JP7545194B2 - 摩擦低減用であるコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤、その使用方法、および装用中のコンタクトレンズの摩擦低減方法 - Google Patents
摩擦低減用であるコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤、その使用方法、および装用中のコンタクトレンズの摩擦低減方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7545194B2 JP7545194B2 JP2018102650A JP2018102650A JP7545194B2 JP 7545194 B2 JP7545194 B2 JP 7545194B2 JP 2018102650 A JP2018102650 A JP 2018102650A JP 2018102650 A JP2018102650 A JP 2018102650A JP 7545194 B2 JP7545194 B2 JP 7545194B2
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- contact lenses
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Description
[1] (A)K値が70以上であるポリビニルピロリドンと、(B)緩衝剤とを含有する摩擦低減用であるコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤。
[2] 上記(A)成分がポリビニルピロリドンK90である、[1]記載のコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤。
[3] 上記(A)成分の含有量が、点眼剤の全量を基準として、0.001~5w/v%である、[1]または[2]に記載のコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤。
[4] 上記(B)成分が、ホウ酸、リン酸、クエン酸およびそれらの塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤。
[5] 上記(B)成分の含有量が、点眼剤の全量を基準として、0.001~10w/v%である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤。
[6] さらに(C)塩類を含有する、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤。
[7] 上記(C)成分の含有量が、点眼剤の全量を基準として、0.001~5w/v%である、[6]記載のコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤。
[8] [1]~[7]のいずれかに記載のコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤を用いた使用方法であって、1回の点眼投与量が10~200μLであるコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤の使用方法。
[9] コンタクトレンズ装用中に、(A)K値が70以上であるポリビニルピロリドンと、(B)緩衝剤とを含有するコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤を点眼することによる、摩擦を低減する方法。
本明細書において、特に記載のない限り、略記「POE」はポリオキシエチレンを意味する。
本明細書において、特に記載のない限り、略記「POP」はポリオキシプロピレンを意味する。
上記(A)K値が70以上であるポリビニルピロリドンとは、非イオン性の水溶性ポリマーであって、K値は、第十七改正日本薬局方「ポビドン」に記載の方法に準じて算出される。
(B)緩衝剤としては、医薬上、薬理学的に(製薬上)または生理学的に許容されるものであれば、特に制限されない。
ホウ酸系緩衝剤としては、ホウ酸またはその塩(ホウ酸アルカリ金属塩、ホウ酸アルカリ土類金属塩等)があげられる。リン酸系緩衝剤としては、リン酸またはその塩(リン酸アルカリ金属塩、リン酸アルカリ土類金属塩等)があげられる。炭酸系緩衝剤としては、炭酸またはその塩(炭酸アルカリ金属塩、炭酸アルカリ土類金属塩等)があげられる。クエン酸系緩衝剤としては、クエン酸またはその塩(クエン酸アルカリ金属塩、クエン酸アルカリ土類金属塩等)があげられる。酢酸系緩衝剤としては、酢酸またはその塩(酢酸アルカリ金属塩、酢酸アルカリ土類金属塩等)があげられる。
また、ホウ酸系緩衝剤、リン酸系緩衝剤、炭酸系緩衝剤、クエン酸系緩衝剤または酢酸系緩衝剤として、ホウ酸塩、リン酸塩、炭酸塩、クエン酸塩、酢酸塩、またはL-グルタミン酸ナトリウムの水和物を用いてもよい。より具体的な例として、ホウ酸系緩衝剤として、ホウ酸またはその塩(ホウ酸ナトリウム、テトラホウ酸カリウム、メタホウ酸カリウム、ホウ酸アンモニウム、ホウ砂等);リン酸系緩衝剤として、リン酸またはその塩(リン酸水素二ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸二水素カリウム、リン酸三ナトリウム、リン酸三カリウム、リン酸一水素カルシウム、リン酸二水素カルシウム等);炭酸系緩衝剤として、炭酸またはその塩(炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸マグネシウム等);クエン酸系緩衝剤として、クエン酸またはその塩(クエン酸ナトリウム、クエン酸カリウム、クエン酸カルシウム、クエン酸二水素ナトリウム、クエン酸二ナトリウム等);酢酸系緩衝剤として、酢酸またはその塩(酢酸アンモニウム、酢酸カリウム、酢酸カルシウム、酢酸ナトリウム等)等が例示できる。これらの緩衝剤のなかでも、ホウ酸系緩衝剤(例えば、ホウ酸とホウ砂の組合せ等)、リン酸系緩衝剤(例えば、リン酸水素二ナトリウムとリン酸二水素ナトリウムの組合せ等)、クエン酸系緩衝剤、イプシロン-アミノカプロン酸、L-グルタミン酸ナトリウムが好ましく、ホウ酸系緩衝剤、リン酸系緩衝剤、クエン酸系緩衝剤がより好ましく、ホウ酸系緩衝剤(ホウ酸およびその塩の少なくとも1種)がさらに好ましい。
また、本実施形態に係る点眼剤には、本発明による効果をより顕著に奏する観点から、さらに、(C)塩類を含有させることが好ましい。
これら(C)塩類は単独でもしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。
本実施形態に係る点眼剤は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、(A)成分、(B)成分以外に、さらに(B)成分以外のアミノ酸類を含有することができる。アミノ酸類とは、分子内にアミノ基とカルボキシ基もしくはスルホ基とを有する化合物またはその誘導体を意味する。具体的には、アミノ酸およびムコ多糖、並びにそれらの塩が例示される。アミノ酸類のうち、アミノ酸およびその塩としては、例えば、グリシン、アラニン、γ-アミノ酪酸、γ-アミノ吉草酸等のモノアミノモノカルボン酸;アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸等のモノアミノジカルボン酸およびそれらの塩;アルギニン、リジン等のジアミノモノカルボン酸およびそれらの塩;アミノエチルスルホン酸(タウリン)等の誘導体およびそれらの塩があげられる。アミノ酸およびその塩としては、L体、D体、DL体のいずれであってもよく、L-アスパラギン酸カリウム、L-アスパラギン酸マグネシウムおよびL-アスパラギン酸マグネシウム・カリウム等量混合物等が例示される。また、アミノ酸類のうち、ムコ多糖およびその誘導体、並びにそれらの塩としては、例えば、酸性ムコ多糖として、コンドロイチン硫酸、ヒアルロン酸、アルギン酸等の誘導体およびそれらの塩があげられる。アミノ酸の塩またはムコ多糖の塩は、医薬上、薬理学的にまたは生理学的に許容される塩を含む。そのような塩としては、有機酸との塩[例えば、モノカルボン酸塩(酢酸塩、トリフルオロ酢酸塩、酪酸塩、パルミチン酸塩、ステアリン酸塩等)、多価カルボン酸塩(フマル酸塩、マレイン酸塩等)、オキシカルボン酸塩(乳酸塩、酒石酸塩、クエン酸塩、コハク酸塩、マロン酸塩等)、有機スルホン酸塩(メタンスルホン酸塩、トルエンスルホン酸塩等)等]、無機酸との塩(例えば、塩酸塩、硫酸塩、硝酸塩、臭化水素酸塩、リン酸塩等)、有機塩基との塩(例えば、メチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリエタノールアミン、モルホリン、ピペラジン、ピロリジン、トリピリジン、ピコリン等の有機アミンとの塩等)、無機塩基との塩[例えば、アンモニウム塩;アルカリ金属(ナトリウム、カリウム等)、アルカリ土類金属(カルシウム、マグネシウム等)、アルミニウム等の金属との塩等]等が例示でき、化合物によって適宜選択される。例えば、モノアミノジカルボン酸の場合は、無機塩基との塩が好ましく、特にアルカリ金属塩やアルカリ土類金属塩が好ましい。
これらアミノ酸類は単独でもしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。
これら増粘剤は単独でもしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。
これら非イオン界面活性剤は単独でもしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。
これら清涼化剤は単独でもしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。
これら多価アルコールは単独でもしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。
・抗アレルギー剤:例えば、クロモグリク酸ナトリウム、トラニラスト、ペミロラストカリウム、アシタザノラスト等。
・ステロイド剤:例えば、プロピオン酸フルチカゾン、フランカルボン酸フルチカゾン、フランカルボン酸モメタゾン、プロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、フルニソリド等。
・充血除去剤:例えば、塩酸テトラヒドロゾリン、硝酸テトラヒドロゾリン、塩酸ナファゾリン、硝酸ナファゾリン、エピネフリン、塩酸エピネフリン、塩酸エフェドリン、塩酸フェニレフリン、dl-塩酸メチルエフェドリン等。
・眼筋調節薬剤:例えば、アセチルコリンと類似した活性中心を有するコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤、具体的にはメチル硫酸ネオスチグミン、トロピカミド、ヘレニエン、硫酸アトロピン等。
・消炎剤:例えば、グリチルレチン酸、グリチルリチン酸ジカリウム、グリチルリチン酸モノアンモニウム、プラノプロフェン、サリチル酸メチル、サリチル酸グリコール、アラントイン、トラネキサム酸、塩化ベルベリン、硫酸ベルベリン、アズレンスルホン酸ナトリウム、リゾチーム、甘草等。
・収斂剤:例えば、亜鉛華、乳酸亜鉛、硫酸亜鉛等。
・ビタミン類:例えば、フラビンアデニンジヌクレオチドナトリウム、シアノコバラミン、塩酸ピリドキシン、パンテノール、パントテン酸カルシウム、パントテン酸ナトリウム、酢酸レチノール、パルミチン酸レチノール、酢酸トコフェロール等。
・局所麻酔剤:例えば、リドカイン等。
・その他:例えば、スルファメトキサゾール、スルファメトキサゾールナトリウム等。
・糖類:例えば、ブドウ糖、シクロデキストリン等。
・糖アルコール:例えば、キシリトール、ソルビトール、マンニトール等。これらはd体、l体またはdl体のいずれでもよい。
・安定化剤:例えば、トロメタモール、ナトリウムホルムアルデヒドスルホキシレート(ロンガリット)、トコフェロール、エデト酸およびその塩(エデト酸ナトリウム)、ピロ亜硫酸ナトリウム、モノエタノールアミン、モノステアリン酸アルミニウム、モノステアリン酸グリセリン、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン等。
・陰イオン界面活性剤:例えば、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、アルキル硫酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキル硫酸塩、α-スルホ脂肪酸エステル塩、α-オレフィンスルホン酸等。
・防腐剤、殺菌剤または抗菌剤:例えば、塩化亜鉛、塩酸アルキルジアミノエチルグリシン、安息香酸ナトリウム、エタノール、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、クロロブタノール、ソルビン酸、ソルビン酸カリウム、デヒドロ酢酸ナトリウム、パラオキシ安息香酸メチル、パラオキシ安息香酸エチル、パラオキシ安息香酸プロピル、パラオキシ安息香酸ブチル、硫酸オキシキノリン、フェネチルアルコール、ベンジルアルコール、ビグアニド化合物(具体的には、ポリヘキサニドまたはその塩酸塩等)、塩化ポリドロニウム、グローキル(ローディア社製商品名)等。
・pH調節剤:例えば、塩酸、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、硫酸、リン酸、ポリリン酸、プロピオン酸、シュウ酸、グルコン酸、フマル酸、乳酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、コハク酸、グルコノラクトン、酢酸アンモニウム等。
・油類:例えば、ゴマ油、ヒマシ油、ダイズ油、オリーブ油等の植物油、スクワラン等の動物油、流動パラフィン、ワセリン等の鉱物油等。
また、点眼回数としては、1日に3~6回(例えば、朝、昼、夕方および就寝前等)が好ましく、さらに5~6回であることがより好ましい。
同時に、本実施形態における点眼剤は、該点眼剤と接触する眼部組織(結膜[眼瞼縁の結膜:lid wiperを含む]間や、結膜と角膜の間等)において、瞬目時等に発生する摩擦抵抗が低減されて滑らかになるため、眼部における不快感がより顕著に軽減されるという効果を奏する。
後記の表における各成分量の単位は、全て「w/v%」である。また、表中における「適量」は、所定のpHを得る量を示す。
ソフトコンタクトレンズ〔製品名:ワンデーアキュビュー(エタフィルコンA(etafilcon A))、米国食品医薬品局(FDA)基準によるソフトコンタクトレンズ分類:グループIV、ジョンソン&ジョンソン社製〕1枚を、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(塩化ナトリウム:0.8w/v%、リン酸水素ナトリウム12水和物:0.6w/v%、リン酸二水素ナトリウム2水和物:0.053w/v%)ですすぎ、表面に付着した余分な液を拭き取った後、下記の表1に示す脂質-タンパク質汚れ液を12wellプレート(ポリスチレン製)に2mLずつ充填したものに、1枚ずつ浸漬させ、34℃振とう条件下、72分間保存した(脂質-タンパク汚れ液処理)。
その後、コンタクトレンズを取り出し、摩擦感テスター(Tribomaster TL201Ts、トリニティラボ社製)の接触子にソフトコンタクトレンズを接着させた。一方、生理食塩水に1時間浸漬した人工皮革を摩擦感テスターの移動テーブルに張り付け、人工皮革上に生理食塩水4mLを、接触子が移動しうる全面に充分に行き渡るように広げた。つぎに測定ユニットに20gの錘を装着した。ソフトコンタクトレンズを接着させた接触子を、測定ユニットに取り付け、1秒あたり100回、20秒間測定を行った。測定開始後5~20秒間の測定結果から得られた摩擦係数の平均値を算出し、その製剤の摩擦係数(μk)とした。
得られた摩擦係数の値について、下記式1を用いて、対応する比較例に対する摩擦低減率(%)を算出した。なお、対応する比較例とは、実施例1-1-1,1-1-2については比較例1-1、実施例1-2については比較例1-2、実施例1-3については比較例1-3、実施例1-4については比較例1-4、実施例1-5については比較例1-5である。
摩擦低減率(%)=(1-測定するサンプルの摩擦係数/対応する比較例の摩擦係数)×100
ソフトコンタクトレンズ〔製品名:ワンデーアキュビュー(エタフィルコンA(etafilcon A)、米国食品医薬品局(FDA)基準によるソフトコンタクトレンズ分類:グループIV、ジョンソン&ジョンソン社製)1枚を、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(塩化ナトリウム:0.8w/v%、リン酸水素ナトリウム12水和物:0.6w/v%、リン酸二水素ナトリウム2水和物:0.053w/v%)ですすぎ、表面に付着した余分な液を拭き取った後に、前記の表1に示す脂質-タンパク質汚れ液を12wellプレート(ポリスチレン製)に2mLずつ充填したものに、1枚ずつ浸漬させ、34℃振とう条件下、36分間保存した(脂質-タンパク汚れ液処理)。
その後、下記表3に記載の各処方液を、12wellプレート(ポリスチレン製)に2mLずつ充填したものを用意し、脂質-タンパク汚れ液処理を行った後のコンタクトレンズを浸漬させ、34℃振とう条件下、15分間保存した。
そして、上記コンタクトレンズの表面を生理食塩水で充分にすすいだ後、新たに、前記表1に示す脂質-タンパク質汚れ液を12wellプレート(ポリスチレン製)に2mLずつ充填したものに、1枚ずつ浸漬させ、34℃振とう条件下、36分間保存した(処方液浸漬後に再度脂質-タンパク汚れ液処理)。
その後、試験例1と同様の条件で、処理済のコンタクトレンズにおける摩擦係数を測定し、前記式1を用いて、摩擦低減率(%)を算出した。
ここで、対応する比較例は、実施例2-1については比較例2-1、実施例2-2については比較例2-2、実施例2-3については比較例2-3である。
下記の表4に示す処方例にしたがい、各点眼剤を調製し、内容積14.2mLのポリエチレンテレフタレート製点眼容器に13mL無菌充填した。充填後、点眼容器にポリエチレン製ノズルを装着した。ソフトコンタクトレンズ(製品名:ワンデーアキュビュー(エタフィルコンA(etafilcon A)、米国食品医薬品局(FDA)基準によるソフトコンタクトレンズ分類:グループIV、ジョンソン&ジョンソン社製)を装用した被験者10名において、コンタクトレンズ装用後8時間後に、各点眼剤を、左右の眼にそれぞれ1滴(40μL)ずつ点眼させた。そして、下記の方法にしたがって、点眼後の使用感を項目ごとにVAS(Visual analog scale:視覚的評価スケール)によって評価させ、点眼前後のスコアの変化量(点眼後-点眼前)を求めた。その結果を下記の表4に併せて示した。なお、試験は被験者の左右の目の状態に差がないことを確認した後に実施した。
〔使用感の評価〕
100mmの線が引いてある自覚症状調査シート上に、点眼直後において、
・瞬きが非常にしやすい場合を100mm、瞬きが非常にしにくい場合を0mm、
・異物感を非常に感じる場合を100mm、異物感が全くない場合を0mm、
・コンタクトレンズの装用感が非常に良い場合を100mm、非常に悪い場合を0mm、として、被験者が感じた項目の程度のところに印を付けた。この長さ(mm)をVAS値とした。
すなわち、瞬きのしやすさについては、VAS値の変化量がプラスになるほど、点眼による瞬きのしやすさが改善し、異物感に関してはVAS値がマイナスになるほど、点眼による異物感が低下、すなわち改善し、コンタクトレンズの装用感については、VAS値がプラスになるほど、点眼によるコンタクトレンズの装用感が改善するということになる。
また、ポリビニルピロリドンK90が0.05w/v%であること以外は実施例3-1と同様の処方例(実施例3-1')を用いて、同様に試験を行ったところ、比較例3-1と比較して実施例3-1'の方が瞬きをしやすいと感じられる傾向があることが確認できた。
下記の表5に示す処方例にしたがい、各点眼剤を調製したこと、点眼およびその前後における評価をコンタクトレンズ装用後1時間後にしたこと、試験項目を瞬きのしやすさとコンタクトレンズの装用感のみとしたこと以外は試験例3と同様の方法で、点眼によるそれらの項目に関する変化量を調べた。
下記表6~9に記載の処方で、常法によりコンタクトレンズ(CL)用点眼剤(製剤例1~34)を調製する。表中における各成分量の単位は、表中に記載があるもの以外は全て「w/v%」である。
Claims (6)
- (A)ポリビニルピロリドンK90と、(B)緩衝剤とを含有し、
上記(A)成分の含有量が、点眼剤の全量を基準として、0.05~1w/v%であり、点眼後15分間以上摩擦低減を持続させるために用いられるソフトコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤。 - 上記(B)成分が、ホウ酸、リン酸、クエン酸およびそれらの塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1に記載のソフトコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤。
- 上記(B)成分の含有量が、点眼剤の全量を基準として、0.001~10w/v%である、請求項1又は2に記載のソフトコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤。
- さらに(C)塩類を含有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のソフトコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤。
- 上記(C)成分の含有量が、点眼剤の全量を基準として、0.001~5w/v%である、請求項4記載のソフトコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤。
- 1回の点眼投与量が10~200μLであることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のソフトコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤。
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