JP6034356B2 - 排ガス浄化触媒 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6034356B2 JP6034356B2 JP2014251980A JP2014251980A JP6034356B2 JP 6034356 B2 JP6034356 B2 JP 6034356B2 JP 2014251980 A JP2014251980 A JP 2014251980A JP 2014251980 A JP2014251980 A JP 2014251980A JP 6034356 B2 JP6034356 B2 JP 6034356B2
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- ceria
- composite oxide
- pyrochlore
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 106
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 49
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 25
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 101150082630 pdf-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YWECOPREQNXXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Pr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YWECOPREQNXXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
前記触媒コーティング層は、前記触媒の排ガス上流側の端部から前記基材の全長の40〜60%までの範囲を占める排ガス上流側の領域と、前記触媒コーティング層の残りの範囲である下流側の領域とで異なる組成を有し、
前記上流側の領域は、担体と、前記担体に担持された少なくともPtまたはPdを含む貴金属触媒と、パイロクロア型の規則配列構造を有するセリア−ジルコニア系複合酸化物とを含有し、
前記下流側の領域は、担体と、前記担体に担持された少なくともRhを含む貴金属触媒とを含有し、
前記セリア−ジルコニア系複合酸化物は、プラセオジム、ランタンおよびイットリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の追加元素を、全陽イオン合計量に対して0.5〜5.0モル%含有し、かつ(セリウム+前記追加元素):(ジルコニウム)のモル比が43:57〜48:52の範囲内である、前記排ガス浄化触媒。
(2)前記セリア−ジルコニア系複合酸化物が含有する追加元素がプラセオジムである、(1)に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
(3)前記上流側の領域が、セリア−ジルコニア系複合酸化物を基材容量に対して1〜20g/Lの量で含有する、(1)または(2)に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
本発明の排ガス浄化触媒の触媒コーティング層の上流側の領域に含まれるセリア−ジルコニア系複合酸化物は、パイロクロア型の規則配列構造を有し、プラセオジム、ランタンおよびイットリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の追加元素を、全陽イオン合計量に対して0.5〜5.0モル%、より好ましくは1.0〜3.0モル%含有し、かつ(セリウム+前記追加元素):(ジルコニウム)のモル比が43:57〜48:52の範囲内であることを特徴とする。
本発明の排ガス浄化触媒において、触媒コーティング層の上流側の領域は貴金属触媒としてPtまたはPdを含む。貴金属触媒は、Ptのみ、Pdのみ、またはPtとPdの混合物のみからなっていてもよい。PtおよびPdは主としてCOおよびHCの酸化浄化に寄与する。貴金属触媒は担体に担持された状態で含まれている。担体は、特に限定されず、一般に触媒担体として用いられる任意の金属酸化物、例えばアルミナ(Al2O3)、セリア(CeO2)、ジルコニア(ZrO2)、シリカ(SiO2)、チタニア(TiO2)またはそれらの組み合わせなどを用いることができる。触媒コーティング層の上流側の領域のPtまたはPdを含む貴金属触媒の担体としてはアルミナが好ましい。アルミナ担体はランタナ添加アルミナ担体であってもよい。
本発明の排ガス浄化触媒において、触媒コーティング層の下流側の領域は貴金属触媒としてRhを含み、さらにPtまたはPdを含んでいてもよい。貴金属触媒は、Rhのみ、RhとPtの混合物のみ、RhとPdの混合物のみ、あるいはRhとPtとPdの混合物のみからなっていてもよい。Rhは主としてNOxの還元浄化に寄与する。上流側の領域と同様に、貴金属触媒は担体に担持された状態で含まれている。担体は、例えばアルミナ(Al2O3)、ジルコニア(ZrO2)、シリカ(SiO2)、チタニア(TiO2)またはそれらの組み合わせなどを用いることができる。触媒コーティング層の下流側の領域のRhを含む貴金属触媒の担体としては、比熱が小さく暖まりやすいジルコニアが好ましい。また、担体とは別に耐熱性の高いアルミナを触媒コーティング層に混合することで、触媒コーティング層の耐久性を向上させることができる。
本発明の排ガス浄化触媒に用いる基材は、特に限定されず、一般的に用いられている多数のセルを有するハニカム形状の材料を使用することができ、その材質としては、コージェライト(2MgO・2Al2O3・5SiO2)、アルミナ、ジルコニア、炭化ケイ素などの耐熱性を有するセラミックス材料や、ステンレス鋼などの金属箔からなるメタル材料が挙げられる。基材への触媒コーティング層の形成は、公知の手法により、例えば、各材料を蒸留水およびバインダーに懸濁して調製したスラリーを基材に流し込み、ブロアーで不要分を吹き払うなどして行うことができる。
本発明の排ガス浄化触媒は、スタートアップ触媒(S/C)とアンダーフロア触媒(UF/C)を組み合わせた二触媒システムにおいて、UF/Cとして用いるのに特に適している。本発明の排ガス浄化触媒は、所定の追加元素を含むパイロクロア型セリア−ジルコニア系複合酸化物を触媒コーティング層の上流側の領域に含むことにより、低温でも十分な酸素貯蔵能を発揮し、触媒内のリッチ−リーン間の雰囲気変動を緩和し、下流側の領域に含有されるRhの劣化を抑制する。その結果、UF/Cとして設置した際でも、高い排ガス浄化性能を発揮することができる。
まず、CeO2換算で28質量%の硝酸セリウム水溶液442gと、ZrO2換算で18質量%のオキシ硝酸ジルコニウム水溶液590gと、Pr6O11換算で1.2gとなる量の硝酸プラセオジムを含む水溶液100gと、含有されるセリウムの1.1倍モル量の過酸化水素を含む水溶液197gとを、中和当量に対して1.2倍当量のアンモニアを含有する水溶液1217gに添加し、共沈物を生成し、得られた共沈物を遠心分離し、イオン交換水で洗浄した。得られた共沈物を110℃で10時間以上乾燥した後、400℃で5時間大気中にて焼成してセリウムとジルコニウムとプラセオジムとの固溶体(CeO2−ZrO2−Pr6O11固溶体)を得た。得られた固溶体を粉砕機(商品名:ワンダーブレンダー、アズワン社製)を用いて篩で粒径が75μm以下となるように粉砕して、セリア−ジルコニア−プラセオジミア固溶体粉末を得た。
(1)比較例1
(a)Fr−Pt層(Pt(0.2)/Al2O3(25)+ZC(30))
1質量%のLa2O3を含有するAl2O3担体と硝酸白金とを用い、含浸法によりAl2O3に担持されたPt材料(材料1)を調製した。次に、材料1、セリウム:ジルコニウムのモル比が46:54であるセリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物(ZC)およびAl2O3系バインダーを蒸留水に撹拌しながら加えて懸濁し、スラリー1を調製した。
ZrO2担体と硝酸ロジウムとを用い、含浸法によりZrO2に担持されたRh/ZrO2材料(材料2)を調製した。次に、材料2、Al2O3およびAl2O3系バインダーを蒸留水に撹拌しながら加えて懸濁し、スラリー2を調製した。
スラリー1の調製時に、さらにセリウム:ジルコニウム:プラセオジムのモル比が45:54:1であるPr添加パイロクロアZC(表1のA)を添加した以外は、比較例1と同様にして触媒を調製した。コーティングにおけるPr添加パイロクロアZCの含有量は、基材容量に対して、実施例1で5g/L、実施例2で10g/L、実施例3で15g/Lおよび実施例4で20g/Lとなるようにした。
(1)耐久試験
触媒をV型8気筒4.3Lガソリンエンジンの排気系に装着し、触媒床温950℃で、1分間にフィードバック、フューエルカット、リッチ、リーンを含む条件で50時間の耐久試験を施した。
(2)Rh粒子径評価
COパルス吸着法により、耐久試験後のRr−Rh層に含まれるRhの粒子径D90(粒度分布における累積質量が90%となる粒子径)を算出した。
(3)酸素吸放出能評価
耐久試験後の触媒をエンジンに取り付け、入りガス温度を400℃に設定し、入りガス雰囲気のA/Fをリッチ−リーン間で周期的に振幅させ、その際の触媒の排出側に取り付けたO2センサーの挙動遅れから酸素吸放出量を算出した。
(4)NOx浄化能評価
耐久試験後の触媒をエンジンに取り付け、入りガス温度を400℃に設定し、入りガス雰囲気のA/Fをリッチ−リーン間で周期的に振幅させた際のNOx排出量を測定した。
図2は、Pr添加パイロクロアZCのFr−Pt層への添加量とRhのD90粒子径の関係を示すグラフである。Pr添加パイロクロアZCの添加量の増加とともに、Rh粒子の粒子径増大が抑制されていることがわかる。
Claims (3)
- 基材と、該基材上に形成された触媒コーティング層を有する排ガス浄化触媒であって、
前記触媒コーティング層は、前記触媒の排ガス上流側の端部から前記基材の全長の40〜60%までの範囲を占める排ガス上流側の領域と、前記触媒コーティング層の残りの範囲である下流側の領域とで異なる組成を有し、
前記上流側の領域は、担体と、前記担体に担持された少なくともPtまたはPdを含む貴金属触媒と、パイロクロア型の規則配列構造を有するセリア−ジルコニア系複合酸化物とを含有し、
前記下流側の領域は、担体と、前記担体に担持された少なくともRhを含む貴金属触媒とを含有し、
前記セリア−ジルコニア系複合酸化物は、プラセオジム、ランタンおよびイットリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の追加元素を、全陽イオン合計量に対して0.5〜5.0モル%含有し、かつ(セリウム+前記追加元素):(ジルコニウム)のモル比が43:57〜48:52の範囲内である、前記排ガス浄化触媒。 - 前記セリア−ジルコニア系複合酸化物が含有する追加元素がプラセオジムである、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記上流側の領域が、セリア−ジルコニア系複合酸化物を基材容量に対して1〜20g/Lの量で含有する、請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
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US10058846B2 (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2018-08-28 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Catalyst for purifying exhaust gas |
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US11161098B2 (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2021-11-02 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Three-way catalyst |
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CN110785230A (zh) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-02-11 | 优美科触媒日本有限公司 | 废气净化用催化剂及使用其的废气净化方法 |
CN110785230B (zh) * | 2017-04-28 | 2022-09-23 | 优美科触媒日本有限公司 | 废气净化用催化剂及使用其的废气净化方法 |
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CN107107035A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
DE112015005571B4 (de) | 2023-08-03 |
BR112017011960A2 (pt) | 2017-12-26 |
ZA201704021B (en) | 2019-09-25 |
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