JP5263677B2 - アンモニア分解触媒、それを用いたアンモニア分解方法、およびアンモニア分解反応装置 - Google Patents
アンモニア分解触媒、それを用いたアンモニア分解方法、およびアンモニア分解反応装置 Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 244
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 121
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 84
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 12
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 and if necessary Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- GTCKPGDAPXUISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ru+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GTCKPGDAPXUISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012693 ceria precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XNDZQQSKSQTQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)CCC1 XNDZQQSKSQTQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJQCGZKKNASABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pt].[La].[Co] Chemical group [Pt].[La].[Co] PJQCGZKKNASABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXILMYSYIKRRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pt].[La].[Ni] Chemical group [Pt].[La].[Ni] OXILMYSYIKRRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZKDURCLMTYEER-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lanthanum Chemical compound [Co].[Co].[Co].[La] FZKDURCLMTYEER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004452 microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QBHQQYMEDGADCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium(2+);dinitrate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Zr+2]=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QBHQQYMEDGADCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Description
全自動比表面積測定装置を用いて、液体窒素温度(−196℃)におけるN2吸着を利用したBET一点法により算出した。
電界放射型走査透過顕微鏡(FE−STEM、(株)日立製作所製「HD−2000」)を用いて、ルテニウムまたはロジウムを担持させる前の複合酸化物粒子の金属原子の分散性を以下の方法により観察した。
硝酸アルミニウム9水和物0.2モル(75.1g)を2000mlのイオン交換水に添加し、プロペラ撹拌器で5分間撹拌して溶解した。この溶液にCeO2換算の濃度が28質量%の硝酸セリウム水溶液265g(CeO2換算で0.43モルに相当)を添加して5分間撹拌した。次いで、この混合水溶液に、硝酸ジルコニル2水和物0.068モル(18.1g)をイオン交換水30gに溶解した水溶液を添加して5分間撹拌した。得られた混合水溶液に25質量%のアンモニア水177gを添加して10分間撹拌し、沈殿物を含む水溶液を得た。この水溶液を2気圧の加圧下、120℃で2時間加熱処理し、沈殿物を熟成させた。
硝酸ルテニウム水溶液の代わりに硝酸ロジウム水溶液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセリア−ジルコニア−アルミナ複合酸化物を備える基材に基材1L当り4.8gのロジウムを担持させてモノリス触媒を調製した。
γ−アルミナ(日揮ユニバーサル(株)製、比表面積150m2/g)粉末100g、40質量%の硝酸アルミニウム水溶液17g、ベーマイト粉末5gおよび所定量のイオン交換水を混合し、この混合物をボールミルで所定の粒径まで粉砕してスラリーを得た。このスラリーを、直径30mm×長さ50mm、体積35mlのコージェライト製ハニカムモノリス基材に基材1L当り120gの割合で塗布した後、500℃で3時間焼成した。
硝酸ルテニウム水溶液の代わりに硝酸ロジウム水溶液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてγ−アルミナを備える基材に基材1L当り4.8gのロジウムを担持させてモノリス触媒を調製した。
実施例および比較例で得たモノリス触媒をそれぞれ内径30.5mmのステンレス製反応管に充填し、この反応管を固定床流通式反応装置に装着した。次に、このモノリス触媒の前に配置した容積100mlの予熱層に液体アンモニアを2L/分で供給した。この液体アンモニアは予熱層で気化してモノリス触媒に供給された。このときの空間速度は3400h−1であった。
図2に示した結果から、本発明のアンモニア分解触媒を使用しても電気炉の温度が400℃未満になるとアンモニアのみを触媒と接触させてもアンモニアの分解が起こらない傾向にあると推察される。そこで、電気炉の温度を200℃に設定し、アンモニア1モルに対して0.15モルの酸素を前記モノリス触媒に供給してアンモニアの分解反応を行ない、ガスクロマトグラフ法により出ガス中のH2の濃度を測定してアンモニア分解率を求めた。その結果を図3に示す。
Claims (10)
- セリアとアルミナとを含有し、セリアの含有量が50〜99質量%である複合酸化物からなる担体と、該担体に担持された長周期型周期表の8族〜10族に属する少なくとも1種の金属元素とを含有し、アンモニアを分解して水素を生成させるための触媒であることを特徴とするアンモニア分解触媒。
- 前記複合酸化物は、セリアとアルミナとがともにnmスケールで分散されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のアンモニア分解触媒。
- 前記複合酸化物を断面の直径が1nm以下の複数の微小領域に分割した場合に、全微小領域の90%以上において、微小領域内のセリウムおよびアルミニウムの含有率がそれぞれセリウムとアルミニウムの仕込み比率±20%の範囲内にあることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のアンモニア分解触媒。
- 前記複合酸化物は、さらにジルコニアを含有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のうちのいずれか一項に記載のアンモニア分解触媒。
- 前記複合酸化物は、ジルコニアがnmスケールで分散されたものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のアンモニア分解触媒。
- 前記複合酸化物を断面の直径が1nm以下の複数の微小領域に分割した場合に、全微小領域の90%以上において、微小領域内のジルコニウムの含有率がジルコニウムの仕込み比率±20%の範囲内にあることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のアンモニア分解触媒。
- 前記複合酸化物中のセリアとジルコニアの含有量の合計が50〜99質量%であることを特徴とする請求項4〜6のうちのいずれか一項に記載のアンモニア分解触媒。
- アンモニアを含むガスを請求項1〜7のうちのいずれか一項に記載のアンモニア分解触媒に接触させることを特徴とするアンモニア分解方法。
- 前記アンモニアを含むガスがさらに酸素を含むものであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のアンモニア分解方法。
- 請求項1〜7のうちのいずれか一項に記載のアンモニア分解触媒を備えることを特徴とするアンモニア分解反応装置。
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