TW202003505A - 甲基修飾酵素之調節劑、其組成物及用途 - Google Patents
甲基修飾酵素之調節劑、其組成物及用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202003505A TW202003505A TW108113388A TW108113388A TW202003505A TW 202003505 A TW202003505 A TW 202003505A TW 108113388 A TW108113388 A TW 108113388A TW 108113388 A TW108113388 A TW 108113388A TW 202003505 A TW202003505 A TW 202003505A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/443—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with oxygen as a ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本發明係提供新穎的式(I
)化合物:
Description
真核染色質由稱為核小體之巨分子複合體構成。核小體具有圍繞一個蛋白質八聚體纏繞的147個DNA鹼基對,該蛋白質八聚體具有組蛋白H2A、H2B、H3及H4中之每一者的兩個次單元。組蛋白經受轉譯後修飾,該等修飾隨後影響染色質結構及基因表現。在組蛋白上發現的一類轉譯後修飾為離胺酸及精胺酸殘基之甲基化。組蛋白甲基化在調控真核生物中之基因表現中起關鍵作用。甲基化影響染色質結構且已與轉錄之活化及抑制兩者相關聯(Zhang及Reinberg, Genes Dev. 15:2343-2360, 2001)。催化甲基與組蛋白之附接及移除的酵素牽涉在基因沉默、胚胎發育、細胞增殖及其他過程中。
其中一種組蛋白甲基化酶類別的特徵為其存有一個包括約130個胺基酸之SET結構域。EZH2為含有甲基化酶之人類SET結構域的一個實例。EZH2係與EED (胚胎外胚層發育;Embryonic Ectoderm Development)及SUZ12 (zeste 12同源物之抑制因子)相關聯,以形成一個具有在離胺酸27處使組蛋白H3三甲基化之能力的複合物(稱為多梳家族抑制複合物2 (Polycomb Group Repressive Complex 2;PRC2))(Cao及Zhang, Mol. Cell 15:57-67, 2004)。PRC2複合物亦可包含RBAP46及RBAP48次單元。另一個實例為相關的甲基化酶EZH1。
多個在各種不同癌症類型中的研究已顯示EZH2之致癌活性。約15-20%的生長中心型瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(GCB-DLBCL)在EZH2 (Y641殘基)帶有功能獲得型突變,且這些細胞在活體內及活體外對於EZH2的抑制皆具高度敏感性(McCabe 等人, 2012; Bradley 等人, 2014)。在細胞株實驗中,EZH2之過度表現誘導細胞侵襲、軟瓊脂中之生長及活動性,而EZH2之阻斷基因表現抑制細胞增殖及細胞侵襲(Kleer等人, 2003, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 100:11606‑11611; Varambally等人, (2002), “The polycomb group protein EZH2 is involved in progression of prostate cancer,” Nature 419, 624‑629)。已顯示EZH2抑制若干腫瘤抑制因子之表現,其中尤其包括E-鈣黏素、DAB2IP及RUNX3。在異種移植物模型中,EZH2阻斷基因表現抑制腫瘤生長及癌轉移。已顯示在鼠類模型中向下調節EZH2阻斷前列腺癌症癌轉移(Min等人, “An oncogene‑tumor suppressor cascade drives metastatic prostate cancer by coordinately activating Ras and nuclear factor‑ kappaB,” Nat Med. 2010年3月; 16(3):286‑94)。最近已顯現出EZH2會在神經內分泌的腫瘤中過度表現,且在小鼠腫瘤中抑制EZH2會恢復其雄激素依存性(Ku等人, Science, 355, 2017)。EZH2的過度表現係與某些癌症(諸如乳癌)之侵襲性相關(Kleer等人, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 100:11606‑11611, 2003)。近期研究亦提出前列腺癌症特異性致癌融合基因TMPRSS2-ERG係經由直接活化EZH2來誘導抑制性表觀遺傳程序(Yu等人, “An Integrated Network of Androgen Receptor, Polycomb, and TMPRSS2‑ERG Gene Fusions in Prostate Cancer Progression,” Cancer Cell. 2010年5月18日; 17(5):443‑454)。
鑒於其在調控不同生物過程中之作用,甲基修飾酵素(尤其是EZH2及其突變體形式)為具吸引力之用於調節的目標。
目前已發現本文所述化合物及其醫藥學上可接受之組成物可調節EZH2的活性(參見表 5
)。這類化合物包含了具有結構式I
之化合物:(I
);
或其醫藥學上可接受的鹽,其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
及X中之每一者係如本文所定義。
在一態樣中,亦已發現到本文所述某些化合物會增加駐留時間(例如> 100小時)且增進滲透性。已發現到駐留時間的增加(即較慢的解離速率)及/或滲透性的增加與提高細胞效能提高有相關性。
所揭露之化合物、醫藥學上可接受的鹽、及醫藥學上可接受的組成物係有用於治療多種與甲基修飾酵素相關之病狀。這些病狀包含(例如)一或多種癌症。
[相關申請案]
本申請案主張2018年4月18日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第62/659,408號之優先權權益,其全部內容係以引用方式併入本文中。 1. 化合物的概述
本發明提供了式I
化合物:(I
);
或其醫藥學上可接受的鹽,其中:
R1
為鹵基、-S(C1
-C4
)烷基、-S(C3
-C7
)環烷基或–S[鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基];
X為CH或N;
R2
為氫、鹵基、(C1
-C4
)烷基或鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基;
R3
為鹵基、(C1
-C4
)烷基或鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基;
R4
為(C3
-C7
)環烷基或4-7員雜環基,其每一者視情況經1至3個選自以下之基團取代:鹵基、(C1
-C4
)烷基、鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基、(C1
-C4
)烷氧基、鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷氧基及-NRa
Rb
;
Ra
為氫、(C1
-C4
)烷基或鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基;
Rb
為(C1
-C4
)烷基、鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基或4-7員雜環基,其中所述雜環基視情況經1至3個選自以下之基團取代:鹵基、(C1
-C4
)烷基、鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基、(C1
-C4
)烷氧基及鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷氧基;或
Ra
及Rb
連同其所連接之氮原子一起形成4至7員雜環基,該4至7員雜環基視情況經1至3個選自以下之基團取代:鹵基、(C1
-C4
)烷基、鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基及-ORc
;
Rc
為(C1
-C4
)烷基、鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基或(C3
-C7
)環烷基;以及
R5
為鹵基、(C1
-C4
)烷基或鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基。 2. 定義
當用於描述可具有多個連接點之化學基團時,連字符(-)指示該基團與所定義之變數的連接點。舉例而言,-S(C3
-C7
)環烷基及–S[鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基]意謂用於此基團之連接點在硫原子上。
如本文所用,術語「鹵基」及「鹵素」係指選自氟(氟基,‑F)、氯(氯基,‑Cl)、溴(溴基,‑Br)及碘(碘基,‑I)之原子。
如本文所用,術語「烷基」係指單價飽和直鏈或分支鏈烴基,除非另有指定,其具有1至10個碳原子。烷基之實例包含(但不限於)甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第二戊基、異戊基、第三丁基、正戊基、新戊基、正己基、第二己基及其類似物。
術語「鹵烷基」包括單鹵烷基、聚鹵烷基及全鹵烷基,其中鹵素獨立地選自氟、氯、溴及碘。
「烷氧基」為經由氧連接子(–O(烷基))連接到另一個部分之烷基。非限制性實例包含甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基及丁氧基。
「鹵烷氧基」為經由氧原子連接到另一個部分之鹵烷基,諸如(例如)但不限於–OCHCF2
或–OCF3
。
術語「環烷基」係指3至12員(例如3至7員)之單環、雙環(例如橋接雙環或螺雙環)或多環(例如三環)的完全飽和烴基環系統。單環環烷基包含(但不限於)環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基及環辛基。橋接雙環環烷基包含(但不限於)雙環[3.2.1]辛烷、雙環[2.2.1]庚烷、雙環[3.1.0]己烷、雙環[1.1.1]戊烷等。螺雙環環烷基包含(例如)螺[3.6]癸烷、螺[4.5]癸烷等。稠合環烷基環包括例如十氫化萘,八氫十五烯(octahydropentalene)等。當在指定為視情況經取代或經取代的情況下,環烷基上的取代基(例如,就視情況經取代的環烷基而言)可存於任何可取代的位置(且包含(例如)連接該環烷基的位置)。
術語「雜環基」意指含1至4個獨立地選自N、O及S之雜原子之3-12 員(例如,4-、5-、6-及7員)飽和或部分不飽和雜環。其可係單環、雙環(例如,橋接雙環、稠合雙環或螺雙環)或三環。本文中之術語「雜環」、「雜環基(heterocyclyl)」、「雜環基環」、「雜環基(heterocyclic group)」、「雜環基團(heterocyclic moiety)」及「雜環基(heterocyclic radical)」可互換使用。雜環基環可在任何導致穩定結構之雜原子或碳原子處與其側基連接。該等飽和或部分不飽和雜環基之實例包括(但不限於)四氫呋喃基、四氫噻吩基、四氫哌喃基、吡咯啶基、吡啶酮基、吡咯啶酮基、哌啶基、噁唑啶基、哌嗪基、二氧雜環己烷基、二氧雜環戊烷基、嗎啉基、二氫呋喃基、二氫哌喃基、二氫吡啶基、四氫吡啶基、二氫嘧啶基、氧雜丁環基、氮雜環丁基及四氫嘧啶基。雜環基可為單環雜環基或雙環雜環基。術語「雜環基」亦包含(例如)稠合至另一不飽和雜環基或芳基或雜芳基環(諸如(例如)四氫萘啶、吲哚啉酮、二氫吡咯并三唑、咪唑并嘧啶、喹啉酮及二氧雜螺癸烷)之不飽和雜環基。當在指定為視情況經取代或經取代的情況下,雜環基上的取代基(例如,就視情況經取代的雜環基而言)可存於任何可取代的位置(且包含(例如)連接該雜環基的位置)。
術語「螺環」係指共享一個環原子(例如碳)的兩個環。
術語「稠合」係指與彼此共享兩個相鄰環原子的兩個環。
術語「橋接」係指與彼此共享三或多個環原子之兩個環。
如本文所用,「幾何異構物」是指取代基原子相對於環烷基環取向不同的異構物,即順式或反式異構物。當公開的化合物由結構命名或繪示而未指示特定的順式或反式幾何異構物形式 時,應理解該名稱或結構涵蓋不含其他幾何異構物的幾何異構物、幾何異構物的混合物、或富含一種幾何異構物(相對於該幾何異構物對應的幾何異構物)之混合物。
除非另有指定,當所揭露化合物的立體化學由結構命名或繪示時,所命名或繪示的立體異構物相對於所有其他立體異構物的純度為至少60重量%、70重量%、80重量%、90重量%、99重量%或99.9重量%。當單一鏡像異構物由結構命名或繪示時,所繪示或命名的鏡像異構物為至少60重量%、70重量%、80重量%、90重量%、99重量%或99.9重量%的光學純度。重量百分比的光學純度是該鏡像異構物重量與鏡像異構物重量加上其光學異構物重量的比率。鏡像異構物可藉由熟習此項技術者已知的方法加以解析,例如藉由形成可藉由(例如)結晶而分離之非立體異構物鹽;形成例如可藉由結晶、超臨界流體或液相層析術分離之非立體異構物衍生物或複合物;一種鏡像異構物與鏡像異構物特異性試劑之選擇性反應,例如酶催化酯化反應;或於對掌環境中的超臨界流體或液相層析術,例如在對掌載體(例如結合有對掌配位子之二氧化矽)上,或於對掌溶劑存在下進行。特定立體異構物亦可使用光學活性試劑、基質、催化劑或溶劑進行非對稱性合成,或經由將一種立體異構物藉非對稱性轉換而轉變成另一種立體異構物合成。
除非另有指定,當揭露的化合物通過結構命名或繪示而沒有指示立體化學,且該化合物具有至少一個掌性中心或至少一幾何異構物或此二者時,該名稱或結構係涵蓋該化合物的一種鏡像異構物或幾何異構物而不含相應的光學異構物或幾何異構物,該化合物的外消旋混合物,以及富含一種鏡像異構物或幾何異構物(相對於該鏡像異構物或幾何異構物對應的光學異構物或幾何異構物)之混合物。
除非另有指定,當只有由結構繪示或命名所揭露化合物中的一些立體化學中心,相對於其餘組態,係富含所命名或繪示的組態(例如)至少60%、70%、80%、90%、99%或99.9%之莫耳過量。例如,次結構:意指在掌性碳周圍的組態在立體化學上富含R(例如,至少60%、70%、80%、90%、99%或99.9%之莫耳過量),且在環己基周圍的幾何形狀可為順式或反式或其混合。
在某些例子中,所揭露化合物係由結構繪示而沒有指示立體化學,但經識別在立體化學上具富集性(例如「單一鏡像異構物」;在不可能有幾何異構物的情況下為「單一幾何異構物」或「單一鏡像異構物」)。例如,除非另有指定,意指在掌性二氧戊環基碳周圍的組態在立體化學上富含R(例如,至少60%、70%、80%、90%、99%或99.9%之莫耳過量)或在立體化學上富含S(例如,至少60%、70%、80%、90%、99%或99.9%之莫耳過量),且在環己基環周圍的幾何組態係富含順式(例如,至少60%、70%、80%、90%、99%或99.9%之莫耳過量)或富含反式(例如,至少60%、70%、80%、90%、99%或99.9%之莫耳過量)。
如本文所用,術語「患者」意指動物,諸如哺乳動物及諸如人類。術語「個體」及「患者」可互換使用。
術語「醫藥學上可接受的載劑」係指不破壞其調配化合物之藥理學活性的無毒載劑、佐劑或媒劑。可用於本文所述組成物中之醫藥學上可接受之載劑、佐劑或媒劑包括(但不限於)離子交換劑、氧化鋁、硬脂酸鋁、卵磷脂、血清蛋白(諸如人類血清白蛋白)、緩衝物質(諸如磷酸鹽)、甘胺酸、山梨酸、山梨酸鉀、飽和植物脂肪酸之部分甘油酯混合物、水、鹽或電解質(諸如魚精蛋白硫酸鹽、磷酸氫二鈉、磷酸氫鉀、氯化鈉、鋅鹽)、膠態二氧化矽、三矽酸鎂、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、基於纖維素之物質、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纖維素鈉、聚丙烯酸酯、蠟、聚乙烯-聚氧丙烯-嵌段聚合物、聚乙二醇及羊毛脂。
術語「治療(treament、treat及treating)」係指反轉、減輕或抑制如本文所述之疾病或病症或其一種或多種症狀的進展。亦可在症狀已消除後持續治療,例如延緩其復發。
疾病、病症及病狀在本文中係可互換使用。
術語「有效量」或「治療有效量」係指本文所述化合物將引出一個體之生物或醫藥反應之數量,例如介於每天0.01 - 100 mg/kg體重之劑量。術語「個體」及「患者」可互換使用,且意指有需要治療的哺乳動物,例如伴侶動物(例如狗、貓等)、農場動物(例如牛、豬、馬、綿羊、山羊等)及實驗室動物(例如大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠等)。一般而言,該個體為需要治療的人類。
術語「抑制(inhibit、inhibition或inhibiting)」係包含生物學活性或過程的基線活性減少。
本文所述化合物可以醫藥學上可接受的鹽的形式存在。就在藥物中之用途而言,本文所述化合物的鹽係指非毒性「醫藥學上可接受的鹽」。醫藥學上可接受的鹽形式包含醫藥學上可接受之酸性/陰離子或鹼性/陽離子鹽。本文所述化合物之適宜醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽包含(例如)無機酸(諸如鹽酸、氫溴酸、磷酸、硝酸及硫酸)之鹽及有機酸(諸如乙酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、甲磺酸及對甲苯磺酸)之鹽。 3. 例示性化合物之描述
於第二實施例中,在式I
化合物中,
R1
為鹵基或-S(C1
-C4
)烷基;
R2
為鹵基;
R3
為(C1
-C4
)烷基;
R4
為(C3
-C7
)環烷基或(C4
-C7
)雜環基,其每一者視情況經視情況經1至2個選自鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基及-NRa
Rb
之基團取代;
Ra
為氫或(C1
-C4
)烷基;
Rb
為(C1
-C4
)烷基或(C4
-C7
)雜環基,其中所述雜環基視情況經鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基;或
Ra
及Rb
連同其所連接之氮原子一起形成4至7員之含氮雜環基,該4至7員含氮雜環基視情況經1至3個選自鹵基及-ORc
之基團取代;
Rc
為(C1
-C4
)烷基、鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基或(C3
-C7
)環烷基;以及
R5
為鹵基或(C1
-C4
)烷基。
於第四實施例中,於式I
或式II
化合物中的R1
為氯,其中剩餘變數係如上文關於式I
或第二實施例所述。
於第五實施例中,於式I
或式II
化合物中的R1
為–SCH3
,其中剩餘變數係如上文關於式I
或第二實施例所述。
於第六實施例中,於式I
或式II
化合物中的R4
為環己基或哌啶基,其每一者視情況經1至2個選自鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基及-NRa
Rb
之基團取代,其中剩餘變數係如上文關於式I
或第二、四或五實施例所述。
於第十一實施例中,在式I
、式II
、式V
、式VI
及式VII
化合物中的Rb
為(C1
-C4
)烷基或氧雜環丁烷基(oxatanyl),其中所述氧雜環丁烷基視情況經鹵基(C1
-C4
)烷基取代;或Ra
及Rb
連同其所連接之氮原子一起形成視情況經鹵基或-ORc
取代之氮雜環丁基,其中剩餘變數及特徵係如上文關於式I
或第二、四或五實施例所述。
於第十二實施例中,在式I
、式II
、式V
、式VI
及式VII
化合物中的Ra
為氫或甲基;且Rb
為甲基或氧雜環丁烷基,其中所述氧雜環丁烷基視情況經‑CH2
F或-CF3
取代,且其中剩餘變數及特徵係如上文關於式I
或第二、四、五或十一實施例所述。
於第十三實施例中,在式I
、式II
、式V
、式VI
及式VII
化合物中的,Ra
及Rb
連同其所連接之氮原子一起形成視情況經1至2個氟或-ORc
取代之氮雜環丁基;而Rc
為-CH3
、-CHF2
或環丙基,其中剩餘變數及特徵係如上文關於式I
或第二、四、五或十一實施例所述。
於第十四實施例中,在式I
、II
、V
、VI
及VII
中之任一者的1,3-二氧戊環基及NRa
Rb
基團的組態在環己基周圍為反式取向,其中剩餘特徵係如上文關於式I
或第二、四、五、六、十一、十二或十三實施例所述。或者,式I
、II
、V
、VI
及VII
之1,3-二氧戊環基及NRa
Rb
基團的組態在環己基周圍為順式取向,其中剩餘特徵係如上文關於式I
或第二、四、五、六、十一、十二或十三實施例所述。
於第十五實施例中,在式I
、II
、III
、IV
、V
、VI
及VII
中之任一者的1,3-二氧戊環基之掌性中心之立體化學組態為R,其中剩餘特徵係如上文關於式I
或第二、四、五、六、十一、十二、十三或十四實施例所述。或者,在式I
、II
、III
、IV
、V
、VI
及VII
中之任一者的1,3-二氧戊環基之掌性中心之立體化學組態為S,其中剩餘特徵係如上文關於式I
或第二、四、五、六、十一、十二、十三或十四實施例所述。
提供了化合物的特定實例,且包含做為本文中第十四實施例之部分。亦包含了醫藥學上可接受的鹽以及這些化合物的中性形式。於一態樣中,本揭示內容包含本文所述任何化合物的外消旋形式。 4. 用途、調配物及投藥
於一些實施例中,本揭示內容提供一種包括有本文所述化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之衍生物以及醫藥學上可接受之載劑的組成物。在所提供的組成物中之化合物之量為使得有效地可量測地調節生物樣品或患者中之組蛋白甲基修飾酶或其突變體的量。
於某些實施例中,本文所述組成物係調配用以向有需要之患者投予這類組成物。本文所述組成物可經口、非經腸、藉由吸入噴霧、局部、經直腸、經鼻、經頰、經陰道或藉助於植入式貯器而投予。如本文所用之術語「非經腸」包含皮下、靜脈內、肌肉內、關節內、滑液內、胸骨內、鞘內、肝內、病灶內及顱內注射或輸注技術。於一些實施例中,該等組成物係經口、腹膜內或靜脈內投予。本文所述組成物的無菌可注射形式可為水性或油性懸浮液。這些懸浮液可根據此項技術中已知之技術使用適合之分散劑或濕潤劑及懸浮劑來調配。
於一些實施例中,該等組成物係經口投予。
用於任何特定患者之特定劑量及治療方案將視多種因素而定,該等因素包括所採用之特定化合物的活性、年齡、體重、一般健康狀況、性別、膳食、投藥時間、排泄率、藥物組合及治療醫師之判斷及所治療之特定疾病的嚴重強度。本文所述化合物在組成物中之量亦視組成物中之特定化合物而定。
本文所述化合物及組成物一般適用於調節一或多種涉及表觀遺傳調控之酵素的活性,尤其是EZH1及EZH2,且更具體地為EZH2及其突變體形式。於一些實施例中,本文所述化合物係向下調控或抑制EZH2的活性。於一些實施例中,本文所述化合物為EZH2活性的拮抗物。於一些實施例中,本文所述化合物係向下調控或抑制EZH1的活性。於一些實施例中,本文所述化合物為EZH1活性的拮抗物。
於一些實施例中,本文所述化合物及組成物係有用於治療與EZH1或EZH2之過度表現及/或EZH2突變體形式之表現相關的疾病及/或病症,諸如該等改變EZH2受質活性的突變體形式。EZH2缺失、誤義及移碼突變之研究提出EZH2在血液病(骨髓發育不良症候群(MDS)及骨髓惡性病)中係做為腫瘤抑制因子(Ernst等人, Nat Genet. 2010年8月; 42(8):722‑6; Nikoloski等人, Nat Genet. 2010年8月; 42(8):665‑7)。於一些實施例中,本文所述化合物及組成物係有用於治療與有Y641N、Y641C、Y641F、Y641H、Y641S、A677G或A687突變之EZH2存在相關的疾病及/或病症。在此實施例的一個特別態樣中,該EZH2具有Y641N突變。
於一些實施例中,本揭示內容係提供一種治療罹患與EZH1或EZH2之過度表現及/或EZH2突變體形式之表現相關之疾病及/或病症的個體的方法,其包含投予本文所述化合物或其醫藥學上可接受的鹽或組成物之步驟。於一些實施例中,上述方法另外包括判定該個體是否過度表現EZH2或表現有EZH2之突變體形式的預先步驟。
於一些實施例中,與EZH2突變體形式的存在相關之疾病或病症為人類B細胞淋巴瘤。於一些實施例中,與Y641N EZH2的存在相關之疾病及/或病症為濾泡性淋巴瘤或瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤。於一些實施例中,本文所述化合物或組成物係有用於治療血液病症,諸如骨髓發育不良症候群、白血病、貧血及細胞減少症。Sneeringer等人, “Coordinated activities of wild‑type plus mutant EZH2 drive tumor‑associated hypertrimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27) in human B‑cell lymphomas,” Sneeringer等人, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 2010年12月; 109(48):20980-20985。
於一些實施例中,本文所述化合物及組成物係有用於治療與細胞增生相關的疾病及/或病症。於一些實施例中,本文所述化合物及組成物係有用於治療與細胞循環或DNA修復之誤調控相關的疾病及/或病症。於一些實施例中,本文所述化合物及組成物係有用於治療癌症。
於一態樣中,可藉由本文所述化合物、組成物及方法治療的癌症包含(但不限於):心臟:肉瘤(血管肉瘤、纖維肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤)、黏液瘤、橫紋肌瘤、纖維瘤、脂肪瘤及畸胎瘤;肺:支氣管原惡性腫瘤(鱗狀細胞、未分化小細胞、未分化大細胞、腺癌)、肺泡(小支氣管)惡性腫瘤、支氣管腺癌、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、軟骨缺陷瘤、中皮瘤;胃腸道:食道(鱗狀細胞惡性腫瘤、腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤、淋巴瘤)、胃(惡性腫瘤、淋巴瘤、平滑肌肉瘤)、胰臟(管腺癌、胰島素瘤、升糖素瘤、胃泌素瘤、類癌瘤、VIP瘤)、小腸(腺癌、淋巴瘤、類癌瘤、卡波西氏肉瘤、平滑肌瘤、血管瘤、脂肪瘤、神經纖維瘤、纖維瘤)、大腸(腺癌、管狀腺瘤、絨毛腺瘤、缺陷瘤、平滑肌瘤);生殖泌尿道:腎臟(腺癌、威爾姆氏瘤(腎胚細胞瘤)、淋巴瘤、白血病)、膀胱及尿道(鱗狀細胞惡性腫 瘤、移行細胞惡性腫瘤、腺癌)、前列腺(腺癌、肉瘤)、睪丸(精細胞瘤、畸胎瘤、胚胎性癌、畸胎上皮癌、絨毛膜癌、肉瘤、間質細胞惡性腫瘤、纖維瘤、腺維腺瘤、腺瘤樣腫瘤、脂肪瘤);肝臟:肝腫瘤(肝細胞惡性腫瘤)、膽管癌、肝母細胞瘤、血管肉瘤、肝細胞腺瘤、血管瘤;骨:骨原性肉瘤(骨肉瘤)、纖維肉瘤、惡性纖維組織細胞瘤、軟骨肉瘤、尤英氏肉瘤(Ewing’s sarcoma)、惡性淋巴瘤(網狀細胞肉瘤)、多發性骨髓瘤、惡性巨細胞腫瘤、脊索瘤、骨軟骨瘤(骨軟骨外生性骨瘤)、良性脊索瘤、軟骨胚細胞瘤、軟骨黏液纖維瘤、骨樣骨瘤及巨細胞腫瘤;神經系統:顱骨(骨瘤、血管瘤、肉芽腫、黃瘤、畸形性骨炎)、腦膜(腦脊髓膜瘤、腦脊髓膜肉瘤、神經膠瘤病)、腦(星細胞瘤、神經管胚細胞瘤、神經膠瘤、室管膜瘤、胚細胞瘤(松果體瘤)、多形性神經膠質母細胞瘤、寡樹突神經膠細胞瘤、神經韒瘤、視網膜胚細胞瘤、先天瘤)、脊髓神經纖維瘤、腦脊髓膜瘤、神經膠瘤、肉瘤;婦科:子宮(子宮內膜癌)、子宮頸(子宮頸癌、腫瘤前子宮頸發育不良)、卵巢(卵巢癌(漿液性囊腺癌、黏液素囊腺癌、透明細胞癌、未分類的惡性腫瘤)、粒層細胞及韒細胞瘤、支持-間質細胞瘤(Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors)、惡性胚胎瘤、惡性畸胎瘤)、陰唇(鱗狀細胞惡性腫瘤、上皮內癌,腺癌、纖維肉瘤、黑色素瘤)、陰道(透明細胞惡性腫瘤、鱗狀細胞惡性腫瘤、葡萄形肉瘤(胚胎型橫紋肌肉瘤)、輸卵管(惡性腫瘤);血液性:血液(骨髓性白血病(急性及慢性)、急性淋巴胚細胞白血病、慢性淋巴性白血病、骨髓增生病、多發性骨髓瘤、骨髓增生不良症候群)、霍金氏病、非霍金氏淋巴瘤(惡性淋巴瘤);皮膚:惡性黑色素瘤、基底細胞惡性腫瘤、鱗狀細胞惡性腫瘤、卡波西氏肉瘤、黑痣發育不良母斑、脂肪瘤、血管瘤、皮膚纖維瘤、瘢瘤及牛皮癬;以及腎上腺:神經胚細胞瘤。
於一態樣中,以本文所述化合物、組成物及方法所治療之癌症係選自:腎上腺癌、腺泡細胞惡性腫瘤、聽神經瘤、肢端著色斑性黑色素瘤、頂端螺旋瘤、急性嗜伊紅性白血病、急性紅白血病、急性淋巴性白血病、急性巨核母細胞性白血病、急性單核球白血病、急性前髓球性白血病、腺癌、腺樣囊狀癌、腺瘤、腺瘤樣齒源性瘤、腺樣鱗狀細胞癌、脂肪組織瘤、腎上腺皮質癌、成人T細胞白血病/淋巴瘤、侵襲性NK細胞白血病、AIDS相關淋巴瘤、小泡型橫紋肌肉瘤、肺泡性軟部肉瘤、成釉細胞纖維瘤、未分化大細胞淋巴瘤、未分化甲狀腺癌、血管免疫胚細胞T細胞淋巴瘤、血管肌肉脂肪瘤、血管肉瘤、星狀細胞瘤、非典型畸胎類橫紋肌細胞瘤、B細胞慢性淋巴球性白血病、B細胞前淋巴球性白血病、B細胞淋巴瘤、基底細胞癌、膽管癌、膀胱癌、胚細胞瘤、骨癌、布蓮約(Brenner)瘤、棕色(Brown)瘤、伯奇氏(Burkitt)淋巴瘤、乳癌、腦癌、惡性腫瘤、原位癌、癌肉瘤、軟骨瘤(cartilage tumor)、牙骨質瘤、髓樣肉瘤、軟骨瘤(chondroma)、脊索瘤、絨毛膜癌、脈絡叢乳頭狀瘤、腎臟透明細胞肉瘤、顱咽管瘤、皮膚T細胞淋巴瘤、子宮頸癌、結直腸癌、狄郭氏(Degos)症、纖維性小圓細胞瘤、瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤、胚胎發育不良性神經上皮腫瘤、惡性胚胎瘤、胚癌、內分泌腺瘤、內胚竇瘤、腸病變相關T細胞淋巴瘤、食道癌、寄生胎、纖維瘤、纖維肉瘤、濾泡性淋巴瘤、濾泡性甲狀腺癌、神經節細胞瘤、胃腸癌、生殖細胞瘤、妊娠絨毛膜癌、巨細胞纖維母細胞瘤、骨巨細胞瘤、神經膠質腫瘤(glial tumor)、多形性神經膠母細胞瘤、神經膠質瘤(glioma)、大腦神經膠質瘤、升糖素瘤、性腺胚細胞瘤、顆粒層細胞腫瘤、半陰陽胚細胞瘤、膽囊癌、胃癌、髮樣細胞白血病、血管母細胞瘤、頭頸癌、血管外皮細胞瘤、血液惡性疾病、肝胚細胞瘤、肝脾T細胞淋巴瘤、霍金氏淋巴瘤、非霍金氏淋巴瘤、侵襲性小葉癌、腸癌、腎癌、喉(laryngeal)癌、惡性雀斑樣痣、致命性中線癌、白血病、萊氏(leydig)細胞腫瘤、脂肪肉瘤、肺癌、淋巴管瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、淋巴上皮瘤、淋巴瘤、急性淋巴球性白血病、急性骨髓性白血病、慢性淋巴球性白血病、肝癌、小細胞肺癌、非小細胞肺癌、MALT淋巴瘤、惡性纖維組織細胞瘤、惡性周邊神經髓鞘瘤、惡性蠑螈腫瘤、被套細胞淋巴瘤、邊緣區B細胞淋巴瘤、肥大細胞白血病、縱膈腔生殖細胞瘤、乳房髓狀細胞癌、髓質甲狀腺癌、神經管胚細胞瘤、黑色素瘤、腦脊髓膜瘤、梅克爾(merkel)細胞癌、中皮瘤、轉移性尿路上皮癌、混合米勒氏(Mullerian)腫瘤、黏液性腫瘤、多發性骨髓瘤、肌組織腫瘤、蕈狀肉芽腫、黏液型脂肪肉瘤、黏液瘤、黏液肉瘤、鼻咽癌、神經纖維瘤(neurinoma)、神經胚細胞瘤、神經纖維瘤(neurofibroma)、神經瘤、結節性黑色素瘤、眼癌、寡星狀細胞瘤、寡樹突狀膠質瘤、瘤細胞瘤、視神經鞘腦脊髓膜瘤、視神經腫瘤、口腔癌、骨肉瘤、卵巢癌、肺尖腫瘤、乳突性甲狀腺癌、副神經節瘤、松果體母細胞瘤、松果體瘤、垂體細胞瘤、垂體腺瘤、腦下垂體瘤、漿細胞瘤、多胚胎組織瘤、T前軀淋巴芽細胞淋巴瘤、原發性中樞神經系統淋巴瘤、原發性積液淋巴瘤、原發性腹膜癌、前列腺癌、胰臟癌、咽癌、腹膜假黏液瘤、腎細胞癌、腎髓質癌、視網膜胚細胞瘤、橫紋肌瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、李西特氏(Richter’s)轉形、直腸癌、肉瘤、許旺氏細胞瘤(Schwannomatosis)、精原細胞瘤、賽托利氏(Sertoli)細胞瘤、性腺基質癌、戒指細胞癌、皮膚癌、小型藍色圓形細胞腫瘤、小細胞癌、軟組織肉瘤、體抑素瘤、煤灰癌、脊髓腫瘤、脾邊緣區淋巴瘤、鱗狀上皮細胞癌、滑液肉瘤、塞札瑞氏(Sezaty’s)症、小腸癌、鱗狀上皮癌、胃(stomach)癌、T細胞淋巴瘤、睪丸癌、卵泡膜瘤、甲狀腺癌、過渡細胞上皮癌、喉癌、臍尿管癌、泌尿生殖癌、尿路上皮癌、葡萄膜黑色素瘤、子宮癌、疣狀癌、視路神經膠質瘤、陰門癌、陰道癌、瓦登史東母氏(Waldenstrom’s)巨大球蛋白血症、瓦新氏(Warthin’s)腫瘤、與威爾姆氏(Wilms’)腫瘤。
在一態樣中,由本文所述化合物、組成物及方法所治療之癌症係選自:腺癌、成人T細胞白血病/淋巴瘤、膀胱癌、胚細胞瘤、骨癌、乳癌、腦癌、惡性腫瘤、髓樣肉瘤、子宮頸癌、結直腸癌、食道癌、胃腸癌、多形性神經膠母細胞瘤、神經膠質瘤、膽囊癌、胃癌、頭頸癌、霍金氏淋巴瘤、非霍金氏淋巴瘤、腸癌、腎癌、喉癌、白血病、肺癌、淋巴瘤、肝癌、小細胞肺癌、非小細胞肺癌、中皮瘤、多發性骨髓瘤、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)、眼癌、視神經腫瘤、口腔癌、腦下垂體瘤、原發性中樞神經系統淋巴瘤、前列腺癌、胰臟癌、咽癌、直腸癌、肉瘤、皮膚癌、脊髓腫瘤、小腸癌、胃癌、T細胞淋巴瘤、睪丸癌、甲狀腺癌、喉癌、泌尿生殖癌、尿路上皮癌、子宮癌、陰道癌及威爾姆氏腫瘤。
在一態樣中,由本文所述化合物、組成物及方法所治療之癌症係選自:乳癌、前列腺癌、結腸癌、腎細胞癌、多形性神經膠質母細胞瘤癌、膀胱癌、黑色素瘤、支氣管癌、淋巴瘤及肝癌。
亦提供本文所述化合物、或其醫藥學上可接受的鹽、或包括有所揭露化合物或其醫藥學上可接受的鹽之組成物,之用於製造供治療本文所述病狀之藥劑的用途。亦提供本文所述化合物、或其醫藥學上可接受的鹽、或包括有所揭露化合物或其醫藥學上可接受的鹽之組成物,供使用於治療本文所述病狀。範例
以下代表性實例意欲幫助說明本發明,且並不意欲亦不應解釋為限制本發明之範疇。中間物之製備 中間物 1 : 3-( 胺基甲基 )-6- 甲基 -4-( 甲硫基 ) 吡啶 -2(1H)- 酮 ( 鹽酸鹽 )
步驟
1
:
3-
側氧基丁
-1-
烯
-1,1-
雙
(
硫醇鈉鹽
)
之合成
將於甲苯(30 mL)中之第三丁醇鈉(16.6 g, 172 mmol)混合物在真空下脫氣且用氮氣沖淨(3個循環)。接著在0°C下添加丙酮(5.0 g, 6.4 mL, 86 mmol)且隨後緩慢添加二硫化碳(6.6 g, 5.24 mL, 86 mmol)。在0°C下攪拌所得混合物4小時,接著過濾。使濾餅在真空下乾燥以得到呈黃色固體之標題化合物(15.4 g, 粗製),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。
步驟
2
:
4,4-
雙
(
甲硫基
)
丁
-3-
烯
-2-
酮之合成
向3-側氧基丁-1-烯-1,1-雙(硫醇鈉鹽)
(15.4 g, 86.4 mmol)之甲醇(90 mL)溶液緩慢添加碘甲烷(24.5 g, 10.7 mL, 173 mmol)。在70°C下攪拌該混合物1小時且接著濃縮至乾燥。添加水(30 mL)且用乙酸乙酯(60 mL × 3)萃取所要產物。合併的有機層係經硫酸鈉乾燥且在減壓環境下濃縮,以得到呈褐色油狀物之標題化合物(6.8 g, 42%產率),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值163.0; 實驗值163.0.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 氯仿-d
) δ 6.02 (s, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H)。
步驟
3
:
6-
甲基
-4-(
甲硫基
)-2-
側氧基
-1,2-
二氫
吡啶
-3-
甲腈
之合成
向4,4-雙(甲硫基)丁-3-烯-2-酮(2.9 g, 18 mmol)及2-氰基乙醯胺(1.5 g, 18 mmol)於第三丁醇(50 mL)中之溶液添加第三丁醇鈉(1.9 g, 20 mmol)。在80°C下攪拌該混合物12小時(在此階段進行兩批反應且合併)。添加水(20 mL)且用10%氫氯酸調整pH至5-6。所得混合物係經過濾,濾餅係用石油醚(20 mL × 2)洗滌且接著使濾餅真空乾燥,以得到呈灰白色固體之標題化合物(4.8 g, 74%產率),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值181.0; 實驗值181.0.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 二甲基亞碸-d6
) δ 6.27 (s, 1H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H)。
步驟
4
:
3-(
胺基甲基
)-6-
甲基
-4-(
甲硫基
)
吡啶
-2(1H)-
酮之合成
將於四氫呋喃(50 mL)中之6-甲基-4-(甲硫基)-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-甲腈(3.6 g, 20 mmol)混合物在真空下脫氣且用氮氣沖淨(3個循環)。接著在0°C下緩慢添加硼烷二甲基硫化物複合物(10 M, 8.0 mL, 80 mmol),之後使反應混合物升溫至70°C並攪拌2小時。在0°C下緩慢添加甲醇(15 mL)以使反應物淬滅,之後使該混合物於減壓環境下濃縮,以得到呈淺黃色固體之標題化合物(3.8 g, 粗製),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值185.1; 實驗值185.0。
步驟
5
:
((6-
甲基
-4-(
甲硫基
)-2-
側氧基
-1,2-
二氫吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲基
)
胺基甲酸第三丁酯之合成
向3-(胺基甲基)-6-甲基-4-(甲硫基)吡啶-2(1H)-酮(3.6 g, 20 mmol)之四氫呋喃(80 mL)溶液添加三乙胺(5.9 g, 8.1 mL, 59 mmol)。攪拌該混合物30分鐘,之後添加二碳酸二第三丁酯(6.4 g, 29 mmol)且在25°C下攪拌該反應物12小時。接著使反應混合物於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥,之後添加水(35 mL)且用5:1之石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合物(30 mL × 3)萃取所要產物。合併的有機層係經硫酸鈉乾燥且濃縮,以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(5.8 g, 粗製),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值285.12; 實驗值284.9.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 二甲基亞碸-d6
) δ 6.05 (s, 1H), 4.03 - 4.00 (m, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 9H)。
步驟
6
:
3-(
胺基甲基
)-6-
甲基
-4-(
甲硫基
)
吡啶
-2(1H)-
酮
(
鹽酸鹽
)
之合成
在25°C下向氯化氫之1,4-二噁烷(4 M, 100 mL, 400 mmol)溶液添加((6-甲基-4-(甲硫基)-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)胺基甲酸第三丁酯(5.0 g, 17.6 mmol)。在25°C下攪拌該反應混合物2小時,接著於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係經二氯甲烷(30 mL × 2)及乙酸乙酯(30 mL)洗滌,以得到呈黃色固體之標題化合物(4.5 g, 粗製, HCl鹽),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值185.1; 實驗值185.0.1
H NMR (400 MHz, D2
O) δ 6.31 (s, 1H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H)。中間物 2 : 2: 5-( 胺基甲基 )-2- 甲基 -6-( 甲硫基 ) 嘧啶 -4(3H)- 酮 ( 鹽酸鹽 )
步驟
1
:
2-
氰基
-3,3-
雙
(
甲硫基
)
丙烯酸甲酯之合成
將氫化鈉(於礦物油中之60%分散液) (4.23 g, 106 mmol)之四氫呋喃(400 mL)懸浮液冷卻至0˚C,之後逐滴添加氰乙酸甲酯(8.90 mL, 101 mmol)。劇烈攪拌該反應混合物15分鐘,之後逐滴添加二硫化碳(6.1 mL, 101 mmol)同時保持反應溫度在20˚C之下(由白色半固體轉變為黃色)。接著逐滴添加碘甲烷(15.7 mL, 252 mmol)且在室溫下攪拌該反應混合物15分鐘。接著使反應物於減壓環境下濃縮且將殘餘物傾注入冰水中。所得沉澱物係經過濾且真空乾燥,以得到呈黃色/褐色固體之標題化合物(11.9 g, 58%產率),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。1
H NMR (400 MHz, 氯仿-d
) δ 3.83 (s, 3H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.61 (s, 3H)。
步驟
2
:
2-
甲基
-4-(
甲硫基
)-6-
側氧基
-1,6-
二氫嘧啶
-5-
甲腈之合成
將2-氰基-3,3-雙(甲硫基)丙烯酸甲酯(11.9 g, 58.5 mmol)溶解於乙醇(1000 mL)中。將氫氯化乙脒(5.53 g, 58.5 mmol)及三乙胺(36.7 mL, 263 mmol)添加至該混合物中且在回流下攪拌隔夜。接著使反應物於減壓環境下濃縮,且用10%氫氯酸洗滌殘餘物。沉澱物係經過濾,且用水及二乙醚洗滌濾餅,之後真空乾燥以得到呈固體之標題化合物(5g, 47%產率),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值182.03; 實驗值182.10.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 二甲基亞碸-d 6
) δ 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H)。
步驟
3
:
((2-
甲基
-4-(
甲硫基
)-6-
側氧基
-1,6-
二氫嘧啶
-5-
基
)
甲基
)
胺基甲酸第三丁酯之合成
在0˚C下向2-甲基-4-(甲硫基)-6-側氧基-1,6-二氫嘧啶-5-甲腈(1.5 g, 8.27 mmol)之四氫呋喃(50 mL)懸浮液添加鋁氫化鋰之四氫呋喃(2 M, 6.2 mL, 12.4 mmol)溶液。使該反應物緩慢升溫至室溫,且一旦完成,即用氫氧化鈉(1 M, 33 mL, 33.1 mmol)水溶液進行淬滅。向此混合物依序添加1,4-二噁烷(50 mL)及二碳酸二第三丁酯(3.61 g, 16.6 mmol)。劇烈攪拌該雙相混合物直至完成胺保護。用乙酸使該雙相混合物酸化至中性pH,使其分離且用二氯甲烷萃取水層。合併的有機層係經硫酸鎂乾燥、過濾且於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。用二氯甲烷濕磨殘餘物,且使濾液(含有所要產物)於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。所得固體係藉由逆相急驟層析法(C18管柱,梯度為5%至95%乙腈水溶液,以0.1%三氟乙酸緩衝)純化,接著藉由正相急驟層析法(矽膠,梯度為30%至90%之於二氯甲烷中的乙酸乙酯)純化,以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(2.57g, 26%產率, >99%純度)。LCMS [M-(C4
H8
)+H]+
m/z: 計算值230.1; 實驗值230.0.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 氯仿-d
) δ 13.20 (s, 1H), 5.37 (t,J
= 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.26 (d,J
= 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H)。
步驟
4
:
5-(
胺基甲基
)-2-
甲基
-6-(
甲硫基
)
嘧啶
-4(3H)-
酮
(
鹽酸鹽
)
之合成
在23°C下向((2-甲基-4-(甲硫基)-6-側氧基-1,6-二氫嘧啶-5-基)甲基)胺基甲酸第三丁酯(300 mg, 1.05 mmol)之1,4-二噁烷(7.2 mL)懸浮液添加氯化氫之1,4-二噁烷(4 M, 2.10 mL, 8.40 mmol)溶液。在23°C下攪拌該反應物3小時,接著添加更多氯化氫之1,4-二噁烷(4 M, 2.10 mL, 8.40 mmol)溶液。在14小時之後,接著使反應物於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥,以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(254 mg, 94%產率),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+Na]+
(游離鹼) m/z: 計算值208.1; 實驗值208.1。中間物 3 : 3-( 胺基甲基 )-6- 氯 -4-( 甲硫基 ) 吡啶 -2(1H)- 酮 ( 鹽酸鹽 )
步驟
1
:
2-(
苯甲氧基
)-6-
氯基菸鹼酸之合成
在0°C下向氫化鈉(於礦物油中之60%分散液) (11.5 g, 286 mmol)之四氫呋喃(500 mL)懸浮液添加苯甲醇(14 mL, 143 mmol)。攪拌該反應混合物20分鐘,接著添加2,6-二氯吡啶-3-甲酸(25 g, 130 mmol)之四氫呋喃(500 mL)溶液,且在23°C下攪拌該反應混合物4小時。接著以10%氫氯酸(300 mL)使該反應物淬滅,以固態NaHCO3
處理直至pH ~8,用乙酸(50% 水溶液)酸化,最後用乙酸乙酯(200 mL × 3)萃取。合併的有機層係以鹽水(200 mL)洗滌,經硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾,且濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由急驟層析法(矽膠,梯度為5%至50%之於二氯甲烷中的乙酸乙酯)純化,以得到標題化合物(33.68 g, 98%產率)。
步驟
2
:
2-(
苯甲氧基
)-6-
氯基菸鹼醯胺之合成
在0°C下向2-(苯甲氧基)-6-氯基菸鹼酸(33.68 g, 128.2 mmol)之二氯甲烷(500 mL)溶液添加N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(1 mL)且隨後添加草醯氯(11.9 mL, 141 mmol)。在23°C下攪拌該反應物2小時,接著濃縮至乾燥。將殘餘物溶解於二氯甲烷(200 mL)中且在0°C下緩慢添加至氫氧化銨濃縮液(50 mL)。在1小時之後,收集有機層且用二氯甲烷(50 mL × 3)萃取水相。合併的有機層係經硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾,且於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由急驟層析法(矽膠,梯度為0%至50%之於二氯甲烷中的乙酸乙酯)純化,以得到呈固體之標題化合物(定量產率)。
步驟
3
:
2-(
苯甲氧基
)-6-
氯
-4-(
甲硫基
)
菸鹼醯胺之合成
在-78°C下向2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(29.45 mL, 175.1 mmol)之四氫呋喃(300 mL)溶液添加正丁基鋰之己烷(2.5 M, 70 mL, 175.1 mmol)溶液。使反應混合物升溫至0°C持續30分鐘,接著冷卻回到-78°C。接著添加2-(苯甲氧基)-6-氯基菸鹼醯胺(11.5 g, 43.8 mmol)之四氫呋喃(100 mL)溶液,同時保持內溫於-60°C以下。在-78°C下攪拌該反應混合物1小時,接著添加二甲基二硫化物(15.77 mL, 175.1 mmol)。在-78°C下攪拌該反應物額外2小時,接著在-78°C下用乙酸水溶液(50% v/v)淬滅。所要產物係經乙酸乙酯(100 mL × 3)萃取,合併的有機層係以水(20 mL)、飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液(20 mL)及鹽水(20 mL)洗滌,經硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾且於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由急驟層析法(矽膠,梯度為0%至20%之於二氯甲烷中的乙酸乙酯)純化,以得到標題化合物(4.86 g, 36%產率)。
步驟
4
:
(2-(
苯甲氧基
)-6-
氯
-4-(
甲硫基
)
吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲胺之合成
在23°C下向2-(苯甲氧基)-6-氯-4-(甲硫基)菸鹼醯胺(4.86 g, 15.7 mmol)之四氫呋喃(100 mL)溶液添加硼烷之四氫呋喃(1 M, 63 mL, 63 mmol)溶液。在回流下攪拌該反應混合物15小時,接著在室溫下緩慢添加甲醇進行淬滅。使反應混合物於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥,殘餘物係藉由急驟層析法(矽膠,梯度為0%至30%之於二氯甲烷中的甲醇)純化,以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(710 mg, 15%產率)。
步驟
5
:
3-(
胺基甲基
)-6-
氯
-4-(
甲硫基
)
吡啶
-2(1H)-
酮
(
鹽酸鹽
)
之合成
向含有(2-(苯甲氧基)-6-氯-4-(甲硫基)吡啶-3-基)甲胺 (710 mg, 2.41 mmol)之燒瓶添加濃鹽酸(12 M, 5.0 mL, 60 mmol)。在23°C下攪拌該反應混合物2小時,接著於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。使殘餘物從甲醇與二乙醚混合物中再結晶,以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(400 mg, 69%產率)。
步驟
6
:
((6-
氯
-4-(
甲硫基
)-2-
側氧基
-1,2-
二氫吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲基
)
胺基甲酸第三丁酯之合成
在室溫下向3-(胺基甲基)-6-氯-4-(甲硫基)吡啶-2(1H)-酮鹽酸鹽(1.575 g, 6.53 mmol)之二氯甲烷(50 mL)懸浮液添加二碳酸二第三丁酯(2.85 g, 13.1 mmol)且隨後添加N,N-二異丙基乙胺(3.4 mL, 19.6 mmol)。該反應物係於室溫下攪拌3小時(直至每種物質都溶解),接著以水淬滅。有機層係經分離,經硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾,且於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由急驟層析法(矽膠,梯度為0至10%之於二氯甲烷中的甲醇)純化,以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(1.5 g, 75%產率)。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值305.1; 實驗值305.1。
步驟
7
:
3-(
胺基甲基
)-6-
氯
-4-(
甲硫基
)
吡啶
-2(1H)-
酮
(
鹽酸鹽
)
之合成
在室溫下向((6-氯-4-(甲硫基)-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)胺基甲酸第三丁酯(300 mg, 984 μmol)之1,4-二噁烷(4.9 mL)懸浮液添加氯化氫之1,4-二噁烷(4 M, 1.96 mL, 7.87 mmol)溶液。反應物係於室溫下攪拌3小時,接著添加更多氯化氫之1,4-二噁烷(4 M, 1.96 mL, 7.87 mmol)溶液。在14小時之後,使反應物於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥,以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(253 mg, 定量產率),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+Na]+
(游離鹼) m/z: 計算值227.0; 實驗值227.0。中間物 4 : 7- 氯 -2,4- 二甲基 -2-(4- 側氧基環己基 ) 苯并 [d][1,3] 二氧呃 -5- 甲酸甲酯
步驟
1
:
5-
氯
-3,4-
二羥基
-2-
甲基苯甲酸甲酯之合成
在-20°C下向3,4-二羥基-2-甲基苯甲酸甲酯(5.11 g, 27.9 mmol)之四氫呋喃(199 mL)溶液逐滴添加磺醯氯(2.45 mL, 30.6 mmol)。反應混合物係於-20°C下攪拌3小時,接著以飽和氯化銨水溶液(50 mL)淬滅。所要產物係經乙酸乙酯(25 mL × 3)萃取。合併的有機層係用鹽水(25 mL)洗滌,經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且在減壓環境下濃縮。殘餘物係藉由急驟層析法(矽膠,梯度為0%至60%之於庚烷中的乙酸乙酯)純化以得到呈米黃色固體之標題化合物(4.117 g, 68%產率)。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值217.0; 實驗值217.1 (Cl同位素模式)。
步驟
2
:
7-
氯
-2,4-
二甲基
-2-(4-
側氧基環己基
)-2H-1,3-
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸甲酯之合成
將5-氯-3,4-二羥基-2-甲基苯甲酸甲酯(1.2 g, 5.53 mmol)、十二羰基三釕(176 mg, 276 μmol)及三苯膦(145 mg, 553 μmol)之混合物在真空下脫氣且用氮氣沖淨(3個循環)。添加甲苯(8.1 mL)且將反應混合物加熱至回流持續30分鐘。接著逐滴添加4-乙炔環己-1-酮(1.34 g, 11.0 mmol)之甲苯(17 mL)溶液且在回流下攪拌該反應物23小時。最後,將反應混合物冷卻至室溫且於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由急驟層析法(矽膠,梯度為0%至60%之於庚烷中的乙酸乙酯)純化,以得到呈黃色油狀物之標題化合物(1.327 g, 70%產率)。LCMS [M+Na]+
m/z: 計算值361.1; 實驗值361.1 (Cl同位素模式)。
步驟
3
:
(R)-7-
氯
-2,4-
二甲基
-2-(4-
側氧基環己基
)
苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸甲酯及
(S)-7-
氯
-2,4-
二甲基
-2-(4-
側氧基環己基
)
苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸甲酯之分離
甲基-7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-(4-側氧基環己基)苯并[d][1,3]二
氧呃-5-甲酸酯(4.4 g, 13 mmol)之外消旋混合物係藉由製備型SFC解析[管柱:ChiralPak AY,獲自Daicel化學工業公司(250mm×50mm I.D., 10 µm)。移動相A:CO2
/ 移動相B:0.1% NH4
OH之甲醇溶液。等位(85%移動相及15%移動相B)。流速:80 mL/分鐘。管柱溫度:40 ̊C]。中間物4(波峰1)(不想要的鏡像異構物/劣對映體):滯留時間 = 6.2分鐘。 回收率 = 1.4 g, 4.05 mmol, 31%產率,90% ee, 98%純度(黃色固體)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, 氯仿-d
) δ 7.48 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.44 - 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.35 - 2.25 (m, 6H), 2.19 (tdd,J
= 2.8, 5.6, 13.1 Hz, 2H), 1.70 - 1.57 (m, 5H)。中間物4(波峰2)(想要的鏡像異構物/優性異構體):滯留時間= 7.0分鐘。回收率 = 1.1 g, 3.08 mmol, 23.75%產率, 99% ee, 95%純度(黃色固體)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, 氯仿-d
) δ 7.49 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.44 - 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.36 - 2.25 (m, 6H), 2.20 (tdd,J
= 2.8, 5.6, 13.1 Hz, 2H), 1.72 - 1.59 (m, 5H)。 SFC分析方法:[管柱:ChiralPak AY-3 (150×4.6 mm I.D., 3 µm)。移動相A:CO2
/ 移動相B:0.05% Et2
NH之i
PrOH溶液。梯度:自5至40%的移動相B (歷時5.5分鐘)。 流速:2.5 mL/分鐘。管柱溫度:40°C]。中間物4(波峰1 - 不想要的鏡像異構物/劣對映體):滯留時間= 2.853分鐘。中間物4(波峰2 - 想要的鏡像異構物/優性異構體):滯留時間= 2.979分鐘。中間物 5 : 7- 氯 -2,4- 二甲基 -2-( 反式 -4-((3-( 三氟甲基 ) 氧雜環丁 -3- 基 ) 胺基 ) 環己基 ) 苯并 [d][1,3] 二氧呃 -5- 甲酸甲酯
在室溫下攪拌1-氯-N-[3-(三氟甲基)氧雜環丁-3-基]氫胺(678 mg, 3.82 mmol)及N,N-二異丙基乙胺(698 µL, 4.01 mmol)於二氯乙烷(9.54 mL)中之混合物30分鐘,之後向此反應混合物添加乙酸(218 µL, 3.82 mmol)且隨後添加甲基-7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-(4-側氧基環己基)苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸酯(650 mg, 1.91 mmol)。該混合物在室溫下5分鐘之後轉變為澄清狀(黃色/褐色),添加三乙醯氧基硼氫化鈉(404 mg, 1.91 mmol)。該反應物係於室溫下攪拌3小時,接著以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液(30 mL)淬滅。所要產物係以二氯甲烷(30 mL × 3)萃取,且合併的有機層係經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且在減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由逆相急驟層析法(C18管柱,乙腈/水為1:1,帶有0.1%三氟乙酸)純化以得到兩個幾何異構物(順式及反式)。第一個溶析波峰係對應幾何異構物1。LCMS 分析方法(對於幾何異構物)
[管柱:Zorbax SB-C8 (75 × 4.6 mm I.D., 3.5 µm)。移動相A:0.1%三氟乙酸之乙腈溶液 / 移動相B:三氟乙酸之水溶液。梯度:自5至100%之移動相B (歷時3.0分鐘)且隨後以100%的移動相B (4.5分鐘)。流速:1.5 mL/分鐘。管柱溫度:20°C.] 幾何異構物1 (想要的):滯留時間= 4.073分鐘 (278 mg, 31 %)。幾何異構物2 (不想要的):滯留時間= 4.277分鐘(253 mg 29 %)。
幾何異構物1的鏡像異構物(依據LCMS方法所要的)係藉由製備型SFC分離 [管柱:Chiralcel OX-H (250×21 mm I.D.)。移動相A:CO2
/ 移動相B:0.25% 於1:1之異丙醇/己烷混合物中的異丙胺。 等位(85%移動相及15%移動相B)。流速:80 g/分鐘。管柱溫度:25 ̊C]。中間物5 (波峰1):滯留時間= 1.84分鐘。 LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值464.15; 實驗值464。中間物5 (波峰2):滯留時間= 2.1分鐘。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值464.15; 實驗值464.2。中間物 6 : 3-( 胺基甲基 )-4- 氯 -6- 甲基吡啶 -2(1H)- 酮
步驟
1
:
2,4-
二氯
-6-
甲基菸鹼甲腈之合成
在120o
C下將2,4-二羥基-6-甲基菸鹼甲腈(80 g, 533.3 mmol)之三氯一氧化磷(150 mL)溶液攪拌2小時,接著以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液使其淬滅(直至pH = 8)。使其分溶於水(2000 mL)與乙酸乙酯(1000 mL)之間,有機層係經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥,以得到呈褐色固體之標題化合物(85 g, 86%產率),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值186.98; 實驗值186.6。
步驟
2
:
2-
氯
-4-
羥基
-6-
甲基菸鹼甲腈之合成
在室溫下向2,4-二氯-6-甲基菸鹼甲腈(10 g, 53 mmol)之N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(50 mL)溶液添加乙酸銫(30.8 g, 160 mmol)。反應物係於80o
C下攪拌隔夜,接著以水(800 mL)淬滅。所要產物係用乙酸乙酯(800 mL)萃取,且有機層係經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且在減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。得到呈褐色固體之標題化合物(8.8 g, 98 %產率)且不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值169.01; 實驗值168.8。
步驟
3
:
4-
羥基
-2-
甲氧基
-6-
甲基菸鹼甲腈之合成
將2-氯-4-羥基-6-甲基菸鹼甲腈(8.8 g, 52.2 mmol)及甲醇鈉(14.1 g, 261 mmol)於甲醇(50 mL)中之混合物在60o
C下攪拌隔夜。該混合物係以1 M的氫氯酸溶液淬滅,直至pH = 5。使其分溶於水(500 mL)與乙酸乙酯(500 mL)之間,有機層係經硫酸鈉乾燥且濃縮,以得到呈褐色固體之標題化合物(8.0 g, 93%產率),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值165.1; 實驗值164.8。
步驟
4
:
4-
氯
-2-
甲氧基
-6-
甲基菸鹼甲腈
在60°C下將4-羥基-2-甲氧基-6-甲基菸鹼甲腈(8.0 g, 48.7 mmol)、五氯化磷(20.3 g, 97.5 mmol)、三氯一氧化磷(14.9 g, 9.09 mL, 97.5 mmol)及N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(5 mL)之於氯仿(100 mL)中之混合物攪拌30分鐘。該反應物係以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液淬滅(直至pH = 8)。使其分溶於水(1000 mL)與乙酸乙酯(1000 mL)之間,有機層係經硫酸鈉乾燥且濃縮至乾燥,以得到呈褐色固體之標題化合物(8.0 g, 90%產率),其不經進一步純化即直接用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值183.0; 實驗值182.8。
步驟
5
:
(4-
氯
-2-
甲氧基
-6-
甲基吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲胺之合成
向4-氯-2-甲氧基-6-甲基菸鹼甲腈(8.0 g, 43.8 mmol)之四氫呋喃(50 mL)溶液添加硼烷二甲基硫化物複合物(10 M, 5.3 mL, 53 mmol)。該混合物係於60°C下攪拌2小時,接著在0o
C下以甲醇(10 mL)淬滅。使該混合物於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥,以得到呈褐色固體之標題化合物(7.0 g, 93%產率),其不經進一步純化即直接用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值187.1; 實驗值187.1。
步驟
6
:
((4-
氯
-2-
甲氧基
-6-
甲基吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲基
)
胺基甲酸第三丁酯
在20o
C下將(4-氯-2-甲氧基-6-甲基吡啶-3-基)甲胺(7.0 g, 37.5 mmol)、二碳酸二第三丁酯(15.2 g, 75.0 mmol)及三乙胺(11.4 g, 15.7 mL, 113 mmol)於四氫呋喃(50 mL)中之混合物攪拌16小時,接著以水(500 mL)淬滅。所要產物係用乙酸乙酯(500 mL)萃取,且有機層係經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且在減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由急驟管柱層析法(矽膠管柱,石油醚:乙酸乙酯為40:1)純化以得到呈無色油狀物之標題化合物(3.0 g, 28%產率)。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值287.1; 實驗值286.9。
步驟
7
:
3-(
胺基甲基
)-4-
氯
-6-
甲基吡啶
-2(1H)-
酮
在室溫下向氯化氫之水(4 M, 10 mL, 10 mmol)溶液添加((4-氯-2-甲氧基-6-甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)胺基甲酸第三丁酯(3.0 g, 10.5 mmol)。該反應物係於100o
C下加熱2小時,接著於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥,以得到呈黃色固體之標題化合物(1.7 g, 94%產率)。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值173.04; 實驗值173.1.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 甲醇-d 4
): δ 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H)。中間物 7 :
7-氯-2-(4-(3,3-二氟氮雜環丁-1-基)環己基)-2,4-二甲基苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸甲酯
步驟 1 : 7- 氯 -2-(4-(3,3- 二氟氮雜環丁 -1- 基 ) 環己基 )-2,4-
二甲基苯并 [d][1,3
]二氧呃 -5- 甲酸甲酯之合成
在室溫下將7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-(4-側氧基環己基)苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸甲酯(中間物4 – 外消旋混合物) (550 mg, 1.62 mmol)、3,3-二氟四氫吖唉鹽酸鹽(839 mg, 6.48 mmol)及三乙胺(895 µL, 6.64 mmol)於甲醇(5 mL)及四氫呋喃(5 mL)中之溶液攪拌隔夜。隔天,將反應物冷卻至-78°C且逐滴添加氫硼化鋰(2 M四氫呋喃溶液, 1.21 mL, 2.43 mmol)溶液。使該厚黃色混合物逐漸升溫至室溫,接著在0°C下用飽和碳酸鈉水溶液使其淬滅。所要產物係用二氯甲烷萃取(三次),且合併的有機層係經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且在減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由急驟層析法(矽膠KP-NH管柱,梯度為0%至20%之於庚烷中的乙酸乙酯)純化兩次,以得到標題化合物(354 mg, 53%產率),其為含有單一幾何異構物(順式或反式)之外消旋混合物。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值416.9; 實驗值416.2。
步驟
2
:
(2R)-7-
氯
-2-(4-(3,3-
二氟氮雜環丁
-1-
基
)
環己基
)-2,4-
二甲基苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸甲酯及
(2S)-7-
氯
-2-(4-(3,3-
二氟氮雜環丁
-1-
基
)
環己基
)-2,4-
二甲基苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸甲酯之分離
將7-氯-2-(4-(3,3-二氟氮雜環丁-1-基)環己基)-2,4-二甲基苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸甲酯(560 mg)之外消旋混合物藉由製備型SFC解析[管柱:Chiralpak AD-H,獲自Daicel化學工業公司。移動相A: CO2
/ 移動相B: 於己烷與乙醇混合物(1:1)中之0.25%異丙胺。等位(90%移動相A及10%移動相B)。流速:80 g/分鐘。管柱溫度:25°C]。 SFC分析方法:管柱: Chiralpak AD-H,獲自Daicel化學工業公司(100 mm × 4.6 mm。 移動相A: CO2 / 移動相B: 於己烷與乙醇混合物(3:1)中之0.1%異丙胺。等位(85%移動相A及15%移動相B)。流速:4 mL/分鐘。管柱溫度:40°C。中間物7 (波峰1):滯留時間= 1.02分鐘 (SFC分析方法). 回收率= 173 mg, 15% 產率, 96% ee.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 氯仿-d) δ 7.48 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.44 - 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.35 - 2.25 (m, 6H), 2.19 (tdd,J
= 2.8, 5.6, 13.1 Hz, 2H), 1.70 - 1.57 (m, 5H)。 中間物7 (波峰2):滯留時間= 1.16分鐘 (SFC分析方法)。回收率= 150 mg, 13%產率, 97% ee. LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值416.86; 實驗值416.2。中間物 8 : 7- 氯 -2,4- 二甲基 -2-(1-(2,2,2- 三氟乙基 ) 哌啶 -4- 基 ) 苯并 [d][1,3 ] 二氧呃 -5- 甲酸全氟苯酯
步驟
1
:
4-(7-
氯
-5-(
甲氧基羰基
)-2,4-
二甲基苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-2-
基
)
哌啶
-1-
甲酸第三丁酯之合成
於一配備有冷凝器的100 mL梨形燒瓶中,將5-氯-3,4-二羥基-2-甲基苯甲酸甲酯(1.219 g, 5.58 mmol)、三苯膦(146 mg, 0.558 mmol)及十二羰基三釕(178 mg, 0.279 mmol)之混合物以氮氣/真空循環(4個循環)沖淨,接著添加甲苯(12 mL),以氮氣/真空循環沖淨且接著在120°C下攪拌30分鐘。將4-乙炔哌啶-1-甲酸第三丁酯(2.32 g, 11.1 mmol)於甲苯中(10 mL)之混合物添加至該深色混合物中。在120°C下攪拌所得橙色溶液另外2小時。反應混合物係於減壓環境下濃縮且接著藉由急驟層析法(矽膠,梯度為0%至100%之於庚烷中的乙酸乙酯)純化,以得到呈黃色油狀物之標題化合物(2.33 g, 98 %)。LCMS [M+Na]+
m/z: 計算值448.2; 實驗值448.2。
步驟
2
:
7-
氯
-2,4-
二甲基
-2-(
哌啶
-4-
基
)
苯并
[d][1,3
]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸甲酯
(
三氟乙酸鹽
)
之合成
向4-[7-氯-5-(甲氧基羰基)-2,4-二甲基-2H-1,3-苯并二氧呃
-2-基]哌啶-1-甲酸第三丁酯(2.33 g, 5.47 mmol)之二氯甲烷(2 mL)黃色溶液添加TFA (1 mL)。在30分鐘之後,反應混合物係於減壓環境下濃縮以得到呈膠狀物之標題化合物(2.40 g, quant.),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值326.79; 實驗值326.2。
步驟
3
:
7-
氯
-2,4-
二甲基
-2-(1-(2,2,2-
三氟乙基
)
哌啶
-4-
基
)
苯并
[d][1,3
]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸甲酯之合成
向7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-(哌啶-4-基)-2H-1,3-二氧呃
-5-甲酸甲酯及三氟乙酸鹽(2.40 g, 5.45 mmol)於甲苯(20 mL)及乙腈(10 mL)中之溶液添加三乙胺(8 mL, 57.6 mmol)及三氟甲烷磺酸2,2,2-三氟乙基酯(3.0 g, 12.9 mmol)。在3小時之後,反應混合物係於減壓環境下濃縮。添加水(50 mL) 且用EtOAc (30 mL x 3)萃取該混合物。合併的有機層係用鹽水(50 mL)洗滌,經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且在減壓環境下濃縮,接著藉由急驟層析法(矽膠,梯度為0%至50%之於庚烷中的乙酸乙酯)純化,以得到呈淡黃色油狀物之標題化合物(2.04 g, 92 %)。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值408.81; 實驗值408.2。
步驟
4
:
7-
氯
-2,4-
二甲基
-2-(1-(2,2,2-
三氟乙基
)
哌啶
-4-
基
)
苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸之合成
向7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-[1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)哌啶-4-基]-2H-1,3-二氧呃-5-甲酸甲酯 (691 mg, 1.69 mmol)之甲醇(3 mL)溶液添加6 M氫氧化鈉水溶液(1 mL, 6.00 mmol),且在60°C下加熱。在25分鐘之後,反應混合物係於減壓環境下濃縮以移除大部分的甲醇。該混合物接著經水稀釋,冷卻至0°C且接著用1 M氫氯酸中和至pH = 7。該混合物係用二氯甲烷萃取(三次),且合併的有機層係經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且在減壓環境下濃縮,以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物,其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值394.79; 實驗值394.2。
步驟
5
:
7-
氯
-2,4-
二甲基
-2-(1-(2,2,2-
三氟乙基
)
哌啶
-4-
基
)
苯并
[d][1,3
]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸全氟苯酯之合成
向7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-[1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)哌啶-4-基]-2H-1,3-二
氧呃-5-甲酸(665 mg, 1.68 mmol)之二氯甲烷(5 mL)攪拌溶液添加吡啶(1 mL, 12.4 mmol)且隨後添加2,2,2-三氟乙酸2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯酯(500 µL, 2.90 mmol)。在20分鐘之後,反應混合物係於減壓環境下濃縮以得到標題化合物,其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值560.84; 實驗值560.2。中間物 9 : 7- 氯 -2-(4-(3- 甲氧基氮雜環丁 -1- 基 ) 環己基 )-2,4- 二甲基苯并 [d][1,3] 二氧呃 -5- 甲酸
步驟 1 : 7- 氯 -2-(4-(3- 甲氧基氮雜環丁 -1- 基 ) 環己基 )-2,4- 二甲基苯并 [d][1,3] 二氧呃 -5- 甲酸甲酯之合成
將3-甲氧基四氫吖唉鹽酸鹽(8 g, 64.75 mmol)及N,N-二異丙基乙胺(12 mL, 68.9 mmol)於甲醇(30 mL)中之溶液在室溫下攪拌30分鐘,之後添加含有另一種7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-(4-側氧基環己基)-1,3-二氧呃-5-甲酸甲酯(中間物4 ─ 波峰2) (4.1 g, 12.10 mmol)之四氫呋喃(30 mL)溶液的溶液。在室溫下攪拌該反應混合物1小時,接著冷卻至-70°C。添加氫硼化鋰(500 mg, 22.96 mmol),且在-70°C攪拌該反應物30分鐘[或直至藉TLC觀察到起始材料完全消耗掉,乙酸乙酯/甲醇5:1]。接著,將兩批反應物合併,且在0°C下以飽和氯化銨水溶液(120 mL)淬滅,並用二氯甲烷(200 mL × 3)萃取所要產物。合併的有機層係經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且在減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由急驟層析法(矽膠,梯度為0至14%之於二氯甲烷中的甲醇)純化以得到呈淺黃色油狀物之標題化合物(8.05 g, 67%產率, 83%純度)。將一樣本(50 mg)進一步藉由製備型薄層層析法(矽膠,乙酸乙酯:甲醇為15:1)純化。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值410.2; 實驗值410.1.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 甲醇-d4
) δ 7.39 (s, 1H), 3.95 - 3.91 (m, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.59 - 3.51 (m, 2H), 3.16 (s, 3H), 2.97 (br dd,J
= 6.4, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.11 - 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.91 - 1.73 (m, 5H), 1.54 (s, 3H), 1.22 - 1.12 (m, 2H), 0.98 - 0.86 (m, 2H)。
步驟
2
:
7-
氯
-2-(4-(3-
甲氧基氮雜環丁
-1-
基
)
環己基
)-2,4-
二甲基苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸之合成
向7-氯-2-(4-(3-甲氧基氮雜環丁-1-基)環己基)-2,4-二甲基苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸甲酯 (4 g, 9.75 mmol)之甲醇(48 mL)溶液添加氫氧化鋰水合物(4.03 g, 96.06 mmol)水溶液(12 mL)。將反應物在70°C下攪拌2小時,接著將兩批合併且於減壓環境下濃縮。添加水(50 mL)且在0°C下以飽和檸檬酸溶液調整pH至6。用3:1之二氯甲烷與異丙醇混合物(300 mL × 5)萃取所要產物。合併的有機層係經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且在減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥,以得到呈灰白色固體之標題化合物(6.1g, 粗製),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值396.2; 實驗值396.1.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 甲醇-d 4
) δ 7.07 (s, 1H), 4.05 - 4.10 (m, 2H), 3.76 - 3.88 (m, 1H), 3.67 (br dd,J
= 10, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.71 - 2.81 (m, 1H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.91 - 1.99 (m, 4H), 1.75 - 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.52 (s, 3H), 1.18 - 1.28 (m, 2H), 1.06 - 1.14 (m, 2H)。實例 #1 : 7- 氯 -2-(4-(3-( 二氟甲氧基 ) 氮雜環丁 -1- 基 ) 環己基 )-2,4- 二甲基 -N-((6- 甲基 -4-( 甲硫基 )-2- 側氧基 -1,2- 二氫吡啶 -3- 基 ) 甲基 ) 苯并 [d][1,3] 二氧呃 -5- 羧醯胺
步驟
1
:
7-
氯
-2-(4-(3-(
二氟甲氧基
)
氮雜環丁
-1-
基
)
環己基
)-2,4-
二甲基苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸甲酯之合成
將7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-(4-側氧基環己基)苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸甲酯 (中間物4 ─ 波峰2) (224 mg, 0.661 mmol)、3-(二氟甲氧基)四氫吖唉(336 mg, 2.72 mmol)及三乙胺鹽酸鹽(373 mg, 2.71 mmol)於甲醇(2 mL)與四氫呋喃(2 mL)之混合物中的溶液在室溫下攪拌1.5小時,接著冷卻至-78°C。在-78°C下逐滴添加氫硼化鋰溶液之四氫呋喃(2 M, 500 µL, 1 mmol)溶液,之後使反應物升溫至室溫15分鐘。接著,該混合物係冷卻至0°C,接著以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液淬滅,用二氯甲烷稀釋並升溫至室溫。以二氯甲烷從水層萃取出所要產物(三次),合併的有機層係經使用疏水性濾器乾燥且於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由急驟層析法(矽膠,梯度為10%至100%之於庚烷中的乙酸乙酯,接著為0%至100%於乙酸乙酯中的乙醇)純化,以得到具有單一幾何異構物(順式或反式)之標題化合物(205 mg, 70%產率)。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值445.9; 實驗值446.2。
步驟
2
:
7-
氯
-2-(4-(3-(
二氟甲氧基
)
氮雜環丁
-1-
基
)
環己基
)-2,4-
二甲基苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸之合成
向7-氯-2-(4-(3-(二氟甲氧基)氮雜環丁-1-基)環己基)-2,4-二甲基苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸甲酯
(205 mg, 0.460 mmol)之甲醇(3 mL)溶液添加氫氧化鈉水溶液(6 M, 1 mL, 6.00 mmol)。反應物係於60°C下加熱20分鐘,接著用水稀釋,冷卻至0°C,以1 M氫氯酸酸化至pH = 2,且接著以1 M氫氧化鈉水溶液中和至pH = 7。所要產物係用二氯甲烷萃取(三次),使用疏水性濾器乾燥,且在減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥,以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(176 mg, 89 %產率,其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值431.9; 實驗值432.2。
步驟
3
:
7-
氯
-2-((1r,4R)-4-(3-(
二氟甲氧基
)
氮雜環丁
-1-
基
)
環己基
)-2,4-
二甲基苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸全氟苯酯之合成
在室溫下向7-氯-2-(4-(3-(二氟甲氧基)氮雜環丁-1-基)環己基)-2,4-二甲基苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸 (176 mg, 0.408 mmol)之二氯甲烷(0.5 mL)溶液添加吡啶(1.0 mL, 12.4 mmol)且隨後添加2,2,2-三氟乙酸2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯酯(150 µL, 0.871 mmol)。在20分鐘之後,使反應混合物於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥,以得到標題化合物(100%理論產率 = 243 mg)與副產物之混合物。該粗製混合物不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值597.91; 實驗值598.2。
步驟
4
:
7-
氯
-2-(4-(3-(
二氟甲氧基
)
氮雜環丁
-1-
基
)
環己基
)-2,4-
二甲基
-N-((6-
甲基
-4-(
甲硫基
)-2-
側氧基
-1,2-
二氫吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲基
)
苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
羧醯胺之合成
向7-氯-2-(4-(3-(二氟甲氧基)氮雜環丁-1-基)環己基)-2,4-二甲基苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸全氟苯酯(≤243 mg, ≤0.406 mmol)之二甲基亞碸(1 mL)溶液添加3-(胺基甲基)-6-甲基-4-(甲硫基)吡啶-2(1H)-酮(鹽酸鹽) (中間物1) (222 mg, 1.20 mmol)及N,N-二異丙基乙胺(0.30 mL, 1.71 mmol)。反應混合物係於60°C下攪拌1小時,接著在強氮氣流下過夜濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由逆相急驟層析法(C18管柱,梯度為0至100%乙腈水溶液,帶有0.1%三氟乙酸)純化兩次。殘餘物係以二氯甲烷及飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液稀釋。以二氯甲烷洗滌水層。合併的有機層係經硫酸鈉乾燥且在減壓環境下濃縮,以得到呈單一幾何異構物(順式或反式)之標題化合物(166 mg, 68 %產率,經過兩個步驟)。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值598.1; 實驗值598.3.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 甲醇-d 4
) δ 6.88 (s, 1 H), 6.26 (s, 1 H), 6.38 (t,J
= 74.3 Hz, 2 H), 4.71 (quin,J
= 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.48 (s, 2 H), 3.69 - 3.60 (m, 2 H), 3.18 - 3.11 (m, 2 H), 2.52 (s, 3 H), 2.29 (s, 3 H), 2.18 (s, 3 H), 2.10 (tt,J
= 3.5, 11.2 Hz, 1 H), 1.98 - 1.86 (m, 4 H), 1.85 - 1.78 (m, 1 H), 1.60 (s, 3 H), 1.32 - 1.21 (m, 2 H), 1.06 - 0.92 (m, 2 H)。表1.
以下化合物係以與實例1
相似的方法使用適合的起始材料製備。
實例#3:
(R)-7-氯-N-((6-氯-4-(甲硫基)-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2-(反式-4-(二甲胺基)環己基)-2,4-二甲基苯并[d][1,3] 二氧呃
-5-羧醯胺
在室溫下向(R)-7-氯-2-(反式-4-(二甲胺基)環己基)-2,4-二甲基苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸(根據專利申請案US2017/0073335 A1中所述的程序製備)(48 mg, 0.1356 mmol)之二甲基亞碸(0.5 mL)溶液添加三乙胺(56.6 µL, 0.407 mmol)及O
-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N
,N
,N
',N
'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(41.2 mg, 0.108 mmol)。由於在5分鐘後以LCMS ([M+H]+
m/z: 368.2)觀察到活化酯的形成不完全,添加額外的O
-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N
,N
,N
',N
'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(16 mg, 0.042 mmol)之二甲基亞碸(1 mL)溶液兩次。在完成酸的活化之後,在室溫下添加3-(胺基甲基)-6-氯-4-(甲基氫硫基)-1,2-二氫吡啶-2-酮鹽酸鹽(65.3 mg, 0.271 mmol)及三乙胺(56.6 µL, 0.407 mmol)於二甲基亞碸 (0.5 mL)中之懸浮液。反應混合物係於60°C下加熱45分鐘,接著用二氯甲烷及水稀釋。有機層係使用疏水性濾器乾燥,且於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由急驟層析法純化[矽膠KP-NH管柱,梯度為0至100%乙酸乙酯的庚烷溶液,接著0至100%乙醇的二氯甲烷溶液,接著0至100%甲醇(具有20%氫氧化銨)之乙酸乙酯溶液],以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(30 mg, 41%產率)。 LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值540.5; 實驗值540.2.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 甲醇-d 4
) δ 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.20 (tt,J
= 3.2, 11.9 Hz, 1H), 2.83 (s, 6H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.16 - 2.08 (m, 4H), 2.02 - 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.54 (dq,J
= 3.4, 12.4 Hz, 2H), 1.47 - 1.37 (m, 2H)。表2.
以下化合物係以與實例3
相似的方法使用適合的起始材料製備。
實例#6 (鏡像異構物1):
7-氯-N-((6-氯-4-(甲硫基)-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2-(4-(二甲胺基)環己基)-2,4-二甲基苯并[d][1,3] 二氧呃
-5-羧醯胺
步驟
1
:
7-
氯
-2,4-
二甲基
-2-(4-((3-(
三氟甲基
)
氧雜環丁
-3-
基
)
胺基
)
環己基
)
苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸之合成
向7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-[4-{[3-(三氟甲基)氧雜環丁-3-基]胺基}環己基]-2H-1,3-二氧呃-5-甲酸甲酯(中間物5 ─ 波峰1) (81 mg, 0.174 mmol)之甲醇(1 mL)溶液添加氫氧化鈉(72 mg, 1.79 mmol)。反應混合物係於60°C下加熱20分鐘,冷卻至0°C,且接著以1 M氫氯酸酸化至pH = 2。接著用二氯甲烷萃取所要產物(三次),合併的有機層係經使用疏水性濾器乾燥。使濾液於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥,以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(70 mg, 89%產率),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值450.1; 實驗值450.2。
步驟
2
:
7-
氯
-2,4-
二甲基
-2-(4-((3-(
三氟甲基
)
氧雜環丁
-3-
基
)
胺基
)
環己基
)
苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸全氟苯酯之合成
在室溫下向7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-(4-((3-(三氟甲基)氧雜環丁-3-基)胺基)環己基)苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸 (70 mg, 155 µmol)之二氯甲烷(0.5 mL)溶液添加吡啶(24.9 µL, 310 µmol)及2,2,2-三氟乙酸2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯酯(39.8 µL, 232 µmol)。在15分鐘之後,反應物係於減壓環境下濃縮以得到標題化合物與副產物之混合物(68 mg, 粗製)。該粗製混合物不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值616.1; 實驗值616.2。
步驟
3
:
7-
氯
-2,4-
二甲基
-N-((6-
甲基
-4-(
甲硫基
)-2-
側氧基
-1,2-
二氫吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲基
)-2-(4-((3-(
三氟甲基
)
氧雜環丁
-3-
基
)
胺基
)
環己基
)
苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
羧醯胺之合成
在室溫下向7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-[4-{[3-(三氟甲基)氧雜環丁-3-基]胺基}環己基]-2H-1,3-二氧呃-5-甲酸2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯酯(≤68 mg, ≤110 µmol)之N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(1 mL)溶液添加3-(胺基甲基)-6-甲基-4-(甲基氫硫基)-1,2-二氫吡啶-2-酮(游離鹼) (30.4 mg, 0.165 mmol)及N,N-二異丙基乙胺(0.1 mL, 574 µmol)。反應物係於50°C下攪拌30分鐘,接著直接添加至C18管柱上以藉由逆相急驟層析法(C18管柱,梯度為5至50%乙腈水溶液,帶有0.1%三氟乙酸)純化,以得到標題化合物之三氟乙酸鹽。將此鹽溶解於二氯甲烷中,且用飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗滌有機層。最後,有機層係於減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥,以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(游離鹼)(42 mg, 62 %產率)。 LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值616.19; 實驗值616.3.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 氯仿-d
) δ 12.62 - 12.44 (m, 1H), 7.16 (t,J
= 5.1 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 6.04 (s, 1H), 4.76 (s, 3H), 4.62 - 4.46 (m, 4H), 2.72 - 2.63 (m, 1H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.92 (d,J
= 5.9 Hz, 4H), 1.80 (br. s., 1H), 1.60 (s, 3H), 1.36 - 1.10 (m, 6H)。表3.
以下化合物係以與實例6
相似的方法使用適合的起始材料製備。 實例 8 : 7- 氯 -N-((4- 氯 -6- 甲基 -2- 側氧基 -1,2- 二氫吡啶 -3- 基 ) 甲基 )-2-(4-(3- 環丙氧基氮雜環丁 -1- 基 ) 環己基 )-2,4- 二甲基苯并 [d][1,3] 二氧呃 -5- 羧醯胺
步驟
1
:
7-
氯
-2-(4-(3-
環丙氧基氮雜環丁
-1-
基
)
環己基
)-2,4-
二甲基苯并
[d][1,3
]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸甲酯之合成
將3-(環丙氧基)四氫吖唉鹽酸鹽(1.9 g, 12.7 mmol)及N,N-二異丙基乙胺(2.7 mL, 15.5 mmol)於甲醇(10 mL)中之溶液在室溫下攪拌1小時,之後添加含有另一種7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-(4-側氧基環己基)-1,3-二氧呃-5-甲酸甲酯(中間物4 ─ 波峰2) (860 mg, 2.54 mmol)之四氫呋喃(30 mL)溶液的溶液。反應混合物係於室溫下攪拌1.5小時,接著冷卻至-70°C。添加氫硼化鋰(120 mg, 5.51 mmol)且在-70°C下攪拌該反應物30分鐘[或直至藉TLC觀察到起始材料完全消耗掉,乙酸乙酯/甲醇5:1]。接著,反應物係以飽和氯化銨水溶液(100 mL)淬滅,並用乙酸乙酯(50 mL × 2)萃取所要產物。合併的有機層係用鹽水(30 mL)洗滌,經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且在減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由急驟層析法(矽膠,梯度為50%至100%之於石油醚中的乙酸乙酯)純化以得到呈黃色油狀物之標題化合物(760 mg, 65%產率, 95%純度)。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值436.1; 實驗值436.0。
步驟
2
:
7-
氯
-2-(4-(3-
環丙氧基氮雜環丁
-1-
基
)
環己基
)-2,4-
二甲基苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
甲酸之合成
向7-氯-2-(4-(3-環丙氧基氮雜環丁-1-基)環己基)-2,4-二甲基苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸甲酯(760 mg, 1.74 mmol)於甲醇(15 mL)與水(3 mL)中之溶液添加氫氧化鋰水合物(962 mg, 22.93 mmol)。反應物係於70°C下攪拌15分鐘,接著於減壓環境下濃縮。添加水(15mL)且在0°C下用飽和檸檬酸水溶液調整pH至6。用10:1之二氯甲烷與異丙醇混合物(30 mL × 3)萃取所要產物。合併的有機層係用鹽水(150 mL × 2)洗滌,經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且在減壓環境下濃縮至乾燥,以得到呈黃色固體之標題化合物(720 mg, 粗製),其不經進一步純化即用於下個步驟中。LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值422.1; 實驗值422.0。
步驟
3
:
7-
氯
-N-((4-
氯
-6-
甲基
-2-
側氧基
-1,2-
二氫吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲基
)-2-(4-(3-
環丙氧基氮雜環丁
-1-
基
)
環己基
)-2,4-
二甲基苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
羧醯胺之合成
向7-氯-2-[4-[3-(環丙氧基)氮雜環丁-1-基]環己基]-2,4-二甲基-1,3-二氧呃-5-甲酸 (360 mg, 0.853 mmol)之N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(4 mL)溶液添加O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(500 mg, 1.31 mmol)及N,N-二異丙基乙胺(1 mL, 5.74 mmol)。在15°C下攪拌該混合物30分鐘,之後添加3-(胺基甲基)-4-氯-6-甲基-1H-吡啶-2-酮鹽酸鹽(中間物6) (250 mg, 1.2 mmol)。反應混合物係於15°C下攪拌額外4小時,接著過濾。濾液係藉由製備型HPLC純化 [管柱:Waters Xbridge (150mm×25mm, 5 µm)。移動相A: 水(0.05% 氫氧化胺 v/v / 移動相B:乙腈。梯度(65至55%移動相A / 35至65%移動相B, 歷時9.5分鐘)。管柱溫度: 30°C],以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(209 mg, 42%產率)。 LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值576.2; 實驗值576.2。1
H NMR (400 MHz, 甲醇-d 4
) δ 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 4.22 (quin,J
= 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (dd,J
= 6.4, 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.31 - 3.25 (m, 1H), 2.99 (dd,J
= 6.3, 8.4 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.12 - 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.99 - 1.85 (m, 5H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.33 - 1.24 (m, 2H), 1.06 - 0.95 (m, 2H), 0.56 - 0.51 (m, 2H), 0.51 - 0.44 (m, 2H)。表4.
以下化合物係以與實例8
相似的方法使用適合的起始材料製備。 實例 14 : (R)-7- 氯 -2,4- 二甲基 -N-((6- 甲基 -4-( 甲硫基 )-2- 側氧基 -1,2- 二氫吡啶 -3- 基 ) 甲基 )-2-(1-(2,2,2- 三氟乙基 ) 哌啶 -4- 基 ) 苯并 [d][1,3 ] 二 氧 呃 -5- 羧醯胺及 (S)-7- 氯 -2,4- 二甲基 -N-((6- 甲基 -4-( 甲硫基 )-2- 側氧基 -1,2- 二氫吡啶 -3- 基 ) 甲基 )-2-(1-(2,2,2- 三氟乙基 ) 哌啶 -4- 基 ) 苯并 [d][1,3 ] 二 氧 呃 -5- 羧醯胺
步驟
1
:
7-
氯
-2,4-
二甲基
-N-((6-
甲基
-4-(
甲硫基
)-2-
側氧基
-1,2-
二氫吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲基
)-2-(1-(2,2,2-
三氟乙基
)
哌啶
-4-
基
)
苯并
[d][1,3
]
二氧呃
-5-
羧醯胺之合成
向7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-[1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)哌啶-4-基]-2H-1,3-二氧呃-5-甲酸2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯酯(中間物8) (752 mg, 1.34 mmol)之二甲基亞碸(4 mL)溶液添加3-(胺基甲基)-6-甲基-4-(甲基氫硫基)-1,2-二氫吡啶-2-酮(中間物1) (740 mg, 4.02 mmol)及N,N-二異丙基乙胺(932 µL, 5.36 mmol)。反應混合物係於60°C下加熱,且在1小時之後添加至C18管柱上以用於純化。所要產物係藉由逆相急驟層析法(C18管柱,梯度為0至100%乙腈水溶液,帶有0.1%三氟乙酸)純化兩次,以得到標題化合物(289 mg, 38%產率),其為呈膠狀之外消旋混合物。
步驟
2
:
(R)-7-
氯
-2,4-
二甲基
-N-((6-
甲基
-4-(
甲硫基
)-2-
側氧基
-1,2-
二氫吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲基
)-2-(1-(2,2,2-
三氟乙基
)
哌啶
-4-
基
)
苯并
[d][1,3
]
二氧呃
-5-
羧醯胺及
(S)-7-
氯
-2,4-
二甲基
-N-((6-
甲基
-4-(
甲硫基
)-2-
側氧基
-1,2-
二氫吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲基
)-2-(1-(2,2,2-
三氟乙基
)
哌啶
-4-
基
)
苯并
[d][1,3
]
二氧呃
-5-
羧醯胺之分離
7-氯-2,4-二甲基-N-((6-甲基-4-(甲硫基)-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2-(1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)哌啶-4-基)苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-羧醯胺 (289 mg)之外消旋混合物係藉由製備型SFC解析[管柱: ChromegaChiral CC4,獲自ES工業公司(250mm×20mm I.D.)。移動相A: CO2
/ 移動相B: 0.25%異丙胺之甲醇溶液。等位(55% 移動相A及45%移動相B)。流速: 80 g/分鐘。管柱溫度: 25°C]。SFC分析方法:管柱: Chiralcel OX-H,獲自Chiral Technologies公司 (100mm×4.6mm I.D.)。移動相A: CO2 / 移動相B: 0.1%異丙胺之甲醇溶液。等位(75%移動相A及25%移動相B)。流速: 4 mL/分鐘。管柱溫度: 40°C。 實例16 (鏡像異構物1) (想要的鏡像異構物/優性異構體):滯留時間= 3.74分鐘(SFC分析方法)。回收率= 90 mg, 12%產率, 99% ee (黃色固體)。 LCMS [M+H]+
m/z:計算值560.2; 實驗值560.2。1
H NMR (400 MHz, 甲醇-d 4
) δ 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.08 - 2.98 (m, 4H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.34 (br t,J
= 11.0 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.93 - 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.83 - 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.60 - 1.47 (m, 2H)。 實例16 (鏡像異構物2) (不想要的鏡像異構物/劣對映體):滯留時間= 4.25分鐘(SFC分析數據)。回收率= 101 mg g, 13%產率, 98% ee, (黃色固體)。 LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值560.2; 實驗值560.2。1
H NMR (400 MHz, 甲醇-d 4
) δ 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.08 - 2.98 (m, 4H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.34 (br t,J
= 11.0 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.93 - 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.83 - 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.60 - 1.47 (m, 2H)。實例 15 : 7- 氯 -N-((4- 氯 -6- 甲基 -2- 側氧基 -1,2- 二氫吡啶 -3- 基 ) 甲基 )-2-(4- (3- 甲氧基氮雜環丁 -1- 基 ) 環己基 )-2,4- 二甲基苯并 [d][1,3] 二氧呃 -5- 羧醯胺
向7-氯-2-(4-(3-甲氧基氮雜環丁-1-基)環己基)-2,4-二甲基苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸 (900 mg, 2.27 mmol)之N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(5 mL)溶液添加O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(1.04 g, 2.73 mmol)及N,N-二異丙基乙胺(2.38 mL, 13.6 mmol)。該混合物係於25°C下攪拌30分鐘,之後添加3-(胺基甲基)-4-氯-6-甲基-1H-吡啶-2-酮鹽酸鹽(中間物6) (710 mg, 3.4 mmol)。反應混合物係於室溫下攪拌額外1.5小時且接著過濾。濾液係藉由製備型HPLC純化兩次 [管柱: YMC-Actus Triart C18 (100mm×30mm, 5 µm)。移動相A:水(0.05%氫氯酸) / 移動相B:乙腈。梯度(85至55%移動相A / 15至45%移動相B, 歷時10分鐘)。管柱溫度: 30°C及管柱: Xtimate C18 (150mm×25mm, 5 µm)。 移動相A:水(0.05%氫氧化銨v/v) / 移動相B:乙腈。梯度(69至39%移動相A / 31至61%移動相B, 歷時7分鐘)。管柱溫度: 30°C],以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(533 mg, 43%產率, >99%純度)。 LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值550.2; 實驗值550.1.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 氯仿-d
) δ 11.97 (br, 1H), 7.06 - 7.03 (m, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.19 (s, 1H), 4.65 (d,J
= 6.0Hz, 2H), 4.05 - 4.01 (m, 1H), 3.66 - 3.62 (m, 2H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 2.93 - 2.90 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.93 - 1.81 (m, 6H), 1.60 (s, 3H), 1.25 - 1.02 (m, 4H)。實例 16 : (R)-7- 氯 -N-((4- 氯 -6- 甲基 -2- 側氧基 -1,2- 二氫吡啶 -3- 基 ) 甲基 )-2,4- 二甲基 -2-(1-(2,2,2- 三氟乙基 ) 哌啶 -4- 基 ) 苯并 [d][1,3 ] 二 氧 呃 -5- 羧醯胺 及 (S)-7- 氯 -N-((4- 氯 -6- 甲基 -2- 側氧基 -1,2- 二氫吡啶 -3- 基 ) 甲基 )-2,4- 二甲基 -2-(1-(2,2,2- 三氟乙基 ) 哌啶 -4- 基 ) 苯并 [d][1,3 ] 二 氧 呃 -5- 羧醯胺
步驟
1
:
7-
氯
-N-((4-
氯
-6-
甲基
-2-
側氧基
-1,2-
二氫吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲基
)-2,4-
二甲基
-2-(1-(2,2,2-
三氟乙基
)
哌啶
-4-
基
)
苯并
[d][1,3
]
二氧呃
-5-
羧醯胺之合成
向7-氯-2,4-二甲基-2-[1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)哌啶-4-基]-2H-1,3-二氧呃-5-甲酸2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯酯(中間物8) (188 mg, 0.3358 mmol)之二甲基亞碸 (1 mL)溶液添加3-(胺基甲基)-4-氯-6-甲基-1,2-二氫吡啶-2-酮鹽酸鹽(中間物6) (70.2 mg, 0.336 mmol)及N,N-二異丙基乙胺(233 µL, 1.34 mmol)。反應混合物係於60°C下加熱,且在1小時之後添加至C18管柱上以用於純化。所要產物係藉由逆相急驟層析法(C18管柱,梯度為0至100%乙腈水溶液,帶有0.1%三氟乙酸)純化兩次,以得到標題化合物(180 mg, 98%產率),其為呈膠狀之外消旋混合物。
步驟
2
:
(R)-7-
氯
-N-((4-
氯
-6-
甲基
-2-
側氧基
-1,2-
二氫吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲基
)-2,4-
二甲基
-2-(1-(2,2,2-
三氟乙基
)
哌啶
-4-
基
)
苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
羧醯胺及
(S)-7-
氯
-N-((4-
氯
-6-
甲基
-2-
側氧基
-1,2-
二氫吡啶
-3-
基
)
甲基
)-2,4-
二甲基
-2-(1-(2,2,2-
三氟乙基
)
哌啶
-4-
基
)
苯并
[d][1,3]
二氧呃
-5-
羧醯胺之分離
7-氯-N-((4-氯-6-甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2,4-二甲基-2-(1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)哌啶-4-基)苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-羧醯胺 (180 mg)之外消旋混合物係藉由製備型SFC解析 [管柱: ChromegaChiral CC4,獲自ES工業公司(250mm×20mm I.D.)。移動相A: CO2
/ 移動相B: 0.25%異丙胺之甲醇溶液。等位(65%移動相A及35%移動相B)。流速: 80 g/分鐘。管柱溫度: 25 ̊C]。 SFC分析方法: 管柱: Chiralcel OZ-H,獲自Chiral Technologies公司 (100mm×4.6mm I.D., xxµm)。移動相A: CO2 / 移動相B: 0.1%異丙胺之甲醇溶液。等位(65%移動相及35%移動相B)。流速: 4 mL/分鐘。管柱溫度: 40°C。 實例17 (鏡像異構物1) (所要鏡像異構物/優性異構體):滯留時間= 0.73分鐘(SFC分析方法)。回收率= 61 mg, 33%產率, 100% ee (黃色固體)。 實例17 (鏡像異構物2) (不想要的鏡像異構物/劣對映體):滯留時間=0.98分鐘(SFC分析方法)。回收率= 63 mg, 34%產率, 97 ee, (黃色固體)。 LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值548.1; 實驗值548.2.1
H NMR (400 MHz, 甲醇-d 4
) δ 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 3.04 (q,J
= 9.8 Hz, 4H), 2.35 (br t,J
= 11.0 Hz, H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.95 - 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.85 - 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.63 (s, 3H), 1.62 - 1.50 (m, 2H)。實例 17 : 7- 氯 -2-(4-(3- 甲氧基氮雜環丁 -1- 基 ) 環己基 )-2,4- 二甲基 -N-((6- 甲基 -4-( 甲硫基 )-2- 側氧基 -1,2- 二氫吡啶 -3- 基 ) 甲基 ) 苯并 [d][1,3] 二氧呃 -5- 羧醯胺
向7-氯-2-(4-(3-甲氧基氮雜環丁-1-基)環己基)-2,4-二甲基苯并[d][1,3]二氧呃-5-甲酸 (中間物9 – 單一鏡像異構物及幾何異構物) (5 g, 12.63 mmol)之N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(50 mL)溶液添加O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(5.7 g, 14.99 mmol)及N,N-二異丙基乙胺(11 mL, 63.15 mmol)。該混合物係於20°C下攪拌30分鐘,之後添加3-(胺基甲基)-6-甲基-4-(甲硫基)吡啶-2(1H)-酮鹽酸鹽(中間物1) (4.2 g, 19.03 mmol)。反應混合物係於室溫下攪拌額外1.5小時且接著過濾。濾液係藉由製備型HPLC純化 [管柱: Phenomenex Gemini C18 (250mm×50mm, 10 µm)。移動相A: 水(0.04%氫氧化銨v/v 及10 mM碳酸氫銨) / 移動相B:乙腈。梯度(75至44%移動相A / 25至56%移動相B,歷時23分鐘)。管柱溫度: 30°C],以得到呈白色固體之標題化合物(4.4 g, 60%產率, 96%純度)。 LCMS [M+H]+
m/z: 計算值562.2; 實驗值562.2。1
H NMR (400 MHz, 甲醇-d 4
) δ 6.91 (s, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 4.01 (quin,J
= 6 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (dd,J
= 8.8, 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 2.92 - 3.02 (m, 2H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.01 - 2.11 (m, 1H), 1.79 - 2.00 (m, 5H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.19 - 1.34 (m, 2H), 0.91 - 1.08 (m, 2H)。EZH2 測定法 使用 EZH2 測量抑制劑的 IC50
EZH2生物化學測定
(IC50
):化合物效價係通過將3
H-SAM併入經生物素化的H3肽來評估。具體而言,在總體積為12.5 µl之50 mM Tris (pH 8.5)、1 mM DTT、0.07 mM Brij-35、0.1% BSA及0.8% DMSO中,將30 pM之含有野生型(wt) EZH2 (內部製備的五聚體複合物)的PRC2與450 nM SAM、450 nM3
H-SAM、2 µM H3K27me3活化肽(H2
N-RKQLATKAAR(Kme3)SAPATGGVKKP-醯胺)及化合物(以10個點在DMSO中二重複劑量反應滴定,最終濃度為0.8% DMSO (v/v))預培養3至5小時。以在12.5 µl中含有2 µM儲備液之經生物素化H3受質肽(H2
N-RKQLATKAAR(Kme1)SAPATGGVKKP-NTPEGBiot)引發反應,並使其在室溫下反應18至22小時。添加20 µl的停止液(STOP solution, 50 mM Tris (pH 8.5), 200 mM EDTA, 2 mM SAH)以完成淬滅。將35 µl之經淬滅溶液轉移至塗覆有鏈黴親和素之閃爍近接微量測定盤(FlashPlates, PerkinElmer)培養1至2小時,洗滌,且於TopCount 讀取器(PerkinElmer)中進行讀數。在Genedata Screener軟體中使用非線性最小平方四參數擬合來計算IC50
,其中的四參數為IC50
、希爾斜率(Hill slope)、預過渡基線(0% INH)、及後過渡基線(100% INH)。在 HeLa 細胞測定法中測量抑制劑的 IC50
H3K27me3 Alpha Hela 測定法 (AlphaLISA)
。在二重複之384孔經組織培養物處理培養盤(目錄# 6007680; Perkin Elmer公司, Waltham, MA)中接種十個不同劑量之各測試化合物(一連串3倍稀釋)。在培養物中生長之Hela (希拉)細胞經胰蛋白酶化且使用Countess®細胞計數器(目錄# C10281; Life Technologies公司, Grand Island, NY)計數。在10% DMEM (目錄# 10569-010; Life Technologies公司, Grand Island, NY)中將細胞稀釋至每毫升67,000個細胞,且使用Biotek MicroFloTM
選擇分配器(BioTek Instruments公司, Inc. Vermont, USA)將15µL (1,000個細胞)接種至該384孔盤的各個孔中。使培養盤在37⁰C /5% CO2
下培養72小時。二重複培養盤中之一者係針對HeLa測定處理,另一者係針對存活率處理。
向針對AlphaLISA處理之培養盤中添加每孔5 μL細胞-組蛋白溶解緩衝液(1X) (目錄# AL009F1 Perkin Elmer公司; Waltham, MA),且在室溫下使培養盤在培養盤振盪器(型號# 4625-Q; Thermo Scientific公司; Waltham, MA))上低速培養30分鐘。接著,每孔添加10 μL組蛋白萃取緩衝液(目錄# AL009F2; Perkin Elmer公司; Waltham, MA),且在室溫下進一步使培養盤於培養盤振盪器上低速培養20分鐘。接著,在各孔中添加10 μL的抗K27me3受體珠加生物素標記之抗組蛋白H3 (C封端)抗體(最終稀釋至3 nM)之5X混合物(目錄#AL118 Perkin Elmer公司; Waltham, MA)。用藉由所提供10X儲備液稀釋而產生之1X組蛋白偵測緩衝液(目錄#AL009F3 Perkin;Waltham, MA)來稀釋受體珠及抗組蛋白H3。用鋁板密封器密封培養盤,且在23°C培養60分鐘。接著,添加10 μL的鏈黴親和素供體珠(目錄#6760002; Perkin Elmer公司; Waltham, MA) (1X組蛋白偵測緩衝液中最終濃度為20 µg/mL)之5X溶液,用鋁板密封器密封培養盤並且在23°C培養30分鐘。接著使用EnVision-Alpha讀取器(型號# 2104; Perkin Elmer公司; Waltham, MA)對培養盤進行讀數。
藉由向具有細胞及培養液之各孔中添加15 μL的Cell Titer Glo ((目錄#G9241 Promega公司, Madison, WI)來測定細胞存活率。於室溫下使培養盤在培養盤振盪器上低速培養15至20分鐘。接著使用EnVision-Alpha讀取器(型號# 2104; Perkin Elmer公司; Waltham, MA) 對培養盤進行讀數。在 Karpas-422 存活率測定法中測量抑制劑的 GI50
Karpas-422細胞株係獲自DSMZ公司(Braunschweig, Germany)且生長在RPMI-1640培養液中。全部的培養液皆含有10%胎牛血清(FBS)及1%盤尼西林/鏈黴素(Invitrogen公司)。以每孔2萬個細胞接種至96孔之塗覆有化合物的培養盤上。每四天將細胞分離且以原接種密度接種至含有新鮮EZH2抑制劑的培養盤內。在第8天以Cell Titer-Glo發光細胞存活率測定(Promega公司)來評估相對細胞數量。使用GraphPad Prism 5進行曲線擬合且報告GI50
數值。數據係顯示在表 5
中。表5. 停留時間的測量
EZH2 停留時間測定
:藉由監測在100倍稀釋之預形成的酶-抑制劑複合物(稀釋反應)之後酶活性的回復性,且將其與全部試劑最終濃度相同之未稀釋對照組的活性(對照反應)進行比較,來評估化合物停留時間。藉由將3
H-SAM併入經生物素化H3肽內來測量酶活性。對於該稀釋反應,將20 nM之含有野生型EZH2 (內部製備的五聚體複合物)的PRC2與1 µM的活化肽(H2
N-RKQLATKAAR(Kme3)SAPATGGVKKP-醯胺)及具有其Ki
之600倍的化合物,預培養在40 µL的緩衝液(50 mM Tris pH 8.5, 4 mM DTT, 1 mM MgCl2
, 0.07 mM Brij-35及0.1 mg/mL BSA)中2小時,接著稀釋100倍,且藉由將1.4 µL轉移至138.6 µL體積之含有1 µM活性肽、5.05 µM受質肽(H2
N-RKQLATKAARKSAPATGGVKKP-NTPEGbiot)、1.01 µM SAM及1.01 µM3
H-SAM的緩衝液中來引發反應。對於該對照反應,將0.202 nM之PRC2與1 µM的活化肽、1.01 µM SAM、1.01 µM3
H-SAM、及具有其Ki
之6.06倍的化合物,預培養在138.6 µL的緩衝液中2小時,接著藉由添加1.4 µL之500 µM受質肽水溶液來引發反應。藉由將8 µL等分試樣從反應容器轉移至每孔含有8 µL停止液(50 mM Tris, pH 8.5, 200 mM EDTA, 2 mM SAH)的培養盤中,以跨越10小時之不同時間點使反應物淬滅。在最後一個時間點之後,將12 µL之經淬滅溶液轉移至塗覆有鏈黴親和素的閃爍近接微量測定盤(PerkinElmer),每孔含有40 µL的停止液,培養1至8小時,洗滌,並在TopCount平盤讀取器中讀數(PerkinElmer)。
使用自定義指令檔將控制反應進度數據擬合為直線及稀釋反應進度數據:
其中為形成的產物,為反應時間,為初始速度,為穩態速度,而為從曲線的初始速度相位轉換到曲線的穩態速度相位之速率常數。在擬合稀釋反應進度數據時,係受限於擬合該對照反應進度數據的線斜率。接著將
的擬合數據轉換為停留時間:
其中為停留時間,為抑制常數,為酶-抑制劑複合物的計算平衡濃度,為游離酶的計算平衡濃度,而為游離抑制劑的計算平衡濃度。在 MDCK 測定法中抑制劑之細胞 滲透性測量
細胞培養
:將MDCK II細胞(獲自荷蘭癌症研究所(Netherlands Cancer Institute)的Piet Borst)以每毫升2.5 x 105
個細胞接種在96孔的BD插入系統中之聚乙烯膜(PET)上直至4至7天,以用於形成融合細胞單層。
實驗程序
:測試化合物及參考化合物(納多洛爾(nadolol)、美托洛爾(metoprolol)及地高辛(digoxin))係以運輸緩衝液(HBSS with 10mM Hepes, pH7.4)從儲備液稀釋到2 µM (<1% DMSO)的濃度,且塗佈於該細胞單層的頂部(A)或底側面(B)。用P-gp抑制劑(GF120918, 10 µM)以二重複判定測試化合物從A到B方向或B到A方向的滲透性。也測試了10 μM的地高辛(Digoxin)在有/沒有P-gp抑制劑(GF120918, 10 µM)的情況下之從A到B方向或B到A方向的滲透性,同時以二重複測試2 μM的納多洛爾(nadolol)及美托洛爾(metoprolol)在沒有P-gp抑制劑(GF120918, 10 µM)的情況下之從A到B方向滲透性。培養盤係於CO2
培養箱中在37±1°C下以5% CO2
及飽和溼度在不振盪下培養2.5小時。此外,也測定了每種化合物的流出比率。測試化合物及參考化合物係藉由LC/MS/MS分析基於分析物/IS的波峰區域比率來定量。在轉運測定之後,應用螢光黃排斥測定法來判定細胞單層的完整性。從頂部及底側面腔室移除緩衝液,隨後分別在頂部腔室及底側面腔室中添加75 µL之在運輸緩衝液中的100 µM螢光黃及250 µL的運輸緩衝液。使培養盤在37°C下以5% CO2
及95%相對溼度在不振盪下培養30分鐘。在培養30分鐘之後,從頂側取出20 µL螢光黃樣本,隨後添加60 µL運輸緩衝液。且接著從底側面取出80 µL的螢光黃樣本。螢光黃之相對螢光單位(RFU)係以Molecular Device公司的M2e平盤讀取器在425/528 nm (激發/發光)下測量。
數據分析
:表面滲透係數Papp (cm/s)係使用以下方程式計算:
Papp
= (dCr
/dt) x Vr
/ (A x C0
)
其中dCr
/dt為接收室中化合物的累積濃度,做為時間的函數(µM/s);Vr
為接收室中的溶液體積(在頂側上為0.075 mL,在底側面為0.25 mL);A為轉運的表面積,即該單層細胞的面積為0.0804 cm2
; C0
為供體室中的初始濃度(µM)。
流出比率係使用以下方程式計算:
流出比率 = Papp
(BA) / Papp
(AB)
回收率係使用以下方程式計算:
%回收= 100 x [(Vr
x Cr
) + (Vd
x Cd
)] / (Vd
x C0
)
其中Vd
為供體室的體積(在頂側上為0.075 mL,在底側面為0.25 mL); Cd
及 Cr
分別為供體室及接收室中轉運化合物的最終濃度。
Claims (23)
- 一種式I 化合物:(I ); 或其醫藥學上可接受的鹽,其中: R1 為鹵基、-S(C1 -C4 )烷基、-S(C3 -C7 )環烷基或–S[鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基]; X為CH或N; R2 為氫、鹵基、(C1 -C4 )烷基或鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基; R3 為鹵基、(C1 -C4 )烷基或鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基; R4 為(C3 -C7 )環烷基或4-7員雜環基,其每一者視情況經1至3個選自以下之基團取代:鹵基、(C1 -C4 )烷基、鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基、(C1 -C4 )烷氧基、鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷氧基及-NRa Rb ; Ra 為氫、(C1 -C4 )烷基或鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基; Rb 為(C1 -C4 )烷基、鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基或4-7員雜環基,其中所述雜環基視情況經1至3個選自以下之基團取代:鹵基、(C1 -C4 )烷基、鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基、(C1 -C4 )烷氧基及鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷氧基;或 Ra 及Rb 連同其所連接之氮原子一起形成4至7員雜環基,該4至7員雜環基視情況經1至3個選自以下之基團取代:鹵基、(C1 -C4 )烷基、鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基及-ORc ; Rc 為(C1 -C4 )烷基、鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基或(C3 -C7 )環烷基;以及 R5 為鹵基、(C1 -C4 )烷基或鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其中: R1 為鹵基或-S(C1 -C4 )烷基; R2 為鹵基; R3 為(C1 -C4 )烷基; R4 為(C3 -C7 )環烷基或(C4 -C7 )雜環基,其每一者視情況經視情況經1至2個選自鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基及-NRa Rb 之基團取代; Ra 為氫或(C1 -C4 )烷基; Rb 為(C1 -C4 )烷基或(C4 -C7 )雜環基,其中所述雜環基視情況經鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基;或 Ra 及Rb 連同其所連接之氮原子一起形成4至7員之含氮雜環基,該4至7員含氮雜環基視情況經1至3個選自鹵基及-ORc 之基團取代; Rc 為(C1 -C4 )烷基、鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基或(C3 -C7 )環烷基;以及 R5 為鹵基或(C1 -C4 )烷基。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之化合物,其中R1 為氯。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物,其中R1 為–SCH3 。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之化合物,其中R4 為環己基或哌啶基,其每一者視情況經1至2個選自鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基及-NRa Rb 之基團取代。
- 如請求項1至6及9至11中任一項之化合物,其中Rb 為(C1 -C4 )烷基或氧雜環丁烷基,其中所述氧雜環丁烷基視情況經鹵基(C1 -C4 )烷基取代;或Ra 及Rb 連同其所連接之氮原子一起形成視情況經鹵基或-ORc 取代之氮雜環丁基。
- 如請求項1至6及9至12中任一項之化合物,其中Ra 為氫或甲基;且Rb 為甲基或氧雜環丁烷基,其中所述氧雜環丁烷基視情況經‑CH2 F或-CF3 取代。
- 如請求項1至6及9至13中任一項之化合物,其中Ra 及Rb 連同其所連接之氮原子一起形成視情況經1至2個氟或-ORc 取代之氮雜環丁基;而Rc 為-CH3 、-CHF2 或環丙基。
- 如請求項1至17中任一項之化合物,其中1,3-二氧戊環基之掌性中心之立體化學組態為R。
- 如請求項1至17中任一項之化合物,其中1,3-二氧戊環基之掌性中心之立體化學組態為S。
- 一種醫藥組成物,其包括如請求項1至20中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受的鹽;及醫藥學上可接受的載劑。
- 一種在個體中治療癌症之方法,包括向該個體投予治療有效量之如請求項1至20中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受的鹽,或投予如請求項21之組成物。
- 如請求項22之方法,其中該癌症係選自乳癌、前列腺癌、結腸癌、腎細胞癌、多形性神經膠質母細胞瘤癌、膀胱癌、黑色素瘤、支氣管癌、淋巴瘤、肝膽管型肝瘤(cholangiosarcoma)、多發性骨髓瘤、肺癌、卵巢癌及肝癌。
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JP2019168611A (ja) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-10-03 | 株式会社Adeka | 光学フィルタ |
WO2019191558A1 (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-03 | San Diego State University (SDSU) Foundation, dba San Diego State University Research Foundation | Methods for mitigating and preventing proteostasis-based injuries |
PT3781561T (pt) | 2018-04-18 | 2024-06-18 | Constellation Pharmaceuticals Inc | Moduladores de enzimas modificadoras de metilo, composições e usos dos mesmos |
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