JP7125647B1 - 摺動部材および軸受 - Google Patents
摺動部材および軸受 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7125647B1 JP7125647B1 JP2021214609A JP2021214609A JP7125647B1 JP 7125647 B1 JP7125647 B1 JP 7125647B1 JP 2021214609 A JP2021214609 A JP 2021214609A JP 2021214609 A JP2021214609 A JP 2021214609A JP 7125647 B1 JP7125647 B1 JP 7125647B1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000012791 sliding layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 148
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910017961 MgNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017708 MgZn2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910020830 Sn-Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/04—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
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- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/128—Porous bearings, e.g. bushes of sintered alloy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
金属基材と、
前記金属基材の一の面に形成される多孔質層と、
前記多孔質層を被覆する摺動層を備え、
前記摺動層は、樹脂組成物で形成され、
前記多孔質層は、
CuおよびSnを含むマトリックス相と、
前記マトリックス相中に分散している硬質粒子であって、Co、MoおよびSiの組成で構成されるラーベス相を含む硬質粒子と、を有する。
前記多孔質層は、
前記マトリックス相中に分散している化合物相であって、Co、Fe、Ni、SiおよびCrを含む化合物相をさらに有する。
前記多孔質層全体を100質量%とした時に前記硬質粒子の含有率は40質量%以下である。
前記摺動層中には、Co、MoおよびSiの組成で構成されるラーベス相を含む硬質粒子粉末と、MoS2を含む粉末と、ラーベス相を含まない青銅粉末の少なくとも1つ以上が分散されている。
金属基材と、
前記金属基材の一の面に形成される多孔質層と、
前記多孔質層を被覆する摺動層を備え、
前記摺動層は、樹脂組成物で形成され、
前記摺動層中には、Co、MoおよびSiの組成で構成されるラーベス相を含む硬質粒子粉末が分散されている。
前記多孔質層の厚みと前記摺動層の厚みの比率は、6:4~8:2である。
前記多孔質層と前記摺動層とを合わせた全体を100質量%とした時に前記硬質粒子の含有率と前記硬質粒子粉末の含有率との合計は1~20質量%である。
第1~7のいずれかの態様に係る摺動部材から構成される軸受であって、
円筒状の内周面を有し、前記内周面が前記摺動層で構成されている。
図1は、一実施の形態に係る摺動部材1の概略構成を示す縦断面図であり、図2Aは、摺動部材1の断面組織の反射電子組成像である。図1および図2Aに示すように、摺動部材1は、金属基材2と、金属基材2の一の面である表面に形成される多孔質層3と、多孔質層3を被覆する摺動層4と、を備えている。
次に、一実施の形態に係る軸受20の構成について説明する。図7は、一実施の形態に係る軸受20の概略構成を示す斜視図である。図7に示すように、軸受20は、たとえばすべり軸受であり、上述した構成を有する摺動部材1を、摺動層4を内側として環状に構成される。軸受20は、円筒状の内周面を形成する摺動層4にて被摺動物である軸21を支持する。
次に、図8を参照し、本実施の形態に係る摺動部材1および軸受20の製造方法について説明する。図8は、摺動部材1の製造工程を示す図である。
次に、本実施の形態に係る具体的な実施例について説明する。
本件発明者らは、まず、第1粉末、硬質粒子粉末および第2粉末のサンプルをそれぞれ、ガスアトマイズ法による噴霧により、下表1に示す化学成分の質量比にて作製した。すなわち、第1粉末のサンプルは、Snが10.75質量%、Pが0.1質量%未満、Cuが残部となる組成で構成されている。また、硬質粒子粉末のサンプルは、Snが4.5質量%、Siが5質量%、Feが15質量%、Coが16質量%、Crが4質量%、Moが26質量%、Cuが残部となる組成で構成されている。また、第2粉末のサンプルは、Snが7.8質量%、Niが12質量%、Siが2.5質量%、Feが3.6質量%、Coが2.6質量%、Crが1質量%、Cuが残部となる組成で構成されている。
また、裏金母材(炭素鋼)上に、粒度180μm以下、Cu:残部、Sn:10~11.5%、P:0.1%以下の青銅粉末を散布し、焼結温度870℃、焼結時間60分で焼結して(硬質粒子を含まない)多孔質層を形成したのち、以下の組成の樹脂組成物を多孔質層に含浸させ、当該樹脂組成物を焼成することで、多孔質層を被覆する摺動層を形成し、その後、圧延を施工することで、樹脂複合軸受である比較例2の試験片を作製した。
比較例2の樹脂組成物の配合(体積比率%)は次のとおりである。
PTFE樹脂:98%、黒鉛2%
なお、実施例1~8および比較例1、2の試験片の寸法は、いずれも、40mm角×板厚1mm(ライニング厚み0.3mm、裏金厚み0.7mm)である。ここで、ライニング厚みとは、裏金表面から摺動層(実施例1~8および比較例2の場合は樹脂層、比較例1の場合はLBC3)表面までの厚み方向の長さをいう。
次に、実施例1~9および比較例1、2の試験片について、耐焼付性および耐摩耗性を比較するために、以下に説明する評価試験を行った。
軸受の負荷容量の限界を表す指標として、限界PV値が適用範囲の判定に利用される。軸受の限界PV値を求める方法として、本件発明者らは、μPVとT(潤滑油温度)の間には直線関係が得られることに着目した。潤滑油の劣化開始温度(80℃)に対するμPV値を求め、さらにそのとき得られた摩擦係数μ値からPV値を解析した。また、限界PV曲線の作図に際し、周速は0.2m/s、1m/s、3m/sの3水準で実施した。負荷は0.6MPa/30sのステップ荷重とし、摩擦係数が0.5または試験片背面温度が200℃に達した時点の荷重を、摩擦断面積254mm2で除した値を焼付面圧と定義した。相手材は硬くて靭性のあるS45C浸炭浸窒、表面粗度はRa0.17μmに研磨仕上げを施工した。
(2)耐摩耗性評価
摩耗試験は面圧と周速一定の稼働条件のもと、面圧1MPa、5MP、10MPa、周速0.2m/s、3m/s(試験片がほぼサチュレートする条件と短時間で発熱する条件)の合計6水準の組み合わせで行った。連続稼働時間は1hrを基本としたが、試験片背面温度が200℃に達した時点でリミッター作動により試験機が停止するように設定した。相手材は上述の耐焼付性評価で説明したS45Cに浸炭浸窒処理を施した円筒リングを使用し、摺接面の表面粗度はRa0.17μm狙いに研磨仕上げした。
図10は、実施例1および比較例1の試験片について、周速に対する熱抵抗の測定値を示しており、図11は、限界PV曲線を示している。熱抵抗は、接触面に発生する摩擦発熱量Qと潤滑油温度から得られる線形近似直線の勾配から、各周速別に求めた。摩擦発熱量Qは、荷重、速度、摩擦係数から下式(1)を用いて解析した。
Q=μwV ・・・(1)
ここで、Qは接触面に発生する発熱量(N・m/s=J/s=W)、wは荷重(N)、Vは速度(m/s)、μは接触面の摩擦係数である。
2 金属基材
3 多孔質層
4 摺動層
4a 硬質粒子粉末
4b 二硫化モリブデン粉末
20 軸受
21 軸
Claims (8)
- 金属基材と、
前記金属基材の一の面に形成される多孔質層と、
前記多孔質層を被覆する摺動層を備え、
前記摺動層は、樹脂組成物で形成され、
前記多孔質層は、
CuおよびSnを含むマトリックス相と、
前記マトリックス相中に分散している硬質粒子であって、Co、MoおよびSiの組成で構成されるラーベス相を含む硬質粒子と、を有する
ことを特徴とする摺動部材。 - 前記多孔質層は、
前記マトリックス相中に分散している化合物相であって、Co、Fe、Ni、SiおよびCrを含む化合物相をさらに有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の摺動部材。 - 前記多孔質層全体を100質量%とした時に前記硬質粒子の含有率は40質量%以下である
ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の摺動部材。 - 前記摺動層中には、Co、MoおよびSiの組成で構成されるラーベス相を含む硬質粒子粉末と、MoS2粉末と、ラーベス相を含まない青銅粉末の少なくとも1つ以上が分散されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の摺動部材。 - 金属基材と、
前記金属基材の一の面に形成される多孔質層と、
前記多孔質層を被覆する摺動層を備え、
前記摺動層は、樹脂組成物で形成され、
前記摺動層中には、Co、MoおよびSiの組成で構成されるラーベス相を含む硬質粒子粉末が分散されている
ことを特徴とする摺動部材。 - 前記多孔質層の厚みと前記摺動層の厚みの比率は、6:4~8:2である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の摺動部材。 - 前記多孔質層と前記摺動層とを合わせた全体を100質量%とした時に前記硬質粒子の含有率と前記硬質粒子粉末の含有率との合計は1~20質量%である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の摺動部材。 - 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の摺動部材から構成される軸受であって、
円筒状の内周面を有し、前記内周面が前記摺動層で構成されている
ことを特徴とする軸受。
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