RU2801955C1 - Snow swamp vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: off-road wheeled vehicles.

SUBSTANCE: snow and swamp vehicle comprises a closed body mounted on a chassis with a wheel arrangement of 4×4, large diameter and low pressure tires, final drives. The control system is equipped with a differential side steering mechanism by means of the automatic transmission differential. There are only two final drives in the design, the bodies of which are made of aluminium. The brake system and the control system are made combined. Mudguards are made in the form of hydrodynamic grilles and are placed above the wheels in the rear of the body.

EFFECT: increased cross-country ability in reaching the minimum turning radius.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to self-propelled vehicles, in particular to transport engineering, namely to off-road wheeled vehicles that are used in off-road conditions, on virgin snow, swamps, loose sand, in the tundra with vegetation preserved.

Known SUV, including a chassis, a front axle connected to the chassis, a rear axle connected to the chassis, a power unit connected to the chassis, a cab connected to the chassis, a rear module connected to the chassis behind the cab. The transmission is configured to drive at least one of the front axle or the rear axle. Rear module, selectively reconfigurable between multiple configurations (Application No. US20210380179A1. Published 2021-12-09).

However, the well-known SUV is not intended for use in difficult climatic conditions and off-road conditions, due to the presence of an open cabin, low geometric cross-country ability, high operating weight, small diameter wheels, and the presence of three axles. In addition, the design of the famous SUV is not amphibious.

It is known that the cab of a vehicle, such as an all-terrain vehicle, a tractor or a small construction machine, is made of two-layer plastic panels that are easy to assemble, preferably with snap-in locking elements. One of the panels may be a door panel with a door hinged to the door frame to control passage through the doorway. Both the door and the door frame have spaced hinges that alternate along the hinge axis to allow the door to pivot around the hinge pin (Patent No. US 7,216,926. Published May 15, 2007).

However, the known vehicle having a cabin made of plastic panels cannot be used in difficult road conditions, namely swamps, sands, snow and ice cover, due to a possible violation of the integrity of the cabin made of plastic panels. In addition, the known vehicle is not amphibious, has a small diameter wheels.

Known all-terrain vehicle with parallel seats (ATV-Quads), including the chassis; engine supported by the chassis; a gearbox supported by the chassis; pairs of front and rear wheels attached to the chassis for operation; and connected to the gearbox for movement; a pair of separated landing surfaces supported by the landing gear (Patent No. ES2436204T3. Published 2013-12-27).

However, the well-known all-terrain vehicle is not intended for use in difficult climatic conditions and off-road conditions, due to the presence of an open cabin, low geometric cross-country ability, high operating weight, small wheel diameter. Also, it is not amphibious.

Known snow and swamp-going vehicle containing an articulated frame, a cab, a body, a mover, which is a wheel with low-pressure tires, an engine and a transmission, including a clutch, a gearbox, a transfer gearbox, main gears of the front and rear axles, connected by cardan shafts with a transfer gearbox, onboard longitudinal balancers, rear axle brake, steering, in which the axle shafts of the axles and the axles of the wheels are equipped with sprockets connected by chain drives, the front axle is equipped with an additional brake, the output shaft of the gearbox is connected directly to the input shaft of the transfer gearbox, and the onboard longitudinal balancers are pivotally mounted on beams of the front and rear axles (Patent No. RU120624. Published on September 27, 2012).

However, the well-known snow and swamp vehicle has a rather complex and massive transmission, including cardan shafts, longitudinal balancers, complex and massive steering, including sprockets and chain drives, which reduces the reliability of the above systems and adversely affects efficiency.

A snow and swamp-going vehicle is known, containing a sealed housing with a passenger compartment and a cabin, an engine with a transmission and a gearbox, a chassis with a clearance of 400 mm, including three pairs of bridges mounted on suspensions, a control device, a lighting system, the passage to the passenger compartment is carried out from the tailgate, where the main entrance to the snow and swamp vehicle is located, in which the body includes a frame welded from steel pipes, is equipped with a heater, ventilation systems, cleaning, blowing and washing the front glass, is made with a thermal and noise-insulating coating with overall dimensions of 4100 × 2250 × 2100 mm, track width of 1800 mm , curb weight 1400 kg, load capacity 500 kg, the front axle is made leading with a gearbox transmitting torque to the steered wheels, and mounted on an independent suspension with telescopic shock absorbers with upper and lower small-leaf transverse springs, the middle and rear axles are made leading with gearboxes transmitting torque moment to non-steered wheels, and are mounted on independent suspensions with telescopic shock absorbers and springs (Patent No. RU158277. Published December 27, 2015).

However, the well-known snow and swamp vehicle has a complex structure with three bridges, two of which are unmanaged, which creates certain difficulties when moving on difficult terrain. The bridged design is very complex and therefore less reliable than differential side turning. The high combined weight of the three axles worsens the ratio of operating weight / load capacity.

Known block side turn snow and swamp vehicle containing a central gearbox with a driven shaft, which is symmetrically mounted on both sides of the friction mechanisms, including friction discs, in which the driven shaft is made up of three parts: the central part, which is part of the central gearbox, the right shaft and the left the side turn shaft, while on both sides relative to the central gearbox on the driven shaft there are also brake mechanisms, drive sprockets of the front and rear wheels and rotational clutches of the left and right sides, and the brake mechanisms are made of brake discs and brake calipers alternately installed on the driven shaft, and friction mechanisms include friction calipers (Patent No. RU191091. Published on 07/23/2019).

However, the design of the known technical solution is significantly more complex than that of the proposed mechanism, has more details, is less technologically advanced. Brake discs and calipers are obviously located inside the body of the snow and swamp vehicle, which leads to their rapid overheating and a significant decrease in efficiency, even at low intensity work. Thus, for the efficient operation of the block, the introduction of additional elements for its cooling is required, which will further complicate the design.

An off-road vehicle is known - a snow and swamp-going vehicle, containing a cabin for the driver and a passenger, a cargo platform, a frame, a propulsion system, a transfer case, a front axle with a suspension and a rear axle with a suspension on leaf springs, each of which includes a final drive, while the box gears, transfer case, front and rear axles are interconnected by cardan shafts, while the main gear is formed by a gear shaft and is equal to 4, 13, while the suspension of the front axle is made of spring, the axle shaft - with a pipe or spacers and with the formation of a front and rear track bridges, equal to 1825 mm each, while the cabin for the driver and passenger and the cargo platform are formed by a pickup body with niches for wheels with a dimension of 1300 × 600 × 533.

However, the known technical solution is more complex than the proposed design, having more weight and lower efficiency. The well-known snow and swamp vehicle has a large turning radius and low geometric cross-country ability.

A snow and swamp vehicle is known, having the trade name "SHERP", containing a cab mounted on a chassis with a wheelbase of 4x4 tubeless tires of ultra-low pressure, equipped with a side turn (Information resource: https://sherp.ru/sherp_n).

However, the known snow and swamp vehicle has large dimensions, which negatively affects the ability to maneuver in cramped conditions (forest, buildings). Structurally, the rotation mechanism due to frictions is an element that makes the structure heavier and more complicated, because implies the installation between the gearbox and final drives of two additional mechanisms (friction clutches). The installation of friction clutches complicates the design, which in turn reduces reliability and maintainability. The large width and diameter of the wheels of the famous snow and swamp vehicle had a negative impact on the interior of the cabin, significantly reducing the distance between the wheel arches, and also significantly raising the window sill line, so the width of the cabin at shoulder level is equal to the width - at the level of the feet, and it is not enough for comfortable placement crew. The special tire profile of the known snow and swamp vehicle has developed tread surfaces in the transverse direction, and does not have developed surfaces in the longitudinal direction, which would prevent side slip on a slope. This disadvantage is significant, when driving along a slope on a surface with a low coefficient of adhesion (ice, snow, clay, sand), the known snow and swamp vehicle moves down the slope, regardless of the operator's control actions (it is uncontrollable).

The objective of the present invention is to expand the arsenal of technical means intended for use in difficult terrain.

The technical result is manifested in an increase in the cross-country ability and carrying capacity of the vehicle without increasing its mass and overall dimensions, in protecting the crew and transported goods from adverse weather conditions, in the absence of restrictions on the depth of the ford to be overcome, in the possibility of installing tires with an opposite arrangement of lugs, the possibility of braking with a turn of a vehicle, to achieve a floating speed of 5 km/h without the use of additional propellers, to maintain the same carrying capacity, both afloat and on the ground, to achieve a minimum turning radius of not more than 3 m, to achieve a combination of high geometric cross-country ability as basic and off-road, in the possibility of installing hydrodynamic gratings, in preserving the soil layer when moving along it.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that in the snow and swamp-going vehicle, containing a small-sized closed body, mounted on a chassis with a 4x4 wheel formula, equipped with large-diameter and low-pressure tires, a transmission with a gearbox, a brake system, a control system, a transmission and mudguards, a differential side turn scheme is used due to the automatic transmission differential, only two final drives are used in the transmission, the cases of which are made of aluminum, the braking system and the control system are combined, the mudguards are made in the form of hydrodynamic grilles and are placed above the wheels in the rear of the case.

It is advisable to adjust the tension of the transmission drive chain by equipping it with a tension unit, which is made of a tensioner sprocket mounted on the axis of the tensioner sprocket, while a tensioner screw is placed above the sprocket axis, which is equipped with an elastic element made in the form of a spring.

The present invention is explained by a detailed description, diagrams, on which:

Fig. 1 shows a main front view of a snow and swamp vehicle according to the invention;

Fig. 2 - right side view;

Fig. 3 - top view;

Fig. 4 - the main view of the transmission (gearbox) of the snow and swamp vehicle in section;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view of the assembly of the brake system with the control system, the same as in FIG. 4.

Fig. 6 - assembly of the brake system with the control system on an enlarged scale, the same as in Fig.5

The snow and swamp vehicle contains a closed housing 1 (hereinafter referred to as the housing) mounted on a chassis with a 4x4 wheel formula (Figure 1). The sides of the upper part of the housing 1 are made inclined from top to bottom to the horizontal plane. Housing 1 is equipped with windshields 2, 3. Corner front windows 4, 5. Headlights 6, 7 are installed on the front of the housing. Between them there is a front door 8 in the lower part of the housing 1, oriented under the windshield 3. Rear-view mirrors 9 and 10 are installed on both sides of the housing 1. Oil baths 11 and 12 of the wheel chain drive are fixed in the lower part of the housing 1. The body is mounted on the chassis 13, on the axes of which a pair of front wheels 14, 15 and a pair of rear wheels 16 and 17 are fixed (not shown). The wheels are fitted with large-diameter, low-pressure tires. Wings 18 and 19 are located above the wheels. Lifting grips 20 and 21, made in the form of eyebolts, are fixed on the upper part of the body. An information plate 22 is located on the front of the housing 1.

The side inclined parts of the body 1 are equipped with side windows 23, 24 (not shown) and 25, 26 (not shown), which are located on the upper inclined part of the body 1 (Fig. 2). Service doors 27 and 28 (not shown) are made between the side windows 23-26, respectively. A fuel tank 29 is installed in the lower part of the housing 1. Above the wheels 15 and 17, mud flaps are installed, made in the form of hydrodynamic gratings 30 and 31 (not shown), which are located above the wheels in the rear of the housing 1. In addition, the gearbox housing 32 is fixed from the bottom of the housing 1 associated with the onboard brake 33. In the design of the propulsion system, including the transmission, two final drives 32 are used. The gear housings 32 are made of aluminum. Each of the wheels 14, 15, 16, 17 is equipped with a crane 34 of the wheel paging system. The control system is equipped with a differential side turn mechanism due to the automatic transmission differential. The brake system and the control system are made combined.

The rear upper inclined part of the body 1 is equipped with a central glass 35 and two side windows 36, 37 (Fig. 3). In addition, hatches 38 and 39 - emergency exits - are made on the upper part of the hull.

The combined gearboxes 32 on the right and left are absolutely identical. An onboard brake 33 is placed in the aluminum housing of each combined gearbox 32 (Fig. 4). The onboard brake contains a brake caliper 40. The brake mechanism includes caliper guides 41 and 42 connected to the brake disc 43. The brake disc is located on the drive shaft 44 with the drive gear 45 mounted on it. drive sprocket 48. Drive sprocket 48 is connected to a drive chain 49 which is interconnected with the tension assembly. The latter is made of a tensioner sprocket 50 mounted on the axis 51 of the tensioner sprocket 50. At the same time, a tensioner screw 52 is located above the axis of the sprocket 51. The latter is equipped with an elastic element 53, made in the form of a spring. In addition, the drive chain 49 is connected to the driven sprocket 54 mounted on the axle 55, located in the hub 56. The aluminum housing (casing) of each gearbox 32 is equipped with a drain plug 57.

The drive chain 58 is indirectly connected to the drive shaft 44 (FIGS. 5, 6). A drive shaft flange 59 is mounted on the drive shaft 44. In addition, at the opposite end of the drive shaft 44, a hub housing 60 is installed, on which a flange 61 of the brake disc 43 is fixed.

An example of the execution and use of a snow and swamp vehicle.

Produce a closed case 1 (hereinafter referred to as the case) (Fig.1-6). The sides of the upper part of the body 1 are inclined from top to bottom to the horizontal plane. The front door 8 is located in the lower part of the body 1, orienting to the left under the windshield 3. Lifting grips 20 and 21 in the form of eyebolts are fixed on the upper part of the body. Hatches 38 and 39 are made on the upper part of the body1 - emergency exits.

In the design of the transmission, two onboard gearboxes 32 are used. Gearboxes 32 are made of aluminum. The control system is equipped with a differential side turn mechanism due to the automatic transmission differential. The braking system and the control system are combined.

Each of the wheels 14, 15, 16, 17 is equipped with a crane 34 of the wheel paging system.

The housing of each gearbox 32 is made of aluminum.

Oil baths 11 and 12 of the wheel chain drive are fixed on the chassis with the wheel formula 4x4. A transmission is installed from the bottom of the housing 1, namely, the gearbox housing 32 is fixed, which is connected to the onboard brake 33. Two onboard gearboxes 32 are used in the transmission design. The brake system and the control system are combined. The housing of the second gearbox 32 is connected to the second side brake 33.

Fuel tank 29 is installed on both sides of the body 1.

Above the wheels 15 and 17, mudguards are installed in the form of hydrodynamic grids 30 and 31 (not shown), which are placed above the wheels in the rear of the body 1.

The body 1 is installed on the chassis 13. The body 1 is equipped with side windows 23, 24, 25, 26 between the service doors 27, 28, the central glass 35 and two side windows 36, 37.

A closed case 1 made of metal is mounted on a chassis 13, on the axles of which a pair of front wheels 14, 15 and a pair of rear wheels 16 and 17 are fixed. The wheels are equipped with large diameter and low pressure tires. Wings 18 and 19 are placed above the wheels.

An information plate 22 is placed on the front of the housing 1.

Outside, on the side of the body 1, to increase the safety of operation and comfort, rear-view mirrors 9 and 10 are installed.

In addition, hatches 38 and 39 - emergency exits - are made on the upper part of the hull.

The gearboxes 32 on the right and left perform absolutely identically. An onboard brake 33 is placed in the aluminum housing of each gearbox 32. The onboard brake has a brake caliper 40. The brake mechanism includes caliper guides 41 and 42, which are connected to the brake disc 43. The brake disc is placed on the drive shaft 44, on which the drive gear 45 is mounted. In a small casing 46, a driven shaft 47 is placed, on which the drive sprocket 48 is fixed. The drive sprocket 48 and the driven sprocket 54 are connected by a drive chain 49, 58 to the tension assembly, which consists of an axis 51 and a tensioner sprocket 50. A screw 52 is placed above the axis of the sprocket 51 tensioner. The latter is equipped with an elastic element

53 in the form of a spring. The driven sprocket 54 is mounted on the axis 55. The latter is placed on the hub 56. The housing (casing) of each gearbox 32 is equipped with a drain plug 57.

The drive chain 49, 58 is indirectly connected to the drive shaft 44. A drive shaft flange 59 is mounted on the drive shaft 44. At the opposite end of the drive shaft 44, a hub housing 60 is installed, on which the flange 61 of the brake disc 43 is fixed.

In the lower part of the housing 1, oil baths 11 and 12 of the wheel chain drive are fixed. The body is installed on the chassis 13, on the axes of which the wheels 14, 15, 16 and 17 are fixed. When the wheels are installed, the tire grouser are located towards each other.

The main technical characteristics of the snow and swamp vehicle are:

Overall dimensions, mm length 3040 width 2520 height 2100 Curb weight, kg 1600 Load capacity, kg 700 Maximum structurally permissible weight, kg 2300 Weight of towed trailer, kg, no more 1000 Number of seats 4 Track (distance between the middle of the wheels), mm 1950 Base (distance between wheel axles), mm 1650 Ground clearance, mm 600 Minimum specific ground pressure, kgf/cm2 0.1 Maximum cross-country speed, km/h thirty Maximum speed on dry hard surface, km/h 45 Maximum speed on water, km/h 6.5 Engine Model VAZ-21126 Maximum power, kW (hp) 72.0 (98.0) Max Torque
at 3500 rpm, N * m 145 Applied fuel AI-92/95 checkpoint Automatic transmission Lada Granta Jatco JF414E Fuel tank volume, l 120 (2x60) Average hourly fuel consumption, l/h 7.0 Power reserve, up to, km 600 Tires tubeless double layer 1450x500-24' On-board power supply voltage, V 12 Rechargeable battery, Ah 2х55

The location and completeness of the controls, lighting system, brake system complies with current state standards.

After refueling, start the engine. The movement is carried out with the levers of the control system released and the position of the automatic transmission selector transferred to the position corresponding to the conditions of movement, by increasing the engine speed with the gas pedal. Turning is controlled by pressing the corresponding lever of the control system “towards you”, which corresponds to slowing down the rotation of the wheels (14-17) of the corresponding side and accelerating the rotation of the wheels (1-17) of the opposite side. Slowing down and stopping is carried out by the joint movement of both levers of the control system “towards you”.

The claimed snow and swamp vehicle is an all-season and all-weather amphibian used to transport cargo, specialized equipment and personnel to work sites. In addition, the snow and swamp vehicle is ideal for both industrial operation (surveying, geotechnical monitoring of linear objects, etc.), and for active and extreme recreation. A snow and swamp vehicle is a self-propelled vehicle on ultra-low pressure tires with a minimum ground pressure (not more than 0.1 kg/cm2) and the ability to tow trailers weighing up to 1 ton. snow cover, as well as overcome any obstacles up to 90 cm high.

The present invention makes it possible to increase the cross-country ability and carrying capacity of a vehicle without increasing its mass-dimensional parameters, it has no restrictions on the depth of the ford to be overcome.

In addition, the proposed invention allows you to install tires with a counter-grippers.

The proposed invention has the possibility of braking with a turn of the vehicle, achieving a speed of movement afloat of 5 km/h without the use of additional propulsion.

The design of the snow and swamp vehicle retains the same carrying capacity, both afloat and on the ground, while maintaining the soil layer when moving along it.

The proposed invention makes it possible to achieve a minimum turning radius of not more than 3 m, a combination of high geometric cross-country ability, both basic and off-road, due to a non-revolving control system.

In addition, the design of the snow and swamp vehicle has the ability to install hydrodynamic gratings.

Claims (2)

1. A snow and swamp vehicle, containing a closed body mounted on a chassis with a 4 × 4 wheel formula, equipped with large diameter and low pressure tires, a brake system, a control system, a transmission with a gearbox, mudguards, characterized in that the design uses a differential side steering scheme for due to the automatic transmission differential, the transmission uses only two final drives, the cases of which are made of aluminum, the braking system and the control system are combined, the mudguards are made in the form of hydrodynamic grilles and are placed above the wheels in the rear of the case. 2. A snow and swamp vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission includes a tension assembly made of a tensioner sprocket mounted on the axis of the tensioner sprocket, while a tensioner screw is located above the axis of the sprocket, equipped with an elastic element made in the form of a spring.