KR100507710B1 - Lighting device for signalling, identification or marking - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lighting device for indicating, identifying or displaying a semiconductor device, such as a light source formed as a light emitting diode or light emitting polymer.

In order to adjust the lighting device according to different climatic or light conditions, the lighting device includes a control device which can control and vary the intensity of light emitted by the semiconductor.

Description

Lighting devices for indication, identification or indication {LIGHTING DEVICE FOR SIGNALLING, IDENTIFICATION OR MARKING}

The present invention relates to a lighting device for indicating, identifying or displaying comprising a light source formed as a semiconductor device such as a light emitting diode (LED) or a light emitting polymer.

By the semiconductor element, the light of the above-described lighting apparatus is emitted in a predetermined color without optical filtering of light rays. Such semiconductor devices do not generate light, in particular heat generating infrared or ultraviolet light, outside the visible region. Therefore, the energy cost for operating the semiconductor device of the above method or the lighting apparatus including the semiconductor device of the above method is very small.

1 is a schematic diagram of a semiconductor device formed as a light emitting diode,

2 to 4 are front, side and plan views of a first embodiment of a cluster of lighting devices according to the invention,

5 to 7 are front, side and plan views of a second embodiment of a cluster of lighting devices according to the invention,

8 is a plan view of a first embodiment of a lighting apparatus according to the present invention,

9 is a plan view of a second embodiment of a lighting apparatus according to the present invention,

10 is a plan view of a third embodiment of a lighting apparatus according to the present invention,

11 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 of the lighting apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a view corresponding to FIG. 11, wherein the lighting device is formed in a cluster according to FIGS. 5 to 7;

13 is another embodiment of a lighting apparatus according to the present invention,

14 to 17 are schematic diagrams of clusters containing different semiconductor devices,

18 is a graph of a given color provided for the back system of an airport,

19 is a schematic diagram of the control, adjustment and monitoring of a back system of an airport,

20 is an output voltage waveform diagram of a pulse width modulation device of the lighting apparatus according to the present invention,

21 is a block diagram of a control device of the lighting apparatus according to the present invention,

22 is a modification of the control device of the lighting apparatus according to the present invention.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a lighting device configured such that the light emission can be adjusted to suit different needs and different light conditions in a simple manner.

The above object is achieved according to the present invention by the lighting device including a control device for controlling and varying the light emission intensity of the semiconductor element. For this reason, the light emission of the lighting apparatus can be adjusted according to various conditions by the variation of the intensity in which the semiconductor element emits light. Since the semiconductor device of this type emits light having a very narrow and constant wavelength range even when its light emission intensity is controlled, the color of light emitted from the lighting device is the same even when the light intensity is different. Since the adjustment of the light emission of the semiconductor element to a predetermined fluctuation using the control device is made in the microsecond range, the lighting device according to the present invention can satisfy high requirements.

If the lighting apparatus according to the invention comprises different semiconductor elements for emitting light of different colors and the light of different semiconductor elements can be arbitrarily mixed, the light emitted from the lighting apparatus can be arbitrarily adjusted in terms of color and / or intensity. Can be. Thus, light of different colors can be emitted by the same one illuminator. The efficiency of such a lighting device can be increased by emitting light of a semiconductor device with high saturation with a very narrow color width. Since the color of the emitted light does not vary enough to be perceived by the adjustment of the intensity, a color adjustment selection can be made with regard to efficiency. By means of the illumination device according to the invention formed in this way, light can actually be emitted in the visible color range, and any color that can be used technically important is possible.

In this case, mechanical movement of the filter, or other physically moving part, is not necessary; Corresponding properties of the lighting device according to the invention are represented by the static control component. By the addition of the colors generated by the individual semiconductor elements, light of all colors visible to the human eye can appear, after 2 arc-minutes corresponding to a distance of 0.5 m from the lighting device. This is because the photo resolution of different semiconductor devices can no longer be solved.

Preferably the lighting device can be dimmed and / or switched by the control device used for control of the energy supply.

If the control device comprises an electron light regulator, the reaction sensitivity of the semiconductor element is matched to the reaction sensitivity of an incandescent lamp or a tungsten halogen, so that the lighting device according to the present invention is the same system as a conventional lighting device including a tungsten halogen lamp and an incandescent lamp. Can be combined within.

The control device may be signal connected to the central unit via an energy supply line and / or a separate electrical or optical data line. The control device can be used to adjust the light emission intensity of the semiconductor element. In addition, when the lighting device is formed of a bidirectional or omnidirectional lighting device, it is given in advance in which direction the light is emitted by the controller.

By setting the light emission intensity and the number of semiconductor elements emitting light of different colors by the control device, light of any color can be emitted at any intensity by the illumination device according to the present invention.

In addition, the control device can set a constant sequence of output operating states and, optionally, different input operating states.

According to a preferred embodiment of the lighting device according to the invention it is possible to monitor the function and operating state of the semiconductor element acting as a light source by the control device.

If the lighting device according to the invention comprises alternatingly arranged semiconductor elements which emit red, green and blue light, it is possible to emit in some form variable white light which is very important especially when operating in an airport. Due to this, the lighting device can be best matched to different climatic conditions, and also different light conditions can be considered. Since red, blue and green are arranged at the outer vertices of the color triangle and the illumination device comprises a certain number of corresponding semiconductor elements, all colors can be generated by the illumination device. In addition, the requirement that can be given in advance in relation to the diffusion of light by the illumination device according to the invention can be met.

If only red, yellow, orange or green light is to be emitted by the lighting device according to the invention, the lighting device only has to include semiconductor elements emitting red or green light which are alternately arranged. In this case, there is no need for a semiconductor device that emits blue light, since it is not important for the light emission of the aforementioned colors. If the above four colors, i.e., red, yellow, orange and green light are to be generated, the illumination device according to the invention can be formed with smaller dimensions when the same light intensity is achieved by omitting the semiconductor element emitting blue light. Can be.

Since the semiconductor element rows adjacent to each other may be offset from each other, the semiconductor elements are arranged more closely on the substrate.

If the control device of the lighting device according to the invention comprises a pulse width modulation device capable of controlling the electrical energy supplied to the semiconductor element, high efficiency is obtained during operation of the lighting device according to the invention and the energy that can be used The pulse width modulator can be adjusted to suit the needs of the lighting device or the needs of the semiconductor device in the best manner. Typically there is no need for a thyristor controlled energy supply means which can cause harming and loss of reaction in the main source. In addition, there is no stroboscopic effect that may affect the accurate detection of the lighting device during operation of the lighting device according to the present invention.

Multiple semiconductor elements of the lighting device may form one cluster. 2 to 200, preferably 2 to 30 semiconductor elements are included in one cluster. Due to this, the failure of the semiconductor device can be compensated, because the cluster including the plurality of semiconductor devices can still operate even if one or more semiconductor devices fail.

The lighting device according to the invention can be formed as a cluster device consisting of a plurality of individual clusters, for example 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 16 clusters, in a preferred embodiment. Due to this, the spatial light distribution of the lighting device can be optimized according to a given requirement in advance. The global photometric properties of the lighting device are determined by the cluster device.

In a preferred embodiment of the lighting device according to the invention in particular the semiconductor elements of the cluster which are formed without holders are arranged on one common substrate.

If the substrate supporting the semiconductor element includes a layer of reflective material on its side facing the semiconductor element, the light rays of the semiconductor element that are not directed toward the light emitting surface of the cluster or lighting device are deflected there.

According to the embodiment of the lighting apparatus according to the present invention, when the mirror for deflecting the light rays of the semiconductor element is disposed at the exit side of the semiconductor element, the light emission direction of the lighting apparatus may be arbitrarily set according to the positioning of the mirror.

If the light emitting surface of the lighting device roughly corresponds to the area of the substrate supporting the semiconductor element in its dimension, light emission of the lighting device that is uniformly and comfortably sensed is achieved.

If the lighting device according to the invention is configured in a modular manner with different clusters and / or cluster devices as the case may be, it is possible to assemble such lighting devices to suit every application and every need without great cost.

For example, an illumination device formed bidirectionally and comprising two cluster devices, one of which clusters emitting light in the opposite direction to the other cluster device, is used to indicate the center line of a straight taxiway at the airport and to stop lights. Can be used as; If the lighting device includes two cluster devices that emit light in a direction inclined to each other, the lighting device can be used to mark the center line in the curved section of the induction furnace or as a stop light.

If the cluster device of the lighting device comprises a plurality of, for example three or five, arranged clusters next to each other, and adjacent clusters form an angle smaller than 180 °, the spatial distribution of the light emitted by the lighting device is optimized. Can be.

If the lighting device is to be formed omni-directional, it is preferable that its cluster device be bent and form a circle or cylinder surface.

If the illumination device must emit light in two directions, it is preferable that the semiconductor elements be arranged in rows or columns. If the lighting device is to emit light in all directions, it is preferable that the semiconductor element be arranged in the form of a circle or a cylinder. However, other arrangements of semiconductor elements are possible.

By forming the substrate side facing the semiconductor element as a reflective surface, if the light emitting section of the semiconductor device has an aspherical lens shape, a basic optical system can be formed that interacts with the light emitting section of the semiconductor device itself. Due to this, the projection and distribution of the generated light can be best formed.

The semiconductor elements of the lighting device according to the invention can be made of an inorganic or organic material, in particular plastic. This yields significant advantages in terms of weight and manufacturing method.

In addition, individual clusters may be cast into plastic or injection molded. Recycled plastic may be used as the plastic. Materials with good thermal conductivity can be used for the individual clusters, and plastics with good compressive strength can also be used.

If the cluster forms a compact unit with the housing of the lighting device, the hollow convection space is omitted.

If a cover plate that optically affects the light rays emitted by the semiconductor element is disposed in front of the semiconductor element of the lighting apparatus according to the present invention, the light emission of the lighting apparatus can be improved, for example, by focusing and placing the light beam.

Optical devices for light refraction and / or total reflection may be disposed in the semiconductor device. Thus, by forming a high-powered optical device capable of best forming the light emission, it is possible to meet the above requirements in airport operation in all cases.

If the outer surface of the cover plate is easily cleanable and cured, the maintenance cost of the lighting device can be reduced. Preferably the outer surface of the cover plate is formed to be self-purifying, in which case it is possible to coat the cover plate in a suitable manner.

If the semiconductor element is arranged to be embedded in the filler material, a compact design of the lighting device can be enabled.

If the filling material embedding the semiconductor element has a recess in the working surface or the light outlet of the semiconductor element, the use of the above-described basic optical system including the reflective design on the side of the substrate facing the semiconductor element and the aspherical lens in the emission section of the semiconductor element Can be maintained.

According to a preferred embodiment of the lighting device according to the invention, the filler is made of a transparent material, for example a transparent resin, in particular an epoxy resin, having a refractive index approximately equal to the refractive index of the cover plate. This eliminates optical losses at the transition surface between the filler and the cover plate.

The individual semiconductor elements are preferably formed operable in a fully automatic manner or in a partially automatic manner.

Preferably, since the cluster of lighting devices according to the invention is a component of a preliminary operating system, in all cases the entire failure of the lighting devices according to the invention can be reliably prevented. Due to the preliminary design of the system formed of the clusters, the maintenance cost of the lighting apparatus according to the present invention can be further reduced because the failure of the individual semiconductor elements does not necessarily cause the replacement of the clusters.

In order to further simplify the assembly, modification or repair of the lighting device according to the invention, it is preferred that one or several clusters of the lighting device are formed of replaceable units, in particular cassettes. In this case, the replacement of the cassette belonging to the illumination device can be made in situ.

Since such a cassette is preferably type-coded, it can only be inserted into the lighting device according to its device provided in the lighting device; As a result, little error occurs when the cassette is inserted in its original position.

In a preferred embodiment, projections or grooves are formed on the outer surface of the cassette to implement the type-coding, and corresponding grooves or projections are formed in the fixture of the lighting device for receiving the cassette. These protrusions or grooves increase the resistance to shear loads in the case of cassettes and in the case of lighting device side fixtures. The loads and loads applied to the cassette can be transferred to the induction furnace by the fixing device. The loads and loads may be mechanical, ie thermal loads due to static and dynamic loads and heat release. Holders for electrical contacts sealed to the periphery for the connection of the cassette are provided in the fixing device; In order for the cassette to be connected to the energy supply in a desired manner, the fixture may comprise energy supply and control components.

If the base body or housing of the cassette is completely or partially filled with a non-conductive material, such as a resin or plastic, galvanic corrosion can be avoided.

When non-conductive fillers, such as glass, are mixed with the non-conductive material, the thermal induction and heat load capacity of the cassette can be increased. As the thermal resistance between the clusters in the cassette is reduced, heat transfer between the cluster and the base body or housing of the cassette occurs by heat induction instead of convection. Since no cavity is provided inside the cassette, the cassette is watertight and airtight.

If the base body of the cassette or the wall of the housing, in particular the bottom wall, is formed as a thermal conductor, for example stainless steel or aluminum, the temperature gradient inside the cassette can be reduced.

Preferably the outer surface of the cassette is cured at least in the main load area; This can avoid damage due to wear, scratches or point loads. In addition, this reinforcement, in particular at the fixing point of the cassette, allows the shear load to be better distributed in the receiving portion of the lighting device. Surfaces exposed to the outside of the cassette or the entire lighting device may be hardened by sapphire or suitable glass, thereby avoiding a decrease in the efficiency of the lighting device due to wear, physical or chemical damage.

As described above, a lighting device according to the invention can be provided for the indication, identification and indication of traffic areas of the airport, such as takeoffs and landings, taxiways and the like. The lighting device according to the invention can be formed in accordance with standards applicable to air traffic or airports, such as ICAO, FAA, DOT, CIE, MIL-C-25050.

When the lighting device is designed as flush-marker light, when the lighting device is hit by a vehicle or a plane due to the absence of the cavity, the lighting device or the cassette forming it is not subjected to bending load, but only to a compressive load. . Since the temperature rise due to the operation of the light source in the lighting device formed by the coplanar light is less than 20% of the temperature rise in the conventional lighting device, the load on the vehicle tire across the coplanar light is significantly reduced. In addition, the risk of burns of the operator can be eliminated.

Further, the lighting apparatus according to the present invention may be formed to be used for identifying and displaying a traffic area of road traffic, for example, for a road direction indication, a road separation line, a speed limit indication, and the like.

In addition, the lighting apparatus according to the present invention may be formed to be used in the field of navigation, for example, for traffic lights, navigation road marking, buoy display and the like.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the basic body or housing of the lighting device can be formed of metal and non-conductive material. Such materials have not been used in lighting in airports until now because the tungsten halogen and incandescent lamps used as light sources generate too high heat. Since the nonmetallic and nonconductive materials usable in the case of the present invention are not conductive, galvanic corrosion does not occur in the lighting apparatus according to the present invention. The material provided for the lighting device according to the invention can be formed in any shape at low cost. The material is also used as a thermal conductor, so that heat generated by the lighting device can be directed to an assembly or induction furnace that receives the lighting device. Since the entire basic body or the entire housing of the lighting device according to the invention is formed as an insulator by the selection of available materials, no separate insulator is required which requires cost. Ecological advantages are given because renewable plastics can be used in the base body and housing of the lighting device. Since the material which can be used for forming the lighting device according to the invention has a significantly longer life compared to the prior art, the service life of the lighting device according to the invention is extended.

The semiconductor element of the lighting apparatus according to the present invention can be electrically controlled between very low potential and very high potential, and since the wavelength range of the light beam is very narrow over the entire control range and always constant in position and width, the entire control range Light of the same color may be emitted over.

When described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings an embodiment of the present invention. The invention applies here in particular to airports.

The lighting device according to the invention comprises a plurality of semiconductor elements formed as light emitting diodes 1 in the following examples. The light emitting diode 1 shown in FIG. 1 has the design of an aspheric lens 2 as shown in FIG. 1, in the region where light is emitted from the diode 1.

By forming the refractive lens 2 aspherical, the distribution of light emitted by the diode 1 can be optimized.

The light emitting diode 1 is in particular a bright or super bright LED.

The lighting device according to the invention consists of a plurality of light emitting diodes 1 described above. Many such light emitting diodes 1 may form one cluster shown in FIGS. 2 to 4. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 2 to 4, the cluster 3 comprises ten light emitting diodes 1 each having five light emitting diodes 1 arranged in two layers of rows.

The centerline of the diodes 1 in one row may be inclined with respect to the centerline of the diodes 1 in the other row.

All light emitting diodes 1 of the cluster 3 are arranged without holders on the substrate 4 used as a support for the light emitting diodes 1. The cluster 3 comprises a basic optical system to which the reflective layer 5 provided on the side of the substrate 4 facing the light emitting diode 1 belongs. The aspherical lens 2 of the light emitting diode 1, which optimizes the projection and distribution of light generated by the light emitting diode, belongs to the basic optical system. The aspheric lens 2 forms the inherent working surface of the light emitting diode 1 and the light emitting port.

The clusters 3 shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 are formed of modular parts combined with other identical or similar clusters 3. The cluster 3 is closed by the cover plate 7 at the light emitting surface 6. The cover plate 7 is arranged parallel to the substrate 4 in the cluster 3 shown in FIGS. 2 to 4. The light emitting surface 6 of the cluster 3 corresponds in size to the area of the substrate 4 which is almost completely covered by the light emitting diode 1.

The light emitting diode 1 of the cluster 3 is surrounded by a filler 8 which fills the space between the substrate 4 and the cover plate 7. The filler is made of a transparent material, such as a resin. The filler 8 comprises a recess 9 arranged directly in the emission section of the cluster 3 formed of the aspherical lens 2 of the light emitting diode 1 of the cluster 3. The recess 9 is formed between the working surface of the light emitting diode 1 of the cluster 3 and the filler material 8, thereby reflecting the reflective layer 5 of the substrate 4 and the aspherical lens 2 of the light emitting diode 1. The basic optical system formed by) is continued to be used.

The refractive index of the material forming the filler 8 preferably corresponds to the refractive index of the material forming the cover plate 7. Due to this, optical loss can be prevented at the contact surface between the filler 8 and the cover plate 7.

The outer surface of the cover plate 7 of the cluster 3 is cured and formed smoothly; The outer surface can also be self-purification.

In the embodiment of the cluster 3 as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the emission direction of the cluster 3, shown by the arrows in FIG. 3, is arranged perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 4.

In the embodiment of the cluster 3 shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the discharge direction of the cluster 3, shown by arrows in FIG. 6, is deflected by 90 °. For this purpose, a mirror surface 10 is arranged between the light emitting diode 1 and the light emitting surface 6 of the cluster 3. In the illustrated embodiment the mirror surface 10 deflects the light beam 90 ° so that the light beam radiates its light emitting surface 6 or its cover plate 7 from the cluster 3 parallel to the plane of the substrate 4. Is released through).

8 shows a guideway-middle light and stop light for a straight section of the guideway. So-called first cluster device 11 which emits in the direction indicated by arrow 13, and second cluster device 12 which emits in the opposite direction to cluster device 11, indicated by arrow 14, Bidirectional lighting devices are dealt with.

The lighting device shown in FIG. 8 is a compact device. Two cluster devices 11, 12 are arranged in one common housing 15. The area of the space inside the housing 15, which is arranged between the two cluster devices 11, 12 and on the side of the two cluster devices 11, 12 in FIG. 8, is filled with a suitable material. The housing 15 may be formed of metal.

Since the two cluster devices 11 and 12 correspond to each other in addition to emitting light in different directions, only the cluster device 11 shown on the right side of FIG. 8 will be described in detail below.

The cluster device 11 comprises three clusters 3 arranged side by side. Each cluster 3 can be implemented, for example, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 4. The intermediate cluster 3 is arranged at right angles to the center line 16 of the taxiway, the center region of which intersects the center line 16. The two outer clusters 3 form an angle slightly smaller than 180 ° with the intermediate cluster 3. This results in an effective horizontal distribution of the light. The cover of the lighting device shown in FIG. 8 has an outer surface which is cured, smooth and cleantable in a simple manner.

The lighting device shown in FIG. 9 is likewise used to indicate the center line of the taxiway, but is used as a stop light that can be used in the curved section of the taxiway. The illumination device shown in FIG. 9 has five individual directions in which the emission directions of the two cluster devices 11, 12 are inclined to each other and each cluster device 11, 12 may be a cluster of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 4. The cluster 3 is provided different from the lighting device shown in FIG. 8. Since the curved section of the induction furnace is dealt with, the intermediate cluster 3 of the two cluster devices 11, 12 is displaced and inclined with respect to the center line CL of the lighting device. The cluster 3 of the two cluster devices 11, 12 forms an angle α slightly smaller than 180 ° with the adjacent cluster 3.

10 likewise shows a lighting device acting in all directions, which may likewise be provided for indicating a taxiway. In the embodiment shown, six curved clusters 17 are provided. The six clusters form one closed circle and are separated from each other by ribs 18. Six curved clusters 17 allow light to be emitted in virtually all directions.

In the lighting device described above with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10, the outer surface is formed to have a transparent and hard surface, such as sapphire or glass cured, thereby avoiding a decrease in efficiency of the lighting device due to wear and physical or chemical damage. By hardening or coating the outer surface, Fresnel loss can be reduced.

11 and 12 show cross-sectional views of lighting devices which correspond substantially to the lighting devices shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 and are formed as coplanar indicators. These indicate that the cluster 3 of the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 is used in FIG. 11, whereas the coplanar indicator according to FIG. 12 uses the cluster of the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7. The point is different.

Important parts of the lighting device according to FIGS. 11 and 12 are arranged at the bottom of the floor level 19. Arrows shown in Figures 11 and 12 indicate the light emission direction of the coplanar indicator. In particular, as shown in FIG. 11, the portion of the coplanar indicator including the cluster (s) is formed in the form of a cassette 20 which forms a replaceable unit at no great cost. This coplanar indicator may comprise one or a plurality of cassettes 20. Depending on the embodiment of the lighting device a number of identical manners or in some cases other cassettes may be assembled into the lighting device.

Such a cassette 20 is structurally coded in the preferred embodiment. This structural coding corresponds to its placement inside the lighting device. As a result, little error occurs in the home position-insertion of the cassette 20. Structural cording may be implemented with cassette-side protrusions or recesses, in which case a corresponding recess or protrusion is provided in the receiving portion 21 of the lighting device. This relief design or the design of the grooved cassette 20 or the receiving part 21 increases the resistance to shear loads.

The base body or housing of the cassette 20 is filled in whole or in part with a non-conductive material such as resin or plastic; This avoids galvanic corrosion. By mixing a thermally conductive material, such as glass, with the non-conductive material, it is possible to increase the heat conduction capacity and heat load carrying capacity of the cassette 20.

Since heat transfer between the cluster 3 and the base body or housing of the cassette 20 is based on heat conduction instead of air / gas convection, the thermal resistance of the cassette 20 is significantly reduced.

Since no convective gas is present, the plane or vehicle loads acting on the cassette 20 do not cause bending stress, but only a compressive stress that can simply be accommodated or induced.

Since there is no cavity in the cassette 20 and no convection gas exists, the cassette 20 is watertight and hermetic.

Since the temperature rise occurring within the cassette 20 is less than 20% of the temperature rise in a lighting device with a conventional tungsten halogen light source, the airplane or car tires are significantly less loaded and the images of the operator and serviceman can be excluded. have.

The bottom wall of the cassette 20 may be formed of a thermal conductor, such as stainless steel or coated aluminum: this reduces the temperature gradient inside the cassette 20.

The outer surface of the cassette 20 can be cured, for example formed of stainless steel, so that damage due to wear, scratches or point loads can be avoided.

Since the fixed point of the cassette 20 is formed by reinforcement, the shear load can be well distributed on the structure or the receiving portion 21 supporting the cassette 20.

Energy induction or signal transfer to the cassette 20 is performed by magnetic purification and magnetic sealing contacts. Water and vapor seal protection for the environment is achieved.

Due to the design of the lighting device comprising the light-emitting diode 1, the electrical energy transfer between the cassette 20 and the rest of the lighting device is at a very low voltage level, thus eliminating the risk of damage to the electrical contacts and the electrical Replacement of “hot” cassettes can be made without risk of shock; In this case, the voltage level is below the peak voltage of about 25V.

The cassette 20 is arranged above the energy supply and control device 22 of the lighting device.

Since the cassette 20 is configured without a cavity, it withstands a mechanical load of 100 G and a vibration load of up to 30 G, at which time it is not important whether the lighting device is supplied with energy or not.

The load and load applied to the cassette 20 by the receiving portion 21 are transmitted to the road. The loads and loads are thermal loads that arise from static and dynamic mechanical loads, and heat release demands.

13 is an embodiment of a lighting device arranged on top of a road in a conventional manner. Here too the cassette 20, which is modularly replaceable, is arranged on top of the energy supply and control device 22, the energy supply and control device 22 being bottom level 19 by means of a clutch 23 that can be released. ) Is placed on top.

14 shows a cluster 3 consisting of red, green and blue light emitting diodes 1. The light emitting diodes 1 of each color are adjustable in the manner described below in terms of intensity of emitting light. By the light emitting diodes 1 of each color emitting light at a predetermined intensity, light can be emitted in virtually all visible colors by the cluster 3 shown in FIG. In addition, the light can be emitted at different intensities. In particular, as shown in relation to FIG. 18, red, green and blue light can be emitted at all intensities and in colors for possible signals.

By this embodiment of the cluster 3 white light with different intensities can be emitted. This has been difficult in conventional lighting devices. This is because, as shown in FIG. 18, red, green, and blue are arranged at the vertices of a triangle representing an approximately visible color gamut in the color spectrum.

Since the light emitted from the cluster 3 is no longer distinguished from the individual light sources at a distance of two arcs corresponding to a viewing distance of 10 m, the light can be formed with a predetermined color and intensity for all purposes. This applies in particular to the standard ICAO, FAA, DOT, CIE and MIL-C-25050 applicable to aviation.

In particular, in order to generate variable white light, a cluster 3 comprising a light emitting diode 1 with red, blue and green light as described above is most suitable. The three colors are arranged at the outer vertices of the triangle shown in FIG. 18, corresponding to the aforementioned standard, as described above.

Only four colors are needed, red (R), yellow (Y), orange and green (G), to identify roadways markings and airplane route indications. For this purpose, the cluster 3 is simple and less complex, if it comprises only two different modes of light emitting diodes 1, ie light emitting diodes that emit red and green light. This cluster 3 is shown in FIG. 15. In this case, the diode 1 emitting blue light can be omitted.

The cluster 3 according to FIGS. 16 and 17 differs from the cluster 3 shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 in that the individual light emitting diodes 1 are not arranged in rows displaced from one another; Rather, in the case of the cluster 3 according to FIGS. 16 and 17, the light emitting diodes 1 in which the layer layers are arranged are not displaced from each other.

The light emitting diodes 1 are sold in different colors by different manufacturers. Forshiba, for example, manufactures LEDs for emitting red, orange and yellow light; Hewlett-Packard manufactures diodes for emitting amber, orange, red-orange and red light; Ledtronics manufactures diodes to emit green, yellow, orange, red and blue light.

Control of the energy supply to the light emitting diode 1 is made with a minimum loss by the pulse width modulator 24. In this case, the peak current is set as an initialization method for identifying the structure of the light emitting diode according to the comparison result of the voltage drop through the series of light emitting diodes and the voltage drop through the reference LED.

Hereinafter, with reference to Figure 19 will be described the integration and control of the lighting device according to the invention in the control system of the airport.

The aircraft control center 25, the evacuation center 26 and the service center 27 are connected to the control device 28 of the taxiway and gate in a suitable manner. The control device 28 is again connected to the sub stations 29, 30, 31. Only the sub station 29 of the sub stations is shown in detail in FIG. 19.

19 shows a parallel connection between the control device 28 and the substations 29, 30, 31, although a loop connection or a bus connection is also possible.

The sub station 29 comprises a sub controller 32 with a panel 33. The unique control device 22 of the lighting device according to the invention is connected to the sub control device 32 via the CCR 34 and the master circuit 35.

The aforementioned pulse width modulation device 24 is included in the control device 22 shown in detail in FIGS. 21 and 22. The output of the pulse width modulator 24 may vary as shown in FIG. The upper part of FIG. 20 shows the output of the pulse width modulator 24 with low intensity, and the lower part of FIG. 20 shows the output of the pulse width modulator 24 with high intensity.

The control device 22 shown in FIGS. 21 and 22 shows that the control device 22 shown in FIG. 21 does not have a separate data line 36 but includes only an energy supply line 37 which is also used for data transmission. Is different.

The output adaptation and sensor unit 38 is included in the control device 22. The output adaptation and sensor unit 38 is connected to a pulse width modulator 24 and a controller 39.

The pulse width modulator 24 is likewise connected to the controller 39 and the sensor 40. The sensor 40 is connected to the controller 39 through which the light emitting diode 1 of the lighting device is triggered. The controller 39 is connected to the energy supply line 37 or the data line 36 via the modem 41 and the terminal circuit 42.

As the controller 39, a device of the Intel 8051 may be used. As the sub station controller 32, a PC may be used. The PC may be a SICOMP-PC.

The control of the lighting device is controlled by the light emission intensity of the diode 1, the selection of the direction of the light (s) to be emitted from the lighting device, the color selection of the light, the temporal order of the optical flash coding or the light pulses, the input being controlled in time And / or automatic "Power on Default-start-up"-selection and automatic "Fallback Default"-selection in case of output operation, monitoring of diode 1, failure of control device. Additional operating features are also possible.

An input to the control device 22 is automatically detected and adjusted to suit the needs of the lighting device.

In the case of a standard-phase current-series circuit-input, the exponential response characteristic is typical for tungsten halogen lamps or incandescent lamps, so that the lighting device according to the invention can be combined in one and the same circuit as a conventional lighting device. The output of the modulator 24 is adjusted.

Modem 42 codes and assigns modulated control signals from energy supply line 37 or data line 36. The modem 41 alternately modulates and codes the monitoring signal from the lighting device so that the signal can be used in the central control and monitoring device. The modem 41 operates in two directions, allowing transmission of control and monitoring signals in a suitable manner.

The monitoring unit that monitors line breaks, shorts to ground, lead-in errors, and the like is a component of the control unit 22.

The function of the cluster 3 can be monitored, for example, by selenium cells.

Claims (39)

As a flush-marker light having semiconductor elements 1 such as a light emitting diode (LED) or light emitting polymers, for indicating and identifying traffic areas, different semiconductor elements each emit different colors, It comes in the form of a cluster,       The same plane light is an airport-like plane light for illuminating an airplane's takeoff, landing, taxiway, etc.,       The coplanar indicator light has a cover plate 7, the outside of the cover plate is cured and disposed at the same height as the height of the ground plane,       The coplanar indicator also has a control device 22 with a pulse width modulation device 24, through which the electrical energy provided to the semiconductor elements 1 is adjusted so that The light emission intensity can be varied in a controlled form,       The semiconductor elements 1 are arranged to be embedded in the filler material 8,       The filler 8 is formed of a transparent material having a refractive index that matches the refractive index of the cover plate 7, the transparent material comprises a transparent resin or an epoxy resin,       One or a plurality of clusters 3 of lighting devices are formed of replaceable units, in particular cassettes 20,       Co-planar indicator light, characterized in that the body or housing of the cassette (20) is completely or partially filled with a non-conductive material comprising resin or plastic. A coplanar indicator light according to claim 1, characterized in that the light emitted from different semiconductor elements (1) can be mixed by the controller (22). 3. Coplanar indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lighting device can be switched by a control device (22) used for control and energy supply. The co-planar indicator light according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control device (22) comprises an electronic light regulator.  3. The control device 22 according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control device 22 is an energy supply line 37, a separate electrical or optical data line 36, or an energy supply line 37 and a separate electrical or optical data line. A coplanar indicator light signal connected to the central unit via 36. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light emitting intensity and the number of semiconductor elements 1 emitting light of different colors are set by the control device 22, so that light of any color is randomized by the lighting device. Coplanar indicator light, characterized in that it can be emitted at the intensity of. 3. Coplanar indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control device (22) is capable of setting a particular sequence of off and different on operating states. The coplanar indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the operating state and function of the semiconductor element (1) can be monitored by the control device (22). The coplanar indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the illumination device comprises semiconductor elements (1) arranged alternately to emit red, green and blue light. The coplanar indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the illumination device comprises semiconductor elements (1) arranged alternately and emitting red and green light. The coplanar indicator light according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rows of semiconductor elements adjacent to each other are displaced from each other. The coplanar indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two to 200 semiconductor elements (1) form one cluster.  The coplanar indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lighting device is formed as a cluster device consisting of a plurality of individual clusters (3). 15. Coplanar indicator according to claim 14, characterized in that from 1 to 30 clusters (3) form one cluster device (11, 12). The coplanar indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the semiconductor elements (1) of one cluster (3) are arranged on one common substrate (4). Co-planar indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the individual semiconductor elements (1) are formed without holders. A coplanar indicator light according to claim 16, characterized in that the substrate (4) supporting the semiconductor elements (1) comprises a layer (5) of reflective material on its side facing the semiconductor element (1). The coplanar indicator light according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a mirror surface (10) for deflecting the light emission direction of the semiconductor element (1) is arranged on the output side of the semiconductor element (1). 16. The coplanar indicator light according to claim 15, characterized in that the light emitting surface (6) coincides with the area of the substrate (4) supporting the semiconductor element (1) in the dimension plane thereof. 3. A lighting device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lighting device is formed bidirectionally and comprises two cluster devices (11, 12), one of the cluster devices emitting light in a direction opposite to the other cluster device. Coplanar indicator light. The coplanar display according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the illumination device is formed bidirectionally and comprises two cluster devices (11, 12), said cluster devices emitting light in a direction inclined to each other. Etc. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that each cluster device (11, 12) comprises a plurality of clusters (3) arranged next to each other, wherein adjacent clusters (3) each form an angle of less than 180 °. Coplanar indicator light.  The coplanar indicator light according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lighting device is formed omni-directional and its cluster device is bent to form a circle or cylinder surface. The co-planar indicator light according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the semiconductor elements (1) are arranged in rows and columns. The coplanar indicator light according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the semiconductor element (1) is arranged in a circle or a cylinder. The coplanar indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the semiconductor element (1) comprises an emission section (2) in the form of an aspherical lens.  Co-planar indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the semiconductor element (1) is formed of an inorganic or organic material, in particular plastic. 3. Coplanar indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cluster (3) together with the housing (15) of the lighting device forms a compact unit. The coplanar indicator light according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a cover plate is disposed in front of the semiconductor element (1) which can optically influence the light rays emitted by the semiconductor element (1). 30. Coplanar indicator according to claim 29, characterized in that the light beam can be focused and oriented by the cover plate (7). 29. An in-plane light indicator according to claim 28, characterized in that an optical device for light refraction and / or total reflection is arranged in the semiconductor element (1). The coplanar indicator light according to claim 29, characterized in that the outer surface of the cover plate (7) is easily purifiable and cured. 33. The co-planar indicator light according to claim 32, characterized in that the outer surface of the cover plate (7) is coated. The coplanar indicator light according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the filler (8) of the semiconductor element (1) has one recess (9) on its working surface or on the light exit opening (2). The projection or groove is formed in the outer surface of the cassette 20, the corresponding groove or projection is formed in the fixing device 21 of the lighting device for receiving the cassette (20). Coplanar indicator light. A coplanar indicator light according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the non-conductive filler such as glass is mixed with the non-conductive material. 3. Coplanar indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wall, in particular the bottom wall, of the body or housing of the cassette (20) is formed of, for example, stainless steel or aluminum as a thermal conductor. A coplanar indicator light according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a hardened portion is provided at least in the main load region of the outer surface of the cassette (20). The coplanar indicator light according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base body or housing is made of a nonmetal and a nonconductive material.