JP5555223B2 - HER2/neu特異的抗体およびその使用方法 - Google Patents
HER2/neu特異的抗体およびその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2008年4月2日に出願された米国特許出願第61/041,649号(係属中)に対する優先権を主張する。米国特許出願第61/041,649号は、その全体が本明細書中に参考として援用される。
本出願は、米国特許施行規則1.821条以下に従って、1つまたはそれより多くの配列表を含み、それらは、紙およびコンピュータ読み取り可能な媒体の両方で開示され、その紙およびコンピュータ読み取り可能な開示は、参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
発明の分野:
本発明は、公知の4D5抗体と比較してグリコシル化が減少し、エフェクター機能が変化している、HER2/neuに特異的に結合する新規4D5抗体、特に、HER2/neuに対する新規キメラ4D5抗体に関する。本発明は、癌、自己免疫疾患、炎症性障害および感染症などの疾患の診断、予後判定および治療での抗体およびそれらを含む組成物の使用方法にも関する。
HER2/neuおよびHER2/neu受容体
細胞の増殖および分化過程は、チロシンキナーゼなどの特異的受容体を通してそれらの作用を発揮する増殖因子を含む。チロシンキナーゼ受容体へのリガンドの結合は、最終的に細胞の増殖および分化をもたらす事象のカスケードを誘発する。(Carpenterら(1979年)Biochem. 48巻:193〜216頁(非特許文献1)、Sachsら(1987年)Cancer Res. 47巻:1981〜8196頁)。チロシンキナーゼ受容体は、配列類似性および異なる特徴に基づいていくつかの群に分類することができる。そのようなファミリーの1つはErbBまたは上皮増殖因子受容体ファミリーであり、それは、HER−1(erbB−1またはEGFRとしても公知)、HER−2またはHER2/neu(erbB−2、c−neuまたはp185としても公知)、HER−3(erbB−3としても公知)およびHER−4(erbB−4としても公知)として公知の複数の受容体を含む。(例えば、上記Carpenterら、Sembaら(1985年)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 82巻:6497〜6501頁、Coussensら(1985年)Science、230巻:1130〜1139頁、Bargmannら(1986年)Cell 45巻:649〜657頁、Krausら(1989年)PNAS 86巻:9193〜9197頁、Carrawayら(1994年)J. Biol. Chem. 269巻:14303〜14306頁およびPlowmanら(1993年)Nature 366巻:473〜475頁、Tzaharら(1994年)Biol. Chem. 269巻:25226〜25233頁を参照)。
免疫系の細胞との抗体抗原複合体の相互作用は、抗体依存性細胞傷害、肥満細胞脱顆粒および食作用などのエフェクター機能から、リンパ球増殖および抗体分泌の調節などの免疫調節シグナルまでに及ぶ広範囲の応答をもたらす。すべてのこれらの相互作用は、造血細胞上の専門化した細胞表面受容体であるFc受容体に対する、抗体または免疫複合体のFcドメインの結合を通して開始される。抗体および免疫複合体によって誘発される細胞応答の多様性は、Fc受容体の構造不均一性から生じる。Fc受容体は、おそらく細胞内シグナル伝達を媒介する、構造的に関連したリガンド結合ドメインを共有する。
本発明の実施形態は、様々なポリペプチド、例えば配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を有する免疫グロブリン軽鎖可変ドメインを含むポリペプチド、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有する免疫グロブリン軽鎖を含むポリペプチド、およびN65S置換を含むキメラ4D5免疫グロブリン軽鎖を含むポリペプチドを提供する。他の実施形態は、配列番号7のアミノ酸配列を有する免疫グロブリン重鎖を含むポリペプチド、配列番号9、配列番号11および配列番号13からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を有する免疫グロブリン重鎖を含むポリペプチド、ならびに様々な置換を含む4D5免疫グロブリン重鎖を含むポリペプチドを提供する。
(A)F243L、D270E、R292P、S298N、Y300L、V305I、A330VおよびP396Lからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの置換;
(B)F243LおよびP396L;F243LおよびR292P;ならびにR292PおよびV305Iからなる群から選択される少なくとも2つの置換;
(C)F243L、R292PおよびY300L;F243L、R292PおよびV305I;F243L、R292PおよびP396L;ならびにR292P、V305IおよびP396Lからなる群から選択される少なくとも3つの置換;または
(D)F243L、R292P、Y300LおよびP396L;ならびにF243L、R292P、V305IおよびP396Lからなる群から選択される少なくとも4つの置換
を含むような抗体の実施形態にさらに関し、
より詳細には、上記Fcドメイン中の改変が
(1)F243L、R292PおよびY300L;
(2)L235V、F243L、R292P、Y300LおよびP396L;または
(3)F243L、R292P、Y300L、V305IおよびP396L
を含む抗体に関する。
(A)強化された抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞傷害(ADCC);
(B)FcγRIIAまたはFcγRIIIAへの結合の増加;
(C)FcγRIIBへの結合の減少;または
(D)FcγRIIBへの結合の増加
を示すような抗体の実施形態にさらに関する。
(A)F243L、D270E、R292P、S298N、Y300L、V305I、A330VおよびP396Lからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの置換;
(B)
(1)F243LおよびP396L;
(2)F243LおよびR292P;ならびに
(3)R292PおよびV305I
からなる群から選択される少なくとも2つの置換;
(C)
(1)F243L、R292PおよびY300L;
(2)F243L、R292PおよびV305I;
(3)F243L、R292PおよびP396L;ならびに
(4)R292P、V305IおよびP396L
からなる群から選択される少なくとも3つの置換;
(D)
(1)F243L、R292P、Y300LおよびP396L;ならびに
(2)F243L、R292P、V305IおよびP396L
からなる群から選択される少なくとも4つの置換;
または
(E)少なくともF243L、R292P、Y300L、V305IおよびP396の置換
を含む4D5免疫グロブリン重鎖を含むポリペプチドにさらに関する。
(A)F243L、D270E、R292P、S298N、Y300L、V305I、A330VおよびP396Lからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの置換;
(B)
(1)F243LおよびP396L;
(2)F243LおよびR292P;ならびに
(3)R292PおよびV305I
からなる群から選択される少なくとも2つの置換;
(C)
(1)F243L、R292PおよびY300L;
(2)F243L、R292PおよびV305I;
(3)F243L、R292PおよびP396L;ならびに
(4)R292P、V305IおよびP396L
からなる群から選択される少なくとも3つの置換;
(D)
(1)F243L、R292P、Y300LおよびP396L;ならびに
(2)F243L、R292P、V305IおよびP396L
からなる群から選択される少なくとも4つの置換;
または
(E)少なくともF243L、R292P、Y300L、V305IおよびP396置換
を含む上述の抗体の実施形態にさらに関する。
本発明は、HER2/neuに対する抗体を用いる、特定の癌の処置、診断および予後判定のための新規抗体および方法を提供する。特に、本発明は、HER2/neu過剰発現細胞に対する選択的細胞傷害剤として特に有用である抗HER2/neu抗体、例えばHER2/neuに対するキメラ4D5抗体を提供し、それは、既知の4D5抗体と比較してグリコシル化を減少させ、エフェクター機能を変化させた。本発明は、癌、自己免疫疾患、炎症性障害および感染症などの疾患の診断、予後判定および治療で、抗体およびそれらを含む組成物を使用する方法も提供する。
本明細書で用いられる場合、用語「ADCC」は、FcγRを発現する非特異的細胞傷害性細胞(例えば、ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞およびマクロファージなどの単球細胞)が標的細胞上の結合した抗体を認識し、その後その標的細胞の溶解を引き起こすインビトロの細胞媒介性反応である、抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞傷害を指す。
本発明は、HER2/neu、好ましくはヒトHER2/neuに特異的に結合するキメラ抗体およびポリペプチドを特に包含する。軽鎖可変領域のグリコシル化部位の除去に起因して、マウスの4D5およびトラスツズマブなどの公知の4D5抗体と比較して、抗体は低減したグリコシル化を有する。特に、抗体は、天然マウスの4D5では65位、66位および67位のN−R−S配列を含む、軽鎖可変領域のグリコシル化部位を欠く。好ましくは、天然の4D5抗体と比較して、抗体はHER2/neuに対する強化された結合親和性を有し、より好ましくは、抗体は強化されたエフェクター機能を有する。
・ 配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有する軽鎖、および配列番号7のアミノ酸配列を有する重鎖を有するch4D5−野生型Fc。ch4D5−野生型Fcは、脱グリコシル化軽鎖をもたらすN65S置換を軽鎖に有する。
・ 配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有する軽鎖、およびN297Q置換を有する重鎖を有するch4D5−N297Q(Kabatにしたがって番号付けした)。
本発明のポリペプチドは、バリアントFcドメインを有することができる。Fcドメインの改変は、変化した表現型、例えば変化した血清半減期、変化した安定性、細胞酵素への変化した感受性または変化したエフェクター機能を通常もたらす。例えば癌の処置における抗体の有効性を高めるために、本発明の抗体を、エフェクター機能に関して改変することが望ましい可能性がある。エフェクター機能の低下または消去は、例えばその作用機構がブロッキングまたは拮抗作用を含むが、標的抗原を保有する細胞の殺傷を含まない抗体の場合など、特定の場合に望ましい。高められたエフェクター機能は、FcγRが低レベルで発現される、腫瘍および外来細胞などの望ましくない細胞、例えば低レベルのFcγRIIBを有する腫瘍特異B細胞(例えば、非ホジキンリンパ腫、CLLおよびバーキットリンパ腫)に関する場合に一般に望ましい。前記実施形態では、付与されたかまたは変化したエフェクター機能活性を有する本発明の分子は、エフェクター機能活性の高められた効力が望まれる疾患、障害または感染症の処置および/または予防のために有用である。
特定の実施形態では、バリアントFc領域において、235位、240位、241位、243位、244位、247位、262位、263位、269位、298位、328位または330位のいずれかにおける任意のアミノ酸改変(例えば、置換)、好ましくは以下の残基:A240、I240、L241、L243、H244、N298、I328またはV330のうちの1つまたはそれより多く。異なる特定の実施形態では、バリアントFc領域において、268位、269位、270位、272位、276位、278位、283位、285位、286位、289位、292位、293位、301位、303位、305位、307位、309位、331位、333位、334位、335位、337位、338位、340位、360位、373位、376位、416位、419位、430位、434位、435位、437位、438位または439位のいずれかにおける任意のアミノ酸改変(例えば、置換)、好ましくは以下の残基:H280、Q280、Y280、G290、S290、T290、Y290、N294、K295、P296、D298、N298、P298、V298、I300またはL300のうちの1つまたはそれより多く。
一般に、配列改変は、天然の配列と比較してアミノ酸配列に変化をもたらす、抗体またはポリペプチド中の1つまたはそれより多くの残基の置換、欠失または付加であることができる。所望の活性に悪影響を与えることなく、どのアミノ酸残基を挿入、置換または欠失することができるかの決定の指針は、抗体またはポリペプチドの配列を公知の相同タンパク質分子の配列と比較し、高相同性領域で作製されるアミノ酸配列変化の数を最小にすることによって見出すことができる。許容されるバリエーションは、配列にアミノ酸の挿入、欠失または置換を系統的に作製し、生じたバリアントを完全長または成熟した天然の配列によって示される活性について試験することによって決定することができる。
本発明のポリペプチドバリアント(特に抗体バリアント)には、共有結合が抗体によるエピトープ結合免疫特異性の保持を可能にする限り、例えば、任意の種類の分子の共有結合によって改変される類似体および誘導体が含まれる。例えば、限定するものではないが、抗体の誘導体および類似体には、例えばグリコシル化、アセチル化、ペグ化、リン酸化、アミド化、公知の保護/ブロック基による誘導体化、タンパク質分解性切断、細胞抗体単位または他のタンパク質への結合などによってさらに改変されたものが含まれる。多数の化学的改変のいずれかを、特異的化学的切断、アセチル化、ホルミル化、ツニカマイシン存在下での代謝合成などを含むがそれらに限定されない公知の技術によって実施することができる。さらに、類似体または誘導体は、1つまたはそれより多くの非天然アミノ酸を含むことができる。
融合タンパク質を生成するために、本発明のポリペプチドを異種のポリペプチドまたはその部分に組換えで融合させるかまたは化学的にコンジュゲート(共有結合および非共有結合のコンジュゲーションを含む)させることができる。好ましくは、所望の融合タンパク質を生成するために、本発明のポリペプチド(特に抗体)は、異種のポリペプチドの少なくとも10、少なくとも15、少なくとも20、少なくとも25、少なくとも30、少なくとも40、少なくとも50、少なくとも60、少なくとも70、少なくとも80、少なくとも90または少なくとも100個のアミノ酸に融合される。融合は必ずしも直接である必要はなく、リンカー配列を通して起こることができる。本発明のポリペプチドは固体支持体または半固体のマトリックスに結合させることもでき、それらは標的抗原の免疫アッセイまたは精製のために特に有用である。そのような支持体およびマトリックスには、ガラス、セルロース、ポリアクリルアミド、アガロースビーズ、アクリルアミドビーズ、ナイロン、ポリスチレン、ポリ塩化ビニルまたはポリプロピレンが含まれるが、これらに限定されない。結合は、例えばMethods in Enzymology、44巻(1976年)に記載の方法で達成することができる。
本発明は、抗体および他のポリペプチド断片をさらに提供する。例えば完全長天然の抗体またはタンパク質と比較した場合、そのような断片は、例えばN末端もしくはC末端で切断(truncate)されていてもよく、または内部の残基を欠いてもよい。特定の断片は、所望の生物活性のために必須でないアミノ酸残基を欠いてもよい。これらの断片は、多くの従来の技術のいずれかで調製することができる。所望のペプチド断片は、化学的に合成することができる。代替アプローチは、酵素消化によって、例えば、特定のアミノ酸残基によって規定される部位でタンパク質を切断することが公知である酵素でタンパク質を処理することによって、または適する制限酵素でDNAを消化し、所望の断片を単離することによって抗体またはポリペプチド断片を生成することを含む。さらに別の適する技術は、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)によって、所望の抗体またはポリペプチド断片をコードするDNA断片を単離および増幅することを含む。DNA断片の所望の末端を定義するオリゴヌクレオチドは、PCRにおいて5’および3’のプライマーで使用される。好ましくは、抗体およびポリペプチド断片は、本明細書で開示される天然の抗体またはポリペプチドと、少なくとも1つの生物学的および/または免疫学的活性を共有する。
ダイアボディおよび二重親和性再ターゲティング試薬(「DART」)も、本発明によって提供される。ダイアボディおよびDARTは、本発明の抗体およびポリペプチドに一般に由来する抗原結合ドメインを含む。ダイアボディおよびDARTの設計および構築は、例えば、2008年1月4日に出願の米国特許仮出願第61/019,051号および2007年6月21日に出願の第60/945,523号;2006年4月17日に出願の米国特許出願第11/409,339号;Marvinら(2005年)Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 26巻:649〜658頁、Olafsenら(2004年)Prot. Engr. Des. Sel. 17巻:21〜27頁、Holligerら(1993年)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 90巻:6444〜6448頁に記載されている。ダイアボディ分子の各ポリペプチド鎖は、同じ抗体または異なる抗体からのVLドメインおよびVHドメインを含み、それらのドメインは、自己アセンブリを抑制するように共有結合される。ポリペプチド鎖のうちの2つの相互作用は、2つのVL−VH対合を生成し、2つのエピトープ結合部位、すなわち二価分子を形成する。VHドメインおよびVLドメインはいずれもポリペプチド鎖の中のいかなる位置にも拘束されず、それらのドメインはお互いとのそれらの相対位置で制限されてもいない。唯一の制限は、相補的ポリペプチド鎖が機能的ダイアボディを形成するために利用可能であるということである。ドメインはペプチドリンカーによって分離されてもよく、ポリペプチド鎖は各鎖で少なくとも1つのシステイン残基を含むように操作することができるので、鎖間ジスルフィド結合を形成してダイアボディを安定させることができる。
本発明の好ましい実施形態の抗体は、様々な方法のいずれかで生成することまたは得ることができる。例えば、そのような抗体は、血漿から、合成的に、組換えもしくはトランスジェニックに、細胞(例えば、ハイブリドーマ培養)経由などによって得ることができる。合成タンパク質の生成は、例えば、Dawsonら(2000年)Ann. Rev Biochem. 69巻:923〜960頁、Wilkenら(1998年)Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 9巻(4号):412〜426頁およびKochendoerferら(1999年)Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 3巻(6号):665〜671頁に記載されている。
本発明の抗体は、様々な方法で特徴付けることができる。特に、本発明の抗体は、抗原、例えばHER2/neuに免疫特異的に結合する能力について、または、分子がFcドメイン(またはその一部)を含む場合は、Fc−FcγR相互作用、すなわちFcγRへのFcドメイン(またはその一部)の特異的結合を示す能力についてアッセイすることができる。そのようなアッセイは、溶液中で(例えば、Houghten(1992年)Bio/Techniques 13巻:412〜421頁)、ビーズで(Lam(1991年)Nature 354巻:82〜84頁)、チップで(Fodor(1993年)Nature 364巻:555〜556頁)、細菌で(米国特許第5,223,409号)、胞子で(米国特許第5,571,698号、第5,403,484号および第5,223,409号)、プラスミドで(Cullら(1992年)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 89巻:1865〜1869頁)またはファージで(ScottおよびSmith(1990年)Science 249巻:386〜390頁、Devlin(1990年)Science 249巻:404〜406頁、Cwirlaら(1990年)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 87巻:6378〜6382頁およびFelici(1991年)J. Mol. Biol. 222巻:301〜310頁)実施することができる。抗原に免疫特異的に結合すると特定された分子は、抗原に対するそれらの特異性および親和性について次にアッセイすることができる。
本発明の組成物(例えば、抗体およびポリペプチド)の投与は、「予防」または「治療」目的のためであってもよく、あるいは診断目的のために用いることができる。本発明の組成物は、投与される量が疾患の実際の徴候についての治療を提供するために生理的に有意である場合、「治療」目的のために投与されると言われる。治療的に提供される場合、化合物は、好ましくは実際の疾患の症状の同定時(またはその少し後)に提供される。化合物の治療的投与は、そのような疾患の重篤度を軽減するかまたはその進行を逆転させるのに役立つ。本発明の組成物は、投与される量が潜在的な疾患または状態についての治療を提供するために生理的に有意である場合、「予防」目的のために投与されると言われる。予防的に提供される場合、化合物は、好ましくはその任意の症状に先立って提供される。化合物の予防的投与は、疾患のその後の任意の進展または再発を予防または軽減するのに役立つ。
本発明の様々な実施形態により処置され得る例示的な障害としては、増殖性障害、細胞増殖性障害、および癌、自己免疫疾患、炎症性障害、ならびに感染症が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。様々な実施形態では、本発明は、疾患抗原に結合する治療的有効量の1つまたはそれより多くの分子(抗体もしくはポリペプチド)を被験体に投与することを含む、被験体における疾患または障害の処置、予防または管理のための方法および組成物を包含する。例えば、本発明の分子は、原発腫瘍の増殖または退縮、癌細胞の転移、および感染症の予防、抑制、軽減に特に有用である。特定の作用機序に縛られるつもりはないが、本発明の分子はエフェクター機能を媒介して、腫瘍クリアランス、腫瘍減少、またはその組合せをもたらす。代わりの実施形態では、本発明のダイアボディは、細胞表面抗原および/または受容体の架橋結合、ならびに強化されたアポトーシスまたは負の増殖調節シグナル伝達により治療活性を媒介する。
医薬組成物は、薬剤的に有用な組成物を調製するための公知の方法に従って処方することができ、薬剤的に許容可能な担体および/または賦形剤を含んでいてもよい。組成物は、任意の適切な形態であってよく、例えば、ごくわずかの非限定的選択肢をあげれば、錠剤、丸剤、散剤、トローチ剤、サシェ剤、カシェ剤、エリキシル剤、懸濁剤、乳剤、液剤、シロップ剤、エアゾール剤(固体として、または液状媒体中で)、例えば、最大10重量%の活性化合物を含有する軟膏剤、軟質ゼラチンカプセルおよび硬質ゼラチンカプセル、坐剤、無菌注射液剤、ならびに無菌包装粉末でも可能である。そのような組成物は、任意の公知の方法によって調製してよく、例えば、無条件下で活性成分を担体または賦形剤と混合することにより調製してもよい。
組成物はキット中に含まれてもよい。キットは、非限定的態様では、治療剤を含む医薬組成物、投与の説明書および/または他のコンポーネントを含むことができる。好ましい実施形態では、キットはいつでも投与できる組成物を含むことができる。キットの容器は、コンポーネントを入れてもよい瓶、ディスペンサー、パッケージ、コンパートメント、またはその他の種類の容器を含むことができる。容器は、その表面にしるしを含むことができる。しるしは、例えば、言葉、語句、略語、絵、または記号でもよい。容器は、所定量のコンポーネント(例えば、本発明の組成物)を分配することができる。組成物は、スプレーで、エアロゾルで、または液体形態もしくは半固体形態で分配することができる。容器は、スプレー、ポンプ、または圧搾機構を持つことができる。ある種の態様では、キットは、本発明の組成物を投与するための注射器を備えることができる。
本発明の組成物は様々な投与経路を利用することができる。選択される特定の方法は、当然のことながら、投与が疾患の予防のためでも、診断のためでも、または処置のためでも、選択された特定の治療剤、処置されるべき医学的障害の重篤度および治療効力に必要な投与量に依存する。本発明の方法は、医学的に許容可能であり、臨床的に容認できない有害作用を引き起こさずに有効レベルの活性化合物を生じる投与方法ならどれでも使用して実行してよい。そのような投与方法には、経口、口腔、舌下、吸入、粘膜、直腸、鼻腔内、局所的、眼球、眼周辺、眼球内、経皮的、皮下、動脈内、静脈内、筋肉内、非経口的または注入の方法が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。特定の実施形態では、本発明の医薬組成物を処置が必要な領域に局所的に投与することが所望される場合があり、これは、例えば、局所注入によって、注射によって、または移植片によって達成してもよいが、これに限定されることはなく、前記移植片は、シアラスティック膜などの膜または繊維を含む、多孔性、非多孔性、またはゼラチン状の物質である。
本発明は、現行の標準および実験化学療法、ホルモン治療、生物学的治療、免疫治療、放射線療法、または手術を含むが、これらに限定されることはない、癌、自己免疫疾患、炎症、もしくは感染症の処置または予防のための当業者に公知の他の治療と組み合わせて本発明の抗体またはポリペプチドを投与することをさらに包含する。一部の実施形態では、本発明の抗体またはポリペプチドは、癌、自己免疫疾患、感染症、もしくは中毒の処置および/または予防のために、当業者に公知の治療的または予防的有効量の1つまたはそれより多くの治療剤と組み合わせて投与してもよい。
本発明の医薬組成物、予防剤または治療剤は、好ましくは、ヒトにおける使用に先立って所望の治療活性について、インビトロで、細胞培養系において、および齧歯類動物モデル系などの動物モデル生物において試験される。例えば、特定の医薬組成物の投与が望ましいかどうかを決定するために使用することができるアッセイとしては、患者の組織試料を培養下で増殖し、本発明の医薬組成物に曝露するかまたは他の方法で接触させ、前記組織試料に対するそのような組成物の効果を観察する細胞培養アッセイが挙げられる。組織試料は患者からのバイオプシーにより入手することができる。この試験により、個々の患者ごとの治療的に最も有効な予防的または治療的な分子を同定することが可能になる。様々な特定の実施形態では、インビトロアッセイは、自己免疫障害または炎症障害に関与する細胞型のうちの代表的細胞(例えば、T細胞)を使用して実施して、本発明の医薬組成物がそのような細胞型に対して所望の効果を有するかどうかを決定することができる。
D1.遺伝子治療
特定の実施形態では、本発明の分子をコードする配列を含む核酸が、遺伝子治療によって、疾患、障害または感染に付随する1つまたはそれより多くの症状を処置する、予防する、または緩和するために投与される。遺伝子治療とは、被験体への発現されたまたは発現可能な核酸の投与により実施される治療をいう。本発明のこの実施形態では、核酸は治療効果または予防効果を媒介するそれにコードされた抗体または融合タンパク質を産生する。当該技術分野で利用することができる遺伝子治療のためのどんな方法でも、例えば、例えば、Goldspielら(1993年)Clinical Pharmacy 12巻:488〜505頁; Wu and Wu(1991年)Biotherapy 3巻:87〜95頁; Tolstoshev(1993年)Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 32巻:573〜596頁; Mulligan(1993年)Science 260巻:926〜932頁;およびMorgan and Anderson(1993年)Ann. Rev. Biochem. 62巻:191〜217頁に記載される方法を使用してよい。
一部の実施形態では、本発明の抗体を使用して、癌抗原および感染症抗原を含むがこれらに限定されることはない抗原性因子または免疫原性因子に対する免疫応答を誘導してもよい。本発明のワクチン組成物は、免疫応答が望ましい1つまたはそれより多くの抗原性因子または免疫原性因子を含み、前記1つまたはそれより多くの抗原性因子または免疫原性因子は本発明の抗体で被膜されている。本発明のワクチン組成物は、免疫応答、好ましくは、抗原性因子または免疫原性因子に対する保護的免疫応答を誘発するのに特に効果的であり、前記抗原性因子または免疫原性因子は、それに対する免疫応答が望ましいウイルスでもよいし、他のウイルス病原体または非ウイルス病原体由来の抗原でもよい。
一部の実施形態では、本発明の抗体を使用して、所望の治療組成物(例えば、抗癌薬)の標的細胞(例えば、前立腺癌細胞または他のHER2/neu発現細胞)への送達のための、ターゲティングされるリポソームを調製することができる。抗腫瘍剤のターゲティングされた送達のための免疫リポソームの調製および使用は、Mastrobattistaら(1999年)Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 40巻:103〜127頁に概説されている。リポソームは脂質二重層をベースとする小胞構造体である。リポソームは直径がわずか20nmほどの小ささであってもよく、10μmほどの大きさであってもよい。リポソームは単層(わずか1つの二重層が水性の核を取り囲んでいる)であってもよく、多重膜(2またはそれより多くの二重層が水性の核の回りに同心円状に配向している)であってもよい。様々なターゲティング剤(例えば、本発明の抗体)を使用するリポソームのターゲティングは当該技術分野では周知である。例えば、米国特許第4957773号および米国特許第4603044号参照。ターゲティング剤をリポソームに結合させるための標準的な方法を使用することができる。抗体にターゲティングされたリポソームは、例えば、プロテインAを取り込むリポソームを使用して構築することができる。Renneisenら(1990年)J. Biol. Chem. 265巻:16337〜16342頁;およびLeonettiら(1990年)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 87巻:2448〜2451頁参照。
本発明の抗体を使用して、HER2/neuまたはHER2/neuを発現している細胞を検出することができる。そのような検出を達成するためには、多くの方法のうちのいずれを使用してもよい。例えば、免疫学的結合アッセイを使用してもよい(例えば、米国特許第4366241号、米国特許第4376110号、米国特許第4517288号、および米国特許第4837168号参照)。一般的免疫アッセイの概説は、Asai(編、1993年)Methods in Cell Biology 37巻、Academic Press, New York; Stites & Terr(編、1991年)Basic and Clinical Immunology 第7版も参照されたい。
BIACore親和性決定
溶出し精製された抗体の結合の反応速度パラメータを、BIAcoreアッセイ(BIAcore instrument 1000、BIAcore Inc.、Piscataway、N.J.)および関連するソフトウェアを使用して解析した。約1000応答単位(RU)の受容体が表面に固定化されるように、アミンカップリング化学(NHS/EDCの混合でのカルボキシメチル基の修飾による)によりセンサーチップ表面の4フローセル(フローセル2)のうちの1つにHER−2を固定化した。これに続いて、未反応活性エステルを、1M Et−NH2の注入で「覆って取り除いた(capped off)」。一旦適切な表面が調製されたら、ch4D5−FcWT(野生型Fc)、ch4D5、およびトラスツズマブ(対照)を、70mL/分の流速で180秒間表面に6.25〜200nMの濃度で注入した。
アポトーシス
様々な細胞系をch4D5およびch4D5−FcMT1と一緒に一晩インキュベートした。アポトーシスを、FACS解析によりアッセイした。結果を表6に示す。
増殖
本実施形態の様々なキメラ4D5抗体の効果を比較するために、DNAへの[3H]チミジン([3H]TdR)取込みをSKBR3細胞増殖の生化学指標として使用した。CD16−158F+およびCD16−158V+細胞に対するch4D5−Ag、ch4D5、およびCh4D−FcMT1の影響を研究し、対照と比較した。結果を図4に示す。
マウス(乳癌モデル)における抗腫瘍活性
様々な抗体の抗腫瘍活性を、非トランスジェニックマウスおよびトランスジェニック(hCD16A)マウスを使用して、乳癌モデルにおいて研究した。MacroGenics繁殖コロニー由来の50匹のBalb/c RAG2−/−非トランスジェニックマウスに、0日目にJMT−1乳癌細胞を皮下注射した。マウスをそれぞれ10マウスの5グループに分け、8週間毎週、ch4D5 N297Q、ch4D5野生型Fc、ch4D5−FcMT1、ch4D5−FcMT2、またはPBS(負の対照)を腹腔内(IP)に処置した。腫瘍発達は、週あたり2回、キャリパーを使用してモニターし、腫瘍重量は次の式:腫瘍重量=(長さ×幅2)/2により推定する。結果を図5に示す。MacroGenics繁殖コロニー由来の23匹のBalb/c RAG2−/− mCD16−/− hCD16A+トランスジェニックマウスに、0日目にJIMT−1乳癌細胞を皮下注射した。マウスは3グループに分け、8週間毎週、ch4D5野生型Fc(n=8)、ch4D5−FcMT1(n=8)、またはPBS(負の対照;n=7)を腹腔内(IP)に処置した。腫瘍発達は、週あたり2回、キャリパーを使用してモニターし、腫瘍重量は次の式:腫瘍重量=(長さ×幅2)/2により推定する。結果は図6に示している。
マウス(卵巣癌モデル)における抗腫瘍活性
様々な抗体の抗腫瘍活性を、非トランスジェニックマウスおよびトランスジェニック(hCD16A)マウスを使用して、卵巣癌モデルにおいて研究した。MacroGenics繁殖コロニー由来の22匹のR3−/− N/N 非トランスジェニックマウスに、0日目に、SKOV−3卵巣癌細胞を皮下注射した。マウスを4グループに分け、8週間毎週、ch4D5 N297Q(n=5)、ch4D5野生型Fc(n=6)、ch4D5−FcMT1(n=6)、またはPBS(負の対照;n=5)を腹腔内(IP)に処置した。腫瘍発達は、週あたり2回、キャリパーを使用してモニターし、腫瘍重量を次の式:腫瘍重量=(長さ×幅2)/2により推定する。結果を図7のパネルAに示す。MacroGenics繁殖コロニー由来の32匹のR3−/− N/N hCD16A+トランスジェニックマウスに、0日目に、SKOV−3卵巣癌細胞を皮下注射した。マウスを4グループに分け、8週間毎週、ch4D5 N297Q(n=8)、ch4D5野生型Fc(n=8)、ch4D5−FcMT1(n=8)、またはPBS(負の対照;n=8)を腹腔内(IP)に処置した。腫瘍発達は、週あたり2回、キャリパーを使用してモニターし、腫瘍重量を次の式:腫瘍重量=(長さ×幅2)/2により推定する。結果を図7のパネルBに示す。MacroGenics繁殖コロニー由来の96匹のmCD16−/− huCD16A FoxN1−/− (nu/nu)トランスジェニックマウスに、0日目に、SKOV−3卵巣癌細胞を皮下注射した。マウスをそれぞれ16マウスの6グループに分け、8週間毎週、ch4D5−FcMT3、ch4D5−FcMT1、ch4D5−FcMT4、ch4D5、ch4D5Ag、またはPBS(負の対照)を腹腔内(IP)に処置した。腫瘍発達は、週あたり2回、キャリパーを使用してモニターし、腫瘍重量を次の式:腫瘍重量=(長さ×幅2)/2により推定する。結果を図8に示す。
様々な癌細胞系におけるADCCアッセイ
図9は、HER2/neuに対する様々な癌細胞系の代表的免疫組織化学染色を図示している。細胞系を、DAKO HerceptTestTM(DakoCytomation、Glostrup、Denmark)として販売されているHER2/neu試験キットに明記されているとおりにそのHER2/neu染色強度に従ってランク付けした。すなわち、HER2/neu染色なし(DAKOスコア0)、弱いHER2/neu染色(DAKOスコア1+)、中程度のHER2/neu染色(DAKOスコア2+)、および強いHER2/neu染色(DAKOスコア3+)である。表7に示されるように、様々なパネルは様々な細胞系を表している。
Claims (14)
- (A)配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を有するキメラ4D5免疫グロブリン軽鎖可変ドメインを含むポリペプチドと、
(B)配列番号9、配列番号11及び配列番号13からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を有するバリアント4D5免疫グロブリン重鎖を含むポリペプチドと
を含む免疫グロブリン。 - 前記軽鎖可変ドメインを含むポリペプチドが配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項1に記載の免疫グロブリン。
- 前記重鎖を含むポリペプチドが配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の免疫グロブリン。
- 前記重鎖を含むポリペプチドが配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の免疫グロブリン。
- 前記重鎖を含むポリペプチドが配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の免疫グロブリン。
- 前記重鎖が、野生型Fcドメインと比較して、
(A)強化された抗体依存性細胞傷害(ADCC);
(B)FcγRIIA若しくはFcγRIIIAへの結合の増加;
(C)FcγRIIBへの結合の減少;又は
(D)FcγRIIBへの結合の増加
を示すバリアントFcドメインを有する、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の免疫グロブリン。 - 前記免疫グロブリンが抗体である、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の免疫グロブリン。
- 前記抗体がモノクローナル抗体である、請求項7に記載の免疫グロブリン。
- 前記免疫グロブリンがダイアボディである、請求項7に記載の免疫グロブリン。
- 前記免疫グロブリンが抗体の免疫学的に活性なエピトープ結合性断片である、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の免疫グロブリン。
- 患者における癌の処置のための医薬の製造における、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の免疫グロブリンの使用。
- 前記癌がHER2/neuを発現する癌であり、前記免疫グロブリンがヒトHER2/neuに結合する、請求項11に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が、抗脈管形成剤、抗腫瘍剤、化学療法剤及び細胞傷害剤からなる群から選択される治療剤をさらに含む、請求項11又は12に記載の使用。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の免疫グロブリンと、薬学的に許容される担体又は添加剤を含む医薬組成物。
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