WO2012132259A1 - 燃料電池システム及びその運転方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及びその運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012132259A1 WO2012132259A1 PCT/JP2012/001596 JP2012001596W WO2012132259A1 WO 2012132259 A1 WO2012132259 A1 WO 2012132259A1 JP 2012001596 W JP2012001596 W JP 2012001596W WO 2012132259 A1 WO2012132259 A1 WO 2012132259A1
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- fuel cell
- oxidant gas
- cell system
- valve
- gas supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04671—Failure or abnormal function of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04761—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell exhausts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system including a fuel cell that generates power using a fuel gas containing hydrogen and an oxidant gas containing oxygen, and an operation method thereof.
- a fuel cell is a device that generates electric power and heat by an electrochemical reaction of a fuel gas containing hydrogen and an oxidant gas containing oxygen using a catalyst.
- a fuel gas is sealed in the anode and an inert gas is sealed in the cathode in order to suppress deterioration due to oxidation and dissolution of the electrode during standby of the fuel cell system.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system disclosed in Patent Document 2. As shown in FIG.
- the fuel cell system 201 disclosed in Patent Document 2 includes a fuel cell stack 202 and an oxidizing gas via an oxidizing gas supply side channel 214 to an oxidizing gas path 202 ⁇ / b> A of the fuel cell stack 202. And an air pressure compressor 213 provided in the oxidizing gas discharge side flow path 215 through which oxidizing gas that has not been used in the fuel cell stack 202 flows.
- An oxidant gas supply shut valve 217 is provided in the middle of the oxidant gas supply side channel 214, and the oxidant gas is discharged to the channel downstream of the cathode pressure measuring device 221 of the oxidant gas discharge side channel 215.
- a shut valve 220 is provided.
- the oxidizing gas supply shut valve 217 and the oxidizing gas discharge shut valve 220 are closed and detected by the cathode pressure measuring device 221.
- the malfunction of the oxidizing gas supply shut-off valve 217 and the oxidizing gas discharge shut-off valve 220 is determined based on the slope of the pressure change over time.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and provides a fuel cell system capable of quickly detecting a valve failure and a method of operating the same as compared with a conventional fuel cell system. With the goal.
- a fuel cell system is a fuel cell system including a fuel cell that generates power using a fuel gas containing hydrogen and an oxidant gas containing oxygen, and the fuel cell system Comprises a fuel gas supply device for supplying the fuel gas to the fuel cell, an oxidant gas supply device for supplying the oxidant gas to the fuel cell, and the oxidant gas from the oxidant gas supply device.
- An oxidant gas supply flow path for supplying to the battery, an oxidant gas discharge flow path for discharging the oxidant gas not used in the fuel cell from the fuel cell, and an oxidation branching from the oxidant gas supply flow path A portion between a branch portion of the oxidant gas branch flow channel and the oxidant gas branch flow channel of the oxidant gas supply flow channel to the fuel cell, and at least one of the oxidant gas discharge flow channel one
- An open / close valve provided in the oxidant gas branch flow path, an oxidant gas supply amount measuring device for measuring the supply amount of the oxidant gas, and an oxidant gas supply device for operating the open / close valve.
- the on-off valve is normal when the supply amount of the oxidizing gas measured by the oxidizing gas supply amount measuring device is not less than a first threshold value set in advance.
- a controller When the supply amount of the oxidant gas measured by the oxidant gas supply amount measuring device is smaller than the first threshold value, it is determined that the on-off valve is abnormal. And a controller.
- the first threshold value is, for example, the flow rate of the oxidant gas that flows through the oxidant gas branch passage when the oxidant gas supply device is operated when the on-off valve is normally closed (hereinafter referred to as the oxidant gas flow rate).
- the flow rate may be 10% or more of the branch supply amount.
- the first threshold value may be a value of 30% to 70% of the branch supply amount from the viewpoint of further suppressing erroneous detection.
- the open failure of the on-off valve can be quickly determined, and the reliability of the fuel cell system is improved.
- the opening / closing failure of the on-off valve refers to a failure in which the valve is open even though a closing command signal is sent.
- An open failure of the on-off valve occurs, for example, when the valve element is left open with dust or when the spring constituting the valve is broken.
- the fuel cell system and the operation method thereof according to the present invention it is possible to quickly detect a failure of the on-off valve as compared with the conventional fuel cell system.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an open / failure check operation of the on-off valve of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an open / close valve open failure confirmation operation of the fuel cell system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1. As shown in FIG. FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 6A is a flowchart showing the open / close valve open failure confirmation operation of the fuel cell system according to the second modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 (B) is a flowchart showing an open / close valve open failure confirmation operation of the fuel cell system according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an operation for confirming an open / close failure of the on-off valve of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the opening / closing failure check operation of the on-off valve of the fuel cell system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an open / close failure check operation of the on-off valve of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an open / close failure check operation of the on-off valve of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the open / close valve check operation of the on / off valve of the fuel cell system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system disclosed in Patent Document 2. As shown in FIG.
- a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a fuel gas supplier that supplies fuel gas to the fuel cell, an oxidant gas supplier that supplies oxidant gas to the fuel cell, an oxidation An oxidant gas supply channel for supplying oxidant gas from the oxidant gas supply device to the fuel cell, an oxidant gas discharge channel for discharging oxidant gas not used in the fuel cell from the fuel cell, and oxidant gas A portion between the oxidant gas branch flow channel branched from the supply flow channel and the oxidant gas supply flow channel between the branch portion of the oxidant gas branch flow channel and the fuel cell, and an oxidant gas discharge flow channel.
- An on-off valve provided in at least one of them, an oxidant gas supply amount measuring device for measuring an oxidant gas supply amount provided in an oxidant gas branch flow path, and an oxidant gas supply device are operated to open and close Oxidant gas when a closing signal is output to the valve
- the on-off valve is determined to be normal and measured by the oxidant gas supply amount measurement device.
- the embodiment includes a controller configured to determine that the on-off valve is abnormal when the supply amount of the oxidant gas is smaller than a preset first threshold value.
- the fuel gas supply device includes a selective oxidizer that removes carbon monoxide in the fuel gas, and the downstream end of the oxidant gas branch flow path serves as the selective oxidizer. It may be connected.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 1 in the present embodiment includes a fuel cell 2 that generates power using a fuel gas containing hydrogen and an oxidant gas containing oxygen, and supplies the fuel gas to the fuel cell 2.
- the hydrogen generator 4 which is an example of the fuel gas supply device to perform, and the raw material blower 5 which is the raw material gas supply device which supplies raw material gas to the hydrogen generator 4 are provided.
- the hydrogen generator 4 includes a reformer 40 and a selective oxidizer 3.
- the hydrogen generator 4 is supplied with a raw material gas, which is a hydrocarbon-based fuel such as natural gas or LPG, and reformed by using the raw material gas and water vapor in the reformer 40, so that the hydrogen concentration is high. A reformed gas is generated.
- the selective oxidizer 3 causes the reformed gas reformed by the reformer 40 to undergo a selective oxidation reaction to generate fuel gas having a reduced carbon monoxide concentration.
- the selective oxidizer 3 is connected to a downstream end of an oxidant gas branch flow path 15 to be described later.
- the hydrogen generator 4 may include a transformer that reduces carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reformer 40 by a shift reaction.
- the fuel cell system 1 includes a combustor 4 a that burns and reuses unreacted fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 2, a raw material gas utility (not shown), a raw material blower 5, and a hydrogen generator 4.
- a source gas supply channel 6 that communicates with the fuel cell 2, a fuel gas channel 7 that communicates the hydrogen generator 4 and the fuel cell 2, and supplies the fuel gas generated by the hydrogen generator 4 to the fuel cell 2; It has.
- the fuel cell system 1 includes an exhaust gas flow path 8 that connects the fuel cell 2 and the combustor 4 a to supply fuel gas from the fuel cell 2 to the combustor 4 a, and a fuel gas flow without passing through the fuel cell 2.
- the bypass passage 9 is provided with a bypass valve 10 that communicates / blocks the bypass passage 9, that is, opens and closes.
- an anode inlet valve 11 that opens and closes the fuel gas passage 7 is provided between the fuel cell 2 and the branch point of the fuel gas passage 7 with respect to the bypass passage 9.
- the fuel cell system 1 includes an air blower 12 that is an example of an oxidant gas supply device, an oxidant gas supply passage 13 that communicates the air blower 12 and the fuel cell 2, and oxidant gas from the fuel cell 2. And an oxidant gas discharge channel 14 for discharging to the atmosphere.
- the upstream end of the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 is connected to a portion of the oxidant gas supply flow path 13 upstream of the oxidant supply valve 16.
- the downstream end of the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 is connected to the selective oxidizer 3. That is, the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 is branched from the oxidant gas supply flow path 13.
- a selective oxidation air valve 18 is provided in the middle of the oxidant gas branch flow path 15.
- the selective oxidation air valve 18 is configured to flow / block the oxidant gas, that is, to open and close the oxidant gas branch flow path 15.
- a selective oxidation flow meter 19 which is an example of an oxidant gas supply amount measuring device, is provided at a portion upstream of the selective oxidation air valve 18 of the oxidizing gas branch flow path 15.
- the selective oxidation flow meter 19 is configured to detect the flow rate of the oxidant gas (air) flowing through the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 and output the detected flow rate to the controller 20.
- the controller 20 includes an arithmetic processing unit exemplified by a microprocessor, a CPU, and the like, and a storage unit including a memory or the like that stores a program for executing each control operation. Then, in the controller 20, the arithmetic processing unit reads out a predetermined control program stored in the storage unit and executes it, thereby performing various controls relating to the fuel cell system 1.
- the controller 20 controls, for example, the raw material blower 5, the bypass valve 10, the anode inlet valve 11, the air blower 12, the oxidant supply valve 16, the oxidant discharge valve 17, and the selective oxidation air valve 18.
- controller 20 controls the entire fuel cell system 1 so as to perform a startup process, a power generation process after the startup process, a stop process after the power generation process, and a standby state after the stop process. Yes.
- the startup process is a process of generating fuel gas to be supplied to the fuel cell 2 when a startup command is input to the controller 20 or when a startup time of the controller 20 set in advance is reached.
- the combustor 4a heats the reformer 40 of the hydrogen generator 4 to a temperature at which the fuel gas can be generated, and supplies the raw material gas to the hydrogen generator 4 to generate the fuel gas. It is a process.
- the power generation step is a step of generating power from the fuel cell 2, and includes a fuel gas supply step for supplying fuel gas to the fuel cell 2, and an oxidant gas supply for supplying oxidant gas to the fuel cell 2 after the fuel gas supply step is started. And a process.
- the stop processing step is a step for performing power generation stop processing of the fuel cell 2 when a power generation stop command is input to the controller 20 or when a power generation stop time of the controller 20 set in advance is reached. is there.
- the standby state is a state after the stop processing step, and is a state in which the fuel cell system 1 is on standby until the next activation of the fuel cell system 1 is executed.
- the controller 20 is not only configured as a single controller, but also configured as a group of controllers that execute control of the fuel cell system 1 in cooperation with a plurality of controllers. It doesn't matter.
- the controller 20 may be configured by a micro control, or may be configured by an MPU, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), a logic circuit, or the like. [Operation] Next, the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1 according to Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
- a raw material gas such as natural gas or LPG is supplied to the hydrogen generator 4 by the raw material blower 5.
- the supplied raw material is reformed by steam, and a reformed gas containing hydrogen as a main component is generated.
- the produced reformed gas is supplied to the selective oxidizer 3.
- air is supplied from the air blower 12 through the oxidant gas branch flow path 15, and carbon monoxide in the reformed gas is selectively oxidized to carbon dioxide using a catalyst.
- Fuel gas with a very low carbon oxide concentration is produced.
- the generated fuel gas is supplied to the fuel electrode side of the fuel cell 2.
- the oxidant supply valve 16 is opened, and air is supplied as an oxidant gas to the cathode side of the fuel cell 2 through the oxidant gas supply flow path 13 by the air blower 12. Unreacted oxidant gas discharged from the fuel cell 2 without being used for the reaction is discharged to the outside through the oxidant gas discharge channel 14. In the fuel cell 2, in this way, an electrochemical reaction is performed using the supplied fuel gas and oxidant gas, whereby electric power is generated and heat is generated.
- an open failure of the oxidant supply valve 16 is detected as follows.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an open / failure confirmation operation of the on-off valve of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the controller 20 operates the air blower 12 (step S101), and outputs a closing command (closing signal) to the oxidant supply valve 16 (step S102).
- the controller 20 outputs an opening command to the selective oxidation air valve 18 when the selective oxidation air valve 18 is closed.
- the controller 20 controls the flow rate of the oxidant gas (air) flowing from the selective oxidization flow meter 19 through the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 detected by the selective oxidization flow meter 19 (hereinafter referred to as a branch supply amount). Is acquired (step S103). Next, the controller 20 determines whether or not the branch supply amount acquired in step S103 is equal to or greater than a preset first threshold value (step S104).
- the first threshold value is, for example, the flow rate of the oxidant gas that flows through the oxidant gas branch passage 15 when the air blower 12 is operated when the oxidant supply valve 16 is normally closed.
- the flow rate is smaller than (branch supply amount), and may be 10% or more of the branch supply amount from the viewpoint of suppressing erroneous detection.
- the first threshold value may be a value of 30% to 70% of the branch supply amount from the viewpoint of further suppressing erroneous detection.
- the first threshold value is 50% of the branch supply amount.
- the controller 20 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 is normal (step S105) when the branch supply amount acquired in step S103 is greater than or equal to the first threshold (Yes in step S104). End the flow. On the other hand, when the branch supply amount acquired in Step S103 is smaller than the first threshold (No in Step S104), the controller 20 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 is abnormal (Step S106). This flow ends.
- the controller 20 may notify the user or a maintenance company that the oxidant supply valve 16 is abnormal.
- a notification method for example, a method of displaying an abnormality of the oxidant supply valve 16 on a display device such as a remote controller, a mobile phone, a smartphone, or a tablet computer, or that the oxidant supply valve 16 is abnormal by a speaker or the like. There is a method of leaving it by voice.
- an open failure of the oxidant supply valve 16 can be quickly determined as compared with the conventional fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system 1 reliability can be improved.
- the cathode pressure measuring device 221 is used to determine whether the oxidizing gas supply shut valve 217 and the oxidizing gas discharge shut valve 220 are faulty.
- the gas pressure detected by the cathode pressure measuring device 221 changes, the gas pressure also changes. For this reason, there is a possibility that the cathode pressure measuring device 221 may make a false detection.
- the detection target gas of the cathode pressure measuring instrument 221 is closed in the closed space, and therefore the cathode pressure measuring instrument 221 is A predetermined pressure can be detected.
- the cathode pressure measuring device is provided even though both the oxidizing gas supply shut valve 217 and the oxidizing gas discharge shut valve 220 are closed. 221 detects a pressure drop of the detection target gas. In this case, since at least one of the oxidizing gas supply shut valve 217 and the oxidizing gas discharge shut valve 220 has an open failure, it is erroneously determined that the detection target gas leaks into the flow path.
- the fuel cell system of Modification 1 in Embodiment 1 exemplifies a mode in which the on-off valve is provided in the oxidant gas discharge channel.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1. As shown in FIG.
- the fuel cell system 1 according to the first modification of the first embodiment has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 1 according to the first embodiment, but includes an oxidant supply valve 16.
- the oxidant discharge valve 17 which is an example of an on-off valve, is provided in the oxidant gas discharge passage 14.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an open / close valve open failure confirmation operation of the fuel cell system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- the basic operation of the open failure check operation of the oxidant discharge valve 17 of the fuel cell system 1 of the first modification is the same as that of the fuel cell system 1 according to the first embodiment. Instead of S102, S105, and S106, steps S102A, S105A, and S106A are performed, respectively.
- the controller 20 outputs a closing command (closing signal) to the oxidant discharge valve 17 in step S102A. Further, the controller 20 determines that the oxidant discharge valve 17 is normal when the branch supply amount acquired in step S103 is equal to or larger than the first threshold (Yes in step S104) (step S105A). This flow is finished. On the other hand, when the branch supply amount acquired in step S103 is smaller than the first threshold (No in step S104), the controller 20 determines that the oxidant discharge valve 17 is abnormal (step S106A). This flow ends.
- the open / close valve is a portion between the branch portion of the oxidant gas supply flow channel and the oxidant gas branch flow channel to the fuel cell, and the oxidant gas.
- the form provided in the discharge channel is illustrated.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1. As shown in FIG.
- the fuel cell system 1 according to the first modification of the first embodiment has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 1 according to the first embodiment, but the on-off valve has an oxidant supply.
- the valve 16 and the oxidant discharge valve 17 are different from each other in that the oxidant discharge valve 17 is provided in the oxidant gas discharge passage 14.
- FIGS. 6 (A) and 6 (B) are flowcharts showing an open / close failure check operation of the on-off valve of the fuel cell system according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 (A) and 6 (B) are flowcharts showing an open / close failure check operation of the on-off valve of the fuel cell system according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1.
- the controller 20 operates the air blower 12 (step S201).
- the controller 20 outputs an open command (open signal) to the oxidant discharge valve 17 (step S202), and outputs a close command (close signal) to the oxidant supply valve 16 (step S203).
- the controller 20 outputs an opening command to the selective oxidation air valve 18 when the selective oxidation air valve 18 is closed.
- the controller 20 acquires the flow rate (branch supply amount) of the oxidant gas (air) flowing through the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 detected by the selective oxidization flow meter 19 from the selective oxidation flow meter 19. (Step S204). Next, the controller 20 determines whether or not the branch supply amount acquired in step S204 is equal to or greater than a preset first threshold value (step S205).
- step S206 the controller 20 proceeds to step S206 when the branch supply amount acquired in step S204 is equal to or greater than the first threshold (Yes in step S205). On the other hand, if the branch supply amount acquired in step S204 is smaller than the first threshold (No in step S205), the controller 20 proceeds to step S212.
- step S206 the controller 20 outputs an open command (open signal) to the oxidant supply valve 16.
- step S207 the controller 20 outputs a closing command (closing signal) to the oxidant discharge valve 17 (step S207).
- the controller 20 again obtains the flow rate (branch supply amount) of the oxidant gas (air) flowing through the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 detected by the selective oxidization flow meter 19 from the selective oxidation flow meter 19. (Step S208).
- the controller 20 determines whether or not the branch supply amount acquired in step S208 is equal to or greater than a preset first threshold value (step S209).
- the controller 20 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 and the oxidant discharge valve 17 are normal when the branch supply amount acquired in step S208 is greater than or equal to the first threshold (Yes in step S209). (Step S210), this flow ends.
- the controller 20 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 is normal and the oxidant discharge valve 17 is abnormal when the branch supply amount acquired in step S208 is smaller than the first threshold (No in step S209). Judgment is made (step S211), and this flow ends.
- step S204 when the branch supply amount acquired in step S204 is smaller than the first threshold (No in step S205), the controller 20 outputs an opening command (opening signal) to the oxidant supply valve 16 (step S212). ). Next, the controller 20 outputs a closing command (closing signal) to the oxidant discharge valve 17 (step S213). The controller 20 again obtains the flow rate (branch supply amount) of the oxidant gas (air) flowing through the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 detected by the selective oxidization flow meter 19 from the selective oxidation flow meter 19. (Step S214).
- the controller 20 determines whether or not the branch supply amount acquired in step S214 is equal to or greater than a preset first threshold value (step S215).
- the controller 20 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 is abnormal and the oxidant discharge valve 17 is normal when the branch supply amount acquired in step S214 is greater than or equal to the first threshold (Yes in step S215). (Step S216), and this flow is finished.
- the controller 20 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 and the oxidant discharge valve 17 are abnormal. (Step S217), this flow is finished.
- the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a period from when the controller starts operation of the fuel cell system to when supply of fuel gas to the fuel cell starts (that is, startup processing of the fuel cell system).
- the oxidant gas supply device measured by the oxidant gas supply amount measuring device is smaller than the first threshold when the oxidant gas supply device is operated and a closing signal is output to the on-off valve, The mode which controls so that operation of a fuel cell system is stopped is illustrated.
- the configuration of the fuel cell system 1 according to the second embodiment is the same as the configuration of the fuel cell system 1 according to the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an operation for confirming an open / close failure of the on-off valve of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the controller 20 determines whether or not the fuel cell system 1 is in the starting process (step S301). When the fuel cell system 1 is not executing the startup process (No in step S301), the controller 20 repeats step S301 until the fuel cell system 1 executes the startup process. On the other hand, when the fuel cell system 1 is executing the startup process (Yes in Step S301), the controller 20 proceeds to Step S302.
- step S302 the controller 20 operates the air blower 12.
- the controller 20 outputs a closing command (closing signal) to the oxidant supply valve 16 (step S303).
- the controller 20 outputs an opening command to the selective oxidation air valve 18 when the selective oxidation air valve 18 is closed.
- the controller 20 acquires the flow rate (branch supply amount) of the oxidant gas (air) flowing through the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 detected by the selective oxidization flow meter 19 from the selective oxidation flow meter 19. (Step S304). Next, the controller 20 determines whether or not the branch supply amount acquired in step S304 is greater than or equal to a preset first threshold value (step S305).
- the controller 20 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 is normal (step S306) when the branch supply amount acquired in step S304 is greater than or equal to the first threshold (Yes in step S305), and the fuel.
- the startup process of the battery system 1 is continued (the operation of the fuel cell system 1 is continued; step S307), and this flow is finished.
- the controller 20 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 is abnormal (step S308).
- the starting process of the fuel cell system 1 is stopped (operation of the fuel cell system 1 is stopped; step S309), and this flow is finished.
- step S306 and step S308 may be omitted.
- the controller 20 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 has an open failure
- the controller 20 performs an open / close valve open failure check operation a plurality of times from the viewpoint of further avoiding erroneous detection.
- the operation of the fuel cell system 1 may be stopped.
- the fuel cell system 1 according to the second embodiment configured as described above has the same effects as the fuel cell system 1 according to the first embodiment. Further, in the fuel cell system 1 according to the second embodiment, during the startup process of the fuel cell system 1, the open / close valve open failure check operation is executed, so that the open / close valve is opened without extending the startup time. A failure can be detected.
- the controller starts operation of the fuel cell system and starts supplying fuel gas to the fuel cell (that is, activation of the fuel cell system).
- the oxidant gas supply device measured by the oxidant gas supply amount measuring device is smaller than the first threshold when the oxidant gas supply device is activated and a closing signal is output to the on-off valve during processing
- FIG. 2 illustrates a mode in which the operation of the fuel cell system is continued and the start of the next fuel cell system is prohibited.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the opening / closing failure check operation of the on-off valve of the fuel cell system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 2.
- the operation for confirming the open failure of the oxidant supply valve 16 of the fuel cell system 1 of Modification 1 in Embodiment 2 has the same basic operation as that of the fuel cell system 1 according to Embodiment 2, but in step S309. Instead, the point that step S309A is executed is different from the point that step S310 is executed after step S309A.
- the controller 20 continues the start-up process of the fuel cell system 1 (continues the operation of the fuel cell system 1; step S309A) even if it is determined in step S308 that the oxidant supply valve 16 is abnormal. .
- the controller 20 continues to send an open signal to the oxidant supply valve 16 in the power generation process in which the fuel cell 2 generates power. For this reason, when the oxidant supply valve 16 fails to open, that is, when the oxidant supply valve 16 is in an open state, the power generation process can be performed.
- the controller 20 prohibits the next activation of the fuel cell system 1 (step S310), and ends this flow. Specifically, the controller 20 activates the fuel cell system 1 even when an activation command is input to the controller 20 or when the activation time of the controller 20 set in advance is reached. Do not execute.
- the fuel cell system 1 when the fuel cell system 1 is restarted when the on-off valve has failed to open, the temperature of the fuel cell 2 rises, and the oxidant gas is supplied to the fuel cell 2, so that the fuel cell 2 is deteriorated. May cause more.
- the fuel cell system 1 of the first modification when the open / close valve fails, the fuel cell system 1 can be prevented from deteriorating by prohibiting the next activation of the fuel cell system 1. The reliability of the system 1 can be further improved.
- Embodiment 3 In the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, when the controller is in the stop process of the fuel cell system or in the standby state of the fuel cell system, the controller operates the oxidant gas supply device and sends a closing signal to the on-off valve. This is an example of a mode of prohibiting the next start of the fuel cell system when the supply amount of the oxidant gas measured by the oxidant gas supply amount measuring device is smaller than the first threshold when output.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an open / close failure check operation of the on-off valve of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the controller 20 determines whether or not the fuel cell system 1 is in a stop process or is in a standby state (step S401).
- the controller 20 repeats Step S401 until the fuel cell system 1 is in the stop process or in the standby state.
- the controller 20 proceeds to step S402.
- step S402 the controller 20 operates the air blower 12.
- the controller 20 outputs a closing command (closing signal) to the oxidant supply valve 16 (step S403).
- the controller 20 outputs an opening command to the selective oxidation air valve 18 when the selective oxidation air valve 18 is closed.
- the controller 20 acquires the flow rate (branch supply amount) of the oxidant gas (air) flowing through the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 detected by the selective oxidization flow meter 19 from the selective oxidation flow meter 19. (Step S404). Next, the controller 20 determines whether or not the branch supply amount acquired in step S404 is equal to or greater than a preset first threshold value (step S405).
- step S404 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 is normal (step S406). End the flow.
- step S407 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 is abnormal.
- step S408 Next activation of the fuel cell system 1 is prohibited (step S408), and this flow ends. Note that at least one of step S406 and step S407 may be omitted.
- the fuel cell system 1 when the fuel cell system 1 is restarted when the on-off valve has failed to open, the temperature of the fuel cell 2 rises, and the oxidant gas is supplied to the fuel cell 2, so that the fuel cell 2 is deteriorated. May cause more.
- the fuel cell system 1 according to the third embodiment when the on-off valve has an open failure, the fuel cell system 1 can be prevented from deteriorating by inhibiting the next activation of the fuel cell system 1, The reliability of the fuel cell system 1 can be further improved.
- the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention further includes adjusting means for changing the operation amount of the oxidant gas supply device based on the supply amount of the oxidant gas measured by the oxidant gas supply amount measuring device. And when the controller operates the oxidant gas supply device and outputs a closing signal to the on-off valve between the start of operation of the fuel cell system and the start of supply of fuel gas to the fuel cell.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an aspect of controlling the operation of the fuel cell system to be stopped when the operation amount of the oxidant gas supply device is larger than a predetermined second threshold value.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 1 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 1 according to Embodiment 1, but further includes an adjusting means 21. The point is different.
- the adjusting means 21 is realized by executing a program stored in the controller 20, and the operation amount of the air blower 12 is determined based on the supply amount of the oxidant gas measured by the selective oxidation flow meter 19. It is configured to change based on (branch supply amount). More specifically, the adjusting means 21 changes the operation amount of the air blower 12 so that the supply amount of the oxidant gas detected by the selective oxidation flow meter 19 becomes the oxidant gas supply amount according to the generated power. Thus, the supply amount of the oxidant gas is controlled. That is, the adjusting means 21 is means for feedback controlling the air blower 12.
- the adjusting means 21 may be realized by a controller different from the controller 20.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an open / close failure check operation of the on-off valve of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- step S501 the controller 20 determines whether or not the fuel cell system 1 is in the starting process.
- step S501 the controller 20 repeats step S501 until the fuel cell system 1 executes the startup process.
- step S502 the controller 20 proceeds to step S502.
- step S502 the controller 20 operates the air blower 12.
- the controller 20 outputs a closing command (closing signal) to the oxidant supply valve 16 (step S503).
- the controller 20 outputs an opening command to the selective oxidation air valve 18 when the selective oxidation air valve 18 is closed.
- the controller 20 acquires the flow rate (branch supply amount) of the oxidant gas (air) flowing through the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 detected by the selective oxidization flow meter 19 from the selective oxidation flow meter 19. (Step S504).
- the adjusting means 21 of the controller 20 controls the operation amount of the air blower 12 based on the branch supply amount acquired in step S504.
- the controller 20 determines whether or not the operation amount of the air blower 12 by the adjusting means 21 is equal to or less than the second threshold value (step S506).
- the second threshold value (%) is, for example, the flow rate detected by the selective oxidation flow meter 19 when the oxidant supply valve 16 is normally closed is a predetermined branch supply amount Y (L / min).
- Y branch supply amount
- the controller 20 sends a closing signal to the oxidant supply valve 16 in step S503, if the oxidant supply valve 16 is closed, the branch supply amount of the oxidant gas flowing through the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 is determined. Does not decrease from the predetermined branch supply amount Y (L / min), and the adjusting means 21 of the controller 20 does not change (increase) the operation amount of the air blower 12.
- the oxidant supply valve 16 is open, the oxidant gas is supplied to the fuel cell 2, so that the branch supply amount of the oxidant gas flowing through the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 decreases, and the controller 20
- the adjusting means 21 increases the operation amount of the air blower 12 in order to set the supply amount of the oxidant gas to a predetermined branch supply amount Y (L / min). For this reason, when the operation amount of the air blower 12 increases and the operation amount becomes larger than the second threshold value in spite of sending the closing signal to the oxidant supply valve 16, the on-off valve opens and fails. Can be determined.
- the controller 20 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 is normal when the operation amount of the air blower 12 by the adjusting means 21 is equal to or smaller than the second threshold (Yes in Step S506) (Step S507). Then, the startup process of the fuel cell system 1 is continued (the operation of the fuel cell system 1 is continued; step S508), and this flow is finished.
- step S506 when the operation amount of the air blower 12 by the adjusting means 21 is larger than the second threshold (No in step S506), the controller 20 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 is abnormal (step S509). ) The start-up process of the fuel cell system 1 is stopped (the operation of the fuel cell system 1 is stopped; step S510), and this flow is finished.
- step S507 and step S509 may be omitted.
- the controller 20 determines that the oxidant supply valve 16 has an open failure
- the controller 20 performs an open / close valve open failure check operation a plurality of times from the viewpoint of further avoiding erroneous detection.
- the operation of the fuel cell system 1 may be stopped.
- the fuel cell system 1 according to the fourth embodiment configured as described above has the same effects as the fuel cell system 1 according to the first embodiment. Further, in the fuel cell system 1 according to the fourth embodiment, during the startup process of the fuel cell system 1, the open / close valve open failure check operation is executed, so that the open / close valve is opened without extending the startup time. A failure can be detected.
- the fuel cell system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 4 includes adjusting means for changing the supply amount of the oxidant gas supply device based on the supply amount of the oxidant gas measured by the oxidant gas supply amount measuring device.
- the controller operates the oxidant gas supply device and outputs a closing signal to the on-off valve between the start of operation of the fuel cell system and the start of supply of fuel gas to the fuel cell
- the operation amount of the oxidant gas supply device is larger than a predetermined second threshold value, the fuel cell system is continuously operated and controlled to prohibit the next activation.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the open / close valve check operation of the on / off valve of the fuel cell system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 4.
- step S510A is different from step S511A in that step S511 is executed.
- the controller 20 continues the start-up process of the fuel cell system 1 (continues the operation of the fuel cell system 1; step S510A) even if it is determined in step S509 that the oxidant supply valve 16 is abnormal. .
- the controller 20 continues to send an open signal to the oxidant supply valve 16 in the power generation process in which the fuel cell 2 generates power. For this reason, when the oxidant supply valve 16 fails to open, that is, when the oxidant supply valve 16 is in an open state, the power generation process can be performed. Then, the controller 20 prohibits the next activation of the fuel cell system 1 (step S511) and ends this flow.
- the fuel cell system 1 when the fuel cell system 1 is restarted when the on-off valve has failed to open, the temperature of the fuel cell 2 rises, and the oxidant gas is supplied to the fuel cell 2, so that the fuel cell 2 is deteriorated. May cause more.
- the fuel cell system 1 of the first modification when the open / close valve fails, the fuel cell system 1 can be prevented from deteriorating by prohibiting the next activation of the fuel cell system 1. The reliability of the system 1 can be further improved.
- the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention further includes a casing that houses the fuel cell, and a discharge path that discharges the gas in the casing, and the downstream end of the oxidant gas branch flow path is the discharge path.
- the mode connected to is illustrated.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 1 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 1 according to the first embodiment, but the fuel cell system such as the fuel cell 2 or the like. 1 is further provided with a housing 22 for storing each device constituting the device 1 and a discharge passage 23 for discharging the gas in the housing 22, and the downstream end of the oxidant gas branch passage 15 is connected to the discharge passage 23. It is different from the point connected to.
- the discharge channel 23 is provided so as to communicate with an exhaust port (not shown) of the housing 22. Since the downstream end of the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 is connected to the discharge flow path 23, the air blower 12 is operated so that the gas in the housing 22 is changed to the oxidant gas supply flow path 13, The oxidant gas branch flow path 15 and the housing 22 flow through and are discharged out of the housing 22.
- air is supplied to the selective oxidizer 3 by a fan or a blower (not shown).
- a valve for permitting / blocking the gas flow in the oxidant gas branch channel 15 may be provided on the downstream side of the selective oxidation flow meter 19 in the oxidant gas branch channel 15.
- the fuel gas supply device includes a reformer that generates fuel gas and a combustor that heats the reformer, and the downstream end of the oxidant gas branch passage is The aspect connected to the combustor is illustrated.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 1 according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 1 according to Embodiment 1, but the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 The difference is that the downstream end is connected to the combustor 4a.
- the fuel gas supply device has a reformer that generates fuel gas, and the downstream end of the oxidant gas branch flow path is connected to the reformer. It illustrates an embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 1 according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 1 according to Embodiment 1, but the oxidant gas branch flow path 15 The difference is that the downstream end is connected to the reformer 40.
- the reformer 40 has a catalyst in which nickel is supported on a carrier such as alumina, and is configured to perform partial oxidation reforming (CH 4 + 1 / 2O 2 ⁇ CO + 2H 2 ). Has been. Further, as the fuel cell 2, a form using an indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell is adopted.
- the fuel cell 2 may be a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell, a molten carbon salt fuel cell, or a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the hydrogen generator 4 is preferably provided with a shift converter or selective oxidizer 3 downstream of the reformer 40.
- a valve for permitting / blocking the gas flow in the oxidant gas branch channel 15 may be provided on the downstream side of the selective oxidation flow meter 19 in the oxidant gas branch channel 15.
- the fuel cell system and the operation method thereof of the present invention are useful in the field of fuel cells because they can quickly detect a valve failure.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システムは、燃料電池と、該燃料電池に燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス供給器と、燃料電池に酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス供給器と、酸化剤ガス供給器から酸化剤ガスを燃料電池に供給する酸化剤ガス供給流路と、燃料電池から該燃料電池で使用されなかった酸化剤ガスを排出する酸化剤ガス排出流路と、酸化剤ガス供給流路から分岐する酸化剤ガス分岐流路と、酸化剤ガス供給流路のうちの酸化剤ガス分岐流路との分岐部から燃料電池までの間の部分、及び酸化剤ガス排出流路のうちの少なくとも一方に設けられた開閉弁と、酸化剤ガス分岐流路に設けられ、酸化剤ガスの供給量を測定する酸化剤ガス供給量測定器と、酸化剤ガス供給器を作動させ、開閉弁に閉止信号を出力したときに、酸化剤ガス供給量測定器で測定される酸化剤ガスの供給量が予め設定されている第1閾値以上である場合には開閉弁は正常であると判断し、酸化剤ガス供給量測定器で測定される酸化剤ガスの供給量が予め設定されている第1閾値より小さい場合には開閉弁は異常であると判断するように構成されている、制御器と、を備える態様を例示するものである。
[構成]
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略図である。
[動作]
次に、本実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システム1の発電動作について、図1を参照しながら説明する。
次に、本実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システムの変形例について、説明する。
図3は、本実施の形態1における変形例1の燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略図である。
図4は、本実施の形態1における変形例1の燃料電池システムの開閉弁の開故障確認動作を示すフローチャートである。
本実施の形態1における変形例2の燃料電池システムは、開閉弁が酸化剤ガス供給流路のうちの酸化剤ガス分岐流路との分岐部から燃料電池までの間の部分、及び酸化剤ガス排出流路に設けられている形態を例示するものである。
図5は、本実施の形態1における変形例2の燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略図である。
図6(A)及び図6(B)は、本実施の形態1における変形例2の燃料電池システムの開閉弁の開故障確認動作を示すフローチャートである。
本発明の実施の形態2に係る燃料電池システムは、制御器が、燃料電池システムの運転を起動してから燃料電池に燃料ガスの供給を開始するまでの間(すなわち、燃料電池システムの起動処理中)に、酸化剤ガス供給器を作動させ、開閉弁に閉止信号を出力したときに、酸化剤ガス供給量測定器によって測定される酸化剤ガスの供給量が第1閾値より小さい場合に、燃料電池システムの運転を停止するように制御する態様を例示するものである。
図7は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る燃料電池システムの開閉弁の開故障確認動作を示すフローチャートである。
次に、本実施の形態2に係る燃料電池システムの変形例について、説明する。
図8は、本実施の形態2における変形例1の燃料電池システムの開閉弁の開故障確認動作を示すフローチャートである。
本発明の実施の形態3に係る燃料電池システムは、制御器が、燃料電池システムの停止処理又は燃料電池システムの待機状態のときに、酸化剤ガス供給器を作動させ、開閉弁に閉止信号を出力したときに、酸化剤ガス供給量測定器によって測定される酸化剤ガスの供給量が第1閾値より小さい場合に、次回の燃料電池システムの起動を禁止する態様を例示するものである。
図9は、本発明の実施の形態3に係る燃料電池システムの開閉弁の開故障確認動作を示すフローチャートである。
本発明の実施の形態4に係る燃料電池システムは、酸化剤ガス供給器の操作量を、酸化剤ガス供給量測定器で測定される酸化剤ガスの供給量に基づいて変化させる調整手段を更に備え、制御器が、燃料電池システムの運転を起動してから燃料電池に燃料ガスの供給を開始するまでの間に、酸化剤ガス供給器を作動させ、開閉弁に閉止信号を出力したときに、酸化剤ガス供給器の操作量が予め定められる第2閾値より大きい場合に、燃料電池システムの運転を停止するように制御する態様を例示するものである。
図10は、本発明の実施の形態4に係る燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略図である。
図11は、本発明の実施の形態4に係る燃料電池システムの開閉弁の開故障確認動作を示すフローチャートである。
次に、本実施の形態4に係る燃料電池システムの変形例について、説明する。
図12は、本実施の形態4における変形例1の燃料電池システムの開閉弁の開故障確認動作を示すフローチャートである。
本発明の実施の形態5に係る燃料電池システムは、燃料電池を収納する筐体と、筐体内のガスを排出する排出経路と、をさらに備え、酸化剤ガス分岐流路の下流端が排出経路に接続されている態様を例示するものである。
図13は、本発明の実施の形態5に係る燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略図である。
本発明の実施の形態6に係る燃料電池システムは、燃料ガス供給器が、燃料ガスを生成する改質器及び改質器を加熱する燃焼器を備え、酸化剤ガス分岐流路の下流端が燃焼器に接続されている態様を例示するものである。
図14は、本発明の実施の形態6に係る燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略図である。
本発明の実施の形態7に係る燃料電池システムは、燃料ガス供給器が、燃料ガスを生成する改質器を有し、酸化剤ガス分岐流路の下流端が改質器に接続されている態様を例示するものである。
図15は、本発明の実施の形態7に係る燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略図である。
2 燃料電池
3 選択酸化器
4 水素生成器
4a 燃焼器
5 原料ブロワ
6 原料ガス供給流路
7 燃料ガス流路
8 排出ガス流路
9 バイパス流路
10 バイパス弁
11 アノード入口弁
12 空気ブロワ
13 酸化剤ガス供給流路
14 酸化剤ガス排出流路
15 酸化剤ガス分岐経路
16 酸化剤供給弁
17 酸化剤排出弁
18 選択酸化空気弁
19 選択酸化流量計
20 制御器
21 調整手段
22 筐体
23 排出流路
40 改質器
201 燃料電池システム
202 燃料電池スタック
202A 酸化ガス経路
213 エアコンプレッサ
214 酸化ガス供給側流路
215 酸化ガス排出側流路
217 酸化ガス供給シャット弁
220 酸化ガス排出シャット弁
221 カソード圧力計測器
Claims (11)
- 水素を含む燃料ガスと酸素を含む酸化剤ガスとを用いて発電する燃料電池を備える燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池システムは、
前記燃料電池に前記燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス供給器と、
前記燃料電池に前記酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス供給器と、
前記酸化剤ガス供給器から前記酸化剤ガスを前記燃料電池に供給する酸化剤ガス供給流路と、
前記燃料電池から該燃料電池で使用されなかった前記酸化剤ガスを排出する酸化剤ガス排出流路と、
前記酸化剤ガス供給流路から分岐する酸化剤ガス分岐流路と、
前記酸化剤ガス供給流路のうちの前記酸化剤ガス分岐流路との分岐部から前記燃料電池までの間の部分、及び前記酸化剤ガス排出流路のうちの少なくとも一方に設けられた開閉弁と、
前記酸化剤ガス分岐流路に設けられ、前記酸化剤ガスの供給量を測定する酸化剤ガス供給量測定器と、
前記酸化剤ガス供給器を作動させ、前記開閉弁に閉止信号を出力したときに、前記酸化剤ガス供給量測定器で測定される前記酸化剤ガスの供給量が予め設定されている第1閾値以上である場合には前記開閉弁は正常であると判断し、前記酸化剤ガス供給量測定器で測定される前記酸化剤ガスの供給量が前記第1閾値より小さい場合には前記開閉弁は異常であると判断するように構成されている、制御器と、を備える、燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器は、前記燃料電池システムの運転を起動してから前記燃料電池に前記燃料ガスの供給を開始するまでの間に、前記酸化剤ガス供給器を作動させ、前記開閉弁に閉止信号を出力したときに、前記酸化剤ガス供給量測定器によって測定される前記酸化剤ガスの供給量が前記第1閾値より小さい場合に、前記燃料電池システムの運転を停止するように制御する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御器は、前記燃料電池システムの運転を起動してから前記燃料電池に前記燃料ガスの供給を開始するまでの間に、前記酸化剤ガス供給器を作動させ、前記開閉弁に閉止信号を出力したときに、前記酸化剤ガス供給量測定器によって測定される前記酸化剤ガスの供給量が前記第1閾値より小さい場合に、前記燃料電池システムの運転を継続し、次回の前記燃料電池システムの起動を禁止する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御器は、前記燃料電池システムの停止処理又は前記燃料電池システムの待機状態のときに、前記酸化剤ガス供給器を作動させ、前記開閉弁に閉止信号を出力したときに、前記酸化剤ガス供給量測定器によって測定される前記酸化剤ガスの供給量が前記第1閾値より小さい場合に、次回の前記燃料電池システムの起動を禁止する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記酸化剤ガス供給器の操作量を、前記酸化剤ガス供給量測定器で測定される前記酸化剤ガスの供給量に基づいて変化させる調整手段を更に備え、
前記制御器は、前記燃料電池システムの運転を起動してから前記燃料電池に前記燃料ガスの供給を開始するまでの間に、前記酸化剤ガス供給器を作動させ、前記開閉弁に閉止信号を出力したときに、前記酸化剤ガス供給器の操作量が予め定められる第2閾値より大きい場合に、前記燃料電池システムの運転を停止するように制御する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記酸化剤ガス供給器の供給量を、前記酸化剤ガス供給量測定器で測定される前記酸化剤ガスの供給量に基づいて変化させる調整手段を更に備え、
前記制御器は、前記燃料電池システムの運転を起動してから前記燃料電池に前記燃料ガスの供給を開始するまでの間に、前記酸化剤ガス供給器を作動させ、前記開閉弁に閉止信号を出力したときに、前記酸化剤ガス供給器の操作量が予め定められる第2閾値より大きい場合に、前記燃料電池システムの運転を継続し、次回の起動を禁止するように制御する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料ガス供給器は、前記燃料ガス中の一酸化炭素を除去する選択酸化器を備え、
前記酸化剤ガス分岐流路の下流端が前記選択酸化器に接続されている、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池を収納する筐体と、
前記筐体内のガスを排出する排出経路と、をさらに備え、
前記酸化剤ガス分岐流路の下流端が前記排出経路に接続されている、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料ガス供給器は、前記燃料ガスを生成する改質器及び前記改質器を加熱する燃焼器を備え、
前記酸化剤ガス分岐流路の下流端が前記燃焼器に接続されている、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料ガス供給器は、前記燃料ガスを生成する改質器を有し、
前記酸化剤ガス分岐流路の下流端が前記改質器に接続されている、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 水素を含む燃料ガスと酸素を含む酸化剤ガスとを用いて発電する燃料電池を備える燃料電池システムの運転方法であって、
前記燃料電池システムは、
前記燃料電池に前記燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス供給器と、
前記燃料電池に前記酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス供給器と、
前記酸化剤ガス供給器から前記酸化剤ガスを前記燃料電池に供給する酸化剤ガス供給流路と、
前記燃料電池から該燃料電池で使用されなかった前記酸化剤ガスを排出する酸化剤ガス排出流路と、
前記酸化剤ガス供給流路から分岐する酸化剤ガス分岐流路と、
前記酸化剤ガス供給流路のうちの前記酸化剤ガス分岐流路との分岐部から前記燃料電池までの間の部分、及び前記酸化剤ガス排出流路のうちの少なくとも一方に設けられた開閉弁と、
前記酸化剤ガス分岐流路に設けられ、前記酸化剤ガスの供給量を測定する酸化剤ガス供給量測定器と、を備え、
制御器は、前記酸化剤ガス供給器を作動させ、前記開閉弁に閉止信号を出力したときに、前記酸化剤ガス供給量測定器で測定される前記酸化剤ガスの供給量が予め設定されている第1閾値以上である場合には前記開閉弁は正常であると判断し、前記酸化剤ガス供給量測定器で測定される前記酸化剤ガスの供給量が前記第1閾値より小さい場合には前記開閉弁は異常であると判断する、燃料電池システムの運転方法。
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