RU2574043C2 - Multifunctional multigrade universal cross-country vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to automotive industry and can be used as a cross-country vehicle in industry, agriculture, health protection, etc. Proposed vehicle has large-diameter wheels, engine, automatic gearbox, sealed body with passenger compartment, cargo compartment and propulsors arranged at sides of sealed body, power plant, suspension, turning gear and drive gearing. Engine is arranged at the left of cabin and covered with flat top with fine noise insulation. Vehicle transmission features 6x6 wheel arrangement wherein mix axle can be lifted. Front, mid and rear axles can be engaged and disengaged. In compliance with the first version, this vehicle can be caterpillar carrier configured with the help of fast-detach polymer propulsor to be fitted on all wheels, ski-caterpillar carrier with fast-detach polymer propulsor to be fitted on mid and rear wheels and fast-detach ski supports to be fitted on front wheels and semi-caterpillar carrier with fast-detach polymer propulsor to be fitted on mid and rear wheels. In compliance with the second version, said carrier is a floating vehicle provided with water-jet propeller arranged at vehicle rear outside displacement hull boundaries.

EFFECT: development of said universal vehicle.

8 cl, 5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to vehicles and is a fundamentally new vehicle - a multifunctional, all-weather, universal all-terrain vehicle (hereinafter - the all-terrain vehicle), which can be used in industry, agriculture, healthcare and other sectors of the economy and social sphere for movement on public roads, and also on the road, while it has good technical characteristics and comfortable conditions for the driver and passengers and is an industrially applicable model th.

State of the art

It is known that all vehicles manufactured today for their intended purpose can be conditionally divided into two categories:

- Vehicles designed to move along public roads with the ability to overcome small obstacles by additionally turning on the second or third axle, locking the wheels and drive axles and creating the maximum possible clearance for possible travel over obstacles.

The maximum speed of such vehicles on paved roads is quite high and is limited only by traffic rules (SDA). Their off-road speed is small and depends on the all-terrain capabilities of these funds. At the same time, the conditions for overcoming off-road conditions should be quite modest - dirt, light snow, small stones, small obstacles, steppe landscape, etc.

Such vehicles are usually very comfortable, have an aesthetically beautiful appearance, but cannot overcome more serious obstacles - drive through fallen trees, move through deep snow, force the swamp, and even more so swim.

- The second category is specialized all-terrain vehicles. They are not intended for movement on public roads or can do it at low speed and, accordingly, over short distances. Basically, such all-terrain vehicles are transported on a trailer to a passenger car (snowmobiles, ATVs, small amphibians) or on loading platforms (heavy tracked vehicles).

The all-terrain qualities of such cars allow them to overcome almost all kinds of possible obstacles - snowmobiles can confidently move along the snow cover, ATVs can move through the forest and move through small fallen trees, amphibians overcome water obstacles, and tracked vehicles drive through swamps.

Long-term use of such vehicles is impossible due to a complete lack of comfort, and, consequently, to overcome long distances (after a day's use of a snowmobile, a person loses 3-5 kg of weight, and when using heavy tracked vehicles, cases of hearing loss and rheumatism diseases in driver mechanics were recorded) .

Thus, a good car is a bad all-terrain vehicle, and a good all-terrain vehicle is a bad vehicle for ordinary roads.

Attempts to make a universal vehicle for the possibility of the same movement on public roads and overcoming all kinds of obstacles at the same time, including water, were not even undertaken. All known solutions and interesting ideas relate to the creation of very specialized machines or to enhance the consumer properties of already known designs.

When compiling a detailed analysis and review of all vehicle designs, the main advantages in the development of such vehicles were identified:

Type of vehicle Constructive scheme Benefits Ordinary cars Wheel formula 4 × 2 Good speed on public roads
Fuel economy SUVs Wheel formula 4 × 4 Safe driving on ice and heavy rain
Overcoming small obstacles Trucks Wheel formula 6 × 6 Increased payload
Traveling on heavy and slippery mountain roads
Overcoming Great Obstacles Tracked all-terrain vehicles Permanent Tracked Mover Heavy off-road driving
Possibility of moving through swamps Snowmobiles Guided ski
Permanent Tracked Mover Movement on the snow cover of large thickness
High speed Amphibian Adequate displacement (not at the expense of wheel volume) Confident overcoming water barriers Minibuses One-volume body with a small front hood Good review
The possibility of organizing sleeping space
Free movement inside the car

The design of the developed all-terrain vehicle is unique, it was not possible to pick up close analogues.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the invention as a technical solution is to create a multifunctional all-weather universal vehicle, which would combine the advantages of all seven of the above-mentioned structures.

Such a tool will be able to move at high speed and over long distances on public roads, like a car; overcome small obstacles like a jeep; cope with difficult road conditions and carry a good carrying capacity, like an all-wheel drive truck; to overcome swamps, like a caterpillar all-terrain vehicle; ride in the snow at the speed of a snowmobile; to cross water barriers, like an amphibian, and have sufficient comfort, like a minibus.

The technical result achieved in solving the problem lies in the development of a design in which the all-terrain vehicle is not the final product, but a set of measures that include cost-effective production, competent logistics, a clear understanding of sales markets and the organization of a dealer network. Particular attention, given the operation of all-terrain vehicles away from the service, was paid to ensure reliability, maintainability in the field, use only proven, well-proven design solutions, components, assemblies, and the use of widespread spare parts.

The essential features characterizing the invention

In the present invention, everything is unique: appearance, body, passenger compartment, engine compartment, cargo compartment, power plant, suspension, propulsion, rotary mechanism, drive transmission, controls.

Implementation of the task

As a result of a long process of studying and developing various purpose-built cars, SUVs and sports cars, the designers of this invention revealed the absence in the domestic market of vehicles occupying an intermediate position between all-terrain vehicles of a particularly small class, which have very limited practical use, and large tracked all-terrain vehicles, as a rule originally military purpose, having overall limitations and economic inefficiency due to their size and weight but.

At this stage, a lot of preparatory work was carried out, which was as follows:

- a study and analysis of the design of all-terrain vehicles of both domestic and foreign production, civil and military purposes, including analysis of technical solutions of structurally close equipment - armored personnel carriers and light tanks.

- the experience of using all-terrain vehicles in various use cases and in all possible weather and topographic conditions was studied.

- an analysis of the health, reliability, causes of equipment failures both related to the design, and with the features of the application.

- a study was conducted to optimize the applicability of various materials, including study of the possibility of using new modern impact-resistant materials - nanocomposites, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and a completely new generation of materials based on their modifications.

- studied the application of engineering solutions from related fields - shipbuilding (boat design and hull superstructures) and aviation (chassis design and weight optimization).

- collected and analyzed information from the direct operators of cross-country vehicles, owners and driver mechanics. The goal is to take into account specific needs in order to optimize layout solutions, improve working conditions and habitability, simplify and reduce the cost of maintenance and repair.

- an analysis of the use of specific models of all-terrain vehicles, an assessment of their economic efficiency, an analysis of the needs for the specifics of transportation — carrying capacity, capacity, daily mileage, distance of routes from basing places was carried out.

- an analysis of the sales structure of all-terrain vehicles, taking into account the region of use, the purpose of use, climatic conditions, product price and the cost of its operation.

- We used our own experience in the development and production of automotive and all-terrain vehicles, including more than 10 years of successful experience in creating all-terrain sports vehicles for the most severe off-road cases (trophy-raids).

To create such a vehicle, a compact tracked all-terrain vehicle design was chosen, in which the lower part of the body is made in the form of a boat and the engine is located in the middle part, but in the variant of a wheeled all-terrain vehicle, the engine is shifted to the left side of the body. This made it possible to organize a passage from the rear side, where the main entrance to the car is located, to the front passenger and driver seats. At the same time, the interior of the body was designed with a height of 1800 mm for the convenience of moving around the cabin in full growth. The engine was covered with a flat part - a countertop, comfortable in everyday life, having good sound insulation.

The layout of the all-terrain vehicle was chosen to be three-axle for good load carrying capacity and the ability to overcome large obstacles on three axles with large-diameter wheels "37" and with a raised middle axis for the ability to move like a regular two-axle car.

Variants of the all-terrain vehicle and a description of the features of each embodiment are presented below.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The developed invention is a multifunctional all-season universal comfortable 6-8-seater all-terrain vehicle with overall dimensions of 4250 × 2200 × 2350 mm, engine capacity of 2.0 l and 3.0 l, with a capacity of 110 kW and 184 kW, respectively, 6-speed creeping "automatic transmission and is supposed to be released in a multivariate design. Passage to the cabin is from the tailgate, where the main entrance to the all-terrain vehicle is located. The clearance of the models is 400 mm with a track gauge of 1880 mm, the tire size is 940 × 320 mm, the equipped weight of the all-terrain vehicle is 1950 kg, the carrying capacity on a hard surface is 1500 kg, the fuel supply is 120 l.

The basic design of the invention has a sealed body with a passenger compartment, engine compartment, cargo compartment; as well as propulsors located on both sides of the sealed body; power plant; suspension, swivel mechanism, drive transmission. The basic one is wheeled and has a 4 × 2 wheel arrangement, in which the front transmission of the all-terrain vehicle is disabled, but controllable; medium transmission - disconnected and raised; rear transmission - included (figure 1).

This design of the invention is characterized by a high speed of movement on general roads and greater fuel economy. The maximum speed developed by this model is 100 km / h.

The following construction of the invention has a 4 × 4 wheel formula and can safely move at a speed of 45 km / h in icy conditions, heavy rain and over small obstacles.

At the same time, the front transmission of the all-terrain vehicle is included and controllable; medium transmission - disconnected and raised; rear transmission - included.

The design of the invention in figure 2 has a 6 × 6 wheel arrangement in which the front transmission of the all-terrain vehicle is engaged and controllable; average transmission - it is included and lowered; rear transmission - included. It is characterized by increased carrying capacity, it is able to move along heavy and slippery mountain roads, overcome great obstacles, and at the same time develop a speed of up to 45 km / h.

Figure 3 presents the caterpillar version of the all-terrain vehicle, which has a quick-detachable polymer mover; the engine is located in the middle of the cabin, the front transmission of the all-terrain vehicle is turned on and locked; average transmission - it is included and lowered; rear transmission - included, automatic transmission is in the “neutral” position. At the same time, the use of an automatic gearbox not only simplifies the operation of the machine, but also increases safety due to the inability to roll when shifting gears (as in the case of a manual gearbox) and eliminating the sudden stop of the engine during overload. At speeds of up to 45 km / h, this model can be operated in difficult off-road conditions and even move through swamps.

The next construction of the invention (figure 4) is a ski-tracked, in which the front transmission of the all-terrain vehicle is disabled and controllable; medium transmission - disconnected and lowered; rear transmission - included, while a quick-detachable caterpillar mover is installed on the middle and rear axle, and the front axle has quick-detachable ski supports. It can move on the snow cover of large thickness at a speed of 95 km / h.

In FIG. 5 shows a half-track design of the invention, which has a quick-detachable caterpillar mover on the middle and rear axle; while the front transmission of the all-terrain vehicle is engaged and controllable; average transmission - it is included and lowered; rear transmission is on, and the automatic transmission is in the neutral position. This model can work in severe off-road conditions at a speed of 45 km / h.

Each of these constructions of the invention when installing a water-jet propulsion device installed in the rear of the machine outside the displacement body, becomes waterfowl. At the same time, all water barriers are confidently overcome, the speed in water is 10 km / h.

All presented designs of the invention have a good overview, the possibility of organizing sleeping space for four, the possibility of free movement inside the car to its full height.

Profitability and technical novelty

Thus, a multifunctional vehicle has been developed that changes the transmission for any road conditions, has a hybrid, hydro-mechanical transmission, combines the advantages of the seven most common types of vehicles and has no analogues in the world today, by its capabilities.

Claims (8)

1. Multifunctional all-season universal comfortable 6-8-seater three-axle all-terrain vehicle with large-diameter wheels "37", with overall dimensions of 4250 × 2200 × 2350 mm, engine displacement of 2.0 l or 3.0 l, power, respectively, 110 kW or 184 kW, 6-speed "creeping" automatic transmission, produced in a multivariate design, having an engine located on the left side of the passenger compartment and covered with a flat worktop that has good sound insulation; airtight body with passenger compartment, cargo compartment; as well as propulsors located on both sides of the sealed body; power plant; the suspension, the rotary mechanism, the drive transmission, which is a wheeled one, while the all-terrain vehicle transmission has a basic 6 × 6 wheel arrangement, in which the middle axis is made with the possibility of raising, the front, middle and rear axles are made with the possibility of switching on and off, and the passage is made from rear side, where the main entrance to the all-terrain vehicle is located. 2. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the front transmission of the all-terrain vehicle is included and controllable, the middle transmission is turned on and down, the rear transmission is on. 3. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the front transmission of the all-terrain vehicle is disconnected and controllable, the average transmission is disconnected and raised; rear transmission included. 4. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the front transmission of the all-terrain vehicle is included and controllable, the average transmission is disabled and raised, the rear transmission is engaged. 5. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that with the help of a quick-detachable polymer mover mounted on all wheels, the all-terrain vehicle becomes tracked, while the front transmission of the all-terrain vehicle is turned on and locked, the middle transmission is turned on and down, the rear transmission is on. 6. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it is ski-tracked, on the middle and rear wheels of which a quick-detachable polymer propulsion device is installed, and quick-detachable ski supports are installed on the front wheels, while the front transmission of the all-terrain vehicle is disconnected and controllable; middle transmission disengaged and lowered; rear transmission engaged. 7. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it is semi-tracked, in which a quick-detachable polymer propulsion device is mounted on the middle and rear wheels, while the front transmission of the all-terrain vehicle is turned on and controllable, the middle transmission is on and off, the rear transmission is on. 8. Multifunctional all-season universal comfortable 6-8-seater three-axle all-terrain vehicle with large-diameter wheels "37", with overall dimensions of 4250 × 2200 × 2350 mm, engine displacement of 2.0 l or 3.0 l, power, respectively, 110 kW or 184 kW, 6-speed "creeping" automatic transmission, produced in a multivariate design, having an engine located on the left side of the passenger compartment and covered with a flat worktop that has good sound insulation; airtight body with passenger compartment, cargo compartment; as well as propulsors located on both sides of the sealed body; power plant; the suspension, the rotary mechanism, the drive transmission, which is a wheeled one, while the all-terrain vehicle transmission has a basic 6 × 6 wheel arrangement, in which the middle axis is made with the possibility of raising, the front, middle and rear axles are made with the possibility of switching on and off, and the passage is made from the rear side, where the main entrance to the all-terrain vehicle is located, while the all-terrain vehicle is floating and has a jet propulsion device installed in the rear of the machine outside the displacement hull.

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