JP5548470B2 - ハニカム触媒体 - Google Patents
ハニカム触媒体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5548470B2 JP5548470B2 JP2010030852A JP2010030852A JP5548470B2 JP 5548470 B2 JP5548470 B2 JP 5548470B2 JP 2010030852 A JP2010030852 A JP 2010030852A JP 2010030852 A JP2010030852 A JP 2010030852A JP 5548470 B2 JP5548470 B2 JP 5548470B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- honeycomb
- inflow side
- side end
- cells
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical class O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical class O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C04B38/0009—Honeycomb structures characterised by features relating to the cell walls, e.g. wall thickness or distribution of pores in the walls
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Description
図1は、本発明のハニカム触媒体の一実施形態を模式的に示す斜視図であり、図2は、本発明のハニカム触媒体の一実施形態の中心軸に平行な断面を示す模式図である。図2に示すように、本発明のハニカム触媒体100は、流入側端面2から流出側端面3まで貫通し流体の流路となる複数のセル4を区画形成する多孔質の隔壁5を有するハニカム基材6と、このハニカム基材6の流出側端面3における一部のセル4(4a)の開口部を目封止するように配設された目封止部8と、ハニカム基材6に担持された三元触媒と、を備えている。そして、ハニカム触媒体100は、流入側端面2において全部のセル4が開口している。
ハニカム基材6は、流入側端面2から流出側端面3まで貫通し流体の流路となる複数のセル4を区画形成する多孔質の隔壁5を有するハニカム形状のものである。そして、ハニカム基材6は、流入側端面2において全部のセル4が開口しているものである。即ち、流入側端面2における全部のセル4の開口部は目封止されていないものである。そのため、流入側端面2に目封止部を形成したことに起因する熱容量の増加を回避することができる。即ち、流入側の端部は、排気ガスの熱で容易に昇温され得るため、エンジン始動後の早い段階で、流入側の端部に担持された三元触媒の活性温度まで昇温する。従って、排気ガスに含まれるCO,HC,及びNOXを、エンジン始動直後から高い効率で浄化することができる。
ハニカム触媒体100が備える目封止部8の材質(セラミック原料)は、ハニカム基材6における隔壁5の材質と同じ材質とすることが好ましい。これにより、焼成時に、目封止部8が隔壁5と強固に結合するようになる。
三元触媒とは、主に炭化水素(HC)、一酸化炭素(CO)、窒素酸化物(NOX)を浄化する触媒のことをいう。例えば、白金(Pt)、パラジウム(Pd)、ロジウム(Rh)を含む触媒を挙げることができる。この三元触媒により、炭化水素は水と二酸化炭素に、一酸化炭素は二酸化炭素に、窒素酸化物は窒素に、それぞれ酸化または還元によって浄化される。
上述したように、ハニカム基材6の流出側領域32内の隔壁5には、単位体積当りの担持量が、流入側領域31内の隔壁5に担持された三元触媒の単位体積当りの担持量よりも少なく、かつ、100g/L以下の触媒が担持されるか、または、触媒が担持されないことが必要である。
本発明のハニカム触媒体の一実施形態は、例えば、以下のようにして作製することができる。まず、成形原料を混練して坏土とする。次に、得られた坏土をハニカム形状に押出成形して複数のセルが形成されたハニカム成形体を得る。次に、得られたハニカム成形体の一方の端面における一部のセルの開口部を目封止した後、焼成することによって、一方の端面における一部のセルの開口部が目封止されて目封止部が配設された片側目封止ハニカム焼成体を得る。次に、得られた片側目封止ハニカム焼成体の上記一方の端面から所定の位置までの範囲の領域(流入側領域)内に触媒スラリーを流入させ、流入側領域内の隔壁に三元触媒を塗工することによってハニカム触媒体を作製することができる。
本発明のハニカム触媒体は、缶体に収納して排気ガス浄化装置とすることができる。図7は、本発明のハニカム触媒体の一実施形態を缶体内に収納して得られる排気ガス浄化装置の中心軸に平行な断面を示す模式図であり、排気ガス浄化装置1は、排気ガスG1が流入する流入口22及び浄化された排気ガスG2が流出する流出口23を有する缶体30と、この缶体30内に、流入側端面2が缶体30の流入口22側を向くように収納される本実施形態のハニカム触媒体100と、を備えている。また、ハニカム触媒体100には、クッション材40が巻きつけられている。
次に、上記排気ガス浄化装置1は、例えば、排気ガスG1が流入する流入口22及び浄化された排気ガスG2が流出する流出口23を有する缶体30を用意し、この缶体30内に、流入側端面2が缶体30の流入口22側を向くように本実施形態のハニカム触媒体100を収納することによって製造することができる。
まず、コージェライト化原料として、アルミナ、水酸化アルミニウム、カオリン、タルク、及びシリカを使用し、コージェライト化原料100質量部に、造孔材を13質量部、分散媒を35質量部、有機バインダを6質量部、分散剤を0.5質量部、それぞれ添加し、混合、混練して坏土を調製した。分散媒として水を使用し、造孔材としては平均粒子径1〜10μmのコークスを使用し、有機バインダとしてはヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースを使用し、分散剤としてはエチレングリコールを使用した。
得られた排気ガス浄化装置を、排気量2.0リットルの直噴式ガソリンエンジンを搭載した乗用車の排気系に装着する。その後、シャシダイナモによる車両試験として、欧州規制運転モードの運転条件にて運転した際における排気ガス中の、一酸化炭素、炭化水素、窒素酸化物のエミッションを測定してエミッション値を得る。得られたエミッション値を、欧州EURO5規制値と比較して、全ての成分(一酸化炭素、炭化水素、窒素酸化物)のエミッションが規制値を下回った場合を合格「A」とし、規制値を下回らなかった場合を不合格「B」とする。なお、本評価を、表2中、「浄化率(CO,HC,NOX)」と示す。
欧州規制に準拠した測定方法で、バッグエミッション測定を行い、炭化水素(HC)の排出量を測定する。炭化水素の排出量が0.1g/km未満の場合は、排出量が規制を満たすため、合格「A」とし、0.1g/km以上の場合は、排出量が規制を満たさない(即ち、排出量の規制値に対して排出量が過大である)ため、不合格「B」とする。なお、本評価を、表2中、「HC排出量(g/km)」と示す。
排気量2.0リットルの直噴式ガソリンエンジンを搭載した乗用車の排気系に、得られた排気ガス浄化装置を装着する。その後、シャシダイナモによる車両試験として、欧州規制運転モードの運転条件にて運転した際における排気ガス中のPMの排出個数を、欧州EURO6規制案に沿った方法で測定する。なお、上記PMの排出個数が6×1011個/km以下の場合は、欧州EURO6規制案の条件を満たしている。なお、本評価を、表2中、「PM排出(個/km)」と示す。そして、規制値を満たしている場合(PMの排出個数が6×1011個/km以下の場合)を合格「A」とし、規制値を満たしていない場合(PMの排出個数が6×1011個/km超である場合)を不合格「B」とする。
排気量2.0リットルの直噴式ガソリンエンジンの台上試験において、まず、排気系に、セル密度93セル/cm2,隔壁の厚さ(リブ厚)0.076mm,直径105.7mm,中心軸方向の長さ114mmのフロースルー型のハニカム構造体を装着する。そのときのエンジンフルロード運転時の圧力損失を測定し、これを基準値とする。一方、得られた排気ガス浄化装置を排気系に装着した後、上記同様のエンジンフルロード条件における圧力損失を測定する。その後、上記基準値に対して、圧力損失の増加量が10kPa未満である場合を合格「A」とし、圧力損失の増加量が10kPa以上である場合を不合格「B」とした。なお、本評価を、表2中、「圧損」と示す。
上記[浄化率]、[炭化水素の排出量]、[PM個数エミッション]、及び[圧力損失]の各評価のうち、全ての評価が合格「A」であるときには合格「A」とし、1つでも不合格「B」の評価があるとき、不合格「B」とする。但し、「A」とするには、[炭化水素の排出量]については、炭化水素の排出量が0.1g/km未満であることが必要であり、[PM個数エミッション]については、PMの排出個数が6×1011個/km以下の場合であって、かつ、圧損の評価が「A」であることが必要である。また、[炭化水素の排出量]について、炭化水素の排出量が0.1g/km以上である場合、[PM個数エミッション]について、PMの排出個数が6×1011個/km超の場合、または、圧損の評価が「B」である場合には、本評価においては「B」とする。
表1に示す、直径、長さ、L/D、セル密度、リブ厚、気孔率、細孔径、目封止部の配設形状、長さ比率、流入側領域における触媒担持量、流入側領域における貴金属量、流出側領域における触媒担持量、及び流入側領域における貴金属量としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2、5、8、10、11、比較例1〜8の各ハニカム触媒体を作製した。その後、作製した各ハニカム触媒体を缶体内に収納して排気ガス浄化装置を作製し、実施例1の場合と同様に、上記方法で「浄化率」、[炭化水素の排出量]、「PM個数エミッション」、「圧力損失」、及び「総合判断」を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
Claims (3)
- 流入側端面から流出側端面まで貫通し流体の流路となる複数のセルを区画形成する多孔質の隔壁を有するハニカム基材と、
前記ハニカム基材の前記流出側端面における一部のセルの開口部を目封止するように配設された目封止部と、
前記ハニカム基材に担持された三元触媒と、を備え、
前記流入側端面において全部のセルが開口しており、
前記ハニカム基材は、流体の流入側の領域である流入側領域と流体の流出側の領域である流出側領域との2つの領域からなり、
前記ハニカム基材の前記流入側領域は、前記流入側端面から、前記流入側端面からの距離が前記ハニカム基材の中心軸方向の長さの10〜90%の位置までの範囲の領域であって、前記流入側領域内の前記隔壁には、100〜400g/Lの前記三元触媒が担持されており、
前記ハニカム基材の前記流出側領域内の前記隔壁には、単位体積当りの担持量が、前記流入側領域内の前記隔壁に担持された前記三元触媒の単位体積当りの担持量よりも少なく、かつ、100g/L以下の触媒が担持されるか、または、触媒が担持されず、
前記ハニカム基材の前記流入側端面の直径に対する前記ハニカム基材の中心軸方向の長さの比の値が1.2〜1.8であるハニカム触媒体。 - 前記ハニカム基材は、前記隔壁の厚さが38.0〜245.0μmであり、セル密度が16〜186個/cm2であり、前記隔壁の気孔率が35〜70%であり、前記隔壁の平均細孔径が4〜40μmである請求項1に記載のハニカム触媒体。
- 前記目封止部は、隣接するセルを交互に目封止するように配設されるか、または、前記目封止部は、隣接する複数のセルからなるセル群を単位セル群としたときに、隣接する前記単位セル群を交互に目封止するように配設される請求項1または2に記載のハニカム触媒体。
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US20110201493A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
EP2380650B1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
EP2380650A1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
JP2011167582A (ja) | 2011-09-01 |
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