WO2005049900A1 - 炭素ナノ繊維素及び繊維状ナノ炭素並びに繊維状ナノ炭素の製造方法及びその装置 - Google Patents
炭素ナノ繊維素及び繊維状ナノ炭素並びに繊維状ナノ炭素の製造方法及びその装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005049900A1 WO2005049900A1 PCT/JP2003/014892 JP0314892W WO2005049900A1 WO 2005049900 A1 WO2005049900 A1 WO 2005049900A1 JP 0314892 W JP0314892 W JP 0314892W WO 2005049900 A1 WO2005049900 A1 WO 2005049900A1
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- fibrous nanocarbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/16—Preparation
- C01B32/162—Preparation characterised by catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/18—Nanoonions; Nanoscrolls; Nanohorns; Nanocones; Nanowalls
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
- D01F9/1273—Alkenes, alkynes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
- D01F9/133—Apparatus therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing carbon nanofibrous material, fibrous nanocarbon, and fibrous nanocarbon and an apparatus therefor
- the present invention relates to a carbon nanofibrous material (carbon nano-rod), a fibrous nanocarbon, a method for producing fibrous nanocarbon, and an apparatus therefor.
- FIG. 49 schematically shows the structure of a conventional carbon nanofiber.
- three types of carbon nanofibers have been proposed, as shown in Fig. 49, consisting of a laminated structure of a plate-like body with a hexagonal mesh of carbon (Rodriguez, NM 1993. J. Mater Res. 8: 3233).
- These carbon materials have the following three-dimensional structures: a platelet structure shown in Fig. 49 (a), a herringbone structure or a fishbone structure shown in Fig. 49 (b).
- Tubular, Ribbon or Parallel configuration in Fig. (C) Has been categorized.
- conventional carbon nanofibers do not have diversity due to the specified simple structure, and have not yet been a material that satisfies various functions at the same time.
- a basic reactor as shown in FIG. 50 has been used.
- a raw material gas 01 of a carbon source is brought into contact with a catalyst 05 on a boat 04 in a reaction tube 03 provided with a heating means 02.
- This is a so-called batch method in which carbon nanofibers 06 are grown on the catalyst 05.
- the conventional apparatus as shown in FIG. 50 has a problem that mass production cannot be performed.
- a gas phase flow method in which carbon nanofibers are produced by heating with heating means 02 while supplying a raw material gas 01 into a reaction tube 03 may be considered. ing.
- the problem is that the temperature distribution in the reaction tube 03 tends to occur, and it tends to be uneven.
- the grown product easily adheres to the inner wall surface of the reaction tube 03, and it becomes difficult to collect the product. As a result, there is a problem that scaling up is difficult.
- the present invention provides a carbon nanofiber and a carbon nanofiber capable of exhibiting high performance in the storage and desorption of hydrogen and lithium, the catalytic action, the adsorption of nitrogen oxides, and the like. It is an object to provide a fibrous nanocarbon in which fibrin is arranged and accumulated, a method for producing the fibrous nanocarbon, and an apparatus therefor. Disclosure of the invention
- a first invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is a carbon nanofiber characterized by comprising a carbon hexagonal network having a central axis extending in one direction.
- the axial width (D) of the carbon hexagonal net surface is 2.5 ⁇ 0.5 nm, and the length (L) of the carbon hexagonal net surface is Is 17 ⁇ 15 nm.
- a third invention is the carbon nanofiber according to the first or second invention, wherein the carbon hexagonal network plane is laminated in 2 to 12 layers.
- a fourth invention is a fibrous nanocarbon characterized in that a plurality of the carbon nanofibrils according to any of the first to third inventions are assembled.
- a fifth invention is the fibrous nanocarbon according to the fourth invention, wherein the carbon nanofibers are laminated in a three-dimensionally close-packed state.
- a sixth invention is characterized in that in the fourth or fifth invention, a plurality of the carbon nanofibers are stacked so that their central axes are parallel to each other to form a carbon nanofiber element group. It is fibrous nano carbon.
- the carbon nanofiber group comprises the carbon nanofiber group formed by laminating 2 to 12 carbon hexagonal mesh surfaces, and the carbon hexagonal mesh.
- a fibrous nanocarbon characterized in that it is three-dimensionally laminated while having nanovoids between the carbon nanofibrous material and the carbon nanofibrous material having 2 to 12 layers laminated.
- An eighth invention is the fibrous nanocarbon according to the fourth invention, wherein the carbon nanofibers are joined in series at an axial end to form a nanofiber group in the axial direction. .
- the shaft end of the carbon nanofiber is heat treated. It is a fibrous nanocarbon characterized by being bonded by a process.
- the carbon nanofiber group is greater than 0 degree and less than 20 degrees with respect to an axis orthogonal to a fiber axis in a laminating direction of the carbon nanofibers. It is a fibrous nanocarbon characterized by having a columnar shape when arranged at an arrangement angle.
- the eleventh invention is based on the sixth invention, wherein the carbon nanofiber group is greater than 20 degrees but less than 80 degrees with respect to an axis orthogonal to a fiber axis in a laminating direction of the carbon nanofiber. It is a fibrous nanocarbon characterized by having a feather shape when arranged at the full array angle.
- a twenty-second invention is the fibrous nanocarbon according to the tenth or eleventh invention, wherein the carbon nanoprotein group has a cedar aya structure.
- a thirteenth invention is the tenth or eleventh invention, wherein the inter-plane distance (d. 2 ) of the carbon hexagonal network is 0.5 under a heat treatment condition of 700 ° C. or less.
- a fiber width of the aggregate of carbon nanofibers is 8 to 500 nm, and an aspect ratio of the fiber is (Fibrous length / fiber width) is 10 or more.
- the fifteenth invention is based on the eighth invention, wherein the carbon nanofiber group is arranged at an angle of 80 degrees or more and 88 degrees with respect to an axis orthogonal to a fiber axis in a laminating direction of the carbon nanofibers. It is a fibrous nanocarbon characterized by having a tubular shape by being arranged at an angle.
- the fiber width of the aggregate of carbon nanofibrils is 8 to 80 nm, and the aspect ratio (fiber length / fiber width) of the fibers is 30 or more.
- a fibrous nanocarbon characterized by the following.
- a seventeenth invention is the fibrous nanocarbon according to any one of the tenth to sixteenth inventions, wherein a cross-sectional structure in a direction orthogonal to the fiber axis is polygonal.
- the eighteenth invention is a method according to any of the tenth to seventeenth inventions, wherein A high-temperature heat treatment on the surface thereof, wherein the ends of the carbon nanofibers on the surface are two-dimensionally formed in a loop shape and three-dimensionally formed in a dome shape. It is.
- a nineteenth invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is a method for producing fibrous nanocarbon comprising an aggregate of carbon nanofibrils by reacting a carbon raw material in a high-temperature fluidized bed using a catalyst.
- a first gas supply step of supplying a reducing gas by using a fluidizing agent that combines a carrier supporting a metal catalyst via a binder as a fluidizing material, and supplying the carbon raw material in a gaseous state.
- a method for producing fibrous nanocarbon comprising: performing the gas supply step of 2.
- a 20th invention is the method for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the 19th invention, wherein the average particle diameter of the fluid material also serving as a catalyst is 0.2 to 2 Omm.
- a twenty-first invention is the method for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the nineteenth invention, wherein the catalyst / fluid material is formed by carrying the catalyst on the surface of the carrier or an aggregate thereof. It is.
- -A twenty-second invention is the fibrous nano-material according to the nineteenth invention, wherein the carrier of the catalyst / fluid material is any one of carbon black, alumina, silica, silica sand, and aluminosilicate. This is a method for producing carbon.
- the metal catalyst of the fluid material that also serves as a catalyst is any one of Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, and Mo, or at least two or more of them. And a method for producing fibrous nanocarbon.
- a twenty-fourth invention is the method for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the nineteenth invention, wherein the flow rate in the fluidized bed is 0.02 to 2 m / s.
- a twenty-fifth invention is characterized in that, in the nineteenth invention, the conditions of each of the first gas supply step, the carbon source supply step, and the second gas supply step are independently controlled. Is a method for producing fibrous nanocarbon.
- a twenty-sixth invention is the method for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the twenty-fifth invention, wherein the conditions are a temperature, a pressure, a time, and a gas atmosphere.
- a twenty-seventh aspect is the nineteenth aspect, wherein the mixed flow of the catalyst and the inert gas is carried out under a pressure of 0.1 to 25 atm (hydrogen partial pressure 0 to 90%). Producing a fibrous nanocarbon by contacting the catalyst of the material with the carbon raw material at a temperature of 300 to 130 ° C. for a certain period of time. It is.
- the catalyst component of the catalyst / fluid material is formed by a reducing action of the reducing gas.
- a twenty-ninth invention is the invention according to the twenty-eighth invention, wherein the fibrous nanoparticle obtained by controlling the particle size of the metal catalyst when the metal catalyst of the catalyst / fluidizing material is miniaturized.
- This is a method for producing fibrous nanocarbon, characterized in that the diameter of carbon is controlled.
- the second gas supply step forms a zone having a high flow velocity locally in the fluidized bed, wherein the particles of the catalyst / fluidized material are each other, or
- This is a method for producing fibrous nanocarbon, characterized in that the collision between particles and a wall surface promotes the miniaturization and wear of the fluid material also serving as a catalyst.
- a thirty-first invention is the method for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the thirtieth invention, wherein a zone having a high flow velocity in the fluidized bed is formed at a lower portion of the fluidized bed.
- the invention is the method for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the 30th invention, wherein a zone with a high flow velocity is formed by blowing a high-speed gas into the fluidized bed.
- a thirty-third invention is the fibrous nanometer according to the thirty-second invention, wherein the particles scattered from the fluidized bed are re-supplied into the fluidized bed together with the high-speed gas. This is a method for producing carbon.
- a thirty-fourth invention is the method for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the nineteenth invention, wherein the produced fibrous nanocarbon is separated from the carrier or the catalyst.
- a thirty-fifth invention is a production apparatus used for carrying out the method for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the nineteenth invention, wherein the heating device is filled with the catalyst / fluid material and heats the inside.
- a thirty-sixth invention is the fibrous nanocarbon production apparatus according to the thirty-fifth invention, wherein a collecting means for collecting the scattered particles is provided in the discharge line.
- a thirty-seventh invention is the apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the thirty-fifth invention, wherein the fluidized bed portion of the fluidized bed reactor has a high-speed fluidized portion and a low-speed fluidized portion. .
- a thirty-eighth invention is the apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the thirty-seventh invention, wherein the high-speed flow part has a collision part.
- a thirty-ninth aspect is the apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the thirty-fifth aspect, wherein high-speed gas blowing means for blowing gas into the fluidized bed reactor at a high speed is provided.
- a 40th invention is the apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the 39th invention, wherein the gas is blown at a high speed, and the collected particles are accompanied.
- the first, second, and third fluid chambers in which the fluid material is capable of flowing and moving are formed in the fluidized bed reactor, and the first fluid is formed.
- the first gas supply means is connected to the chamber
- the carbon material supply means is connected to the second flow chamber
- the second gas supply means is connected to the third flow chamber.
- a forty-second invention is the thirty-fifth invention, wherein the first and second fluid chambers, in which the fluid material can flow, are formed in the fluidized bed reactor, and are different from the fluidized bed reactor.
- Another fluidized bed reactor is provided as a third fluidized chamber, and a transfer means for transferring the fluidized material from the second fluidized chamber to the third fluidized chamber is provided.
- a fibrous nanometer characterized by connecting the first gas supply means, connecting the carbon material supply means to the second flow chamber, and connecting the second gas supply means to the third flow chamber. It is an apparatus for producing carbon.
- a forty-fourth invention is a production apparatus used for carrying out the method for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the nineteenth invention, wherein the fluid material also serving as a catalyst is filled therein, and has heating means for heating the inside.
- a first fluidized bed reactor having first gas supply means for supplying the reducing gas therein, and a transfer means for transferring the fluidized material from the first fluidized bed reactor.
- a second fluidized bed reactor having therein a carbon source supply means for supplying the carbon source in a gaseous state, and a transfer unit for transferring the fluidized material and the reaction product from the second fluidized bed reactor.
- a third fluidized bed reactor having second gas supply means for supplying the gas containing no carbon therein, and a discharge line for discharging gas and scattered particles from the third fluidized bed reactor 'Fibrous nano It is an apparatus for producing carbon.
- a fifty-fifth invention is the fibrous nanocarbon production apparatus according to the forty-fourth invention, further comprising a plurality of the first fluidized bed reactors.
- a forty-sixth invention is the apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the forty-fourth invention, further comprising a plurality of the second fluidized bed reactors.
- a forty-seventh invention is characterized in that, in the forty-fourth invention, a plurality of the third fluidized bed reactors are provided.
- a fifty-eighth invention is directed to the fibrous nanocarbon according to any one of the thirty-fifth to forty-seventh inventions, wherein the average particle diameter of the catalyst / fluid material is 0.2 to 2 O mm.
- Production equipment A 49th invention is characterized in that, in any one of the 35th to 47th inventions, the catalyst / fluid material is formed by carrying the catalyst on the surface of the carrier or an aggregate thereof. This is an apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon.
- the carrier of the fluid material that also serves as a catalyst is any one of carbon black, alumina, silica, silica sand, and aluminosilicate.
- a fifty-first invention which is an apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon characterized in that, in any one of the thirty-fifth to forty-seventh inventions, the metal catalyst of the catalyst / fluid material is Fe, Ni, An apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon, which is any one of Co, Cu, and Mo or a mixture of at least two of them.
- a fifty-second invention is the method for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to any one of the thirty-fifth to forty-seventh inventions, wherein the flow velocity in the fluidized bed is 0.02 to 2 mZs. It is a device.
- a fifty-third invention is a method according to any one of the thirty-fifth to forty-seventh inventions, wherein a mixed gas of hydrogen and an inert gas (hydrogen partial pressure 0 to 90%) under a pressure of 0.1 to 25 atm. ), wherein the fibrous nanocarbon is produced by contacting the catalyst of the catalyst / fluid material with the carbon raw material at a temperature of 300 to 130 ° C. for a certain period of time. It is a production device for nano carbon.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a carbon nanofiber according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a carbon nanofiber group according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of carbon nanofibrous material and fibrous nanocarbon according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the carbon nanofiber according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a heat treatment of the carbon nanofiber according to the present invention.
- Figure 6 shows the micrographs of the as-prepared carbon nanofibrils and the heat-treated carbon nanofibers. It is a true figure.
- FIG. 7 is a high-resolution transmission micrograph and a scanning tunneling electron micrograph of carbon nanofibers.
- FIG. 8 is a scanning tunneling electron micrograph and a schematic view thereof.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a carbon nanofiber element group is formed.
- FIG. 10 is a high-resolution transmission micrograph of fibrous nanocarbon having a columnar structure.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view of various shapes of a carbon nanofiber group.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a fibrous nanocarbon aggregate having a columnar structure.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic view of another fibrous nanocarbon aggregate having a columnar structure.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fibrous nanocarbon.
- FIG. 15 shows scanning tunneling electron micrographs of various shapes of carbon nanofibers.
- FIG. 16 is a scanning tunneling electron micrograph of various shapes of carbon nanofibers.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a fibrous nanocarbon aggregate having a feather structure.
- FIG. 18 is a high-resolution transmission micrograph of fibrous nanocarbon having a feather structure.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a fibrous nanocarbon aggregate having a tubular structure.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a heat-treated carbon nanofibrous material and a schematic diagram of fibrous nanocarbon obtained by assembling the same.
- Fig. 21 shows the structure of the carbon nanofibers composing the fibrous nanocarbon in the columnar structure after high-temperature treatment at 280 ° C.
- the angle of the transmitted electron beam of the high-resolution transmission electron microscope was changed. It is a photographic view taken at (30 degrees, 0 degrees, +30 degrees).
- Fig. 22 shows the carbon nanofiber group that constitutes the fibrous nanocarbon having the columnar structure.
- FIG. 2 is a high-resolution transmission electron microscope photograph of a 800 ° C. high temperature processed product.
- FIG. 23 is a high-resolution transmission electron micrograph (magnification: 600,000 times) of the high-temperature processed product at 280 ° C. at an angle of ⁇ 30 degrees in FIG.
- FIG. 24 is a high-resolution transmission electron micrograph of the high-temperature processed product at 280 ° C. at an angle of 0 ° in FIG. 21.
- FIG. 25 is a high-resolution transmission electron micrograph of a high-temperature processed product at 280 ° C. at an angle of + 30 ° in FIG. 21.
- FIG. 26 is a high-resolution transmission electron micrograph of the high-temperature processed product at 280 ° C. at an angle of 130 ° in FIG. 23.
- FIG. 27 is a high-resolution transmission electron micrograph of the high-temperature processed product at 280 ° C. at an angle of 0 ° in FIG.
- FIG. 28 is a high-resolution transmission electron micrograph of the high-temperature processed product at 280 ° C. at an angle of + 30 ° in FIG.
- Fig. 29 shows a columnar structure, a feathered structure, and a tube shape.
- FIG. 4 is a high-resolution transmission micrograph of fibrous nanocarbon having a (Tubular) structure.
- FIG. 30 shows a group of carbon nanofibers in a state of being manufactured (manufactured at 600 ° C. using an iron catalyst) constituting fibrous nanocarbon having a columnar structure
- 200 ° C. and 2 ° C. 3 is a photograph of a structure after a high-temperature treatment at 800 ° C., respectively, taken by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope.
- FIG. 31 is a Raman scattering spectrum diagram of a fibrous nanocarbon consisting of a group of carbon nanofibers having a columnar structure before and after a heat treatment.
- FIG. 32 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a carbon nanofibril production apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic view of the method for producing carbon nanofiber according to the present invention.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing an example of separation of fibrous nanocarbon.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing the relationship between the particle size and the flow velocity.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing the relationship between the particle size and the flow velocity.
- FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a carbon nanofiber production apparatus according to the present invention. It is a schematic diagram.
- FIG. 38 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of the carbon nanofibril production apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 39 is a schematic view of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus for producing carbon nanofiber according to the present invention.
- FIG. 40 is a schematic diagram of a carbon nanofiber.
- FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram of a carbon nanofiber.
- FIG. 42 is a schematic view of a fifth embodiment of the apparatus for producing carbon nanofiber according to the present invention.
- FIG. 43 is another schematic diagram of the fifth embodiment of the device for producing carbon nanofiber according to the present invention.
- FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for producing carbon nanofibrils according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 45 is another schematic diagram of the sixth embodiment of the device for producing carbon nanofiber according to the present invention.
- FIG. 46 is a micrograph of the fibrous nanocarbon obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 47 is a micrograph of the fibrous nanocarbon obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 48 is a micrograph of the fibrous nanocarbon obtained in Example 3.
- Fig. 49 is a model diagram of a conventional nanofiber.
- FIG. 50 is an explanatory view of a conventional basic reactor.
- FIG. 51 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional gas phase flow method. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- Embodiments of a method and an apparatus for producing carbon nanofibrous material, fibrous nanocarbon, and fibrous nanocarbon according to the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Absent.
- fiber width is the average 1 0 0 nm
- the aspect ratio is of about 3 0, the surface area with nitrogen BET measurement 2 0 0 m 2 or more It has been found that it becomes a polygonal fibrous nanocarbon shown.
- the carbon hexagonal network surface carbon hexagonal network
- the carbon nanofiber as its nano aggregate carbon hexagonal network
- the fibrous nanocarbon in which these carbon nanofibers are arranged and laminated are shown in Figs. It will be described based on.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a carbon nanofiber composed of a plurality of carbon hexagonal network planes
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an aggregated state of the carbon nanofiber.
- a carbon nanofiber (Rod: Carbon Nano-fiberous-Rod) has a central axis extending in one direction, 1) 2 are configured.
- the above-mentioned carbon nanofiber 12 can be a basic structural unit even if it is a single sheet (or a single layer).
- the carbon hexagonal net surface 11 is laminated in a layer of 2 to 12 layers to form one structure. Forming a unit.
- the number of layers is preferably 4 to 10 layers. The reason why the unit is formed by laminating 12 to 12 layers of carbon nanofibrous material is not yet clear, but it may be related to the crystal lattice structure of the metal catalyst used in the synthesis. It is thought that there is not.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic diagram in which a carbon hexagonal mesh plane 11 forms one constituent unit of a carbon nanofiber 12 by two layers.
- FIG. 1 (b) is a schematic diagram in which a carbon hexagonal mesh plane 11 forms one constituent unit of carbon nanofibers 12 by eight layers.
- the carbon hexagonal mesh plane 11 constituting the carbon nanofiber 12 is
- the shaft width (D) is 2.5 ⁇ 0.5 nm and the length (L) is 17 ⁇ 15 nm. If the above-mentioned size is out of the above range, good carbon nanofibrous material 12 cannot be formed.
- a plurality of carbon nanofibers 12 are closely packed and laminated to form a carbon nanofiber group 13, so that the carbon nanofibers 12 are formed together.
- the nano voids 14 are spaces for taking in atoms such as hydrogen and lithium. Due to the large number of the nano voids 14, the effect as a novel functional material such as catalytic activity, occlusion or adsorption of a specific substance is exhibited.
- FIG. 2 (a) it appears that the carbon nanofibrils 12 are in contact with each other, but the carbon nanofibrils 12 may or may not be in contact with each other There is also. If not, the nanovoids 14 will increase.
- FIG. 2 (b) carbon nanofibers 12 having a hexagonal cross section are assembled so as to have a small gap. In this way, a plurality of carbon nanofiber groups 13 composed of carbon nanofibers 12 are three-dimensionally aggregated into a fibrous form, as shown in FIG. 15).
- the carbon nanofibrous material 12 has a circular cross-sectional structure in a direction perpendicular to the axis in FIG. 2 (a) and a hexagonal shape in FIG. 2 (b). It is not limited. For example, as shown in Fig. 4, circular (see Fig. 4 (a)) and hexagonal (see Fig. 4 (b)) as well as octagon (see Fig. 4 (c)) ) Or a rectangle (see Fig. 4 (d)).
- fibrous nanocarbon 15 formed by three-dimensionally assembling the carbon nanofiber groups 13 include a columnar structure, a columnar structure, a feather structure, and a tube shape. (Tubular) structure and the like (details will be described later). In the present embodiment, as an example, a description will be given centering on fibrous nanocarbon 15 having a columnar structure.
- the carbon nanofiber 12 according to the present invention is a constituent unit. That is, it is not clear in the state, it becomes clear by heat treatment (or carbonization) at 160 ° C or more after production. That is, by performing the heat treatment at a high temperature of 160 ° C. or higher, the axial ends of the carbon nanofibers 12 are two-dimensionally looped and tertiary as shown in FIG. Originally, a carbon network is formed in a dome shape. As a result, it becomes clear that the carbon nanofibrous material 12 is one constituent unit.
- the carbon nanofibers 12 whose ends are not looped in the as-produced state will be referred to as “As-pr mark ared state” and will be treated at a high temperature such as 280 ° C.
- the heat-treated carbon nanofiber 12 is referred to as “a heat-treated state at 280 ° C.”.
- Figure 6 shows a high-resolution transmission electron microscope of carbon nanofibrous material 12.
- FIG. 6 (a) is a photograph of an aggregate of carbon nanofibers 12 obtained by a synthesis method described later
- FIG. 6 (b) is a graph showing the heat at 280 ° C. described later. It is a photograph of an aggregate of carbon nanofibrous material 12 which has been processed to improve the degree of graphitization. The size of 10 nm is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a photograph taken by an electron microscope of the carbon nanofiber 12 (in a heat-treated state at 280 ° C.).
- FIG. 7 (a) is a photograph of a high-resolution transmission microscope (HRTEM)
- FIG. 7 (b) is a photograph of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Both arrows in the photo indicate a size of 20 nm.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 the lamination state of the carbon hexagonal netting surface 11 of 6 to 10 layers is both shown, and it can be confirmed that the carbon nanofibrous material 12 is constituted by these. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the carbon nanofibrous material 12 is formed from the constituent units and that these are combined to form the fibrous nanocarbon 15.
- the reason why the scanning tunneling electron microscope (STM) photograph is unclear is that it is not possible to obtain a sharper image at this time due to the high magnification and the principle of photography. However, it is possible to confirm that carbon nanofiber 12 is one of the constituent units.
- FIG. 8 is another scanning tunneling electron microscope (STM) photograph of carbon nanofiber 12 (at 800 ° C. heat treatment). In FIG. 8, the right side is an enlarged photograph of the left side. From the photograph on the right side of Fig. 8, the shape of the loop network at the shaft end is confirmed.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the carbon nanofibers 12 shown on the right side of FIG. 8 are assembled to form a carbon nanofiber group 13.
- the hexagonal carbon layer (Hexagonal Carbon Layer) according to the present embodiment is the same as a black-based material that occupies most of the current carbon materials. Is the basic unit of the structure. The nature of these carbon materials is basically determined by the integrity and size of the carbon hexagonal mesh, the thickness of the stack, the regularity of the stack, and the type and degree of selective orientation of the mesh. (Carbon Glossary Dictionary, p. 226, Japan Society for Carbon Materials, edited by the Carbon Glossary Dictionary Editing Committee, Agune Riding Company, Tokyo, 2000).
- the carbon nanofibrous material 12 according to the present invention has a hexagonal mesh structure of carbon atoms as a basic unit, and is composed of 95% or more of carbon atoms. Further, by heat-treating the carbon nanofibrous material 12 at a high temperature of 2000 ° C. or more, the carbon nanofibrous material can be formed with 99% or more carbon atoms. Moreover, the interplanar spacing nano aggregates Kisagonaru network surface 1 1 to a carbon nano cellulose 1 2 carbon (d .. 2) is less than 0. 5 0 0 nm, pure graphite interplanar gap ( d.) It is close to the size of 2 ) (0.3354 nm). Therefore, the carbon nanofibrous material 12 according to the present invention has a high degree of graphitization.
- the fibrous nanocarbon 1 5 is manufactured at 700 ° C. or lower, and can be logically inferred from the fact that the interplanar distance (d 0 2 ) of the carbon hexagonal network is less than 0.50 nm.
- the fibrous nanocarbon 15 according to the present invention is formed by closely packing the carbon nanofibrous material 12 in a three-dimensional direction.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the lamination of the carbon nanofibers 12 as an example of this lamination state.
- the lamination shown in Fig. 3 is a columnar lamination structure, in which the carbon nanofibers 12 are laminated in the first direction (up and down on the paper) with the central axis of 13 to form fibrous nanocarbon 15.
- FIG. 10 is a high-resolution transmission electron micrograph of fibrous nanocarbon 15 having a columnar structure and heat-treated at 280 ° C. As shown in Fig. 10, the carbon nanofibers 12 at the tip of the loop form a close-packed structure to form the carbon nanocarbon fibers 13 and become fibrous nanocarbons 15. You can see that.
- FIG. 10 (a) is a 150,000-fold enlarged view of the fibrous nano carbon 15, and
- FIG. 10 (b) is an axial direction of the fibrous nano carbon 15 (10 It is an enlarged view of both end portions (points A and B in FIG. 10 (a)) in a direction orthogonal to the diagram (a), in the left-right direction.
- FIG. 10 (b) The carbon nanofibrous material 12 at the tip, which has a three-dimensional dome shape formed by force, heat, and heat treatment, is closest packed in the three-dimensional direction to form the carbon nanocarbon fiber group 13 It can be seen that fibrous nanocarbon 15 is obtained.
- the carbon nanofibers 12 may be assembled in various ways. You. Typical examples of fibrous nanocarbon 15 composed of a plurality of three-dimensionally assembled carbon nanofibers 13 include columnar structures, feathered structures, and tubular shapes. (Tubular) There are three embodiments of the structure. Although the difference between these structures is not clear, it is considered that the morphology changes due to the difference between the catalyst and the production conditions.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the above three forms of the carbon nanofiber element group 13.
- the first mode is arranged at an angle ( ⁇ ) greater than 0 degree and less than 20 degrees with respect to an axis (X) orthogonal to an axis (Y) in the laminating direction (fiber axis direction), Columnar fibrous nanocarbon group 13A (see Fig. 11 (a)).
- the second mode is arranged at an angle (> 3) of more than 20 degrees and less than 80 degrees with respect to an axis (X) orthogonal to the axis (Y) in the laminating direction (fiber axis direction). It is called Feather-shaped fibrous nanocarbon group 13B (see Fig. 11 (b)).
- the feather-shaped (Feather) fibrous nanocarbon group 13B has a cedar structure, but this opposition depends on the relationship with the catalyst. . Therefore, there may be cases where they do not face each other.
- the tube is arranged at an angle ( ⁇ ) of 80 to 88 degrees with respect to an axis (X) orthogonal to the axis (Y) in the laminating direction (fiber axis direction).
- Tubular fibrous nanocarbon group 13C (see Fig. 11 (c)).
- FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an example of a columnar carbon nanofiber group.
- FIG. 12 (a) shows that the carbon nanofiber group 13A is formed by laminating in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the columnar carbon nanofiber elements 12.
- FIGS. 12 (b) and 12 (c) show a state where at least one or more carbon nanofiber groups 13A are juxtaposed and the central axis of the carbon nanofiber elements 12 is parallel. That is, in Fig. 12 (b), the carbon nanofiber groups 13A are arranged in parallel in two rows, and in Fig. 12 (c), the carbon nanofiber groups 13A are arranged side by side. But It is a parallel arrangement of four rows.
- FIGS. 12 (b) and 12 (c) when the carbon nanofibers 13A are arranged side by side, the direction of the central axis of the carbon nanofibers 12 is the same. Direction.
- carbon nanofibers 12 of various lengths in the axial direction of the carbon nanofibers 12 are laminated to form a carbon nanofiber group 13A. It is also possible to form nano-voids 1 and 4 in the laminated portion of element 12.
- FIG. 13 in a planar state (see FIG. 13 (a)), there is a nanocavity 14 inside, and a rectangular cylindrical shape is formed so that four sides are surrounded by carbon nanofibers 12. It is also possible to form the carbon nanofiber group 13. Further, as shown in FIG. 14, the cross-sectional shape of the carbon nanofiber group 13 in a direction orthogonal to the fiber axis is various such as hexagonal, octagonal, quadrangular, and circular.
- FIG. 15 is a high-resolution transmission microscope (HRTEM) photograph of fibrous nanocarbon 15
- FIG. 16 is a scanning tunneling electron microscope (STM) photograph of fibrous nanocarbon 15. From these photographs, it was confirmed that the shape of the fibrous nanocarbon 15 in the three forms of the columnar structure, the feather structure (Feather) structure, and the tubular structure (Tubular structure) was substantially hexagonal or substantially pentagonal. Is done.
- fibrous nanocarbon 15 with Columnar structure composed of 4 rows It turns out to be 60-80 nm. Therefore, fibrous nanocarbon 15 having a columnar structure with a fiber width of 200 nm has at least 10 rows of carbon nanofibril groups 13A arranged in parallel.
- Such a fibrous nanocarbon 15 is prepared by using a pure transition metal represented by iron (Fe), conoureto (Co), nickel (Ni) alone or an alloy as a catalyst, at 400 to 1200 ° C. In a temperature range, a mixture gas of carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons such as methane (CH 4 ), ethylene (C 2 H 6 ), and propane (C 3 H 8 ) with hydrogen (hydrogen partial pressure: 0 to 90%) By contacting the catalyst for a certain period of time.
- a pure transition metal represented by iron (Fe), conoureto (Co), nickel (Ni) alone or an alloy as a catalyst, at 400 to 1200 ° C.
- a mixture gas of carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons such as methane (CH 4 ), ethylene (C 2 H 6 ), and propane (C 3 H 8 ) with hydrogen (hydrogen partial pressure: 0 to 90%)
- a preferred production example for producing fibrous nanocarbon 15 having a columnar structure is as follows: It is.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of the (nano carbon nano).
- the carbon nanofiber group 13B has a cedar structure in which the carbon nanofibers 12 face each other at a predetermined angle.
- the structure has a nano-cavity 14 and crosses each other as shown in Fig. 17 (b).
- the fibrous nanocarbon 15 having a feathered (Feather) structure is larger than 20 degrees and smaller than 80 degrees with respect to the axis (X) orthogonal to the axis (Y) in the laminating direction (fiber axis direction). ( ⁇ ) (see Fig. 11 (b)).
- the carbon nanofibrous material 12 of the carbon nanofibrous material group 13B having such a feathered (Feather) structure has a shaft width of 2.5 ⁇ 0.5 nm and a shaft length of 4 at the stage of synthesis. ⁇ 2 nm. This is because the angle of the carbon nanofibrous material 12 is sharper than that of the columnar (fibrous nanofibrous group 13A), so that the axial length L of the constituent carbon nanofibrous material 12 is shorter. It is because it becomes something.
- the carbon nanofiber group 13 B carbon nanofibers, and the carbon hexagonal nanofiber network 11 of fibrous 12 have a plane-to-plane gap (d. 2 ) of less than 0.500 nm and a pure graphite plane. while It is close to the size of the gap (d 002 ) (0.3354 nm). Therefore, the carbon nanofiber 12 has a high degree of illness.
- a specific example of production of the fibrous nano carbon 15 having a feather structure is as follows.
- fibrous nanocarbon group 13B with a feathered structure uses nickel nitrate or a mixture of iron nitrate and iron nitrate instead of iron nitrate in the production of fibrous nanocarbon 15 with a columnar structure. Then, a nickel or nickel-iron alloy catalyst (nickel content: 70-90% (weight ratio)) is prepared by the same precipitation method.
- a mixed gas of hydrogen and helium (hydrogen partial pressure: 20%) was flown at 100 sccm to the above catalyst at 0.5 ° C at 500 ° C. Reduce for ⁇ 10 hours. Then, the mixture is reacted at a temperature of 450 to 620 ° C for 0.25 to 3 hours while flowing a mixed gas of ethylene and hydrogen (hydrogen partial pressure: 10 to 90%) at 100 to 200 sccm to obtain a predetermined amount ( 2-5400 mg) of fibrous nanocarbon 15 with a cedar aya structure.
- FIG. 19 an example of a fibrous nanocarbon 15 having a tubular structure in which carbon nanofibers 13 are formed by joining carbon nanofibers 12 at both ends in the axial direction so as to have a predetermined number of nodes in the axial direction. This is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 19, the carbon nanofiber group 13C having a tubular structure is formed by bonding carbon nanofiber elements 12 at both ends in the axial direction.
- the fibrous nanocarbon group 13C having a tubular structure has an angle of 80 to 88 degrees with respect to the axis (X) orthogonal to the axis (Y) in the stacking direction (the fiber axis direction). ( ⁇ ) (see Fig. 11 (c)).
- This tubular structure At the stage of synthesis, the carbon nanofibrous material 12 has a shaft width of 2.5 ⁇ 0.5 nm and a shaft length of 13 ⁇ 10 nm.
- Fig. 19 (a) shows a structure in which the axial ends of carbon nanofibrous materials 12 are joined linearly (in the same row) to form a fibrous nanocarbon group 13C having a tubular structure.
- Figure (b) shows a fibrous nanocarbon group with a tubular structure that is joined so that the shaft ends of a pair of carbon nanofibrils 1'2 sandwich the shaft end of a single carbon nanofibril 12
- Fig. 19 (c) shows the tubular nanofibrous nanocarbon group 13C formed by joining the carbon nanofibers 12 so that their axial ends overlap each other. It is composed of The joining method is not limited to these, but since the joining is performed at both ends of the shaft, the carbon nanofiber element group 13C is formed with nodes.
- the carbon hexagonal mesh plane 11 of the carbon nanofiber group 12 of the carbon nanofiber group 13 C has an interplanar gap (d. 2 ) of less than 0.3400 nm, and a pure graphite interplanar gap. It is close to the size of (d 002 ) (0.3354 nm). Therefore, the carbon nanofibrous material 12 has a high degree of illness.
- this fibrous nanocarbon 15 consisting of a close-packed packed layer of only carbon nanofibrils 12 has fibrous nanocarbon 15 in tubular structure. (Heat treatment at 700 ° C or less), it can be logically inferred that the inter-plane distance (d 002 ) of the nano-assembly composed of the carbon hexagonal network 11 is less than 0.3400 nm.
- a specific example regarding the production of the fibrous nanocarbon 15 having a tubular structure is as follows.
- iron or an alloy of nickel and iron (nickel content ratio (weight ratio): 30 to 70%) using iron nitrate or a mixture of nickel nitrate and iron nitrate by the same precipitation method as in the above experiment ) Is prepared.
- the prepared catalyst is reduced at 500 for 0.5 to 10 hours while flowing a mixed gas of hydrogen and helium (hydrogen partial pressure: 20%) at 100 sccm. .
- a mixed gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (hydrogen partial pressure: 10-90%) was applied at 100-200 sccm.
- the mixture is allowed to react for 0.2 to 3 hours in a temperature range of 62 to 65 ° C.
- fibrous nanocarbon 15 having a tubular structure while flowing to produce a predetermined amount (2 to 150 mg) of fibrous nanocarbon 15 having a tubular structure.
- fibrous nanocarbon 15 composed of the columnar carbon nanofibrous element group 13A is heat-treated at a temperature of 160 ° C. or more in a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere.
- the fibrous nanocarbon 15 composed of the carbon nanofiber group 13 according to the present invention has a high degree of graphitization in the columnar structure and the tubular structure even in the as-produced state, although it has sufficient properties as an artificial graphite-based highly functional material, if it is graphitized at more than 2000 ° C, it will have a high degree of graphitization in all structures including the Sugiaya structure .
- the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 160 ° C. or higher, preferably 200 ° C. or higher, more preferably 280 ° C. or higher.
- Heat treatment temperature is 1 6
- the degree of black shading will be low. Due to the heat treatment, the ends of the carbon nanofibers 12 on the carbon hexagonal network 11 on the surface of the fibrous nanocarbons 15 are two-dimensionally looped, and three-dimensionally circular or circular in cross section. It is joined into a hexagonal dome to form one unit.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a heat treatment of carbon nanofibrous material 12.
- the carbon nanofibers 12 consisting of eight layers of carbon hexagonal mesh 11 form one unit, and one unit of the carbon nanofibers 12 has a high temperature (1 (600 ° C. or higher), the end faces of the carbon nanofibers 12 composed of carbon hexagonal mesh surfaces 11 are joined to form a dome-shaped graphitized carbon nanofibers group 1 3 is formed.
- a plurality of the graphitized carbon nanofibers 13 are laminated to form fibrous nanocarbons 15.
- FIG. 21 shows the transmission electron beam of the high-resolution transmission electron microscope after the carbon nanofiber group 13A constituting the fibrous nanocarbon 15 This is a picture taken with changing the angle of (-30 degrees, 0 degrees, +30 degrees).
- Figures 23 to 25 show the results obtained by changing the angle of the transmission electron beam of the fibrous nanocarbon 15 shown in Fig. 22 (magnification 150,000 times) using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (130 degrees).
- Figures 23), 0 degrees (Fig. 24), +30 degrees (Fig. 25)) These are photographs (magnification: 600,000).
- Figures 26 to 28 are enlarged photographs (magnification: 320,000 times) of Figures 23 to 25.
- Figure 26 shows -30 degrees
- Figure 27 shows 0 degrees
- FIG. 28 shows +30 degrees each.
- Figure 29 is a high-resolution scanning tunneling electron microscope (STM) photograph of three types of fibrous nanocarbon 15 before and after high-temperature heat treatment.
- the (10) plane (100, 110 plane) consisting of the carbon hexagonal mesh plane 11 cannot be theoretically observed with a scanning tunneling electron microscope, so the end face cannot be observed at high magnification.
- carbon nanofibrous material 12 was observed in all photographs of fibrous nanocarbon 15 before the three types of heat treatment. It can be confirmed that it becomes 5.
- Fig. 30 (a) to (c) show the carbon nanofiber group 1 in a state of manufacturing (produced at 600 ° C using an iron catalyst) constituting fibrous nanocarbon 15 having a columnar structure. It is a high-resolution transmission electron microscope photograph of the structure after high-temperature treatment at 3 A, 2000 ° C., and 2800 ° C., respectively.
- FIG. 31 shows Raman scattering spectra before and after heat treatment of fibrous nanocarbon 15 comprising columnar carbon nanofiber group 13A. Recent studies show that carbon The peak at 1350 cm- 1 in the Raman scattering spectrum of the sample is sensitive not only to the quantity of amorphous carbon but also to the quantity of the edge face (Edge face; 10 face) of the carbon hexagonal nano-net 11 It is clear that it represents.
- the fibrous nanocarbon 15 having a columnar structure does not show much difference between before and after graphitization.
- the peak near 135 cm- 1 was markedly increased by heat treatment at more than 2000 ° C. You can see that it is getting smaller.
- the fibrous nanocarbon 15 made of the carbon nanofibrous material 12 according to the present invention has a high degree of graphitization in the columnar structure and the tubular structure, and thus has high conductivity.
- It is suitable as a (heat and electricity) feeler, and is expected to be used as an electrode material for lithium secondary batteries, as an electromagnetic wave shielding material, or as a catalyst carrier for fuel cells and organic reactions, taking advantage of its high degree of blackening.
- it since it has a high surface area in the Feather structure, it can be expected as a supercapacitor electrode material, a methane and hydrogen storage material, a desulfurization of SOx and the like, and a denitration material of N • x and the like.
- FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a device for producing fibrous nanocarbon.
- the apparatus 100 for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the present embodiment reacts a carbon raw material 106 in a high-temperature fluidized bed using a catalyst, A device for producing 15 in which a carrier carrying a catalyst is bound via a binder.
- a fluidized bed reactor 103 equipped with a heating means 102 for heating the inside while filling the fluidized catalyst / catalyst 101 formed as described above, and the fluidized bed reactor 103 (inert gas containing H 2 or H 2, or CO, etc.) reducing gas within the 1 0 4 first gas supply means 1 0 5 supplies, in contact with the catalyst serves fluidized material 1 0 1 fibrous
- a carbon raw material supply means 107 for supplying a carbon raw material 106 for producing nanocarbons 15 in a gaseous state to the fluidized bed reactor 103, and an inert gas 108 containing no carbon And second gas supply means 109 for supplying the gas into the above-mentioned fluidized bed reactor 103 and the gas G and the fibrous nanocarbon 15 obtained from the fluidized bed reactor 103
- a discharge line 111 for discharging the particles 110.
- the fluidized-bed reactor 103 is formed of a fluidized-bed portion 103A forming a fluidized-bed, and a free-ported portion 103B communicated with an upper portion of the fluidized-bed portion 103A.
- the reaction type of the fluidized bed includes a bubble type fluidized bed type and a jet type fluidized bed type, and the present invention may use any type.
- the free board section 103B preferably has a larger flow path cross-sectional area than the fluidized bed section 103A.
- the gas discharge line 111 is provided with a particle collecting means 112 for collecting the scattered particles 110.
- the collecting means 112 include a means for collecting or collecting particles such as a cycle filter.
- the cyclone separates the scattered particles 110 contained in the gas G by centrifugal force, and collects the scattered particles 110 containing the separated fibrous nanocarbons 15 from the bottom of the cycle mouth or the like. be able to.
- the fluidized material forming the fluidized bed is not a fluidized material such as general silica sand or alumina, but a fluidized material for catalyst 101. Then, in the present embodiment, after the catalyst / fluid material 101 forms a fluidized bed and the carbon raw material 106 is supplied to produce the fibrous nano carbon 15, as described later, The moving material 101 is pulverized to lose its function as a fluid material, and the fibrous nanocarbon 15 grown on the catalyst can be easily collected.
- the fluidized bed The catalyst / fluid material 10 1 (catalyst) is uniformly present, the contact efficiency with the carbon raw material 106 is improved, a uniform reaction can be performed, and the fibrous nanocarbon 1 grown on the catalyst 1 For the recovery of 5, improve the separation efficiency of fibrous nanocarbon 15 grown on each catalyst by dividing catalyst fluidized material 101 into discrete units to form constituent units or their aggregate units. Thus, fibrous nanocarbon 15 having uniform properties can be easily obtained.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing the production of the fluidized catalyst / catalyst 101 and the process of producing fibrous nanocarbon 15 from the carbon raw material 1 ⁇ 6 using the fluidized fluid 101.
- catalyst-use fluid material 101 formed by bonding carrier 122 carrying metal catalyst 122 through binder 123 is used as fluid material.
- a second gas that supplies an inert gas 108 that does not contain carbon and deactivates the flow function of the catalyst / fluid material 101.
- a supply step is a first gas supply step of supplying a reducing gas 104, and (2) a carbon raw material 106 supplied in a gaseous state, in the presence of a catalyst 121 of the above-mentioned fluid 1101, which also serves as a catalyst.
- a second gas
- the catalyst / fluid material 101 according to the present invention is obtained by binding a carrier 122 carrying a catalyst 121 with a binder 123. It is something.
- the catalyst / fluid material 101 is shown only by the outline.
- the catalyst 1 2 1 When the catalyst 1 2 1 is supported on the carrier 1 22, the catalyst 1 2 1 is supported on the carrier 1 2 in a finer state, so that the fibrous nano carbon 1 1 Since the fiber diameter of 5 can be made finer, for example, by controlling various conditions such as the concentration of the catalyst metal nitrate, the type of surfactant to be added, and drying conditions, the fine catalyst 1 2 1 can be formed. It can be carried on a carrier 122.
- the smaller the initial particle size the more the degree of fineness proceeds.
- the miniaturization of is important. For example, when the particle size of the initially supported catalyst 122 is 100 nm, the refining is 100 nm, and when the particle size of the initial supported catalyst 121 is 100 nm. The size can be reduced to 1 nm.
- the obtained fluidized catalyst / catalyst 101 was filled in a fluidized bed reactor 103, and reduced gas was supplied from a first gas supply means 105.
- H 2 as H 4 or an inert gas containing H 2 is supplied.
- the reducing gas 104 such as H 2
- the catalyst 121 supported on the carrier 122 is converted from a nitrate form into a metal, and the function as the catalyst 122 is exhibited.
- the carbon raw material 106 is supplied in a gaseous state, and fibrous nanocarbon 15 is grown on the catalyst 122.
- an inert gas 108 is separately introduced into the fluidized bed reactor 103 so that predetermined fluid conditions are obtained.
- the carbon raw material 106 may be any compound as long as it is a compound containing carbon, for example, alkanes such as methane, ethane, propane and hexane; unsaturated organic compounds such as ethylene, propylene and acetylene; Examples include aromatic compounds such as benzene and toluene, and petroleum and coal (including coal conversion gas), but the present invention is not limited to these.
- the fibrous nanocarbon 15 is generated and proceeds from the catalyst 121 of the fluid material 101 serving as a catalyst. For this reason, in order to obtain a finer fibrous nano carbon 15, in at least one of the first gas supply step, the carbon supply step, and the fibrous nano carbon generation step, hydrogen (H 2 ) By reducing the reducing gas 104 such as carbon monoxide (CO), the catalyst 121 is finer when the catalyst 121 supported on the carrier 122 is metallized. What should I do?
- the size of the catalyst 122 when the initial particle size of the catalyst 122 is, for example, about 100 nm, the size can be reduced to about 1 nm by the size reduction. Therefore, in each of the above steps (the first gas supply step, the carbon supply step, and the fibrous nanocarbon generation step), the fibrous state obtained by adjusting various conditions such as the reducing gas 104 and the temperature is adjusted. Fiber diameter of nano carbon 15 ⁇ fiber structure can be controlled. Thereafter, when the reaction is completed, as shown in FIG. 33 (e), an inert gas 108 containing no carbon is supplied, and the inside of the fluidized bed reactor 103 is reacted by the heating means 102.
- the binder 123 forming the catalyst-use fluidized material 101 is decomposed by thermal decomposition or the like, and the particle size of the fluidized material 101 is reduced to be finer. By doing so, the function as a fluid material is lost.
- the fibrous nanocarbon 15 can be separated from the catalyst 121 or the carrier 122 by, for example, eliminating the catalyst 121 or the carrier 122 in the grown root part. An example of this separation is shown in FIG.
- the catalyst / fluid material 101 has an average particle size of 0.2 to 2 Omm so as to exhibit a good fluidity function in the fluidized bed reactor 103. This is because by setting the average particle size of the catalyst / fluid material 101 within the above range, the fluidized bed reactor 103 can be vigorously stirred in the fluidized bed reactor 103, and as a result, a uniform reaction field can be formed. Because you can.
- the catalyst / fluid material 101 can be prepared by a conventional granulation method (for example, a rotary pan granulation method, a rotating drum granulation method, a fluidized bed granulation method, etc., or a compression granulation method).
- Granulation method forced granulation method such as extrusion granulation method, etc.
- the flow rate in the fluidized bed reactor 103 is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 0.2 mZs when the particle size of the catalyst / fluid material 101 is 0.2 mm. This is because, as shown in FIGS. 35 and 36, when the flow velocity is less than 0.02 m / s, the fluidization of the catalyst / fluid material 101 does not take place and does not function as a fluidized bed. When the flow rate exceeds 0.2 m / s, the fluidized material 101 scatters out of the fluidized bed reactor 103 and the reaction time cannot be controlled, which is not preferable.
- the superficial velocity of the fluidized bed may vary from 2 to 8 times the fluidization start velocity (Umf) of the fluid medium to be used, depending on various conditions such as the raw materials and additives used. Different optimum values may be selected and set. In other words, the superficial superficial velocity is set to a gas flow velocity 2 to 8 times larger than the fluidization start velocity. This superficial velocity is maintained at a selected optimum value mainly by controlling the amount of gas supplied from the inert gas supply means.
- the contact reaction temperature between the catalyst 121 of the catalyst fluidized material 101 and the carbon raw material 106 is 300 to 130 ° C.
- the pressure is between 0.1 and 25 atm. This is because if the temperature and the pressure are outside the above ranges, good fibrous nanocarbon 15 cannot be produced.
- the carbon raw material 106 was brought into contact with the catalyst 121 of the fluidizing material 101 for a certain period of time in a reducing gas 104 at a hydrogen partial pressure of 0 to 90%, We are trying to obtain fibrous nano carbon 15.
- H 2 is supplied in order to further promote the growth of fibrous nanocarbon 15 that grows on catalyst 121 of catalyst / fluid material 101.
- hydrogen in the supplied carbon raw material 106 can be used.
- various conditions such as temperature, pressure, time, and gas atmosphere may be independently controlled. Good. Specifically, for example, when the reduction and refinement of the catalyst 121 is performed in the first reducing gas supply step, the temperature is set lower than the production condition of the fibrous nanocarbon 15 in the carbon raw material supply step. May be.
- the catalyst / fluid material 101 is constituted by a catalyst 122 supported on the surface of a carrier 122 or an aggregate thereof.
- the carrier 122 has a particle size of about 4011 m, but is not particularly limited.
- the above-mentioned aggregate refers to one in which several carriers 122 self-aggregate to have an average particle size of about 100 to 200 nm.
- the material of the carrier 122 for example, carbon black (CB), alumina (A l 2 0 3), silica (S i), Kei sand (S i 0 2), and the like ⁇ Honoré amino silicates such
- the material is not limited to these as long as it has a function of supporting the catalyst 121.
- the carrier 122 preferably has an average particle size of 200 m or less.
- the carrier 122 or the aggregate thereof formed by carrying the catalyst 121 on the surface thereof is combined with the binder 123 to form a combined fluidized material 101 having an average particle diameter of 0.2 'and 2 to 20 mm.
- the catalyst 121 examples include Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Mo, and a mixture of at least two or more thereof, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- a car pump rack is put into an aqueous solution of iron nitrate or iron acetate, and the surface of the car pump rack is put on the surface. Fe may be carried.
- the catalyst 121 is supported on the surface 122a and the pores 122b of the support 122.
- the binder 123 include a polymer adhesive, an inorganic adhesive, and other materials having a binding action.
- polymer-based adhesive examples include phenol-based resin (maximum operating temperature: ⁇
- urea-based resin maximum operating temperature: up to 288 ° C
- epoxy-based resin maximum operating temperature: up to 288 ° C
- polyimide-based resin maximum operating temperature: up to 3 4
- a binder made of a thermosetting polymer material such as 9 ° C. This is because, as described later, in the fluidized bed reactor 103, the carbon raw material 106 is supplied at a high temperature (300 ° C. or higher) to produce the fibrous nano carbon 15, This is because reflow (melting) in a high temperature state can be suppressed.
- the inorganic adhesive for example, it can be mentioned S i 0 2, A 1 2 0 3 , etc., the present invention is not limited thereto.
- binding materials having a binding action examples include tars, heavy oil, and the like, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- fibrous nanocarbon 15 is produced at about 480 ° C., and thereafter, an inert gas 108 containing no carbon is supplied, and heating means 10
- the binder 123 is thermally decomposed by heating at a stroke to about 800 ° C. by means of 2 so that the catalyst / fluid material 101 is subdivided into the unit of the carrier 122.
- thermal decomposition is considered to proceed somewhat, but under the condition without oxygen, it is considered that coking and carbon sintering actually proceed along with thermal decomposition.
- gasification with H 2 or combustion treatment in an environment where fibrous nanocarbon 15 does not burn may be performed at 800 ° C. or higher.
- the above tars can be gasified and removed with H 2 , CO or the like at a temperature of 800 ° C. or more.
- FIG. 37 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon.
- the apparatus 200 for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to the present embodiment is different from the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in that the fluid material 101 is flowed so as to be able to flow continuously.
- the inside of the fluidized bed section 103 of the fluidized bed reactor 103 is divided into three to form the first to third fluidized chambers 203A-1, 203A-2, 203A-3.
- the first fluid chamber 2 0 3 A-1 is reduced
- a first gas supply means 105 for supplying gas 104 is provided, and a carbon material supply means 107 for supplying carbon material 106 is provided in the second fluid chamber 203 A-2.
- the flow chamber 203 A-3 is provided with a second gas supply means 109 for supplying an inert gas 108 containing no carbon.
- a plurality of partition plates 202 which are vertically and vertically suspended, are alternately provided in the fluidized bed reactor 103, so that the inside is formed while forming the fluidized bed.
- the second fluid chamber is 203 A—2, and the eighth chamber 203 A—38 and the ninth room 203 A—39 are third fluid chambers 203 A—3.
- the free board section 103B is common.
- a fluidized material supply means 204 for supplying a fluidized material for catalyst 101 to the first fluidized chamber 203A-1 is provided, and the fluidized material for catalyst 101 is sequentially provided. I am trying to supply. Thereby, it can be manufactured continuously.
- the first fluidized chamber 203A-1 stays for 7 hours, and the second fluidized chamber 203A-2
- the position of the partition plate 202 and the volume in each chamber so that the residence time of one hour and the residence time of the third fluid chamber 203 A-3 can be one hour, the fluid material for catalyst 1 01 is allowed to stay in each room at any time.
- the reducing gas 106 is supplied, so that the catalyst function of the catalyst-fluid material 101 is exhibited, and the second fluid chamber 203A-2 In this process, by supplying a carbon raw material gas 106, it is brought into contact with a catalyst-use fluid material 101 exhibiting a catalytic function to produce efficient fibrous nanocarbon 15;
- the inert gas 108 containing no carbon is supplied and By raising the temperature higher than the reaction temperature, the catalyst function of the catalyst / fluid material 101 is lost and it is finely divided into pieces, and scattered together with the gas G as scattered particles 110 with a particle size of 40 to 100 nm. And collect them.
- the catalyst and fluidizing material 101 that does not scatter is recovered by a separate recovery means.
- a fluidized bed reactor comprising a first fluidized chamber and a second fluidized chamber to constitute a fluidized bed portion; and a fluidized bed reaction comprising a fluidized bed portion comprising the third fluidized chamber from the third fluidized chamber. It is also possible to provide a container.
- FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon. As shown in FIG. 38, in the present embodiment, the fluidized-bed reactor 103 has each independent function and can be manufactured continuously.
- the apparatus 300 for producing fibrous nanocarbon reacts a carbon raw material 106 in a high-temperature fluidized bed using a catalyst
- This is a device for producing 15 which is filled with a catalyst / fluid material 101, provided with a heating means 102 for heating the inside, and supplies a reducing gas (H 2 or CO) 104
- a first fluidized bed reactor 301 having a first gas supply means 105 to be transferred, and a transfer means 3002 for transferring a catalyst / fluidized material 101 from the first fluidized bed reactor 310
- a carbon raw material supply means 107 for supplying a carbon raw material 106 for producing fibrous nanocarbon 15 in a gaseous state by bringing the raw material into contact with the catalyst / fluid 3 ⁇ 4 ′′ 101.
- the first fluidized-bed reactor 301, the second fluidized-bed reactor 303, and the third fluidized-bed reactor 304 are provided with a fluidized-bed portion 3 as in the first embodiment. It is configured to include 0 1 A, 3 0 3 A, 3 0 5 and free port sections 3 0 1 8, 3 0 3 B, 3 0 5 B, respectively.
- the reducing gas 106 is supplied, so that the catalyst function of the catalyst-fluidized material 101 is exhibited.
- the mixture is supplied to the second fluidized bed reactor 303 by a transfer means 302 such as a gas stream.
- the second fluidized bed reactor 303 by supplying the carbon raw material gas 106, it is brought into contact with the catalyst-use fluidized material 101 exhibiting the catalytic function, thereby achieving efficient fibrous nanocarbon. Produce 1-5.
- the liquid is supplied to the third fluidized bed reactor 305 by a transfer means 304 such as a gas stream.
- the inert gas 108 containing no carbon is supplied and the temperature is made higher than the reaction temperature, so that the catalytic function of the fluid material 101 also serves as a catalyst. It is made to be finely disintegrated and disintegrated, and scattered particles 110 having a particle size of 40 to 100 nm are scattered and collected together with the gas G.
- fibrous nanocarbon 15 can be produced continuously.
- the non-scattering fluid material 101 is separately collected by a collecting means.
- Examples of the transfer means 302, 304 include, in addition to the above-described means such as air flow transfer, means for cutting out and using a feeder, etc., and transfer the fluid material 101 and the like. It is not limited to this as long as it can do it. Further, according to the residence time of the fluid material 101 in each of the reactors 301, 303, and 305, the volume in the reactors 301, 303, and 305 is determined. You may change it.
- reaction conditions can be adjusted by setting the volume of the first fluidized bed reactor 301 to 7 times the volume of the second and third fluidized bed reactors 303, 305. it can.
- first to third fluidized bed reactors 30 1, 30 3, and 30 5 have the same volume, and the first fluidized bed reactors 30 1 are connected in series as seven. Is also possible.
- the throughput can be adjusted by providing a plurality of first fluidized bed reactors 301 as necessary.
- the throughput can be adjusted by providing a plurality of second fluidized bed reactors 303.
- the third fluidized bed reaction It is also possible to adjust the amount of processing by providing a plurality of containers 3 05.
- FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon. As shown in FIG. 39, in the present embodiment, in the third embodiment, two second fluidized-bed reactors 303 are provided, and it is possible to manufacture the reactor under different reaction conditions. And
- the production apparatus 400 for fibrous nanocarbon reacts carbon raw material 106 in a high-temperature fluidized bed using a catalyst
- a device for producing the catalyst fluid which is provided with a heating means 102 for heating the inside while filling the inside with the catalyst / fluid material 101 and a reducing gas (H 2 or CO) 104
- Fluidized-bed reactor having first gas supply means 105 for supplying gas to the inside
- a first-stage second fluidized bed reactor 403-1 having a carbon raw material supply means 107 for supplying a carbon raw material 106 for producing nano carbon 15 in a gaseous state, Transfer means for transferring catalyst fluidized material 101 from second fluidized bed reactor 403-1 of the first stage
- Carbon raw material supply means 10 for supplying carbon raw material 106 for producing fibrous nano carbon 15 by bringing it into contact with catalyst fluidizing material 101 in addition to containing 40 2-2
- the reaction product and the fluidized material are transferred from the second fluidized bed reactor 400-3-2 of the second stage having 7 and the second fluidized bed reactor 400-3-2 of the second stage.
- a third fluidized bed reactor 300 having a transfer means 304 and having a second gas supply means 109 for supplying an inert gas 108 containing no carbon therein; And a discharge line 111 for discharging the gas G and the scattered particles 110 from the fluidized bed reactor 300 of the present invention.
- the temperature of the heating means 102 of the second fluidized bed reactor 403-1 of the first stage is smaller than that of the second fluidized bed reactor 4032 of the second stage.
- the reaction temperature in the second fluidized bed reactor 403-1 of the first stage is increased.
- the reaction temperature in the second fluidized bed reactor 403-1 of the first stage is increased.
- the second fluidized bed in the second stage By setting the reaction temperature to 63 ° C. in the reactor 403-2, the tube-like (tubular) carbon nanofibers are placed under the feather-like carbon nanofiber group 13B.
- a composite obtained by growing fibrin group 13A can be produced (see Fig. 41).
- FIG. 42 is a schematic view of a fifth embodiment of the apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon.
- the fluidized bed portion 103 of the fluidized bed reactor 103 is provided with a high-speed fluidized bed portion.
- the fluid material 101 serving as a catalyst is vigorously stirred in A-1 so as to promote the miniaturization due to the wear of the fluid material 101 and the decrease in the binding force of the binders 123. .
- the low-speed side fluidized bed portion 503 A-2 above the fluidized bed portion 103 A is scattered.
- the flow velocity is controlled to about 0.1 m / s in order to prevent the flow rate.
- the flow velocity is set to 0.2 to 1.2 m / s. It is set to about O mZ s, and the catalyst / fluid material 101 is vigorously stirred to reduce the fluid material 101 by abrasion.
- an impingement member 501 is disposed in the high-speed fluidized bed portion 503A-1 and the catalyst and fluidizing material 101 is positively applied to the impingement member 501. It is possible to further promote miniaturization by causing collisions.
- FIG. 44 is a schematic view of an apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon according to a sixth embodiment.
- high-speed gas blowing means for blowing high-speed gas 601 from the side wall into the fluidized-bed reactor 103.
- the catalyst / fluid material 101 was vigorously stirred by the injected high-speed gas 601, Fineness due to abrasion of material 101 and decrease in bonding strength of binder 123 We are trying to promote thinning.
- N 2 gas or an inert gas is blown in as a high-speed gas 601 at a flow rate of 10 m / s from the high-speed gas blowing means 602 to vigorously agitate the catalyst / fluid material 101, Miniaturization due to wear of 101 can be achieved.
- the coarse scattered particles 110 b separated by the particle recovery means 112 a are supplied again into the fluidized bed reactor 103, they are mixed with the high-speed gas 601 by the mixing means 603.
- the coarse scattered particles 110b together with the high-speed gas 601 and blowing them the physical destructive force is improved to reduce the fineness due to the wear of the catalyst / fluid material 101 and to reduce the binding force of the binder 123. It is possible to further promote the miniaturization due to the reduction.
- the fine scattered particles 110a containing the fibrous nanocarbon 15 can be separated and recovered by the separation means 112b on the further downstream side.
- a zone having a high flow velocity is formed locally in the fluidized catalyst / catalyst 101 in the fluidized bed reactor 103, so that the fluidized material 101 Acceleration of the fluidizing material 101 with the wall surface of the reactor 103 or the collision member 503 or blowing of the high-speed gas 601 facilitates the miniaturization of the fluidizing material 101 due to wear and cracks due to collision between the fluidizing material 101 and the collision member 503.
- the recovery efficiency of fibrous nano carbon 15 is improved.
- the fibrous nano carbon 15 obtained in this way is made of transparent conductive material (conductive ink, conductive film, conductive plastic, ITO substitute, transparent electromagnetic wave shielding material, antistatic material (solar cell, mirror ), Transparent ultraviolet shielding material (for example, for cosmetics, vehicle glass coating, etc.), high-grade electric 'heat conductive materials (rollers for printers, facsimile machines, etc.)', high-grade conductive 'radiation devices, ceramic mixed materials, carbon-carbon composite materials , Battery conductive materials, etc., gas adsorption or storage materials such as methane, hydrogen storage materials, hydrogen separation materials, separation materials such as butane, capacitor electrodes, electric desalination electrodes, seawater decomposition (electrolysis tanks) oxygen electrode materials, Battery materials (lithium rechargeable batteries, NaS batteries, air rechargeable batteries, long-life alkaline battery conductive materials), FED materials, Nano-lithographic semiconductors, lead wires, MLUD I
- transparent conductive material conductive ink, conductive film,
- a first gas supply step of supplying a reducing gas by using a catalyst / fluid material obtained by binding a carrier carrying a metal catalyst via a binder as a fluid material A carbon raw material supply step of producing carbon nanofibers in the presence of a catalyst of a fluid that also serves as a catalyst, and a step of supplying a gas that does not contain carbon to lose the flow function of the fluid that also serves as a catalyst. 2), the catalyst is uniformly present in the fluidized bed, the contact efficiency with the raw material is improved, and a uniform reaction is carried out.
- the fluidizing material that also functions as a catalyst is divided into small pieces to form constituent units or aggregates of carriers, thereby improving the efficiency of separation of fibrous nanocarbon grown on each catalyst. Let me mean The catalyst can be obtained in such properties.
- Example 1 is a fibrous nanocarbon having a columnar structure.
- iron nitrate was added to 200 ml of pure water to make 4 g of iron catalyst.
- the F e 2 0 3 was prepared Te smell in the alumina boat loaded onto (length 10 mm, width 2. 5 mm, the depth 1. 5 mm (outer surface value)), an alumina tube (inner diameter 10 cm), hydrogen By performing a reduction treatment (at 480 ° C for 48 hours) while flowing a mixed gas of hydrogen and helium (hydrogen partial pressure: 10%) at 100 sccm, 4.02 g of an iron catalyst was obtained.
- the fibrous nanocarbon of Example 1 was subjected to a high-temperature heat treatment. ⁇ That is, the fibrous nanocarbon prepared in Example 1 was
- Heat treatment was performed at 000 ° C and 2800 ° C for 10 minutes.
- This example is a fibrous nanocarbon having a feather structure.
- a nickel catalyst was prepared by the precipitation method of Example 1 using nickel nitrate. Specifically, 4 to make g of a nickel catalyst, the pure water 200 meters l, nitrate - Tsu Kell (N i NO 3 ⁇ x H 2 O: Wako first grade reagent) 1 9. added 82 g Then, mix slowly and prepare a solution. Ammonia bicarbonate in the solution
- the fibrous nanocarbon of Example 3 was subjected to a high-temperature heat treatment.
- the fibrous nanocarbon prepared in Example 3 was heat-treated at 2,000 ° C. and 2800 ° C. for 10 minutes in an argon atmosphere.
- the present example is a fibrous nanocarbon having a tubular structure.
- An iron-nickel alloy catalyst was prepared by the precipitation method of Example 1 using iron nitrate and nickel nitrate.
- nitrate nickel pure water 200m 1 (N i N0 3 ⁇ xH 2 O: Wako first grade reagent) 1 1. 90 g and iron nitrate
- the prepared iron-nickel oxide was placed on an alumina boat (length: 10 mm, width: 2.5 mm, depth: 1.5 mm (outside value)), and placed in an alumina tube (inside diameter: 10 cm).
- a reduction treatment 48 hours at 480 ° C.
- a mixed gas hydrogen partial pressure: 10%
- the fibrous nanocarbon of Example 5 was subjected to a high-temperature heat treatment.
- the fibrous nanocarbon prepared in Example 5 was heat-treated at 2000 ° C and 2800 ° C for 10 minutes in an argon atmosphere.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph obtained by magnifying the image observed at a magnification of 400,000 times to 8 times
- FIG. 18 is a photograph obtained by photographing the image observed at a magnification of 400,000 times in (a) and (b).
- c) is a photograph (3.2 million times) of (b) magnified 8 times more.
- the fibrous nanocarbon obtained in Examples 1 to 6 was observed with a scanning tunneling electron microscope (Nanoscope III (DI, U.S.A.)).
- Fig. 30 is a photograph of the fibrous nanocarbon of Example 1
- FIG. 7 ( b) is a photograph observed at an angle different from that in Fig. 30 (c)
- Fig. 15 is a photograph observed at low magnification
- Fig. 29 is a photograph observed at high magnification.
- Example 1 Placed in Example 1 above precipitation methods in prepared iron catalyst 50 mg of quartz port (length 10 mm s width 2. 5 mm, the depth 1. 5 mm (outer surface value)), a quartz tube (inner diameter 4. 5 cm), reduce the mixture at 500 ° C for 2 hours while flowing a mixed gas of hydrogen and helium (hydrogen partial pressure: 20%) at 100 sccm. Thereafter, the reaction was carried out at a temperature of 580 ° C for 60 minutes while flowing carbon monoxide gas at 100 sccm, but the production of fibrous nanocarbon was not completed.
- quartz port length 10 mm s width 2. 5 mm, the depth 1. 5 mm (outer surface value)
- a quartz tube inner diameter 4. 5 cm
- Example 1 50 mg of the nickel catalyst prepared by the precipitation method of Example 1 above was placed on a quartz boat (length: 10 mm, width: 2.5 mm, depth: 1.5 mm (outer surface value)), and a quartz tube (with an inner diameter of 4 mm) was used. 5 cm), reduce the mixture at 500 ° C for 2 hours while flowing a mixed gas of hydrogen and helium (hydrogen partial pressure: 20%) at 100 sccm. After that, the mixture was reacted at a temperature of 580 ° C for 60 minutes while flowing a mixed gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (hydrogen partial pressure: 20%) at 100 sccm, but failed to produce fibrous nanocarbon.
- a quartz boat length: 10 mm, width: 2.5 mm, depth: 1.5 mm (outer surface value)
- a quartz tube with an inner diameter of 4 mm
- Example 5 50 mg of the nickel catalyst prepared by the precipitation method of Example 1 above was placed on a quartz boat (length: 10 mm, width: 2.5 mm, depth: 1.5 mm (outside value)), and a quartz tube (with an inner diameter of 4.5 mm) was used. cm), a mixture of hydrogen and helium (hydrogen partial pressure: 20%) is passed at 100 sccm and reduced at 450 ° C for 2 hours. Thereafter, a mixed gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (hydrogen partial pressure: 20%) was flowed at 100 sccm at 580 ° C. At 60 ° C for 60 minutes, but failed to produce fibrous nanocarbon. ⁇ Comparative Example 5 >>
- Example 1 50 mg of the nickel catalyst prepared by the precipitation method of Example 1 above was placed in a quartz boat (length: 10 mm, width: 2.5 mm, depth: 1.5 mm (outer surface value)), and a quartz tube (inner diameter) was used. (4.5 cm) in a mixed gas of hydrogen and helium (hydrogen partial pressure: 20%) at a flow rate of 100 sccm and reduced at 500 ° C for 2 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was reacted at a temperature of 680 ° C for 60 minutes while flowing a mixed gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (hydrogen partial pressure: 20%) at 100 sccm, but failed to produce fibrous nanocarbon.
- a mixed gas of hydrogen and helium hydrogen partial pressure: 20%
- the carrier was loaded with 5% of the above catalyst.
- a phenolic resin-based polymer adhesive maximum operating temperature: up to 360 ° C
- a fluid that doubles as a catalyst was granulated.
- the catalyst was activated by the first gas supply using H 2 / He (20/80) and pre-treated for 7 hours. Next, ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) was used as the carbon raw material, C 2 H 4 / H 2 (4/1) was supplied, and reacted for 1 hour in a fluidized bed reactor at 480 ° C. Manufactured. After the production of the fibrous nanocarbon, in a H 2 ZHe (20/80) atmosphere, the temperature was raised to thermally decompose the binder, to make the catalyst / fluidizing material finer, to be scattered, and to be recovered by the recovery means.
- FIG. Figure 46 (a) is 10,000 times and the scale size is 1 im.
- Fig. 46 (b) is a magnification of 100,000 times, and the size of the scan is 1 nm.
- FIG. Figure 47 (a) is 10,000 times and the scale size is 1 im.
- Fig. 47 (b) is a 50,000-fold scale, and the size of the scan is 100 nm.
- a fibrous nanocarbon was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Fe—Ni (8/2) was used as the catalyst.
- FIG. 48 shows a micrograph of the obtained fibrous nanocarbon.
- Fig. 48 (a) is 10,000 times, and the scale size is 1 // m.
- Figure 48 (b) is a 100,000-fold scale with a scale size of 1 nm. Industrial potential
- the carbon nanofibrous material and the fibrous nanocarbon according to the present invention have a high degree of graphitization or a high surface area, high-performance materials (resin, metal, ceramitas, carbon-reinforced material, heat-radiating material) Materials, catalyst carriers, gas adsorption, composite materials for living organisms, etc.).
- high capacity can be exhibited in hydrogen storage and adsorption / desorption, lithium storage and adsorption / desorption, catalytic action, nitrogen oxide adsorption, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
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EP03774132A EP1686203B1 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2003-11-21 | Carbon nano fibrous rod and fibrous nano carbon, and method and apparatus for preparing fibrous nano carbon |
DE60333874T DE60333874D1 (de) | 2003-11-21 | 2003-11-21 | Kohlenstoffnanofaserstab und faserförmiger nanokohlenstoff sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von faserförmigem nanokohlenstoff |
US10/537,151 US7700065B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2003-11-21 | Carbon nano-fibrous rod, fibrous nanocarbon, and method and apparatus for producing fibrous nanocarbon |
AT03774132T ATE478181T1 (de) | 2003-11-21 | 2003-11-21 | Kohlenstoffnanofaserstab und faserförmiger nanokohlenstoff sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von faserförmigem nanokohlenstoff |
PCT/JP2003/014892 WO2005049900A1 (ja) | 2003-11-21 | 2003-11-21 | 炭素ナノ繊維素及び繊維状ナノ炭素並びに繊維状ナノ炭素の製造方法及びその装置 |
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US4855091A (en) * | 1985-04-15 | 1989-08-08 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for the preparation of carbon filaments |
US5830326A (en) * | 1991-10-31 | 1998-11-03 | Nec Corporation | Graphite filaments having tubular structure and method of forming the same |
US20020058139A1 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-16 | Showa Denko K.K. | Fine carbon fiber and method for producing the same |
JP2003146635A (ja) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-05-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | カーボンナノ材料製造方法、カーボンナノ材料製造装置及びカーボンナノ材料製造設備 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114835111A (zh) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-02 | 中北大学 | 一种纳米螺旋石墨纤维材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN114835111B (zh) * | 2022-05-30 | 2024-04-30 | 中北大学 | 一种纳米螺旋石墨纤维材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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EP1686203A1 (en) | 2006-08-02 |
EP1686203B1 (en) | 2010-08-18 |
DE60333874D1 (de) | 2010-09-30 |
US7700065B2 (en) | 2010-04-20 |
US20060057054A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
ATE478181T1 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
EP1686203A4 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
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