JP7161731B2 - 疾患及び障害の処置及び予防のための短鎖脂肪酸の使用 - Google Patents
疾患及び障害の処置及び予防のための短鎖脂肪酸の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2017年1月27日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/451,192号、2017年5月25日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/510,867号、2017年5月25日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/510,872号、2017年7月10日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/530,371号、2017年8月1日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/539,572号、及び2017年11月21日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/588,961号につき、35U.S.C.§119(e)に基づく優先権の利益を主張し、その内容は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
本発明の図及び説明は、明確性のために、本発明に見られる他の多くの要素を排除する一方、本発明の明確な理解に関連する要素を示すために簡略化されていることを理解すべきである。当業者であれば、他の要素及び/又は工程が本発明の実施に望ましい及び/又は必要であることを認識し得る。しかしながら、このような要素及び工程は当技術分野で周知であり、それらは本発明のより良い理解を促すものではないので、このような要素及び工程の議論は、本明細書では提供されない。本明細書の開示は、当業者に公知のこのような要素及び方法に対する全ての変形及び改変を対象とする。
、上強膜、慢性皮膚粘膜カンジダ症、ブルートン症候群、乳児の一過性低ガンマグロブリン血症、ウィスコット・アルドリッチ症候群、毛細血管拡張性運動失調、膠原病に関連する自己免疫疾患、リウマチ、神経疾患、虚血性再灌流障害、血圧反応の低下、血管機能不全、血管拡張症(antgiectasis)、組織損傷、心血管虚血、痛覚過敏、脳虚血、及び血管新生に伴う疾患、アレルギー性過敏障害、糸球体腎炎、再灌流障害、心筋又は他の組織の再灌流障害、急性炎症性成分を伴う皮膚病、急性化膿性髄膜炎又は他の中枢神経系炎症性障害、眼及び眼窩の炎症性疾患、顆粒球輸血関連症候群、サイトカイン誘発毒性、急性重症炎症、慢性難治性炎症、腎盂炎、肺硬変、糖尿病性網膜症、糖尿病性大動脈障害、動脈内過形成、消化性潰瘍、弁膜炎、及び子宮内膜症が挙げられる。自己免疫疾患の他の例は、本明細書の他の箇所に開示されている場合がある。
本発明は、短鎖脂肪酸(SCFA)が、IL-18、TLR3、IFN-γ、TNFα、TGF-β、MyD88、PI3K/Akt、JAK/STAT、Smad2/3、Smad4、IL-10、Notch、ヘッジホッグ、Wnt(ベータカテニン)、マトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼ9及び10、メタロプロテイナーゼの組織阻害剤、結節性及びNF-κBシグナル伝達を含むがこれらに限定されない、複数の細胞シグナル伝達タンパク質のモジュレーターとして機能するという発見に部分的に基づくものである。種々の実施形態では、SCFAにより調節されるシグナル伝達タンパク質自体が、炎症、免疫、増殖、分化、アポトーシス、腫瘍形成、DNAの転写、サイトカイン産生、細胞生存、血管形成、線維形成、ならびにストレス、サイトカイン、フリーラジカル、重金属、紫外線照射などの刺激に対する細胞応答を含むがこれらに限定されない、生物学的経路又はプロセスを調節する。
一実施形態では、本発明は、少なくとも1つの短鎖脂肪酸(SCFA)、SCFA前駆体、SCFA生合成前駆体、それらの誘導体、SCFA部分又はそれらの組み合わせを含む組成物を提供する。
本発明は、治療有効量の本発明の組成物を前記対象に投与することにより、それを必要とする対象における哺乳動物疾患を処置又は予防する方法を提供する。
本発明は、SCFAが皮膚障害の処置に有効であるという発見に部分的に基づくものである。一実施形態では、少なくとも1つのSCFAと少なくとも1つの他の皮膚障害処置との組み合わせは、皮膚障害の処置のための治療的アプローチとして有効であり得る。
一実施形態では、本発明は、眼疾患又は障害の処置のための治療剤としての使用のためのSCFAを含む組成物に関する。一実施形態では、眼疾患又は障害は炎症性である。一実施形態では、炎症性眼疾患又は障害はブドウ膜炎である。一実施形態では、組成物は1つ以上のSCFAを含む。一実施態様では、SCFAは、限定されないが、ギ酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸、イソ酪酸、酪酸、トリブチリン、N-アセチルブチレート(及び他の形態のブチレート)、イソ吉草酸、吉草酸、イソカプロン酸、カプロン酸、乳酸、コハク酸、ピルビン酸、オクタン酸及びドデカン酸のうち少なくとも1つを含む。一実施形態では、組成物は、本明細書に開示される化合物の1つ以上のマグネシウム塩及びカルシウム塩の1つ以上を含む。
本発明は、アレルギー、自己免疫疾患及び喘息の処置又は予防を企図している。本発明は、SCFAがアレルギー性、自己免疫及び/又は喘息の疾患又は障害の処置及び予防のための治療的アプローチとして有効であるという発見に部分的に基づくものである。
一実施形態では、本発明は、本明細書に開示されるように、SCFA又はSCFA部分を含む化合物を含む組成物を、任意選択により、少なくとも1つのさらなる薬剤又は療法と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することによる、血管炎疾患又は障害の処置、阻害、予防、又は軽減のための方法を提供する。本発明の方法を使用して処置され得る血管炎疾患及び障害としては、限定されないが、リンパ管炎、リウマチ性多発筋痛、高安動脈炎、側頭動脈炎、バージャー病、川崎病、結節性多発動脈炎、ベーチェット症候群、多発血管炎を伴う好酸球性肉芽腫症、皮膚血管炎、ヘノッホ・シェーンライン紫斑病、顕微鏡的多発肉芽腫症(polyannulomatosis)、皮膚小血管血管炎、多発血管炎を伴う肉芽腫症、ベーチェット病、及び巨細胞性動脈炎が挙げられる。一実施形態では、本発明は、本明細書に開示されるように、SCFA又はSCFA部分を含む化合物を含む組成物を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、血管炎に関連する疾患の処置、阻害、予防、又は軽減のための方法を提供する。
一実施形態では、本発明は、本明細書に開示されるように、SCFA又はSCFA部分を含む化合物を含む組成物を、任意選択により、少なくとも1つのさらなる薬剤又は療法と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することによる、リンパ腫疾患又は障害の処置、阻害、予防、又は軽減のための方法を提供する。本発明の方法を使用して処置され得るリンパ腫疾患及び障害としては、限定されないが、活性化B細胞様びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫(ABC DLBCL)、濾胞性リンパ腫(FL)、粘膜関連リンパ組織リンパ腫(MALT)、ホジキンリンパ腫(HL)、及び原発性縦隔B細胞リンパ腫(PMBL)が挙げられる。一実施形態では、本発明は、本明細書に開示されるように、SCFA又はSCFA部分を含む化合物を含む組成物を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、リンパ腫に関連する疾患の処置、阻害、予防、もしくは軽減、又は腫瘍再発の予防のための方法を提供する。
一実施形態では、本発明は、本明細書に開示されるように、SCFA又はSCFA部分を含む化合物を含む組成物を、任意選択により、少なくとも1つのさらなる薬剤又は療法と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することによる、白血病疾患又は障害の処置、阻害、予防、又は軽減のための方法を提供する。本発明の方法を使用して処置され得る白血病疾患及び障害としては、限定されないが、骨髄増殖性腫瘍(MPN)、真性赤血球増加症(PV)、本態性血小板増加症(ET)、特発性/骨髄線維症(MF)、急性骨髄性白血病(AML)、小児急性リンパ芽球性白血病(ALL)、及び血液癌が挙げられる。一実施態様では、本発明は、SCFA又はSCFA部分を含む化合物を含む組成物を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、白血病に関連する疾患を治療、阻害、予防又は軽減するための、又は少なくとも1つのタイプの白血病の、再発の処置もしくは予防又は原発性腫瘍の発症の予防のための、又はMPNの白血病への進化を防ぐための方法を提供する。一実施形態では、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はSCFA部分を含む化合物は、白血病の処置又は予防のための少なくとも1つのさらなる薬剤又は療法の投与の前、中、又は後に投与される。特定の実施形態では、白血病の再発の予防又は原発性腫瘍の発症の予防のための戦略の一部として、治療段階後に投与される。様々な実施形態では、本発明の組成物は、白血病の別の処置の前、間、又は後に投与される。様々な実施形態では、白血病の別の処置は、1つ以上の化学療法剤、抗増殖剤、抗腫瘍剤、抗新生物剤、抗血管新生剤、及び/又は本明細書の他の箇所で開示される他の抗癌剤を含む。
一実施形態では、本発明は、SCFA又はSCFA部分を含む化合物を含む組成物と組み合わせて免疫治療剤を対象に投与することを含む、対象個体(個体)における免疫応答を刺激、誘発又は増強するための方法を提供する。一実施形態では、対象は、疾患を有するリスクがあるか、疾患を有すると診断されているか、以前に疾患の処置を受けたことがあるか、又は同時期に処置方法(例えば、本明細書に記載の本発明の組成物の使用を含まない処置方法)を用いて疾患の処置を受けているものであり得る。
本発明はまた、1つ以上のさらなる薬剤と組み合わせて、上記の疾患又は障害を処置又は予防する方法を対象とする。
一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上の免疫チェックポイント阻害剤と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。本明細書で使用される「チェックポイント阻害剤」には、癌免疫療法の分野で一般に理解されている免疫チェックポイントを遮断する阻害剤又は分子が含まれる。一般的に、チェックポイント阻害剤は、免疫チェックポイントタンパク質を遮断する抗体である。免疫チェックポイントタンパク質としては、限定されないが、PD1、PDL1、PDL2、CTLA-4、LAG3、TIM3、B7-H3、BTLA、VISTA、CD40、CEACAM1、CD80、CD86、OX40、CD27、GITR、DNAM-1、TIGIT、TMIGD2及びDC-SIGNが挙げられる。公知のチェックポイント阻害剤のいくつかの例としては、限定されないが、イピリムマブ、ペンブロリズマブ、ニボルマブ、ピジリズマブ、アテゾリズマブ、アベルマブ、ドルブバルマブ他が挙げられる。一実施形態では、上記の組成物は、チェックポイントタンパク質に対する抗体と組み合わせて、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はSCFA部分を含む分子を含み得る。
一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上の抗炎症剤と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。本発明の組成物と組み合わせて使用できる例示的な抗炎症剤としては、限定されないが、ジクロフェナク(例えば、Arthrotec(登録商標))、ジフルニサル(例えば、Dolobid(登録商標))、エトドラク(例えば、Lodine(登録商標))、フェノプロフェン(例えば、Nalfon(登録商標))、イブプロフェン(例えば、Advil(登録商標)、Motrin(登録商標)、他)、インドメタシン(例えば、Arthrexin(登録商標))、ケトプロフェン(例えば、Oruvail(登録商標))、ケトロラック(例えば、Toradol(登録商標))、ホスホマイシントロメタミン(例えば、Monural(登録商標))、メクロフェナメート(例えば、Meclomen(登録商標))、ナブメトン(例えば、Relafen(登録商標))、ナプロキセン(例えば、アナプロックス(登録商標)、他)、オキサプロジン(例えば、Daypro(登録商標))、ピロキシカム(例えば、Feldene(登録商標))、スリンダク(例えば、Clinoril(登録商標))、トルメチン(例えば、Tolectin(登録商標)、他)、フラベノイド(例えば、ルテオリン、フィセチン、及びアピゲニン)、ステロイド、抗ヒスタミン薬、ロラタジン、テオフィリン、ドキサントラゾール、ケルセチン、8-ブロモサイクリックAMP、クロモグリク酸二ナトリウム、ジプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、ブデソニド、ブデソニド/ホルモテロール、フルチカゾン、フルチカゾン吸入粉末、フルチカゾン/サルメテロール、モメタゾン、モメタゾン/ホルモテロール、クロモリン、オマリズマブ、吸入型短時間作用型又は長時間作用型β2-アゴニスト、ロイコトリエン修飾薬、及びテオフィリンなどの非ステロイド系抗炎症薬(NSAID)が挙げられる。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物、及び追加的に1つ以上の抗炎症剤を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上の抗炎症剤を含む組成物と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。
一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上のホスホジエステラーゼ4(PDE4)阻害剤と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。PDE4阻害剤の非限定的な選択は、米国特許出願公開第2002/0111495号明細書に提示され、これは参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物、及び追加的に1つ以上のPDE4阻害剤を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上のPDE4阻害剤を含む組成物と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。
一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上の疾患修飾性抗リウマチ薬(DMARD)と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含み、又は免疫抑制剤が本発明の組成物に含まれてもよい。DMARDは当技術分野で公知であり、メトトレキサート(Rheumatrex(登録商標))、スルファサラジン(Azulfidine(登録商標))、ミコフェノール酸モフェチル(CellCept(登録商標))、及びシクロスポリン(Sandimmune(登録商標)、又はNeroal(登録商標))が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物、及び追加的に1つ以上のDMARDを、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上のDMARDを含む組成物と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。
一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上の生物学的薬剤と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。本発明によって企図される例示的な生物学的薬剤としては、限定されないが、エタネルセプト(Enbrel(登録商標))、インフリキシマブ(Remicade(登録商標))、アプレミラスト(Otezla(登録商標))、及びアダリムマブ(Humira(登録商標))が挙げられる。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物、及び追加的に1つ以上の生物学的薬剤を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上の生物学的薬剤を含む組成物と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。
一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上のCox-2阻害剤と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。Cox-2阻害剤としては、限定されないが、セレコキシブ(Celebrex(登録商標))、バルデコキシブ(Bextra(登録商標))、及びメロキシカム(Mobic(登録商標))が挙げられる。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物、及び追加的に1つ以上のCox-2阻害剤を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上のCox-2阻害剤を含む組成物と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。
一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物、及び追加的にマグネシウム、ビタミンD3、及びビタミンE(d-α-酢酸トコフェロール)のうち1つ以上を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。マグネシウムは、血糖値の調節、解毒及びその他を含む多様な生化学反応を調節する300を超える酵素の補因子である。ビタミンD3欠乏は、免疫障害を有する患者によく見られる。ビタミンEは独特の抗酸化作用を有する。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物、及び追加的にマグネシウム、ビタミンD3、及びビタミンEのうち1つ以上を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、マグネシウム、ビタミンD3、及びビタミンEのうち1つ以上を含む組成物と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。
一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物、及び追加的に1つ以上のさらなる治療剤を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上のさらなる治療剤を含む組成物と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。本発明の方法による投与が企図されるさらなる治療剤としては、限定されないが、ロフェコキシブ、セレコキシブ、葉酸、スルファサラジン、ナプロキセン、レフルノミド、酢酸メチルプレドニゾロン、非経口金、経口金、インドメタシン、ヒドロキシクロロキン、ヒドロキシクロロキン硫酸塩、スリンダク、プレドニゾン、ベタメタゾンジプロップ増強剤、葉酸塩、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、ジクロフェナク、ジメチルスルホキシド、ピロキシカム、ジクロフェナクナトリウム、ケトプロフェン、メロキシカム、メチルプレドニゾロン、ナブメトン、トルメチンナトリウム、カルシポトリエン、シクロスポリン、ジクロフェナク、ナトリウム/ミソプロストール、フルオシノニド、グルコサミン硫酸塩、金チオリンゴ酸ナトリウム、重酒石酸ヒドロコドン/apap、リセドロン酸ナトリウム、スルファジアジン、チオグアニン、バルデコキシブ、KDR(ABT-123)の小分子阻害剤、Tie-2の小分子阻害剤、プロピオン酸クロベタゾール、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、プロピオン酸ハロベタゾール、タザロテン、フルオシノニド、ベタメタゾンジプロップ増強剤、フルオシノロン、アセトニド、アシトレチン、タールシャンプー、吉草酸ベタメタゾン、モメタゾンフロエート、ケトコナゾール、プラモキシン/フルオシノロン、吉草酸ヒドロコルチゾン、フルランドレノリド、尿素、ベタメタゾン、プロピオン酸クロベタゾール/皮膚軟化剤(emoll)、プロピオン酸フルチカゾン、アジスロマイシン、ヒドロコルチゾン、保湿製剤、葉酸、デソニド、コールタール、二酢酸ジフロラゾン、葉酸、乳酸、メトキサレン、酢酸メチルプレドニゾロン、プレドニゾン、日焼け止め剤、サリチル酸、ハルシノニド、アントラリン、ピバル酸クロコルトロン、石炭抽出物、コールタール/サリチル酸、コールタール/サリチル酸/硫黄、デソキシメタゾン、ジアゼパム、皮膚軟化剤、ピメクロリムス皮膚軟化剤、フルオシノニド/皮膚軟化剤、鉱油/ヒマシ油/乳酸ナトリウム(na lact)、鉱油/ピーナッツ油、石油/ミリスチン酸イソプロピル、ソラレン、サリチル酸、石鹸/トリブロムサラン、チメロサール/ホウ酸、セレコキシブ、アレファセプト、エファリズマブ、タクロリムス、ピメクロリムス、PUVA、UVB、スルファサラジン、アレムツズマブ、ドロナビノール、ユニメド、ダクリズマブ、ミトキサントロン、塩酸キサリプロデン、ファムプリジン、酢酸グラチラマー、ナタリズマブ、シンナビドール、a-イムノカインNNSO3、ABR-215062、AnergiX.MS、ケモカイン受容体アンタゴニスト、BBR-2778、カラグアリン、CPI-1189、LEM(リポソームカプセル化ミトキサントロン)、THC.CBD(カンナビノイドアゴニスト)MBP-8298、メソプラム(PDE4阻害剤)、MNA-715、抗IL-6受容体抗体、neurovax、ピルフェニドンアロトラップ1258(RDP-1258)、sTNF-R1、CDP571(ヒト化モノクローナル抗TNF-α IgG4抗体)、CDP870(ヒト化モノクローナル抗TNF-α抗体フラグメント)、抗TNFdAb(Peptech)、CNTO148(ゴリムマブ;Medarex and Centocor、国際公開第02/12502号パンフレット参照)、及びアダリムマブ(Humira(登録商標)Abbott Laboratories、ヒト抗TNF mAb、米国特許第6,090,382号明細書にD2E7として記載)が挙げられる。本発明で使用することができるさらなるTNF抗体は、それぞれ参照により本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許第6,593,458号明細書;同第6,498,237号明細書;同第6,451,983号明細書;及び同第6,448,380号明細書に記載されるもの、タランパネル、テリフルノミド、TGF-ベータ2、チプリモチド、VLA-4アンタゴニスト(例えば、TR-14035、VLA4 Ultrahaler、Antegran-ELAN/Biogen)、インターフェロンガンマアンタゴニスト、IL-4アゴニスト、ヒト化IL-6抗体トシリズマブ、ステロイド(例えば、デキサメタゾン、プレドニゾン、プレドニゾロン、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、フルオロメトロン、及びジフルプレドネート)、ラパマイシン、ランパリズマブ、フルオシノロンアセトタニド、macuCLEAR点眼剤、骨髄CD34幹細胞、その他の幹細胞、ラニビズマブ、ブリモニジン、LFG316、ORACEA(登録商標)、塩酸エミクススタット、シロリムス、コパキソン、その他の点眼剤、AL-78898A、及びエクリズマブである。
インターロイキンIL-17は、TNFα産生を刺激することが示されている。抗IL-17薬としては、限定されないが、ブロダルマブ、イキセキズマブ及びセクキヌマブが挙げられる。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物、及び追加的に1つ以上のIL-17の阻害剤を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上のIL-17の阻害剤を含む組成物と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。
炎症性疾患の病因に関与する重要なTh1型サイトカインは、抗アポトーシスタンパク質Bcl-xの発現を刺激することによりケラチノサイトのアポトーシスを阻害するIFN-γである。これは炎症性疾患の進行に寄与する。したがって、一実施形態では、本発明の方法は、本発明の組成物を1つ以上のIFN-γの阻害剤と組み合わせて投与することを含み得る。一実施形態では、IFN-γの阻害剤は、抗IFN-γ抗体、可溶性IFN-γ受容体、及びそれらの組み合わせのうち少なくとも1つであり得る。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物、及び追加的に1つ以上のIFN-γの阻害剤を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上のIFN-γの阻害剤を含む組成物と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。
血管内皮成長因子(VEGF)は、mRNA及びタンパク質レベルでのVEGFの発現の増加(表皮ケラチノサイトによる)、及びVEGF受容体(真皮上部の蛇行性微小血管による)を特徴とする炎症性疾患で観察される病理学的血管新生に関与している(Man et al.,2008,J Cell Mol Med.,12(2):649-60;Marina et al.,2015,Clujul Med,88(3):247-52)。したがって、一実施形態では、本発明の方法は、本発明の組成物を少なくとも1つのVEGF阻害剤と組み合わせて投与することを含み得る。一実施形態では、VEGF阻害剤は抗体、例えばモノクローナル抗体である。一実施形態では、VEGF阻害剤は、ベバシズマブ、スニチニブ、ソラフェニブ、パゾパニブ、ブリバニブアラニネート、セジラニブ、バンデタニブ、モテサニブ、リニフィニブ、アキシチニブ、及びアフリベルセプトのうち少なくとも1つである。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物、及び追加的に1つ以上のVEGF阻害剤を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。一実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はその生物学的に活性な誘導体もしくは前駆体を含む組成物を、1つ以上のVEGF阻害剤を含む組成物と組み合わせて、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。
酪酸は、最も強力なヒストン脱アセチル化酵素(HDAC)阻害剤の1つである。HDAC阻害は、ナイーブT細胞の、TCD4細胞のサブセットであるTreg細胞(Treg発現に重要な転写因子FoxP3を発現している)への分化を刺激し得る。Treg細胞は、自己反応性リンパ球の活性化及び増殖を抑制することにより自己寛容の維持に関与しており、そのため、自己免疫の予防に重要な役割を果たしている。したがって、本発明は、少なくとも部分的にHDAC阻害により、FoxP3に関連するTreg及び/又は細胞及び/又は経路を促進し得る多くの組成物を提供する。したがって、一実施形態では、本発明の組成物は、ナイーブT細胞のTreg細胞への分化を促進する少なくとも1つの化合物を含む。
アデノシン一リン酸キナーゼ(AMPK)は、転写因子FoxP3の発現を促進し、これはまた一方でTreg細胞の分化及び機能を刺激する。一実施形態では、本発明の方法は、本発明の組成物をローズヒップ(イヌバラ(Rosa canina)から)及びジャオグラン抽出物(アマチャヅル(Gynostemma pentaphyllum)から)又は他の天然AMPKアクティベーターを含むがこれらに限定されない1つ以上の天然AMPKアクティベーターと組み合わせて投与することを含み得る。天然産物由来の例示的なAMPK活性化因子は、Uddin et al.,2013,Natural Product Sciences,19(1):1-7に記載されており、これは参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
一実施形態では、本発明の方法は、本発明の組成物を1つ以上のIDO阻害剤と組み合わせて投与することを含み得る。1-メチル-DL-トリプトファン;p-(3-ベンゾフラニル)-DL-アラニン;p-[3-ベンゾ(b)チエニル]-DL-アラニン;及び6-ニトロ-L-トリプトファンを含むがこれらに限定されないIDO阻害剤は、トリプトファン及びトリプトファン代謝産物の局所細胞外濃度を変更することにより、T細胞媒介性免疫を調節するために使用されている(国際公開第99/29310号パンフレット)。IDO阻害活性を有する化合物は、国際公開第2004/094409号パンフレットにさらに報告されており、その内容の両方は、その全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
一実施形態では、本発明の方法は、本発明の組成物を、糖尿病又は糖尿病関連状態の処置のための1つ以上の薬剤と組み合わせて投与することを含み得る。他の薬剤(例えば、インスリン)及び食事(低糖)の使用は、本発明のSCFA又はSCFA部分を含む化合物と組み合わせて使用して、その治療効果を高めることができる。本発明のSCFA又はSCFA部分を含む化合物と組み合わせ得る抗糖尿病化合物としては、限定されないが、短時間作用型インスリン(例えば、レギュラーインスリン)、速効型インスリン(例えば、インスリンアスパルト、インスリングルリジン、及びインスリンリスプロ)、中間作用型インスリン(例えば、インスリンイソファン)、長時間作用型インスリン(例えば、インスリンデグルデク、インスリンデテミル、インスリングラルギン、及びインスリングラルギン)、組み合わせインスリン(例えば、70/30(インスリンアスパルトプロタミン-インスリンアスパルト)、75/25(インスリンリスプロプロタミン-インスリンリスプロ)、50/50(インスリンリスプロプロタミン-インスリンリスプロ)、70/30(ヒトインスリンNPH-ヒトインスリンレギュラー)、70/30(ヒトインスリンNPH-ヒトインスリンレギュラー)、及び(インスリンデグルデク-インスリンアスパルト))、及びアミリン模倣薬のプラムリンチドが挙げられる。
一実施形態では、本発明の方法は、本発明の組成物を1つ以上の化学療法剤と組み合わせて投与することを含み得る。化学療法剤としては、限定されないが、ara-C、ダウノマイシン、クラドリビン(ロイスタチン、2-CdA)、細胞毒性剤(例えば、5-フルオロウラシル、シスプラチン、カルボプラチン、メトトレキサート、ダウノルビシン、ドキソルビシン、ビンクリスチン、ビンブラスチン、オキソルビシン、カルムスチン(BCNU)、ロムスチン(CCNU)、シタラビンUSP、シクロホスファミド、エストラムスチン(estramucine)リン酸エステルナトリウム、アルトレタミン、ヒドロキシウレア、イホスファミド、プロカルバジン、マイトマイシン、ブスルファン、シクロホスファミド、ミトキサントロン、カルボプラチン、シスプラチン、インターフェロンアルファ-2a組み換え体、パクリタキセル、テニポシド及びストレプトゾシン)、細胞毒性アルキル化剤(例えば、ブスルファン、クロラムブシル、シクロホスファミド、メルファラン、又はエチルスルホン酸(ethylesulfonic acid))、アルキル化剤(例えば、アサリー、AZQ、BCNU、ブスルファン、ビスルファン、カルボキシフタラート白金(carboxyphthalatoplatinum)、CBDCA、CCNU、CHIP、クロラムブシル、クロロゾトシン、cis-白金、クロメソン、シアノモルホリノドキソルビシン、シクロジソン、シクロホスファミド、ジアンヒドロガラクチトール、フルオロドパン、ヘプスルファム、ヒカントン、イホスファミド(iphosphamide)、メルファラン、メチルCCNU、マイトマイシンC、ミトゾールアミド(mitozolamide)、ナイトロジェンマスタード、PCNU、ピペラジン、ピペラジンジオン、ピポブロマン、ポルフィロマイシン、スピロヒダントインマスタード、ストレプトゾトシン、テロキシロン、テトラプラチン、チオテパ、トリエチレンメラミン、ウラシルナイトロジェンマスタード及びYoshi-864)、抗有糸分裂剤(例えば、アロコルヒチン、ハリコンドリンM、コルヒチン、コルヒチン誘導体、ドラスタチン10、メイタンシン、リゾキシン、パクリタキセル誘導体、パクリタキセル、チオコルヒチン、トリチルシステイン、硫酸ビンブラスチン及び硫酸ビンクリスチン)、植物性アルカロイド(例えば、アクチノマイシンD、ブレオマイシン、L-アスパラギナーゼ、イダルビシン、硫酸ビンブラスチン、硫酸ビンクリスチン、ミトラマイシン、マイトマイシン、ダウノルビシン、VP-16-213、VM-26、ナベルビン及びタキソテール)、生物学的製剤(例えば、アルファインターフェロン、BCG、G-CSF、GM-CSF及びインターロイキン-2)、トポイソメラーゼI阻害剤(例えば、カンプトセシン、カンプトセシン誘導体及びモルホリノドキソルビシン)、トポイソメラーゼII阻害剤(例えば、ミトキサントロン(mitoxantron)、アモナフィド、m-AMSA、アントラピラゾール誘導体、ピラゾロアクリジン、ビサントレンHCL、ダウノルビシン、デオキシドキソルビシン、メノガリル、N,N-ジベンジルダウノマイシン、オキサントラゾール(oxanthrazole)、ルビダゾン(rubidazone)、VM-26及びVP-16)及び合成物質(例えば、ヒドロキシウレア、プロカルバジン、o,p’-DDD、ダカルバジン、CCNU、BCNU、cis-ジアミンジクロロ白金、ミトキサントロン、CBDCA、レバミゾール、ヘキサメチルメラミン、all-transレチノイン酸、グリアデル及びポルフィマーナトリウム)が挙げられる。いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の組成物は、癌の処置のための少なくとも1つの抗増殖剤の投与の前、間、又は後に投与される。抗増殖剤は、細胞の増殖を減少させる化合物である。抗増殖剤としては、限定されないが、アルキル化剤、代謝拮抗物質、酵素、生物学的応答調節剤、雑多な薬剤、ホルモン及びアンタゴニスト、アンドロゲン阻害剤(例えば、フルタミド及びロイプロリド酢酸塩)、抗エストロゲン剤(例えば、クエン酸タモキシフェン及びその類似体、トレミフェン、ドロロキシフェン及びロロキシフェン(roloxifene))が挙げられる。特定の抗増殖剤のさらなる例としては、限定されないが、レバミゾール、硝酸ガリウム、グラニセトロン、サルグラモスチムストロンチウム-89クロライド、フィルグラスチム、ピロカルピン、デクスラゾキサン及びオンダンセトロンが挙げられる。
ム阻害剤;プロテインAベースの免疫モジュレーター;タンパク質キナーゼC阻害剤;タンパク質キナーゼC阻害剤(微細藻);タンパク質チロシンホスファターゼ阻害剤;プリンヌクレオシドホスホリラーゼ阻害剤;プルプリン;ピラゾロアクリジン;ピリドキシル化ヘモグロビンポリオキシエチレンコンジュゲート;rafアンタゴニスト;ラルチトレキセド;ラモセトロン;rasファルネシルタンパク質トランスフェラーゼ阻害剤;ras阻害剤;ras-GAP阻害剤;脱メチル化レテリプチン;エチドロン酸レニウムRe186(rhenium Re 186 etidronate);リゾキシン;リボザイム;RIIレチンアミド;ログレチミド;ロヒツキン;ロムルチド;ロキニメクス;ルビギノンB1;ルボキシル;サフィンゴール;サイントピン;SarCNU;サルコフィトールA;サルグラモスチム;Sdi1模倣体;セムスチン;老化由来阻害剤1;センスオリゴヌクレオチド;シグナル伝達阻害剤;シグナル伝達モジュレーター;単鎖抗原結合タンパク質;シゾフィラン;ソブゾキサン;ボロカプト酸ナトリウム(sodium borocaptate);フェニル酢酸ナトリウム;ソルベロール(solverol);ソマトメジン結合タンパク質;ソネルミン;スパルホス酸;スピカマイシンD;スピロムスチン;スプレノペンチン;スポンジスタチン1;スクアラミン;幹細胞阻害剤;幹細胞分裂阻害剤;スチピアミド;ストロメリシン阻害剤;スルフィノシン;超活性血管作動性腸管ペプチドアンタゴニスト;スラジスタ(suradista);スラミン;スワインソニン;合成グリコサミノグリカン;タリムスチン;タモキシフェンメチオジド;タウロムスチン;タザロテン;テコガランナトリウム;テガフール;テルラピリリウム;テロメラーゼ阻害剤;テモポルフィン;テモゾロマイド;テニポシド;テトラクロロデカオキシド;テトラゾミン;タリブラスチン;チオコラリン;トロンボポエチン;トロンボポエチン模倣体;チマルファシン;チモポエチンレセプターアゴニスト;チモトリナン;甲状腺刺激ホルモン;エチルエチオプルプリンスズ;チラパザミン;二塩化チタノセン;トプセンチン;トレミフェン;全能性幹細胞因子;翻訳阻害剤;トレチノイン;トリアセチルウリジン;トリシリビン;トリメトレキサート;トリプトレリン;トロピセトロン;ツロステリド;チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;チルホスチン;UBC阻害剤;ウベニメクス;尿生殖洞由来成長阻害因子;ウロキナーゼレセプターアンタゴニスト;バプレオチド;バリオリンB;ベクター系、赤血球遺伝子療法;ベラレソール;ベラミン(veramine);ベルジン;ベルテポルフィン;ビノレルビン;ビンキサルチン(vinxaltine);ビタキシン;ボロゾール;ザノテロン;ゼニプラチン;ジラスコルブ及びジノスタチンスチマラマーが挙げられる。一実施形態では、抗癌薬は、5-フルオロウラシル、タキソール又はロイコボリンである。
本発明は、本明細書に記載の少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はSCFA部分を含む化合物を、抗ウイルス剤と組み合わせて含む組成物を企図する。抗ウイルス剤としては、限定されないが、ウイルス脱コーティングの阻害剤(例えば、アマンタジン及びリマンチジン)、逆転写酵素阻害剤(例えば、アシクロビル、ジドブジン、及びラミブジン)、インテグラーゼを標的とする薬剤;ウイルスDNAへの転写因子の付着を遮断する薬剤;翻訳に影響を与える薬剤(例えば、アンチセンス分子)(例えば、フォミビルセン);翻訳/リボザイム機能を調節する薬剤;プロテアーゼ阻害剤;ウイルスアセンブリモジュレーター(例えば、リファンピシン);例えばヌクレオシドアナログ逆転写酵素阻害剤(例えば、アジドチミジン(AZT)、ddl、ddC、3TC、d4T)などの抗レトロウイルス剤;非ヌクレオシド逆転写酵素阻害剤(例えば、エファビレンツ、ネビラピン);ヌクレオチドアナログ逆転写酵素阻害剤;及びウイルス粒子の放出を防止する薬剤(例えば、ザナミビル及びオセルタミビル)、アバカビル、アデフォビル、アマンタジン、アンプレナビル、アンプリゲン、アルビドール、アタザナビル、アトリプラ、ボセプレビレルテット(boceprevirertet)、シドフォビル、コンビビル、ダルナビル、デラビルジン、ジダノシン、ドコサノール、エドクスジン、エムトリシタビン、エンフビルチド、エンテカビル、ファムシクロビル、ホスアンプレナビル、ホスカルネット、ホスホネット、ガンシクロビル、イバシタビン、イムノビル、イドクスウリジン、イミキモド、インジナビル、イノシン、様々なインターフェロン(例えば、ペグインターフェロンアルファ-2a)、ロピナビル、ロビリド、マラビロク、モロキシジン、メチサゾン、ネルフィナビル、ネキサビル、ペンシクロビル、ペラミビル、プレコナリル、ポドフィロトキシン、ラルテグラビル、リバビリン、リトナビル、ピラミジン、サキナビル、スタブジン、テラプレビル、テノフォビル、チプラナビル、トリフルリジン、トリジビル、トロマンタジン、トルバダ、バラシクロビル、バルガンシクロビル、ビクリビロック、ビダラビン、ビラミジン、及びザルシタビンが挙げられる。
本発明は、本明細書に記載の少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はSCFA部分を含む化合物を、駆虫剤と組み合わせて含む組成物を企図する。そのような薬剤としては、限定されないが、チアベンダゾール、パモ酸ピランテル、メベンダゾール、プラジカンテル、ニクロサミド、ビチオノール、オキサムニキン、メトリフォネート、イベルメクチン、アルベンダゾール、エフロルニチン、メラルソプロール、ペンタミジン、ベンズニダゾール、ニフルチモックス、及びニトロイミダゾールが挙げられる。当業者は、寄生虫障害の処置に有用性を見出し得る他の薬剤を認識している。
本発明は、本明細書に記載の少なくとも1つのSCFA、又はSCFA部分を含む化合物を、細菌性障害の処置又は予防に有用な薬剤と組み合わせて含む組成物を企図する。抗菌剤は、作用機序に基づくもの、化学構造に基づくもの、及び活性スペクトルに基づくものを含む、様々な方法で分類することができる。抗菌剤の例には、細菌の細胞壁(例えば、セファロスポリン及びペニシリン)又は細胞膜(例えば、ポリミキシン)を標的とするもの、又は必須の細菌酵素(例えば、スルホンアミド、リファマイシン、及びキノリン)を妨害するものが含まれる。タンパク質合成を標的とする抗菌剤の大部分(例えば、テトラサイクリン及びマクロライド)は静菌性である一方、アミノグリコシドなどの薬剤は殺菌性である。抗菌剤を分類する別の手段は、標的特異性に基づくものであり、「狭域スペクトル」の薬剤は特定のタイプの細菌(例えば、連鎖球菌(Streptococcus)などのグラム陽性細菌)を標的とし、「広域スペクトル」の薬剤はより広い範囲の細菌に対して活性を有する。当業者は、特定の細菌感染症での使用に適したタイプの抗菌剤を認識している。
本発明の一態様は、本発明の組成物を使用して疾患又は障害を処置又は予防するための処置レジメンに関する。本発明の組成物の対象への投与は、対象の疾患又は障害を処置又は予防するのに有効な用量及び期間で、公知の手順を使用して実施され得る。治療効果を達成するために必要な治療化合物の有効量は、対象の疾患又は障害の状態、対象の年齢、性別、体重などの要因によって異なり得る。
本発明は、1つ以上の本発明の組成物を含む医薬組成物を含む。本明細書に記載される医薬組成物の製剤は、薬理学分野で公知の又は今後開発される任意の方法によって調製され得る。一般に、このような調製方法は、活性成分を担体又は1つ以上の他の補助成分と合わせ、次いで、必要な場合又は望ましい場合には、生成物を所望の単回投与単位又は複数回投与単位に成形又はパッケージする工程を含む。
本発明の組成物及び前記化合物を含有する医薬組成物は、局所投与され得、したがって、局所投与に適した形態で、すなわち、pHバランスのとれたクリーム調製物として、製剤化され得る。医薬品の局所投与の障害は、表皮の角質層である。角質層は、タンパク質、コレステロール、スフィンゴ脂質、遊離脂肪酸、及びその他の様々な脂質で構成される高耐性層であり、角質化細胞及び生細胞を含む。角質層を通る化合物の浸透速度(フラックス)を制限する要因の1つは、皮膚表面にロード又は適用され得る活性物質の量である。皮膚の単位面積あたりに適用される活性物質の量が多いほど、皮膚表面と皮膚の下層との間の濃度勾配が大きくなり、その結果、皮膚を通る活性物質の拡散力が大きくなる。したがって、より高い濃度の活性物質を含有する製剤は、他のものが全て等しければ、より低い濃度を有する製剤よりも、皮膚を通して活性物質が浸透する可能性がより高く、より多くの活性物質が浸透し、より一貫した速度で浸透する。
本発明の組成物及び前記化合物を含有する医薬組成物は、経口投与され得、したがって、経口投与に適した形態で、すなわち、固体又は液体調製物として、製剤化され得る。適切な固体経口製剤としては、錠剤、カプセル、丸薬、顆粒、ペレットなどが挙げられる。適切な液体経口製剤としては、溶液、懸濁液、分散液、エマルジョン、油などが挙げられる。カプセルの形態で製剤化される場合、本発明の組成物は、活性化合物及び不活性な担体又は希釈剤に加えて、硬質ゲル化カプセルを含む。一実施形態では、経口投与用の製剤は、腸溶コーティングされた徐放性カプセルである。
本発明の組成物及び前記化合物を含有する医薬組成物は、さらに鼻腔内、すなわち、吸入によって投与され得、したがって、鼻腔内投与に適した形態で、すなわち、エアロゾル又は液体調製物として、製剤化され得る。
本発明はまた、本発明の方法に有用な化合物と、例えば本明細書の他の箇所に記載される本発明の組成物の投与方法を記載する、説明資料とを含むキットを含む。一実施形態では、キットは本発明の組成物を含む。
乾癬は慢性の自己炎症性疾患で、皮膚に隆起した赤い鱗状の斑点が現れる。これは、典型的には、肘、膝、又は頭皮の外側に影響を及ぼすが、どの場所にも現れる可能性がある。一部の人は、乾癬が、かゆみ、灼熱感、及び刺痛を有することを報告している。乾癬は、糖尿病、心臓病、及びうつ病などの他の深刻な健康状態に関連している。
SCFA
酪酸ナトリウム、酪酸マグネシウム、及び酪酸カルシウムからなるSCFAは、商業的に購入され、BodyBioによって製造された。
全ての場合において、ブチレートレジメン中に乾癬処置のためのさらなる薬物は使用されなかった。
この例は、少なくとも1つの第2の化合物と組み合わせた少なくとも1つのSCFAの投与が、乾癬を含む皮膚疾患及び障害を処置するための効果的なアプローチである、という発見に部分的に基づくものである。理論に拘束されるものではないが、少なくとも1つのSCFAと少なくとも1つの第2の化合物との組み合わせは、皮膚障害の効果的な処置を提供することが予想される。使用が企図される追加の化合物には、PDE4阻害剤、抗炎症性化合物、疾患修飾性抗リウマチ薬(DMARD)、免疫抑制剤、生物学的薬剤、Cox-2阻害剤、アプレミラスト又はその組み合わせ、及び/又は別の薬剤が含まれる。本発明において有用なこれら及び他の化合物の非限定的な例は上記に提供されている。
アプレミラストとの組み合わせ処置:1日経口用量は、1~2gのブチレート、100mgのプロピオネート、10~15mgのアプレミラスト、10~20mgのマグネシウム、80~100IUのビタミンD3、50~100IUのビタミンE(d-アルファ-トコフェロールアセテート)である。
2/5部のクロベタゾール(0.05%)、
1/5部のカルシポトリエン(ビタミンD、0.005%)、
1/5部のサリチル酸(10%)、
1/5部のビタミンE(0.5%)
からなる軟膏の適用を伴って使用されるべきである。
ブドウ膜炎の発症は突発的であることが多く、様々なブドウ膜炎疾患の処置及び予後は非常に多岐にわたる。処置の遅れは、深刻な合併症(剥離、失明)を引き起こし得る。疾患の進行を止めるために最初に強力な薬を使用することが重要である。達成された治療効果(特に、炎症の軽減)を維持するために、SCFAを(経口及び/又は点眼剤の形態で)使用することができる。これにより、通常、生物製剤及びステロイドによる長期処置後に観察される負の副作用(緑内障、白内障を含む)が排除される(慢性又は自己免疫性ブドウ膜炎の場合)。SCFAは、抗生物質(点眼剤として)及び/又はステロイド(低減された用量で投与される)との混合物でも使用できる。
1日経口用量は、腸溶コーティングされた徐放性カプセル中の4~5gのブチレート及び1.5~2gのプロピオネートで、1日2回である。
実験は、感染性ブドウ膜炎を有する対象を処置するために設計された。いくつかの場合には、ブチレートが対象に投与される。ブチレート療法の完了後、対象は炎症の大幅な軽減を経験する。
加齢性黄斑変性(AMD)は、黄斑(網膜の中心部の小さな領域)への損傷を引き起こす。AMDの乾燥型では、脂質凝集体(ドルーゼン)が網膜に蓄積する。乾燥型AMD(地図上萎縮)の後期は、網膜色素上皮細胞及びその上にある光を感知する網膜視細胞の変性を特徴とする。「乾燥型AMDを処置する方法はない。」加齢性眼疾患試験(AREDS)は、高用量のビタミン(ビタミンE及びC)及びミネラル(酸化亜鉛)の毎日の摂取が疾患の進行を遅らせることができることを発見した。湿潤型AMDでは、脈絡膜の血管新生が発生する(新たに未熟な血管が下層の脈絡膜から外側の網膜に向かって成長する)。これらの血管は体液を漏出させ、黄斑の瘢痕化を引き起こす。血管新生に寄与する主要な要因は、血管内皮成長因子(VEGF)である。最も広く使用されている抗血管新生FDA承認療法(眼内注射)には、ペガプタニブ、ルセンティス、及びVEGF-TRAP-Eye(Ambati J,Fowler BJ.Mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration.Neuron,2012;75(1):26-39)が含まれ、これは大半の患者の視力を改善又は安定させる。ブチレートは、in vitro及びin vivoで血管新生を抑制し、低酸素誘導因子(HIF-1a)及びVEGFを含む血管新生促進因子の発現を低下させることが見出された(Canani B,Di Costanzo M,Leone L.The epigenetic effects of butyrate:potential therapeutic implications for clinical practice.Clinical Epigenetics,2012;4(1):4)。したがって、酪酸はAMD処置(点眼剤)に使用できる。
1日経口用量は、腸溶コーティングされた徐放性カプセル中の4~5gのブチレート及び1.5~2gのプロピオネートで、1日2回である。
帝王切開(Cセクション)で生まれた乳児は、1型糖尿病(Cardwell et al.,2008,Diabetologia,51(5):726-35)及び喘息(Thavagnanam et al.,2008,Clin Exp Allergy,38(4):629-33)のリスク増加を経験する。これらの乳児(満期又は未熟児)は、産道ではなく、母体の皮膚に特徴的である腸内微生物叢を得る。これにより、新生児はアレルギー性鼻炎、胃腸炎、炎症性腸疾患、喘息、若年性関節リウマチ、食物アレルギー、肥満、及び1型糖尿病などのアレルギー及び自己免疫疾患及び障害の発症の影響を受けやすくなる。1996~2005年の間に米国におけるCセクションの数は約50%増加し、30.2%に達し、これは、WHOが推奨する最適な限度である10~15%をはるかに上回っている。20%を超える比率を有するその他の国には、カナダ、イギリス、メキシコ、ブラジルが含まれ、増加する乳児の数がアレルギー性疾患及び自己免疫疾患のリスクにさらされることを示唆している。最初の子供がCセクションによって分娩された後の2番目の出産のCセクションの割合は、約90%である。現在、これら及びC-セクション分娩後に現れ得るその他のアレルギー性/自己免疫疾患につき標準的な処置法はない。一部のクリニックでは、出生後2分以内に母親の膣液でそれらの乳児を拭くことにより、母親の不足している微生物をCセクションで生まれた乳児に部分的に回復させようと試みる。しかしながら、この実務には賛否両論がある。このアプローチが乳児を不注意に母親の疾患に曝露し得るという証拠さえある。
母乳哺育の乳児の場合:健康な母親への1日経口用量は、最初の1ヶ月は、腸溶コーティングされた徐放性カプセル中の1~2gのブチレート及び0.5~1gのプロピオネート及びアセテートで、1日3回、次いで、続く3ヶ月にわたり、その用量の半分である。
血管炎は、血管、動脈、静脈、又は毛細血管の炎症を伴うまれな自己免疫疾患であり、あらゆる年齢の人々に影響を及ぼし得る。血管炎はまた、特定の血液癌(白血病及びリンパ腫)に関連している場合がある。異なる種類の血管炎は、影響を受ける血管のサイズ及び位置に従って分類される。一般的な血管炎の処置には、コルチコステロイド及び細胞毒性薬が含まれる。血管炎の病因のいくつかの分子機構は、本発明者らの特許出願において概説されている。GPR-109a経路も重要な役割を果たすことが示された(Chai JT,Digby JE,Choudhury RP.GPR109A and vascular inflammation.Curr.Atheroscler.Rep.2013;15(5):325)。GPR-109a受容体の活性化はNF-κBを下方制御し、多くの選択的GPR109AアゴニストがMerck、GSK、及び他の企業によって開発された。この受容体は、ブチレート(EC50約1.5mM)及びナイアシンによって活性化される。
1日経口用量は、最初の1ヶ月は、腸溶コーティングされた徐放性カプセル中の5~6gのブチレートで、1日3回、次いで、数ヶ月にわたり、3~4gのブチレートで、1日2回である。再燃の場合、高用量を使用すべきである。
本例は、長期寛解の達成及び選択されたリンパ腫の再発の防止の困難さを組み合わせた、SCFAの特性に基づいた着想であるため、選択された各リンパ腫の1-2前臨床モデルでこのアプローチを試験して、ヒト試験の原理証明を確立するのに有用であり得る。本発明自体は、単純に、診断時のSCFAの、単独又は標準治療療法と組み合わせた経口投与を含むものである。さらに、マウスモデルでは、リンパ腫の発症前の処置により、SCFAが腫瘍の発症を遅延又は遮断できるかが確証できる。ヒトにおけるこれらの癌は、疾患の臨床段階の前に存在し得る複数の遺伝子異常を伴うことが多いこと、及びこれらの腫瘍の一部が関連する遺伝的素因を有し得ることを考慮すると、SCFAが再発/ぶり返しの予防に(少なくとも)役立ち得ることを示唆している。
1日経口用量は、腸溶コーティングされた徐放性カプセル中の4~5gのブチレートで、連続的に1日3回である。
フィラデルフィア染色体陰性(Ph-)骨髄増殖性新生物(MPN)には、真性赤血球増加症(PV)、本態性血小板増加症(ET)、及び骨髄線維症(MF)が含まれ、これらは全て急性骨髄性白血病(AML)に発展し得る。MPNは、骨髄増殖性白血病(MPL)癌遺伝子及びシグナル伝達分子、JAK2(通常は突然変異による)の構成的活性化を特徴とする。STAT-1、-3、及び-5、MAPK、ERK、ならびにAKT/PI3Kは全て、PV、ET、及びMFのサイトカインに依存しない成長をサポートする。腫瘍抑制因子及びエピジェネティック修飾因子である10-11転座2(TET2)もこれらの細胞で頻繁に変異しており、JAK2の活性化及びTET2の不活性化がAMLのドライバーであることを示唆している。それらは分化を遮断し、自己再生を促進する。Ph-MPNは比較的まれであり、100,000あたり90~120症例である。様々なチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤(TKI)がJAK/STATの過剰活性化を遮断するために開発されたが、これは多くの患者において治癒的でなく、有意な毒性に関連している。
1日経口用量は、腸溶コーティングされた徐放性カプセル中の4~5gのブチレートで、連続的に1日3回である。
癌免疫療法の目標及びSCFAの既知の免疫調節機能を考慮すると、本例が前臨床モデルで機能する可能性は高い。SCFAは経口摂取でき、非毒性であり、腸上皮及び血液脳関門の両方を通過するのに問題はなく、これらは、他のアプローチでは利用できない組み合わせの利点である。SCFAによる免疫調節は可逆的であるため、本例は、CAR-T及び他の癌免疫療法的アプローチの有害効果のリスクを低下させながら、有効性のバランスをとる、健全な方法を提供する。
Claims (16)
- 状態の治療に使用するための医薬組成物であって、前記使用は当該医薬組成物をそれを必要とする対象に投与することを含み、
ここで、前記医薬組成物は、本質的に単位剤形において:
a)治療有効量の酪酸又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩;
b)治療有効量のプロピオン酸又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩;
c)治療有効量の無機マグネシウム塩;及び
d)治療有効量のビタミンD3からなり、
ここで前記状態は乾癬である医薬組成物。 - 前記酪酸又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩の治療有効量が、約100mg~約6gである、請求項1に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記酪酸又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩の治療有効量が、約800mgである、請求項1に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記プロピオン酸又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩の治療有効量が少なくとも約50mgである、請求項1に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記プロピオン酸又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩の治療有効量が約50mgである、請求項1に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記無機マグネシウム塩の治療有効量が約10mgである、請求項1に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記ビタミンD3の治療有効量が約50IUである、請求項1に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記投与が経口である、請求項1に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記投与が、少なくとも1週間、毎日である請求項1に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記投与が、少なくとも1週間、1日1~4回である、請求項1に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が、カプセル剤として製剤化される、請求項1に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記カプセル剤が腸溶性カプセルである、請求項11に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が徐放製剤である、請求項1に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記使用が治療剤を前記対象に投与することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記治療剤が免疫療法剤である、請求項14に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- 前記対象がヒトである、請求項1に記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
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JP2022179617A (ja) | 2022-12-02 |
CN110475551A (zh) | 2019-11-19 |
WO2018140687A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
KR102646764B1 (ko) | 2024-03-13 |
US20220142978A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
JP2020505471A (ja) | 2020-02-20 |
KR20190108144A (ko) | 2019-09-23 |
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