RU2581968C1 - Method for reversal of internal combustion engine with reverse starter mechanism and pneumatic actuator system of three-valve gas distributor with charging of pneumatic accumulator of system with gas from compensation pneumatic accumulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to reversal of internal combustion engines (ICE). This invention consists in fact that for reversal of ICE control system with closed gas-distributing valve connects starter mechanism with ICE crank shaft and rotates it. With piston ICE in upper dead point at moment when in combustion chamber reaches value providing fuel combustion, supplies fuel to combustion chamber, and, if necessary, ignites its ignition plug. Simultaneously with fuel ignition control system disconnects starter mechanism shaft with crankshaft and after arrival of piston in lower dead point of pneumatic drive system of three-valve gas distributor provides gas exchange in ICE. Pneumatic accumulator is charged gas from compensating pneumatic accumulator, and gas exchange is inlet, gas distribution and outlet valves. Fuel is supplied by system independent of mechanical connection to crank, such as piezoelectric, electric, hydraulic or pneumatic.

EFFECT: high efficiency of system operation in reverse.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of power engineering.

BACKGROUND

The closest prototype of the claimed invention patent 2536651 "A method of reversing an internal combustion engine with a reversible starter and a gas distribution valve and fuel injector drive mechanism with charging its pneumatic accumulator with compressed air."

Abstract to patent 2536651: "The invention relates to the field of control of an internal combustion engine (ICE). The technical result is to increase the efficiency of control when reversing the internal combustion engine. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the control system connects the shaft of the reversing starter mechanism with the engine crankshaft and rotates it. At the end of the compression stroke, the control system directs air from the pneumatic accumulator to the drive cavity of the plunger of the fuel injector and fuel is injected into the combustion chamber with the ignition of its spark plug. Then the system and disconnects the shaft of the reversing starter with the engine crankshaft. After combustion, the system directs air from the pneumatic accumulator into the piston cavity of the exhaust valve actuator and opens it. "The pneumatic control system for gas distribution and fuel injection allows the internal combustion engine to operate efficiently both in one and in the opposite direction of shaft rotation."

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The reversal of the internal combustion engine (ICE) of the prototype according to patent 2536651 is carried out by a reversing starter and a drive mechanism for a gas distribution valve and fuel injector with charging its pneumatic accumulator with compressed air.

The purpose of the claimed invention is to provide reversal (ICE) by a starter mechanism and a hydraulic drive system of a three-valve gas distributor with charging the pneumatic accumulator of the system from a compensating pneumatic accumulator.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by the description of the principle of operation of the pneumatic drive system of a three-valve gas distributor with charging the pneumatic accumulator of the system with gas from a compensating pneumatic accumulator.

Charging the pneumatic accumulator of the system with gas is as follows (see figure). When starting the internal combustion engine, the piston of the internal combustion engine 1 compresses air or fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 2 at the compression stroke, which presses on the left end surface of the piston of the compressor drive 3, as a result of which it moves to the right (according to the figure). The working gas (hereinafter, the gas) located in the right cavity of the piston of the compressor 4 (through the check valve 5) enters the pneumatic accumulator of the drive system 6 (hereinafter - the pneumatic accumulator 6) and charges it. Charging the pneumatic accumulator 6 occurs at the first start of the internal combustion engine, and further recharging at working cycles. After the gas pressure in the pneumatic accumulator 6 reaches a value that ensures the optimal functioning of the three-valve gas distributor as part of the air intake valve or fuel mixture 7 (hereinafter, the intake valve 7), the gas distribution valve ICE 8 (hereinafter the gas distribution valve 8) and the exhaust valve 9 (hereinafter, the exhaust valve 9), gas from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through the channel 10 enters the lower cavity of the piston of the stopper 11. As a result, the piston of the stopper 11 moves to the upper position and with union of them with stopper 12 enters into the recess 4 of the piston compressor, blocking its movement and flow of gas in accumulator 6 is stopped. In the initial position, the intake valve 7 is open, and the gas distribution valve 8 and the exhaust valve 9 are closed. Gas exchange in the internal combustion engine is as follows. To ensure a suction stroke, the control system sets the gas distribution valve 8 in the open position. For this, the control system sets the spool 13 to the position as shown in the figure. Gas from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through channels 10, 14, 15 enters the upper cavity of the piston of the gas distribution valve 16, which is connected by the rod 17 to the gas distribution valve 8, as a result it occupies the lower position - it opens. Air or fuel mixture through the air intake channel or the fuel mixture 18 and the open gas distribution valve 8 enters the combustion chamber of the engine 2. From the lower cavity of the piston of the gas distribution valve 16, the exhaust gas flows through the channels 19, 20, 21 and the check valve 22 enters the compensation accumulator 23 . When lowering the gas pressure in the pneumatic accumulator 6 below a value that ensures the functioning of the valves of the three-valve gas distributor, the spring of the stopper 24 puts the piston of the stopper 11 and stopper 12 to the lower position . At one of the subsequent strokes of the intake of air or fuel mixture into the combustion chamber of the engine 2, the spring of the compressor piston 25 translates the compressor drive piston 3 and the compressor piston 4 to the original, left, position for charging the pneumatic accumulator 6. Gas from the compensation pneumatic accumulator 23 is supplied through the non-return valve 26 to the right cavity of the piston of the compressor 4. The compressor is ready for the next cycle of recharging the pneumatic accumulator 6. Upon the arrival of the ICE piston 1 to the bottom dead center, the control system puts the spool 13 into the right position. Gas from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through the channels 10, 14, 19 enters the lower cavity of the piston of the drive of the gas distribution valve 16, and the gas distribution valve 8 closes. The exhaust gas from the upper piston drive of the gas distribution valve 16 through the channels 15, 27, 21 and through the check valve 22 enters the compensation pneumatic accumulator 23. The compression cycle begins, and then the expansion cycle of the combustion products begins. To ensure the exhaust gas exhaust cycle, the control system closes the intake valve 7, opens the gas distribution valve 8 and exhaust valve 9. To close the intake valve 7, the control system puts the spool 28 in the left position. Gas from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through channels 10, 29, 30 enters the left cavity of the piston of the inlet valve actuator 31 and moves the inlet valve 7 connected to it by the rod 32 to the right, and it closes. Gas from the right cavity of the piston of the intake valve drive 31 through the channels 33, 34, 21 and through the check valve 22 enters the compensation air accumulator 23. To open the exhaust valve 9, the control system puts the spool 35 in the right position. Gas from the pneumatic accumulator 6 through channels 10, 36, 37 enters the right cavity of the piston of the exhaust valve drive 38 and moves the exhaust valve 9 connected to it by the stem 39 to the left, and it opens. The exhaust gas from the left cavity of the piston of the exhaust valve drive 38 through the channels 40, 41, 21 and through the check valve 22 enters the compensation pneumatic accumulator 23. The opening of the gas distribution valve 8 is shown above. As a result, the exhaust combustion products from the combustion chamber of the engine 2 through the exhaust exhaust channel 42 are thrown into the exhaust manifold. The problems of preventing gas leakage through the gaps on the generatrix surfaces of the valve stem 17, the intake valve stem 32, the exhaust valve stem 39 and the piston rod of the compressor drive 43 are solved by bellows 44, 45, 46, 47.

The start of the internal combustion engine for operation in the main mode is carried out by a non-reversible (traditional) starter mechanism, then the starter. To change the rotation of the ICE crankshaft in the opposite direction - reversing - the control system connects the starter shaft to the ICE crankshaft, turns on the starter, which rotates the ICE crankshaft and with the engine timing valve 8 closed and the ICE piston 1 in the vicinity of top dead center delivers fuel to the ICE 2 combustion chamber At the same time, a fuel supply system independent of the mechanical connection with the ICE crankshaft is used, for example pneumatic, hydraulic or piezoelectric. The fuel ignites, and the combustion products stop the piston of the engine 1. The control system disconnects the shaft of the starter mechanism with the engine crankshaft. Under the influence of expanding combustion products, the piston of the engine and the crankshaft change the direction of movement in the opposite direction. Further, the pneumatic drive system of a three-valve gas distributor with charging the pneumatic accumulator of the system with gas from the inlet 7, gas distribution 8 and exhaust 9 valve pneumatic accumulator provides gas exchange in the internal combustion engine.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The method of reversing the internal combustion engine with a starter mechanism and a pneumatic drive system of a three-valve gas distributor with charging the pneumatic accumulator of the system with gas from a compensating pneumatic accumulator including a control system, a three-valve gas distributor as part of the inlet, gas distribution and exhaust valve, a starter mechanism independent of mechanical communication with the internal engine crankshaft fuel supply, spark plug and compensation pneumatic accumulator torus, characterized in that the control system with a closed gas distribution valve of a three-valve gas distributor with charging the pneumatic accumulator of the system with gas from the compensation pneumatic accumulator connects the shaft of the starter mechanism to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, rotates the shaft of the internal combustion engine both at the compression stroke when the gas distribution valve is closed and when the engine piston is in position combustion near the top dead center at a time when the pressure of the compressible air or the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine will reach a value that ensures the combustion of the fuel after it is supplied independent of the mechanical connection with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, the fuel supply system delivers fuel to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, if necessary ignites the fuel with the spark plug, simultaneously with ignition of the fuel separates the shaft of the starter mechanism with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, and after the arrival of the piston of the internal engine combustion in the vicinity of the bottom dead point of the pneumatic actuator Three valve system of a gas distributor with a gas pressure reservoir charging system from the compensation pressure reservoir inlet, and the exhaust gas distributing valve provides gas exchange in the internal combustion engine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Materials and technology for the implementation of the claimed invention do not go beyond the scope of modern capabilities. At the current level of development of automatic control systems, the creation of a control system for the claimed invention is quite an ordinary task.

GRAPHIC MATERIAL

Figure. Schematic diagram of a three-valve gas distributor of an internal combustion engine with a pneumatic valve drive system of a gas distributor with charging the pneumatic accumulator of the system with gas from a compensating pneumatic accumulator.

1 - internal combustion engine piston; 2 - combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine; 3 - the piston of the compressor drive; 4 - compressor piston; 5, 22, 26 - check valve; 6 - pneumatic accumulator; 7 - inlet valve; 8 - gas distribution valve; 9 - exhaust valve; 10, 14, 15; 19, 20, 21, 27, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 40, 41 - channel; 11 - stopper piston; 12 - stopper; 13, 28, 35 - spool; 16 - the piston of the valve timing; 17, 32, 39 - stock; 18 - channel inlet air or fuel mixture; 23 - compensation pneumatic accumulator; 24 - a spring of a stopper; 25 - compressor piston spring; 31 - the piston of the intake valve actuator; 38 - piston drive exhaust valve; 42 - channel exhaust exhaust products; 43 - the piston rod of the compressor drive; 44, 45, 46, 47 - bellows.

Claims (1)

The method of reversing the internal combustion engine with a starter mechanism and a pneumatic drive system of a three-valve gas distributor with charging the pneumatic accumulator of the system with gas from a compensating pneumatic accumulator including a control system, a three-valve gas distributor as part of the inlet, gas distribution and exhaust valve, a starter mechanism independent of mechanical communication with the internal engine crankshaft fuel supply, spark plug and compensation pneumatic accumulator torus, characterized in that the control system with a closed gas distribution valve of a three-valve gas distributor with charging the pneumatic accumulator of the system with gas from the compensation pneumatic accumulator connects the shaft of the starter mechanism to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, rotates the shaft of the internal combustion engine both at the compression stroke when the gas distribution valve is closed and when the engine piston is in position combustion near the top dead center at a time when the pressure of the compressible air or the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine will reach a value that ensures the combustion of fuel after supplying it, independent of mechanical connection with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, the fuel supply system, delivers fuel to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, if necessary ignites the fuel with a spark plug, simultaneously with ignition of the fuel separates the shaft of the starter mechanism with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and after the arrival of the internal engine piston of its combustion in the vicinity of the bottom dead center, the pneumatic drive system of the three-valve gas distributor with the pneumatic accumulator of the system charged by the gas from the compensation pneumatic accumulator by the inlet, gas distribution and exhaust valve provides gas exchange in the internal combustion engine.

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