RU2536651C1 - Reversing method of internal combustion engine with reversing starter and actuating mechanism of gas distributing valve and fuel injector with charging of its pneumatic accumulator by compressed air - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: control system attaches a shaft of a reversing starter mechanism to a crank shaft by an internal combustion engine (ICE) and rotates it. At the end of a compression stroke, the control system supplies air from pneumatic accumulators to a cavity of a plunger actuator of a fuel injector, and fuel is sprayed to a combustion chamber with its ignition by an ignition plug. After that, the system disconnects the shaft of the reversing starter with ICE crank shaft. After combustion is completed, the system supplies the air from the pneumatic accumulator to the cavity of the actuator piston of the outlet valve and opens it. The pneumatic control system by gas distribution and spray of fuel allows efficient operation of ICE both in one and the other direction of the shaft rotation.

EFFECT: improving efficiency of control at reversing of an internal combustion engine.

3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of power engineering.

BACKGROUND

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is patent 2403409 "Valve shut-off pneumatic drive gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine." The pneumatic drive system of the gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine with a shut-off valve operates as follows. The piston of the internal combustion engine 1 (Fig. 1) compresses the working fluid — air or fuel mixture — in the combustion chamber 2 during a compression stroke. In this case, part of the working fluid from the combustion chamber 2 through pipeline 3 through the shutoff valve 4 and the check valve 5 enters air accumulator 6 and charges it. The control system of the internal combustion engine (not shown in the figure) monitors the current position of the piston of the internal combustion engine 1 and, at the time when it is necessary to open the gas control valve 7, sets the slide valve for controlling the fluid flow 8 to the position as shown in the figure. The working fluid from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through channels 9 and 10 enters the upper piston cavity of the valve actuator 11, as a result of which the gas distribution valve 7, if it is inlet, allows air from the atmosphere to enter combustion chamber 2 through the channel 12, or if it is exhaust, of combustion from the combustion chamber 2. To close the gas distribution valve 7, the control system sets the control valve of the fluid flow 8 to the lower position, and the working fluid from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through channels 9 and 13 enters the lower cavity through shnya actuator 11 the gas control valve 7, and is locked. In both cases, the spent working fluid is discharged through the channels 10, 13, 14, 15 into the atmosphere, and in a gasoline engine, where the working fluid is a fuel mixture, for reasons of fuel economy it is fed into the air intake of the engine. With a working cycle (combustion and expansion of combustion products), the pressure in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 2 can reach tens of atmospheres, and the temperature can be hundreds or more degrees. But to ensure the operability of the pneumatic drive, the pressure of the working fluid is enough less. Limiting the pressure of the working fluid in the pneumatic accumulator 6 to the optimum value is ensured by the shut-off valve 4. If the pressure of the working fluid coming from the combustion chamber 2 is less than the optimum, it freely passes through the shut-off valve 4 into the pneumatic accumulator 6. When the pressure of the working fluid is above the optimum, the working fluid from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through the channel 16 enters the lower cavity of the piston of the shutoff valve 17. Under its influence, the piston of the shutoff valve 17 and the shut-off valve 18 connected to it move upward, and the channel 19 is blocked, charging of the pneumatic accumulator 6 is stopped. The charge level of the pneumatic accumulator 6 by the working fluid is determined by the stiffness of the spring 20. The greater the stiffness of the spring, the higher the charge of the pneumatic accumulator 6.

The second closest analogue of the claimed invention is patent 2392482 "Valve shut-off pneumatic drive of the fuel nozzle of an internal combustion engine." The drive operates as follows. The internal combustion engine piston 1 (FIG. 2) compresses the working fluid in the combustion chamber 2 during a compression stroke. Moreover, part of it from the combustion chamber 2 through the pipe 3 through the shutoff valve 4 and the check valve 5 enters the pneumatic accumulator 6 and charges it. The control system monitors the current position of the internal combustion engine piston 1 and at the time when it is necessary to supply fuel to the combustion chamber 2, sets the spool 7 to the position as shown in figure 1. The working fluid from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through channels 8 and 9 enters the upper cavity of the drive piston the plunger of the fuel nozzle 10, and he, and the plunger of the fuel nozzle 11 connected to it, are moving down. Fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 2 through the check valve of the fuel injector 12. Then the control system transfers the slide valve 7 to the lower position and the working fluid from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through channels 8 and 13 enters the lower cavity of the piston of the drive of the plunger of the fuel nozzle 10. The piston of the plunger drive of the fuel nozzle 10 and the plunger of the fuel nozzle 11 is moved to the upper position and the fuel from the fuel tank (not shown in the figure) through the check valve of the fuel tank 14 is sucked into the cavity of the plunger of the fuel nozzle 11. In both The spent working fluid is emitted through channels 9, 15 and 13, 16 into the atmosphere or, if it is a fuel mixture, into the intake manifold. When the pressure of the working fluid in the pneumatic accumulator 6 exceeds the working level, the working fluid from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through the pipe 17 enters the lower cavity of the piston of the drive of the shut-off valve 18, as a result of which the shut-off valve 19 closes the channel 20 and the flow of the working fluid into the pneumatic accumulator 6 stops. The charge level of the pneumatic accumulator 6 by the working fluid is determined by the stiffness of the spring 21. The greater the stiffness of the spring, the higher the charge of the pneumatic accumulator 6.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the claimed invention is the creation of a mechanism for reversing the rotation of the engine crankshaft.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The method of reversing the rotation of the ICE crankshaft is based on the mechanism of the pneumatic drive of the gas distribution valve and the fuel injector with atmospheric air charging of the common air accumulator for all ICE cylinders due to the energy of the gases in the ICE cylinder.

The figure 3 presents a diagram of the mechanism for driving a pneumatic gas distribution valve and driving a fuel injector with atmospheric air from a common accumulator for all cylinders due to the energy of the gases in the internal combustion engine cylinder. Drives operate as follows. When starting the internal combustion engine at the compression stroke of the air or the fuel mixture (subsequently and at the operating cycle - combustion products) with the internal combustion engine piston 1, the gases in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 2 (hereinafter referred to as the combustion chamber 2) are pressed against the left end surface of the compressor piston 3 and the compressor piston 3 moves to the right (according to the picture). Compressed air located in the right end compressor cavity of the piston of the compressor 3 through the check valve of the pneumatic accumulator 4 enters the common for all cylinders of the internal combustion engine 5. The pneumatic accumulator 5 is fully charged when the internal combustion engine is started in one or several cycles of compression of air or the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 2, and recharging can also on the expansion stroke of the combustion products. At the intake stroke of air into the combustion chamber 2, the air pressure in it decreases, the compressor piston spring 6 moves the compressor piston 3 to the left and air from the atmosphere through the inlet check valve 7 is sucked into the right compressor cavity of the compressor piston 3. As soon as the air pressure in the pneumatic accumulator 5 increases to values ensuring optimal functioning of the gas distribution valve and fuel injector, air from the pneumatic accumulator 5 through the pipe 8 enters the lower cavity of the piston of the stop mechanism ora 9. The piston of the stop mechanism 9 moves up and the stop 10 enters the groove of the piston of the compressor 3, and stops it. The flow of compressed air into the pneumatic accumulator 5 stops. The charge level of the pneumatic accumulator 5 is determined by the stiffness of the piston spring of the stopper mechanism 11. The greater the stiffness of the spring, the higher the pneumatic accumulator is charged 5. To open the gas distribution valve, the control system monitors the current position of the engine 1 piston and sets the control spool at the time it needs to be opened. the air flow of the gas distribution valve 12 to a position as shown in the figure. Compressed air from the pneumatic accumulator 5 through channels 13 and 14 enters the upper cavity of the piston of the gas distribution valve 15. Under its influence, the gas distribution valve 16 opens and, if it is inlet, allows air from the atmosphere to enter combustion chamber 2 through the channel 17 or, if it is exhaust flow into the atmosphere to the combustion products from the combustion chamber 2. To close the gas distribution valve 16, the control system sets the control valve of the air flow of the gas distribution valve 12 to the lower position e, and the air from the pneumatic accumulator 5 through the channels 13 and 18 into the lower cavity of the drive piston the gas control valve 15 and the gas control valve 16 is closed. In both cases, the exhaust air is discharged through the channels 14, 19 and 18, 20 into the atmosphere. To supply fuel to the combustion chamber, for example, the cylinder shown in the lower right part of the figure, the control system monitors the current position of its piston. At the time when it is required to inject fuel with the nozzle 21 of the nozzle into the combustion chamber, the control system sets the air flow control valve of the nozzle 22 to the position as shown in the figure. Compressed air from the pneumatic accumulator 5 through channels 23 and 24 enters the upper cavity of the piston drive piston of the nozzle 25. Under its influence, the piston drive piston of the fuel nozzle 25 moves down and the nozzle piston 21 connected to it through the check valve of the nozzle piston 26 injects a dose of fuel into the combustion chamber . To prepare the injector 21 plunger for the next fuel injection, the control system sets the nozzle 22 air flow control valve to the lower position and the air from the pneumatic accumulator 5 passes through the channels 23 and 27 into the lower cavity of the injector plunger drive piston 25, and the nozzle plunger 21 moves up. At the same time, through the check valve of the fuel tank 30 from the fuel tank (not shown in the figure), fuel is sucked into the cavity of the plunger of the fuel injector 21. In both cases, the exhaust air is discharged into the atmosphere through channels 24, 28 and 27, 29.

Reversing the rotation of the ICE crankshaft based on a reversing starter mechanism and a gas distribution valve and fuel injector drive mechanism with charging its pneumatic accumulator with compressed air using gas energy from the ICE cylinder is carried out as follows. The control system connects the reverse starter shaft with the ICE crankshaft and rotates it in the set direction of rotation of the ICE crankshaft. The control system on the compression stroke with the gas distribution valves closed at the time when the pressure of the compressed air or the fuel mixture above the piston increases to a value that provides the optimum level for the given conditions of fuel combustion, the control system disconnects the shaft of the reversing starter and the engine crankshaft, the nozzle injects fuel into the chamber combustion and ignites the fuel with a spark plug. At the same time, the control system establishes the sequence of opening and closing the gas distribution valves and the operation of the fuel injector in accordance with the specified direction of rotation of the crankshaft.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method for reversing the rotation of the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine based on a reversible starter mechanism and a gas distribution valve drive mechanism and a fuel injector with charging its pneumatic accumulator with compressed air due to the energy of gases in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, including a control system, a fuel injector drive piston air flow control spool, common for all cylinders of the internal combustion engine pneumatic accumulator with charging it with compressed air due to energy and gases in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, a pneumatic accumulator check valve, a fuel injector plunger drive piston, a fuel injector plunger, a spark plug, an air control valve for the exhaust piston of the exhaust gas distribution valve, an exhaust gas control valve and an exhaust piston of the exhaust valve, that when reversing the rotation of the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, the control system connects the reversing shaft about the starter mechanism with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, sets the direction of rotation of the shaft of the reversing starter mechanism in the corresponding direction of rotation of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, rotates the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and at the compression stroke of air or fuel mixture in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine with the piston position internal combustion engine in the vicinity of the top dead center disconnects the shaft of the non-reversible starter mechanism the engine with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and sets the air flow control valve of the fuel injector piston to a position in which compressed air from the pneumatic accumulator common to all cylinders of the internal combustion engine is charged with compressed air due to the energy of the gases in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine through the return the valve of the pneumatic accumulator enters the cavity of the piston of the drive of the plunger of the fuel nozzle, upon receipt of which the piston of the drive of the plunger of the fuel nozzle and soy the fuel injector plunger moved with it moves and through the check valve of the fuel injector plunger the fuel injector plunger injects fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and ignites it with the spark plug, and at the end of the expansion of the combustion products when the piston of the internal combustion engine is in the vicinity of the bottom dead center air control valve for the exhaust piston of the exhaust valve to a position in which compressed air from the pneumatic accumulator a radiator charged with compressed air due to the energy of the gases from the cylinder of the internal combustion engine through the check valve of the exhaust gas distribution valve enters the cavity of the piston of the exhaust gas distribution valve, when it enters into which the piston of the exhaust gas distribution valve and the exhaust valve connected to it move the gas control valve opens, and after the exhaust products of combustion are released into the atmosphere, the The genetic energy of the flywheel and the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine rotates the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, the control system for the further drive mechanisms of gas distribution valves and the fuel injector with compressed air charging from the pneumatic accumulator due to the energy of the gases from the cylinder of the internal combustion engine ensures the timing of the gas distribution valves and the fuel injector in accordance with the set direction of rotation of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine Niya.

TECHNICAL APPLICABILITY OF THE INVENTION

Materials and technology for the implementation of the claimed invention do not go beyond the scope of modern capabilities. With the modern development of electronics, the creation of an engine control system is no more than a routine task, which is a separate task in the design of ICEs.

GRAPHIC MATERIAL

Figure 1. Diagram of a pneumatic drive of a gas distribution valve of an internal combustion engine with a shut-off valve.

1 - internal combustion engine piston; 2 - a combustion chamber; 3, 8, 9, 13, 15, 16, 17, 20 - pipelines and channels; 4 - shutoff valve; 5 - check valve; 6 - pneumatic accumulator; 7 - spool; 10 - piston drive the plunger nozzle; 11 - a nozzle plunger; 12 - nozzle check valve; 14 - check valve of the fuel tank; 18 - the piston of the drive shut-off valve; 19 - shutoff valve. 21 - spring shut-off valve.

Figure 2. Diagram of a pneumatic drive of a fuel nozzle of an internal combustion engine with a shut-off valve.

1 - internal combustion engine piston; 2 - a combustion chamber; 3, 8, 9, 13, 15, 16, 17, 20 - pipelines and channels; 4 - shutoff valve; 5 - check valve; 6 - pneumatic accumulator; 7 - spool; 10 - piston drive the plunger of the fuel injector; 11 - a plunger of a fuel nozzle; 12 - check valve of the fuel injector; 14 - check valve of the fuel tank; 18 - the piston of the drive shut-off valve; 19 - shutoff valve. 21 - spring shut-off valve.

Figure 3. The scheme of the mechanism of the pneumatic drive of the gas distribution valve and the fuel injector with atmospheric air from a common accumulator for all cylinders of the pneumatic accumulator due to the energy of the gases in the engine cylinder.

1 - internal combustion engine piston; 2 - a combustion chamber; 3 - compressor piston; 4 - check valve pneumatic accumulator; 5 - a common accumulator for all cylinders; 6 - compressor piston spring; 7 - inlet check valve; 8, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29 - channels and pipelines; 9 - piston of the stopper mechanism; 10 - stopper; 11 - piston spring of the stopper mechanism; 12 - valve control air flow valve; 15 - piston of the valve timing; 16 - gas distribution valve; 21 - a plunger of a fuel atomizer; 22 - spool control the air flow of the fuel nozzle; 25 - piston drive the plunger of the fuel injector; 26 - check valve of the plunger of the fuel injector; 30 - check valve of the fuel tank.

Claims (1)

A method for reversing the rotation of the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine based on a reversible starter mechanism and a gas distribution valve drive mechanism and a fuel injector with charging its pneumatic accumulator with compressed air due to the energy of gases in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, including a control system, a fuel injector drive piston air flow control spool, common for all cylinders of the internal combustion engine pneumatic accumulator with charging it with compressed air due to energy and gases in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, a pneumatic accumulator check valve, a fuel injector plunger drive piston, a fuel injector plunger, an spark plug, a gas control valve for the air flow of the exhaust gas distribution drive piston, a gas exhaust valve check valve and an exhaust gas distribution valve piston, that when reversing the rotation of the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, the control system connects the reversing shaft about the starter mechanism with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, sets the direction of rotation of the shaft of the reversing starter mechanism in the corresponding direction of rotation of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, rotates the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, and at the compression stroke of air or fuel mixture in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine when piston of the internal combustion engine in the vicinity of the top dead center, disconnects the shaft of the irreversible starter mechanism a cma with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and sets the air flow control valve of the fuel injector drive piston to a position in which compressed air from the pneumatic accumulator common to all cylinders of the internal combustion engine is charged with compressed air due to the energy of the gases in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine through the return the valve of the pneumatic accumulator enters the cavity of the piston of the drive of the plunger of the fuel nozzle, upon receipt of which the piston of the drive of the plunger of the fuel nozzle and a single fuel injector plunger moves with it and through the non-return valve of the fuel injector plunger the fuel injector plunger injects fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and ignites it with the spark plug, and sets the piston of the internal combustion engine in the vicinity of the bottom dead center at the end of the expansion of the combustion products air control valve for the exhaust piston of the exhaust valve to a position in which compressed air from the pneumatic actuator the accumulator with charging it with compressed air due to the energy of the gases from the cylinder of the internal combustion engine through the check valve of the exhaust valve, enters the piston cavity of the exhaust valve, when the piston of the exhaust valve and the exhaust valve connected to it move and the exhaust valve the gas control valve opens, and after the exhaust combustion products are released into the atmosphere, the net energy of the flywheel and the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine rotates the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, the control system for the further drive mechanisms of gas distribution valves and the fuel injector with charging their pneumatic accumulator with compressed air due to the energy of the gases from the cylinder of the internal combustion engine provides the timing of the gas distribution valves and the fuel injector in accordance with the set direction of rotation of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine Ania.

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