JPWO2019150902A1 - 非水電解質二次電池、電解液および非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池、電解液および非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2019150902A1 JPWO2019150902A1 JP2019568957A JP2019568957A JPWO2019150902A1 JP WO2019150902 A1 JPWO2019150902 A1 JP WO2019150902A1 JP 2019568957 A JP2019568957 A JP 2019568957A JP 2019568957 A JP2019568957 A JP 2019568957A JP WO2019150902 A1 JPWO2019150902 A1 JP WO2019150902A1
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- Prior art keywords
- carboxylic acid
- negative electrode
- aqueous electrolyte
- electrolytic solution
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
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- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M sodium;(2r)-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1OCCCCCC[C@]1(C(=O)[O-])CO1 RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000279 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
Description
プローブ:Varian 7mm CPMAS−2
MAS:4.2kHz
MAS速度:4kHz
パルス:DD(45°パルス+シグナル取込時間1Hデカップル)
繰り返し時間:1200sec
観測幅:100kHz
観測中心:−100ppm付近
シグナル取込時間:0.05sec
積算回数:560
試料量:207.6mg
リチウムシリケート相LiySiOzの組成は、例えば、以下の方法により分析することができる。
負極は、例えば、負極集電体と、負極集電体の表面に形成され、かつ負極活物質を含む負極合剤層とを具備する。負極合剤層は、負極合剤を分散媒に分散させた負極スラリーを、負極集電体の表面に塗布し、乾燥させることにより形成できる。乾燥後の塗膜を、必要により圧延してもよい。負極合剤層は、負極集電体の一方の表面に形成してもよく、両方の表面に形成してもよい。
正極は、例えば、正極集電体と、正極集電体の表面に形成された正極合剤層とを具備する。正極合剤層は、正極合剤を分散媒に分散させた正極スラリーを、正極集電体の表面に塗布し、乾燥させることにより形成できる。乾燥後の塗膜を、必要により圧延してもよい。正極合剤層は、正極集電体の一方の表面に形成してもよく、両方の表面に形成してもよい。
電解液は、溶媒と、溶質と、カルボン酸無水物とを含み、溶媒は、カルボン酸エステル化合物を含み、溶質は、スルホニルイミド化合物を含む。
通常、正極と負極との間には、セパレータを介在させることが望ましい。セパレータは、イオン透過度が高く、適度な機械的強度および絶縁性を備えている。セパレータとしては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布などを用いることができる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンなどのポリオレフィンが好ましい。
[負極材料LSXの調製]
二酸化ケイ素と炭酸リチウムとを原子比:Si/Liが1.05となるように混合し、混合物を950℃空気中で10時間焼成することにより、式:Li2Si2O5(u=0.5)で表わされるリチウムシリケートを得た。得られたリチウムシリケートは平均粒径10μmになるように粉砕した。
導電層を有するLSX粒子と黒鉛とを5:95の質量比で混合し、負極活物質として用いた。負極活物質と、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(CMC−Na)と、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)とを、97.5:1:1.5の質量比で混合し、水を添加した後、混合機(プライミクス社製、T.K.ハイビスミックス)を用いて攪拌し、負極スラリーを調製した。次に、銅箔の表面に1m2当りの負極合剤の質量が190gとなるように負極スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して、銅箔の両面に、密度1.5g/cm3の負極合剤層が形成された負極を作製した。
リチウムニッケル複合酸化物(LiNi0.8Co0.18Al0.02O2)と、アセチレンブラックと、ポリフッ化ビニリデンとを、95:2.5:2.5の質量比で混合し、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)を添加した後、混合機(プライミクス社製、T.K.ハイビスミックス)を用いて攪拌し、正極スラリーを調製した。次に、アルミニウム箔の表面に正極スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して、アルミニウム箔の両面に、密度3.6g/cm3の正極合剤層が形成された正極を作製した。
溶媒には、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)および所定のカルボン酸エステル化合物を表1に示す体積比で含む混合溶媒を用いた。溶質には、表1に示す割合で、LFSIとLiPF6とを併用した。得られた電解液に対し、表1に示す割合で、所定のカルボン酸無水物を含ませた。
酢酸エチル(EA)
酢酸プロピル(PA)
プロピオン酸メチル(MP)
プロピオン酸エチル(EP)
プロピオン酸プロピル(PP)
ブタン酸メチル(MB)
ブタン酸エチル(EB)
ブタン酸プロピル(PB)
カルボン酸無水物としては、以下を用いた。
無水マレイン酸(MAA)
ジグリコール酸無水物(DIGA)
[非水電解質二次電池の作製]
各電極にタブをそれぞれ取り付け、タブが最外周部に位置するように、セパレータを介して正極および負極を渦巻き状に巻回することにより電極群を作製した。電極群をアルミニウムラミネートフィルム製の外装体内に挿入し、105℃で2時間真空乾燥した後、非水電解液を注入し、外装体の開口部を封止して、電池A1〜A13を得た。
溶質に、LiPF6を単独で使用し、かつカルボン酸無水物を用いないこと以外、実施例と同様に、比較例1の電池B1を作製した。
溶質に、LiPF6を単独で使用したこと以外、実施例と同様に、比較例2の電池B2を作製した。
カルボン酸無水物を用いないこと以外、実施例と同様に、比較例3の電池B3を作製した。
溶媒に、表1に示すように、カルボン酸エステル化合物を含まない溶媒を用い、溶質に、LiPF6を単独で使用し、かつカルボン酸無水物を用いないこと以外、実施例1と同様に、比較例4の電池B4を作製した。
作製後の各電池について、25℃の環境下で、0.3It(800mA)の電流で電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、その後、4.2Vの定電圧で電流が0.015It(40mA)になるまで定電圧充電した。その後、0.3It(800mA)の電流で電圧が2.75Vになるまで定電流放電を行った。
カラム:アジレントテクノロジー社製、HP−1(膜厚1.0μm×長さ60m)
カラム温度:50℃→110℃(5℃/min,12min hold)→250℃(5℃/min,7min hold)→300℃(10℃/min,20min hold)
スプリット比:1/50
線速度:29.2cm/s
注入口温度:270℃
注入量:0.5μL
インターフェース温度:230℃
質量範囲:m/z=30〜400(SCANモード)、m/z=29,31,32,43,45,60(SIMモード)
分析の結果、電池A1〜A13、B2においては、カルボン酸無水物の存在が確認された。
45℃環境下で、評価1と同じ充放電条件で充放電を繰り返した。1サイクル目の放電容量に対する250サイクル目の放電容量の割合を、容量維持率(R45)として求めた。
25℃環境下で、評価1と同じ充放電条件で充放電を繰り返した。1サイクル目の放電容量に対する250サイクル目の放電容量の割合を、容量維持率(R25)として求めた。
評価1と同じ充放電条件で充放電を5サイクル繰り返した後、25℃環境下で、50%の充電状態(SOC50%)における電池の反応抵抗を交流インピーダンス測定により求めた。
2 正極リード
3 負極リード
4 電池ケース
5 封口板
6 負極端子
7 ガスケット
20 LSX粒子
21 リチウムシリケート相
22 シリコン粒子
23 母粒子
24 導電層
Claims (15)
- 正極、負極、前記正極と前記負極との間に介在するセパレータおよび電解液を有し、前記電解液が、溶媒と、溶質と、カルボン酸無水物と、を含み、
前記溶媒が、カルボン酸エステル化合物を含み、
前記溶質が、スルホニルイミド化合物を含む、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記溶媒に占める前記カルボン酸エステル化合物の割合が、5体積%〜80体積%である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記溶媒に占める前記カルボン酸エステル化合物の割合が、20体積%〜45体積%である、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記電解液における前記カルボン酸無水物の含有量が、3質量%以下である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記電解液における前記スルホニルイミド化合物の含有量が、0.1mol/リットル〜1.1mol/リットルである、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記カルボン酸無水物が、無水コハク酸、無水マレイン酸およびジグリコール酸無水物よりなる群から選択された少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記スルホニルイミド化合物が、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド:LiN(SO2F)2を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記カルボン酸エステル化合物が、R1CO−OR2で表される低級エステル化合物を
含み、
R1は、水素原子(H)または炭素数1〜3のアルキル基であり、
R2は、炭素数1〜3のアルキル基である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記負極が、リチウムシリケート相および前記リチウムシリケート相内に分散しているシリコン粒子を含む複合材料を含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記複合材料中の前記シリコン粒子の含有量が、30質量%以上である、請求項9に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウムシリケート相の組成が、式:LiySiOzで表わされ、0<y≦8かつ0.5≦z≦6を満たす、請求項9または10に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 正極、負極、前記正極と前記負極との間に介在するセパレータおよび電解液を有し、
前記電解液が、溶媒と、溶質と、を含み、
前記溶媒が、カルボン酸エステル化合物を含み、
前記溶質が、スルホニルイミド化合物を含み、
前記負極が、スルホニルイミド化合物およびカルボン酸無水物に由来する被膜を有する、非水電解質二次電池。 - 溶媒と、溶質と、カルボン酸無水物と、を含み、
前記溶媒が、カルボン酸エステル化合物を含み、
前記リチウム塩が、スルホニルイミド化合物を含む、電解液。 - 前記カルボン酸無水物の含有量が、3質量%以下である、請求項13に記載の電解液。
- 正極、負極、前記正極と前記負極との間に介在するセパレータおよび請求項13に記載の電解液を有する未充電電池を組み立てる工程と、
前記未充電電池を充電することにより、前記負極に、スルホニルイミド化合物およびカルボン酸無水物に由来する被膜を形成する工程と、を含む、非水電解質二次電池の製造方法。
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US20210036367A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 |
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EP3748758B1 (en) | 2024-05-22 |
JP7270230B2 (ja) | 2023-05-10 |
EP3748758A1 (en) | 2020-12-09 |
CN111630703A (zh) | 2020-09-04 |
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