JP5217405B2 - 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 - Google Patents
誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5217405B2 JP5217405B2 JP2007319812A JP2007319812A JP5217405B2 JP 5217405 B2 JP5217405 B2 JP 5217405B2 JP 2007319812 A JP2007319812 A JP 2007319812A JP 2007319812 A JP2007319812 A JP 2007319812A JP 5217405 B2 JP5217405 B2 JP 5217405B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- dielectric
- dielectric particles
- particles
- oxide
- mol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 149
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 73
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 34
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000005621 ferroelectricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021523 barium zirconate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);dioxido(oxo)zirconium Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Zr]([O-])=O DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
- C04B35/468—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
- C04B35/468—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates
- C04B35/4682—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates based on BaTiO3 perovskite phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62685—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures characterised by the order of addition of constituents or additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/638—Removal thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/06—Solid dielectrics
- H01G4/08—Inorganic dielectrics
- H01G4/12—Ceramic dielectrics
- H01G4/1209—Ceramic dielectrics characterised by the ceramic dielectric material
- H01G4/1218—Ceramic dielectrics characterised by the ceramic dielectric material based on titanium oxides or titanates
- H01G4/1227—Ceramic dielectrics characterised by the ceramic dielectric material based on titanium oxides or titanates based on alkaline earth titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3203—Lithium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3225—Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3227—Lanthanum oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3229—Cerium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
- C04B2235/3234—Titanates, not containing zirconia
- C04B2235/3236—Alkaline earth titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3241—Chromium oxides, chromates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3248—Zirconates or hafnates, e.g. zircon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3262—Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. MnO
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3272—Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3275—Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bismuth cobaltate, zinc cobaltite
- C04B2235/3277—Co3O4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3287—Germanium oxides, germanates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. copper germanate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3409—Boron oxide, borates, boric acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. borax
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5445—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6565—Cooling rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
- C04B2235/6582—Hydrogen containing atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
- C04B2235/6583—Oxygen containing atmosphere, e.g. with changing oxygen pressures
- C04B2235/6584—Oxygen containing atmosphere, e.g. with changing oxygen pressures at an oxygen percentage below that of air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
- C04B2235/6588—Water vapor containing atmospheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
- C04B2235/662—Annealing after sintering
- C04B2235/663—Oxidative annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/785—Submicron sized grains, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/79—Non-stoichiometric products, e.g. perovskites (ABO3) with an A/B-ratio other than 1
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/80—Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase
- C04B2235/85—Intergranular or grain boundary phases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/30—Stacked capacitors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
Description
Bam TiO2+m (ただし、mは、0.99≦m≦1.01)と、
Ban ZrO2+n (ただし、nは、0.99≦n≦1.01)と、
Mgの酸化物と、Rの酸化物(ただし、Rは、Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、YbおよびLuから選択される少なくとも1種)と、Mn、Cr、CoおよびFeから選ばれる少なくとも1種の酸化物と、Si、Li、Al、GeおよびBから選ばれる少なくとも1種の酸化物と、を有する誘電体磁器組成物であって、
前記誘電体磁器組成物は、複数の誘電体粒子と、隣接する前記誘電体粒子間に存在する粒界相と、から構成されており、
Bam TiO2+mを主成分とする前記誘電体粒子を、第1誘電体粒子とし、Ban ZrO2+nを主成分とする前記誘電体粒子を、第2誘電体粒子とし、前記第1誘電体粒子の平均結晶粒子径を、D1[μm]とし、前記第2誘電体粒子の平均結晶粒子径を、D2[μm]とした場合に、
前記D1に対する前記D2の比である(D2/D1)が、0.04〜0.33であり、
前記D2が、0.02〜0.25μmであり、
前記誘電体磁器組成物中において、前記第1誘電体粒子の合計個数に対する前記第2誘電体粒子の合計個数の比が、0.10〜2であることを特徴とする。
Mgの酸化物:4〜12モル、
Rの酸化物:4〜15モル、
Mn、Cr、CoおよびFeの酸化物:0.5〜3モル、
Si、Li、Al、GeおよびBの酸化物:3〜9モルである。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る積層セラミックコンデンサの断面図、
図2は、本発明の一実施形態に係る誘電体粒子および粒界相の模式図であり、
図3(A)は、本発明の実施例に係る積層セラミックコンデンサの誘電体層の断面において、TEMにより観察された反射電子像、図3(B)は、図3(A)の領域におけるZr元素の濃度分布を示すマッピング図であり、
図4(A)は、本発明の比較例に係る積層セラミックコンデンサの誘電体層の断面において、TEMにより観察された反射電子像、図4(B)は、図4(A)の領域におけるZr元素の濃度分布を示すマッピング図である。
図1に示すように、本発明の一実施形態に係る積層セラミックコンデンサ1は、誘電体層2と内部電極層3とが交互に積層された構成のコンデンサ素子本体10を有する。このコンデンサ素子本体10の両端部には、素子本体10の内部で交互に配置された内部電極層3と各々導通する一対の外部電極4が形成してある。コンデンサ素子本体10の形状に特に制限はないが、通常、直方体状とされる。また、その寸法にも特に制限はなく、用途に応じて適当な寸法とすればよい。
誘電体層2は、本発明の誘電体磁器組成物を含有する。
本発明の誘電体磁器組成物は、少なくとも、Bam TiO2+m (ただし、mは、0.99≦m≦1.01)と、Ban ZrO2+n (ただし、nは、0.99≦n≦1.01)と、を有する。この際、酸素(O)量は、上記式の化学量論組成から若干偏倚してもよい。
内部電極層3に含有される導電材は特に限定されないが、誘電体層2の構成材料が耐還元性を有するため、比較的安価な卑金属を用いることができる。導電材として用いる卑金属としては、NiまたはNi合金が好ましい。Ni合金としては、Mn,Cr,CoおよびAlから選択される1種以上の元素とNiとの合金が好ましく、合金中のNi含有量は95重量%以上であることが好ましい。なお、NiまたはNi合金中には、P等の各種微量成分が0.1重量%程度以下含まれていてもよい。また、内部電極層3は、市販の電極用ペーストを使用して形成してもよい。内部電極層3の厚さは用途等に応じて適宜決定すればよい。
外部電極4に含有される導電材は特に限定されないが、本発明では安価なNi,Cuや、これらの合金を用いることができる。外部電極4の厚さは用途等に応じて適宜決定すればよい。
本実施形態の積層セラミックコンデンサ1は、従来の積層セラミックコンデンサと同様に、ペーストを用いた通常の印刷法やシート法によりグリーンチップを作製し、これを焼成した後、外部電極を印刷または転写して焼成することにより製造される。以下、製造方法について具体的に説明する。
また、Bam TiO2+m 以外の原料を混合し焙焼して焙焼粉を得てもよい。焙焼温度は、上記の仮焼温度と同程度の温度範囲とすることが好ましい。
まず、出発原料としてBaTiO3(m=1.000)、BaZrO3(n=1.000) 、Gd2 O3 、MgCO3 、MnO、およびSiO2 を準備した。次いで、BaZrO3、MgCO3 、Gd2 O3 、MnO、およびSiO2をボールミルで混合し、得られた混合粉を1000℃で予め仮焼して、平均粒子径0.2μmの焙焼粉を調製した。次いで、得られた焙焼粉に、BaTiO3を加えて、ボールミルで15時間、湿式粉砕し、乾燥して、平均粒径0.3μmの誘電体材料を得た。各成分の添加量は、BaTiO3 100モルに対して、複合酸化物または各酸化物換算で、BaZrO3成分の添加量は45モル、Gd2O3成分の添加量は8.5モル、MgCO3成分の添加量は8モル、MnO成分の添加量は1.2モル、SiO2成分の添加量は5.0モルであった。
なお、MgCO3 は、焼成後には、MgOとして誘電体磁器組成物中に含有されることとなる。
まず、得られたコンデンサ試料を積層方向に垂直な面で切断した。その切断面を透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)により観察した反射電子像と、TEMに付属のエネルギー分散型X線分光装置を用いて行ったマッピング分析と、により、第1誘電体粒子(BaTiO3が主成分)および第2誘電体粒子(BaZrO3が主成分)を判別した。そして、第1誘電体粒子および第2誘電体粒子について、コード法により、各誘電体粒子の形状を球と仮定して、400個について結晶粒子径を測定した。測定した第1誘電体粒子の結晶粒子径の平均値を、平均結晶粒子径D1とし、測定した第2誘電体粒子の結晶粒子径の平均値を、平均結晶粒子径D2とした。
得られたD1およびD2から、D1に対するD2の比である(D2/D1)を求めた。また、観察された第1誘電体粒子および第2誘電体粒子について、第1誘電体粒子の個数に対する第2誘電体粒子の個数を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
コンデンサ試料に対し、温度25℃において、直流電圧を昇温速度100V/sec.で印加し、10mAの電流が流れた時の誘電体層厚みに対する電圧値(単位:V/μm)を破壊電圧とし、破壊電圧を測定することにより、コンデンサ試料の耐圧を評価した。本実施例では、破壊電圧50V/μm以上を良好とした。結果を表1に示す。
コンデンサ試料に対し、125℃において、デジタルLCRメータ(YHP社製4284A)にて、周波数1kHz、入力信号レベル(測定電圧)1Vrmsの条件で静電容量を測定し、基準温度25℃における静電容量に対する変化率を算出した。本実施例では、±15%以内を良好とした。結果を表1に示す。
コンデンサ試料に対し、基準温度25℃において、デジタルLCRメータ(YHP社製4284A)にて、周波数1kHz、入力信号レベル(測定電圧)1Vrmsの信号を入力し、静電容量Cを測定した。そして、比誘電率εs(単位なし)を、誘電体層の厚みと、有効電極面積と、測定の結果得られた静電容量Cとに基づき算出した。比誘電率は高いほうが好ましく、本実施例では、250以上を良好とした。結果を表1に示す。
まず、コンデンサ試料を、所定パターンの電極がプリントしてあるガラスエポキシ基板にハンダ付けすることにより固定した。次いで、基板に固定したコンデンサ試料に対して、AC:10Vrms/μm、周波数3kHzの条件で電圧を印加し、電圧印加時におけるコンデンサ試料表面の振動幅を測定し、これを電歪量とした。なお、コンデンサ試料表面の振動幅の測定には、レーザードップラー振動計を使用した。また、本実施例では、10個のコンデンサ試料を用いて測定した値の平均値を電歪量とした。電歪量は低いほうが好ましく、本実施例では、10ppm未満を良好とした。結果を表1に示す。
これに対して、上記のいずれかが本発明の範囲外である場合には(試料番号1、7、8、14、15、21)、容量温度変化率または破壊電圧が悪化していることが確認できる。
図4に、比較例である試料番号8についての反射電子像とZr元素についてのマッピング図を示す。図4(A)および(B)から明らかなように、図3(A)および(B)において観察された第2誘電体粒子はほとんど存在しない。そのため、本発明の効果が得られないことが分かる。
BaTiO3 100モルに対して、複合酸化物または各酸化物換算で、BaZrO3成分の添加量を41モル、Gd2O3成分の添加量を6.5モル、MgCO3成分の添加量を8.4モル、MnO成分の添加量を1.1モル、SiO2成分の添加量を4.5モルとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、コンデンサ試料を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
BaTiO3 100モルに対して、複合酸化物または各酸化物換算で、BaZrO3成分の添加量を56モル、Gd2O3成分の添加量を10.5モル、MgCO3成分の添加量を7.5モル、MnO成分の添加量を1.0モル、SiO2成分の添加量を5.5モルとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、コンデンサ試料を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
10… コンデンサ素子本体
2… 誘電体層
20… 誘電体粒子
21… 第1誘電体粒子
22… 第2誘電体粒子
30… 粒界相
3… 内部電極層
4… 外部電極
Claims (6)
- Bam TiO2+m (ただし、mは、0.99≦m≦1.01)と、
Ban ZrO2+n (ただし、nは、0.99≦n≦1.01)と、
Mgの酸化物と、Rの酸化物(ただし、Rは、Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、YbおよびLuから選択される少なくとも1種)と、Mn、Cr、CoおよびFeから選ばれる少なくとも1種の酸化物と、Si、Li、Al、GeおよびBから選ばれる少なくとも1種の酸化物と、を有する誘電体磁器組成物であって、
前記誘電体磁器組成物は、複数の誘電体粒子と、隣接する前記誘電体粒子間に存在する粒界相と、から構成されており、
Bam TiO2+mを主成分とする前記誘電体粒子を、第1誘電体粒子とし、Ban ZrO2+nを主成分とする前記誘電体粒子を、第2誘電体粒子とし、前記第1誘電体粒子の平均結晶粒子径を、D1[μm]とし、前記第2誘電体粒子の平均結晶粒子径を、D2[μm]とした場合に、
前記D1に対する前記D2の比である(D2/D1)が、0.04〜0.33であり、
前記D2が、0.02〜0.25μmであり、
前記誘電体磁器組成物中において、前記第1誘電体粒子の合計個数に対する前記第2誘電体粒子の合計個数の比が、0.10〜2であることを特徴とする誘電体磁器組成物。 - 前記第1誘電体粒子にBan ZrO2+nが固溶している請求項1に記載の誘電体磁器組成物。
- 前記第2誘電体粒子が、前記第1誘電体粒子間に存在する粒界相近傍に存在している請求項1または2に記載の誘電体磁器組成物。
- 前記Bam TiO2+m 100モルに対する、前記Ban ZrO2+n の比率が、Ban ZrO2+n 換算で、35〜65モルである請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の誘電体磁器組成物。
- 前記Bam TiO2+m 100モルに対して、各成分の酸化物または複合酸化物換算での比率が、
Mgの酸化物:4〜12モル、
Rの酸化物:4〜15モル、
Mn、Cr、CoおよびFeの酸化物:0.5〜3モル、
Si、Li、Al、GeおよびBの酸化物:3〜9モル、
である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の誘電体磁器組成物。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の誘電体磁器組成物からなる誘電体層と、内部電極層と、を有する電子部品。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007319812A JP5217405B2 (ja) | 2007-12-11 | 2007-12-11 | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 |
US12/314,144 US8008221B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2008-12-04 | Dielectric ceramic composition and electric device |
TW097147793A TW200935468A (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2008-12-09 | Dielectric ceramic composition and electric device |
EP08171203A EP2070888A3 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2008-12-10 | Dielectric ceramic composition and electric device |
KR1020080125116A KR101052666B1 (ko) | 2007-12-11 | 2008-12-10 | 유전체 자기 조성물 및 전자 부품 |
CN2008101837111A CN101456727B (zh) | 2007-12-11 | 2008-12-11 | 电介质瓷器组合物和电子部件 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007319812A JP5217405B2 (ja) | 2007-12-11 | 2007-12-11 | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2009143735A JP2009143735A (ja) | 2009-07-02 |
JP5217405B2 true JP5217405B2 (ja) | 2013-06-19 |
Family
ID=40297959
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007319812A Active JP5217405B2 (ja) | 2007-12-11 | 2007-12-11 | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8008221B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2070888A3 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5217405B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101052666B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101456727B (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200935468A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4967963B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-28 | 2012-07-04 | Tdk株式会社 | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 |
JP4888572B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-25 | 2012-02-29 | Tdk株式会社 | 導電性ペーストおよび電子部品の製造方法 |
JP5146492B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-14 | 2013-02-20 | Tdk株式会社 | 誘電体磁器組成物およびその製造方法 |
JP5224147B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-28 | 2013-07-03 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 誘電体セラミック、及び積層セラミックコンデンサ |
JP5857570B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-15 | 2016-02-10 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 積層セラミックコンデンサ |
TWI537998B (zh) * | 2013-05-24 | 2016-06-11 | Murata Manufacturing Co | Laminated ceramic capacitors |
KR102083990B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-02 | 2020-03-03 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 유전체 조성물 및 적층 세라믹 커패시터 |
JP6413862B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-18 | 2018-10-31 | Tdk株式会社 | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 |
KR102193957B1 (ko) * | 2015-05-21 | 2020-12-22 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 커패시터 부품 |
TWI573775B (zh) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-03-11 | Ceramic capacitor dielectric material | |
KR102608244B1 (ko) * | 2019-01-29 | 2023-11-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 세라믹 유전체 및 그 제조 방법, 세라믹 전자 부품 및 전자장치 |
JP7272881B2 (ja) * | 2019-06-27 | 2023-05-12 | 太陽誘電株式会社 | 積層セラミックコンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
KR20190116132A (ko) | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-14 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 적층형 커패시터 및 그 실장 기판 |
KR20220092154A (ko) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-07-01 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 적층형 전자 부품 및 유전체 조성물 |
KR20220158111A (ko) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-30 | 주식회사 아모텍 | 적층 세라믹 커패시터용 유전체 조성물, 이를 포함하는 적층 세라믹 커패시터 및 이의 제조방법 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5720270B2 (ja) * | 1973-09-19 | 1982-04-27 | ||
US5319517A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1994-06-07 | Tdk Corporation | Multilayer ceramic chip capacitor |
JP3279856B2 (ja) * | 1995-02-14 | 2002-04-30 | ティーディーケイ株式会社 | 誘電体磁器組成物 |
DE69701294T2 (de) * | 1996-03-08 | 2000-07-06 | Murata Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Keramisches Dielektrikum und dieses verwendendes monolithisches keramisches Elektronikbauteil |
JP4491842B2 (ja) | 1998-05-14 | 2010-06-30 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 誘電体磁器組成物および積層セラミックコンデンサ |
JP3567759B2 (ja) | 1998-09-28 | 2004-09-22 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 誘電体セラミック組成物および積層セラミックコンデンサ |
CN1258783C (zh) * | 2002-10-21 | 2006-06-07 | 清华大学 | 用于贱金属电极的高介电、抗还原电容介质材料 |
JP4360154B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-22 | 2009-11-11 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 誘電体磁器組成物およびその製造方法、ならびにセラミック電子部品 |
JP4752327B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-17 | 2011-08-17 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 誘電体セラミック組成物および積層セラミックコンデンサ |
JP2007022819A (ja) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-02-01 | Tdk Corp | 誘電体磁器組成物及び電子部品 |
JP2007331958A (ja) * | 2006-06-12 | 2007-12-27 | Tdk Corp | 電子部品、誘電体磁器組成物およびその製造方法 |
EP1980545B1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2009-12-09 | TDK Corporation | Dielectric ceramic composition and electronic device |
JP4967963B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-28 | 2012-07-04 | Tdk株式会社 | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 |
-
2007
- 2007-12-11 JP JP2007319812A patent/JP5217405B2/ja active Active
-
2008
- 2008-12-04 US US12/314,144 patent/US8008221B2/en active Active
- 2008-12-09 TW TW097147793A patent/TW200935468A/zh unknown
- 2008-12-10 KR KR1020080125116A patent/KR101052666B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-12-10 EP EP08171203A patent/EP2070888A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-12-11 CN CN2008101837111A patent/CN101456727B/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2070888A2 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
KR20090061592A (ko) | 2009-06-16 |
EP2070888A3 (en) | 2011-06-01 |
KR101052666B1 (ko) | 2011-07-28 |
CN101456727B (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
JP2009143735A (ja) | 2009-07-02 |
US20090149312A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
CN101456727A (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
US8008221B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 |
TW200935468A (en) | 2009-08-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5217405B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP4858248B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP4967963B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP5018604B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP5034839B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP5093311B2 (ja) | 積層型セラミック電子部品 | |
JP5446880B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP4863005B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP6696267B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および積層セラミックコンデンサ | |
JP5067572B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物 | |
JP2013211398A (ja) | 積層セラミックコンデンサ | |
JP4863007B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP2008162862A (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP4910812B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP5488118B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP5061961B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物 | |
JP2008174434A (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP5023748B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP4951896B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP5067531B2 (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP2008251739A (ja) | 積層型電子部品 | |
JP2008230883A (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 | |
JP2010018480A (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物 | |
JP2005060190A (ja) | 誘電体磁器組成物および電子部品 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20100901 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20111118 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20111129 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20120127 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20121002 |
|
RD02 | Notification of acceptance of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422 Effective date: 20121129 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20130205 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20130218 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20160315 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5217405 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |