JPH08234736A - Automatic playing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To enable diverse automatic musical performances by switching the mode of quantization as to respective playing parts. CONSTITUTION: A key-ON event which is generated between time to and t4 is considered to be generated at t2 and a key-OFF event is moved in units Δt by as much as the movement of the key-ON event. Here, the time obtained by equally dividing a quantization time (from t0 -t4 ) into four is used as Δt. A figure (a) shows that the key is ON and OFF before quantization and (b) shows that the key is ON and OFF after the quantization. A quantizing means is provided which performs the quantization of the generation time of note-OFF information in addition to the quantization of the generation time of note-ON information or the quantization of the generation time of note-ON information, and the mode of the quantization by the quantizing mean is switched by playing parts, so diverse automatic musical performances that a player and an operator desires become possible.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for storing musical performance information generated by a player performing a musical operation of a musical instrument, reading the information later, and controlling the musical tone generator.
This is an automatic performance device that automatically performs, and particularly has a function of quantizing performance information generated at an arbitrary time into information generated at a time represented by a predetermined time interval.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Performance information of a human being is stored in a current automatic performance device as it is, and when it is reproduced, almost the same automatic performance as when a performance is performed can be reproduced. Such an automatic performance device usually has a plurality of performance parts, and stores performance information in each of the performance parts, and simultaneously reproduces the performance information stored in the plurality of performance parts.

Performance timings may be quantized in order to deliberately make the performance information stored in this way a mechanical expression, or to correct a performance with a slight sense of rhythm.

[0004]

However, the mere selection of quantization or not often impairs the delicate performance expression of the player, and it is desirable to be able to select a wider variety of automatic performance methods. By the way, a key on / off signal of a keyboard which is performance information (in the MIDI standard,
There are various methods of storing note-on and note-off, and the key is generally used here. Therefore, the following two methods are typical. The first method, which is one of them, is a method in which when one key is turned on, the time until the key is turned off is held at the same time as the key-on information, as shown in FIG. 3 (a). Now the second method is
As shown in (b), this method simply stores the elapsed time from the event that occurred immediately before, together with the type of event, regardless of whether the key is on or off. The second method of the latter is
If you want to store or play, you can easily execute it because you only need to perform the processing in order, but on the other hand, deleting or changing a part of the stored performance information is complicated by the time relationship before and after it. Becomes difficult. On the other hand, in the former first method, since it is managed as a note, it can be edited relatively easily. The former method has no problem when quantizing performance information.

That is, in the first method of the former, FIG.
As shown in (a), key on information (('O', 'B' in the example of FIG. 3A) and the time from when the key is turned on until it is turned off (key-on time; FIG. 3 (a) has 'A', 'C'), so the key ON information ('O', 'B' in the example of FIG. 3 (a)) is quantized to another value. Even if it is rewritten, the key-on time, which represents the time from key-on to key-off (see FIG. 3)
'A', 'C' in the example of (a) has no effect. Even when the key-off time is quantized, key-on information (such as “O”, “O” in the example of FIG.
If the key-on time ('A', 'C' in FIG. 3A) is quantized independently of'B '), the amount of change in the key-on time (time from key-on to key-off) is kept to a minimum. .

On the other hand, in the case of the latter second method, simply quantizing the ON / OFF state of a key to a certain unit time results in an extreme change in the key ON time as shown in FIG. There is a risk that it will. It is assumed that a performance performed as shown in FIG. 7A is quantized on a time axis shown in FIG. That is, in the quantization method in which it is assumed that the event that occurred between the times t ₁ and t ₂ occurred at the intermediate time T ₁ , as shown in (c), the time during which the key is on is very long. It will be short.

In view of the above circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic performance device capable of selecting various automatic performance methods from the viewpoint of quantization.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An automatic performance apparatus of the present invention which achieves the above object expresses performance information including note-on information and note-off information for each of a plurality of performance parts, and indicates the time of occurrence of the performance information. Note-on information is stored in the automatic performance device that stores time information and reads the stored performance information in accordance with the occurrence time represented by the time information added to the performance information, and performs automatic performance by these multiple performance parts. The quantizing means for performing the quantizing for changing the occurrence time of to the closest quantizing time to the nearest quantizing time among the plural quantizing times arranged at a predetermined time interval, and for each of the plurality of performance parts. , And a quantizing specifying means for specifying a mode of quantization by the quantizing means.

Here, in the above-mentioned automatic performance apparatus of the present invention, the quantizing means calculates the time of occurrence of the note-on information as
Note-on information in which the generation time is changed while changing to the first quantization time closest to the generation time before the change among the plurality of first quantization times arranged in a predetermined first time interval The note-off information occurrence time corresponding to
Of the note-off information occurrence time and the note-on information occurrence time corresponding to the note-off information among a plurality of second quantization times arranged at a predetermined second time interval that is the same as or different from the time interval of The amount of change in the difference time between the occurrence time of the note-off information and the occurrence time of the note-on information corresponding to the note-off information before and after the change on both sides becomes the minimum. It is also a preferable aspect to perform quantization for changing to the second quantization time.

Further, in the automatic performance device of the present invention, the quantization designating means may designate, for each of a plurality of performance parts, whether or not the quantizing means performs quantization. Here, the mode of quantization by the quantizing means includes a mode of performing or not performing the quantization, and even in the case of performing the quantization, the predetermined time interval (predetermined first time Interval) or the above-mentioned second predetermined time interval is different from each other, which is also included in the quantization mode.

In the present invention, the time at which the note-off information is generated need not be corrected in the case of the above-mentioned first method, and the correction of the note-off information is not necessary in the case of the above-mentioned second method. Before and after both the time and the note-on information occurrence time are changed, the difference time between the note-off information occurrence time and the note-on information occurrence time corresponding to the note-off information is kept the same. In addition, the note-on information generation time may be changed as it is. Alternatively, the generation time of the note-off information may be quantized. In the case of the above-mentioned second method, when the generation time of the note-off information is quantized, the quantization time is corrected so that the change in the difference time is minimized.

The present invention includes these various aspects.
The automatic performance device of the present invention is provided with a quantizing means for quantizing the occurrence time of the note-on information or in addition to the quantization of the occurrence time of the note-on information. Since the mode of quantization by the quantizing means is switched for each part, a variety of automatic performances can be performed according to the interests of the performer and the operator.

[0013]

Examples below PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As shown in FIG. 1, for key-on, for those that occurred between the time t ₀ of t ₄ is intended to have occurred t _2, the key-off is , And the key-on is moved in the unit of Δt. Here, the quantization time (time t
_The time obtained by equally dividing ₀ to t ₄ ) is defined as Δt.

FIG. 1A shows the on / off state of the key before quantization, and FIG. 1B shows the on / off state of the key after quantization. FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the automatic performance device according to the present embodiment. 1 is a serial / parallel converter. The MIDI signal, which is a standard of performance information, is a serial signal. When a MIDI signal generated by playing a keyboard or the like is received, the MIDI signal is converted into a parallel signal and output to the CPU. Also, CPU
When a parallel signal is input from the device, it is converted to a serial signal and output from the MIDI OUT terminal. This MIDI
An electronic musical instrument is connected to the OUT terminal, and generates a musical tone corresponding to a MIDI signal.

2 is a microprocessor (CPU),
It operates based on the control program stored in the ROM 4. Reference numeral 3 denotes a RAM which is used as a working memory of the CPU and in which performance information is stored. 5
Is a display device for displaying the state of operation on the operation panel 6 and the name of the music piece of performance information currently stored in the RAM.

Reference numeral 6 denotes an operation panel, which switches between a mode for storing performance and a mode for reproduction, an instruction to execute quantization, setting of a tempo at the time of reproduction, loading of the contents of the RAM into an external storage device such as a floppy disk 7, Consists of operators for saving and the like. (Quantization) When quantization is instructed by a switch in the operation panel, the CPU uses the working memory in the RAM shown in FIG. 5 and quantizes the performance data according to the control program stored in the ROM. .

[0017]

[Table 1]

The performance information stored in the RAM is read in order and the events in one quantization interval (t ₀ -t ₄ ) are processed as follows. If a key-on has occurred, the key number is written into the key-on buffer, and the numerical value n shown in the second column of Table 1 is stored in the corresponding pitch memory of the key map.
Δt time (t ₀ −t ₁ , t ₁ −
t ₂ ...).

If a key-off has occurred, the numerical value n is read from the corresponding key map, the addition shown in the third column of Table 1 is performed according to the Δt time at which the key-off occurred, and the result of the addition is obtained. Write the key numbers to the numerical key-off buffers 0-6. When the above process is completed for one quantization time, new quantized performance information is created in a new RAM area. In this procedure, it is assumed that the pitch information stored in the key-off buffer ₀ is generated at time t0. Similarly, the data stored in the key-off buffer 1 is at time t ₁ , the data stored in the key-off buffer 3 is at time t ₂ , the data stored in the key-off buffer 3 is at time t ₃ , and the data stored in the key-on buffer is at time t ₂ . Create as if it occurred. When this processing is completed, the same processing is subsequently performed for the next quantization time.

The above key-on buffer and key-off buffer
Working buffer and key map provided in RAM3
These blocks are shown in FIG. 5 for the memories in the area.
For example, the case of the key information shown in FIG.
The key-on time is t₀ -T ₁ Because it occurs between the table
Write the value n = 3 on the first line of 1 in the corresponding key map
It The case where this key is C is shown in FIG. Key Omba
In the buffer, write that the key of C is turned on. this
Key-on when similar processing is completed within the quantization time
The key entered in the buffer is the time t₂ And what happened to
To create new performance information and clear the key-on buffer.
To rear. Next, the key-off will be described. M-th quantity
T of the child segment₃ -T_Four Key-off has occurred. Key
Reads the value n from the storage location of the corresponding key number in the map
When it comes out, n = 3. The time when the key-off occurs is t
₃ -T_Four Therefore, referring to Table 1, 3 + 3 = 6 is obtained.
It Key number C at 6 in the key-off buffer
Fill in. For key off buffers 0 to 3
The processing is described above, but the processing for the key-off buffers 4 to 6
Time t of the next quantization section m + 1₀ , T₁ , T₂ To
Assume that it has occurred.

It is to be noted that a plurality of performance parts can be separately input to the automatic performance device and read out at the same time at the time of reproduction so that the ensemble performance can be performed. If it is not to be quantized, and if quantization is to be performed, it is possible to select how to set the quantization interval, and how many times the quantization interval is divided to set Δt.

During playback, a plurality of parts are played at the same time, but it is unclear which part is stored in which storage area (called a track). Therefore, an indicator is provided for each track and the performance data is set. When occurs, the indicator corresponding to the track to which the performance data belongs is turned on.

[0023]

As described above, according to the present invention, since the quantization mode is switched for each performance part, various automatic performances can be performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an automatic performance device.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a performance information storage device method.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating quantization.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a working memory.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Serial-parallel converter 2 Microprocessor (CPU) 3 RAM 4 ROM 5 Display device 6 Operation panel 7 Floppy disk

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. Performance information including note-on information and note-off information for each of a plurality of performance parts,
Time information indicating the generation time of the performance information is added and stored, and the stored performance information is read in accordance with the generation time indicated by the time information added to the performance information, and an automatic performance is performed by the plurality of performance parts. In the automatic performance device, quantization for changing the occurrence time of the note-on information to a quantization time closest to the occurrence time before change among a plurality of quantization times arranged at predetermined time intervals An automatic performance device comprising: means and a quantization specifying means for specifying a mode of quantization by the quantization means for each of the plurality of performance parts. 2. The quantizing means sets the occurrence time of the note-on information to the nearest occurrence time before the change, out of a plurality of first quantization times arranged at a predetermined first time interval. While changing to the first quantization time, the occurrence times of the note-off information corresponding to the note-on information whose occurrence time is changed are arranged at a predetermined second time interval which is the same as or different from the first time interval. Among the plurality of second quantization times, both the time of occurrence of the note-off information and the time of occurrence of the note-on information corresponding to the note-off information are changed before and after the change is made. In the second quantization time at which the amount of change in the difference time between the occurrence time of the note-off information and the occurrence time of the note-on information corresponding to the note-off information is minimized. It is 2. The automatic performance device according to claim 1, wherein: 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the quantization designating means designates, for each of the plurality of performance parts, whether or not the quantization by the quantizing means is performed. Automatic playing device.