JP5161777B2 - アクチビン受容体様キナーゼ−1に対するヒトモノクローナル抗体 - Google Patents
アクチビン受容体様キナーゼ−1に対するヒトモノクローナル抗体 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、アクチビン受容体様キナーゼ-1(ALK-1)の細胞外ドメイン(ECD)に結合するヒトモノクローナル抗体およびその抗原結合部分に関する。本発明はまた、そのような抗体および抗原結合部分をコードする核酸分子、ヒト抗ALK-1抗体および抗原結合部分を作製する方法、これらの抗体および抗原結合部分を含む組成物、ならびに抗体、抗原結合部分、および組成物を用いる方法にも関する。
ALK-1は、トランスフォーミング増殖因子β受容体1型(TGF-β-1)のI型細胞表面受容体である。ヒトALK-1は、アミノ酸503個のポリペプチドであり、これには、シグナル配列(アミノ酸:1〜21位)、N-末端細胞外TGF-β-1リガンド結合ドメイン、またはECD(アミノ酸22〜118位)、1回膜貫通ドメイン(アミノ酸119〜141位)、調節グリシン/セリンリッチ(GS)ドメイン(アミノ酸:142〜202位)、およびC-末端セリン-トレオニンキナーゼドメイン(202〜492位)が含まれる。Attisano et al. Cell, 1993, vol. 75, pp. 671-680において開示されるヒトALK-1のアミノ酸配列には、172位でセリンが含まれる(Genbank記録L17075)が、米国特許第6,316,217号は、172位でトレオニンを有するヒトALK-1のアミノ酸配列(Genbank記録NM_000020)を請求している。Attisanoらにおいて開示される完全長のヒトALK-1をコードするACVRL1遺伝子は、Invitrogen Inc.からクローンID IOH21048として市販されている。ALK-1は、他のI型受容体(ALK-2からALK-7まで)と60〜80%の全体的な相同性を共有するが、ALK-1のECDは、他のALKファミリーメンバーのECDと顕著に異なっている。たとえば、ヒトにおいてALK-2のECDのみがALK-1のECDに関連している(約25%アミノ酸同一性を有する)。米国特許第6,316,217号;ten Dijke et al. Oncogene, 1993, vol. 8, pp. 2879-2887;Attisano et al. Cell, 1993, vol. 75, pp. 671-680。
本発明は、霊長類ALK-1に結合する、好ましくは霊長類ALK-1のECDに結合する、より好ましくはヒトALK-1のECDに結合する、単離された中和性の抗ALK-1モノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合部分に関する。好ましい態様において、中和抗体は完全なヒトモノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合部分である。
定義および一般技術
本明細書において特に明記していなければ、本発明と結びつけて用いられる科学技術用語は、当業者によって一般的に理解される意味を有するであろう。さらに、本文がそうでないことを必要としている場合を除き、単数形には複数形が含まれ、複数形には単数形が含まれるであろう。一般的に、本明細書において記述される細胞および組織培養、分子生物学、免疫学、微生物学、遺伝学、タンパク質および核酸化学、ならびにハイブリダイゼーションと結びつけて用いられる命名法は、当技術分野において周知であり、一般的に用いられる。
本発明は、霊長類ALK-1、好ましくは霊長類ALK-1のECD、より好ましくはヒトALK-1のECDに結合する単離された中和抗ALK-1モノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合部分に関する。好ましい態様において、本発明は、完全なヒトモノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合部分である単離中和抗体に関する。好ましくは、ヒト抗体は、ALK-2〜ALK-7に対するよりALK-1に対して大きい親和性を有する組換え型ヒト抗ALK-1抗体である。いくつかの態様において、ヒト抗ALK-1抗体は、非ヒトトランスジェニック動物、たとえばトランスジェニック動物がヒト抗体を産生するようにそのゲノムがヒト免疫グロブリン遺伝子を含む齧歯類を免疫することによって産生される。本発明の様々な局面は、そのような抗体および抗原結合部分ならびにその薬学的組成物に関すると共に、そのような抗体および抗原結合部分を作製するための核酸、組換え型発現ベクター、および宿主細胞に関する。インビトロまたはインビボでALK-1/TGF-β-1/Smad1シグナル伝達経路を排除ために、またはALK-1を検出するために、本発明の抗体および抗原結合部分を作製する方法も同様に本発明に含まれる。
抗ALK-1抗体のクラスおよびサブクラスは、当技術分野において公知の任意の方法によって決定してもよい。一般的に、抗体のクラスおよびサブクラスは、特定のクラスおよびサブクラスの抗体に対して特異的である抗体を用いて決定してもよい。そのような抗体は市販されている。クラスおよびサブクラスはELISA、ウェスタンブロットと共に他の技術によって決定されうる。または、クラスおよびサブクラスは、抗体の重鎖および/または軽鎖の定常ドメインの全てまたは一部をシークエンシングする段階、そのアミノ酸配列を、様々なクラスおよびサブクラスの免疫グロブリンの公知のアミノ酸配列と比較する段階、ならびに抗体のクラスおよびサブクラスを決定する段階によって決定してもよい。
本発明は、ALK-1に結合して、(a)1.11.1;1.12.1;1.12.1(rWT);1.12.1(M29I/D19A);1.12.1(M29I);1.12.1(D19A);1.13.1;1.14.1;1.151.1;1.162.1;1.183.1;1.27.1;1.29.1;1.31.1;1.8.1;1.9.1;4.10.1;4.24.1;4.38.1;4.58.1;4.62.1;4.68.1;4.72.1;5.13.1;5.34.1;5.53.1;5.56.1;5.57.1;および5.59.1から選択される抗体;(b)SEQ ID NO: 6;10;14;18;22;26;30;34;38;42;46;50;54;58;62;66;70;74;78;82;86;90;または104のいずれか1つにおけるVHドメインのアミノ酸配列を有する重鎖可変ドメインを含む抗体、(c)SEQ ID NO: 8;12;16;20;24;28;32;36;40;44;48;52;56;60;64;68;72;76;80;84;88;92;または127のいずれか1つにおけるVLドメインのアミノ酸配列を有する軽鎖可変ドメインを含む抗体、および(d)(b)において定義される重鎖可変ドメインと(c)において定義される軽鎖可変ドメインの双方を含む抗体、と同じエピトープに競合する、交叉競合する、および/または結合するヒト抗ALK-1モノクローナル抗体を提供する。
抗ALK-1抗体またはその抗原結合部分のALK-1に対する結合親和性(KD)および解離速度定数(koff)は、当技術分野において公知の方法によって決定することができる。結合親和性は、ELISA、RIA、フローサイトメトリー、またはBIACORE(商標)のような表面プラズモン共鳴によって測定することができる。解離速度定数は表面プラズモン共鳴によって測定することができる。好ましくは結合親和性および解離速度定数は表面プラズモン共鳴によって測定される。より好ましくは結合親和性および解離速度定数は、BIACORE(商標)を用いて測定される。当技術分野において公知の方法を用いて抗体が抗ALK-1抗体と実質的に同じKDを有するか否かを決定することができる。KDおよびkoffを決定するそのような方法は、最初のスクリーニング段階と共にその後の最適化段階の際に用いることができる。
ALK-1結合を阻害する抗ALK-1モノクローナル抗体は、多くのアッセイを用いて同定することができる。たとえば、中和抗ALK-1抗体は、実施例12において記述されるように、ALK-1の下流の特異的標的遺伝子Id1のアップレギュレーションの阻害によって同定することができる。好ましい抗ALK-1抗体は、500 nM、300 nM、200 nM、150 nM、100 nM、50 nM、20 nM、10 nM、または1 nMに過ぎないIC50を有する。
もう1つの態様において、抗ALK-1抗体またはその一部は、実施例17において記述され、表13において示されるように、ヒトCD-31シグナルアッセイのIHC分析によって決定した場合に、ヒト黒色腫M24met腫瘍細胞を皮内に移植したヒト包皮組織植え付けSCIDマウスにおいて証明されるように、対照試料と比較して少なくとも40%の割合でヒト血管新生を阻害する。
本発明のもう1つの局面において、抗ALK-1抗体は、種および分子選択性の双方を示す。本明細書の教示に従って、当技術分野において周知の方法を用いて抗ALK-1抗体に関する種または分子選択性を決定してもよい。たとえば、ウェスタンブロット、表面プラズモン共鳴、たとえばBIAcore、ELISA、免疫沈降、またはRIAを用いて種選択性を決定してもよい。
ALK-1免疫原
いくつかの態様において、ALK-1免疫原または抗原は、単離および/または精製ALK-1である。いくつかの態様において、ALK-1免疫原はヒトALK-1である。好ましい態様において、ALK-1免疫原はヒトALK-1のECDである。ヒトALK-1またはその抗原部分は、当業者に周知の方法に従って調製することができる、または販売元から購入することができる。ヒトALK-1アミノ酸およびヌクレオチド配列は公知である(たとえば、Genbank記録アクセッション番号L17075を参照されたい)。完全長のALK-1をコードするACVRL1遺伝子は、Invitrogen Inc.から市販されており Clone ID IOH21048である。たとえば、R&D Systems, Inc.は、そのDNA配列がマウス骨髄腫細胞株においてポリペプチドリンカーをコードするDNA配列によってヒトIgGのFc領域をコードするDNA配列に融合している、ALK-1のECDアミノ酸残基1〜118位をコードするDNA配列の発現によって調製された、組換え型ヒトALK-1/Fcキメラ(カタログ番号370-AL)を販売している。組換え型成熟ヒトALK-1/Fcキメラは、アミノ末端でAsp 22を有するジスルフィド結合ホモ二量体タンパク質である。さらに、実施例1は、本発明に従う抗ALK-1抗体を産生するハイブリドーマの作製のために用いられているALK-1 ECD His-Tagタンパク質の調製を記述している。
いくつかの態様において、ヒト抗体は、そのゲノムにおいてヒト免疫グロブリン重鎖および軽鎖座の一部または全てを含む非ヒトトランスジェニック動物を、ALK-1抗原によって免疫することによって作製される。好ましい態様において、非ヒト動物は、XENOMOUSE(登録商標)動物 (Abgenix, Inc., Fremont, CA)である。
動物をALK-1抗原によって免疫した後、抗体および/または抗体産生細胞を動物から得ることができる。いくつかの態様において、抗ALK-1抗体含有血清は、採血することによって、または動物を屠殺することによって動物から得られる。血清は、動物から得られたまま用いてもよく、免疫グロブリン分画を血清から得てもよく、または抗ALK-1抗体を血清から精製してもよい。
核酸
本発明はまた、抗ALK-1抗体またはその抗原結合断片をコードする核酸分子を含む。いくつかの態様において、異なる核酸分子は、抗ALK-1免疫グロブリンの重鎖および軽鎖をコードする。他の態様において、同じ核酸分子が、抗ALK-1免疫グロブリンの重鎖および軽鎖をコードする。
本発明は、本発明の抗ALK-1抗体の重鎖またはその抗原結合部分をコードする核酸分子を含むベクターを提供する。本発明はまた、そのような抗体またはその抗原結合部分の軽鎖をコードする核酸分子を含むベクターも提供する。本発明はさらに、融合タンパク質、改変抗体、抗体断片、およびそのプローブをコードする核酸分子を含むベクターを提供する。
抗ALK-1抗体をコードする核酸およびこれらの核酸分子を含むベクターは、適した哺乳動物、植物、細菌、または酵母宿主細胞のトランスフェクションのために用いることができる。形質転換は、宿主細胞にポリヌクレオチドを導入するための任意の公知の方法によって行うことができる。異種ポリヌクレオチドを哺乳動物細胞に導入するための方法は当技術分野において周知であり、これにはデキストラン媒介トランスフェクション、リン酸カルシウム沈殿、ポリブレン媒介トランスフェクション、プロトプラスト融合、電気穿孔、リポソームにおけるポリヌクレオチドの封入、および核へのDNAの直接マイクロインジェクションが含まれる。さらに、核酸分子をウイルスベクターによって哺乳動物細胞に導入してもよい。細胞を形質転換する方法は当技術分野において周知である。たとえば、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる、米国特許第4,399,216号、第4,912,040号、第4,740,461号、および第4,959,455号を参照されたい。植物細胞を形質転換する方法は、たとえばアグロバクテリウム(Agrobacterium)媒介形質転換、バイオリスティック(biolistic)形質転換、直接注入、電気穿孔およびウイルス形質転換を含み、当技術分野において周知である。細菌および酵母細胞を形質転換する方法も同様に、当技術分野において周知である。
本発明の抗ALK-1抗体はまた、関心対象の免疫グロブリン重鎖および軽鎖配列に関してトランスジェニックである哺乳動物または植物の作製、ならびにそこから回収可能な型での抗体の産生を通してトランスジェニックにより産生することができる。哺乳動物におけるトランスジェニック産生と組み合わせて、抗ALK-1抗体はヤギ、ウシ、または他の哺乳動物の乳汁において産生され、そこから回収することができる。たとえば、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる、米国特許第5,827,690号、第5,756,687号、第5,750,172号、および第5,741,957号を参照されたい。いくつかの態様において、ヒト免疫グロブリン座を含む非ヒトトランスジェニック動物は、先に記述されるようにALK-1またはその免疫原性部分によって免疫される。植物において抗体を作製するための方法は、たとえば参照により本明細書に組み入れられる、U.S. patents 6,046,037および5,959,177において記述されている。
本発明は、ファージ上でヒト抗体ライブラリを合成する段階、ALK-1またはその抗体結合部分によってライブラリをスクリーニングする段階、ALK-1に結合するファージを単離する段階、およびファージから抗体を得る段階を含む、抗ALK-1抗体またはその抗原結合部分を産生するための方法を提供する。例として、ファージディスプレイ技術において用いるための抗体のライブラリを調製するための1つの方法は、ALK-1またはその抗原性部分によってヒト免疫グロブリン座を含む非ヒト動物を免疫して免疫応答を作製する段階、免疫した動物から抗体産生細胞を抽出する段階、本発明の抗体の重鎖および軽鎖をコードするRNAを単離する段階、RNAを逆転写してcDNAを産生する段階、プライマーを用いてcDNAを増幅する段階、および抗体がファージ上で発現されるようにcDNAをファージディスプレイベクターに挿入する段階を含む。本発明の組換え型抗ALK-1抗体はこのようにして得てもよい。
本発明のもう1つの局面において、抗体は、たとえばPCT公報WO98/52976およびWO00/34317(参照により本明細書に組み入れられる)において記述される技術を用いて、その免疫原性を低減させるように脱免疫されてもよい。
もう1つの態様において、核酸分子、ベクター、および宿主細胞を用いて変異した抗ALK-1抗体を作製してもよい。抗体は、たとえば抗体の結合特性を変化させるために、重鎖および/または軽鎖の可変ドメインにおいて変異させてもよい。たとえば、変異は、ALK-1に関する抗体のKDを増加もしくは減少させるために、koffを増加もしくは減少させるために、または抗体の結合特異性を変化させるために、CDR領域の1つまたは複数において行ってもよい。部位特異的変異誘発における技術は、当技術分野において周知である。たとえば、Sambrook et al.およびAusubel et al.、前記を参照されたい。もう1つの態様において、モノクローナル抗体1.11.1;1.12.1;1.12.1(rWT);1.12.1(M29I/D19A);1.12.1(M29I);1.12.1(D19A);1.13.1;1.14.1;1.151.1;1.162.1;1.183.1;1.27.1;1.29.1;1.31.1;1.8.1;1.9.1;4.10.1;4.24.1;4.38.1;4.58.1;4.62.1;4.68.1;4.72.1;5.13.1;5.34.1;5.53.1;5.56.1;5.57.1;または5.59.1における生殖系列と比較して変化していることが知られているアミノ酸残基で1つまたは複数の変異を作製する。変異は、可変ドメインのCDR領域もしくはフレームワーク領域、または定常ドメインにおいて作製してもよい。好ましい態様において、変異は可変ドメインにおいて作製される。いくつかの態様において、SEQ ID NO: 2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24、26、28、30、32、34、36、38、40、42、44、46、48、50、52、54、56、58、60、62、64、66、68、70、72、74、76、78、80、82、84、86、88、90、92、もしくは127の、またはその核酸配列がSEQ ID NO: 1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19、21、23、25、27、29、31、33、35、37、39、41、43、45、47、49、51、53、55、57、59、61、63、65、67、69、71、73、75、77、79、81、83、85、87、89、91、95、102、もしくは126において示されるアミノ酸配列の可変ドメインのCDR領域またはフレームワーク領域における生殖系列と比較して変化していることがわかっているアミノ酸残基で1つまたは複数の変異を作製する。
もう1つの態様において、もう1つのポリペプチドに連結した本発明の抗ALK-1抗体の全てまたは一部を含む融合抗体またはイムノアドヘシンを作製してもよい。好ましい態様において、抗ALK-1抗体の可変ドメインのみがポリペプチドに連結される。もう1つの好ましい態様において、抗ALK-1抗体のVHドメインは、第一のポリペプチドに連結され、抗ALK-1抗体のVLドメインは、VHおよびVLドメインが互いに相互作用して抗原結合部位を形成することができるように、第一のポリペプチドに会合する第二のポリペプチドに連結する。もう1つの好ましい態様において、VHドメインは、VHおよびVLドメインが互いに相互作用することができるようにリンカーによってVLドメインから離れている(以下の一本鎖抗体の章を参照されたい)。次に、VHリンカー-VL抗体を関心対象ポリペプチドに連結させる。さらに、2つ(またはそれより多い)一本鎖抗体が互いに連結している融合抗体を作製することができる。これは、1つのポリペプチド鎖において二価もしくは多価抗体を作製したい場合、または二重特異的抗体を作製したい場合には、有用である。
本発明の抗ALK-1抗体または抗原結合部分は、誘導体化されうる、またはもう1つの分子(たとえば、もう1つのペプチドまたはタンパク質)に連結することができる。一般的に、抗体またはその一部は、ALK-1結合が誘導体化または標識によって有害な影響を受けないように誘導体化される。したがって、本発明の抗体および抗体の一部には、本明細書において記述されるヒト抗ALK-1抗体の無傷および改変型の双方が含まれると意図される。たとえば、本発明の抗体または抗体の一部は、もう1つの抗体(たとえば、二重特異的抗体または二重特異性抗体)、検出物質、薬剤、および/または抗体または抗体の一部ともう1つの分子(ストレプトアビジンコア領域またはポリヒスチジンタグのような)との会合を媒介することができるタンパク質またはペプチドのような1つまたは複数の他の分子実体に機能的に(化学カップリング、遺伝子融合、非共有結合またはそれ以外によって)連結することができる。
本発明はまた、ヒトを含む哺乳動物における望ましくない増加した血管新生に関連する状態を処置するために有効である、本明細書において記述される抗ALK-1抗体またはその抗原結合部分の量と、薬学的に許容される担体とを含む、そのような状態を処置するための薬学的組成物にも関する。
抗ALK-1抗体またはその抗原結合部分は、インビトロまたはインビボで生物学的試料においてALK-1を検出するための診断法において用いることができる。たとえば、抗ALK-1抗体は、ELISA、RIA、フローサイトメトリー、組織免疫組織化学、ウェスタンブロット、または免疫沈殿が含まれるがこれらに限定されるわけではない従来のイムノアッセイにおいて用いることができる。本発明の抗ALK-1抗体は、ヒトからのALK-1を検出するために用いることができる。抗ALK-1抗体はまた、他の霊長類、たとえばカニクイザルからのALK-1を検出するために用いることができる。
もう1つの態様において、本発明は、それを必要とする患者に抗ALK-1抗体を投与することによってALK-1活性を阻害するための方法を提供する。本明細書において記述される任意の抗体またはその抗原結合部分を治療的に用いてもよい。好ましい態様において、抗ALK-1抗体はヒト、キメラ、またはヒト化抗体である。もう1つの好ましい態様において、抗ALK-1抗体はヒト抗体であって、患者はヒト患者である。または、患者は抗ALK-1抗体が交叉反応するALK-1を発現する哺乳動物であってもよい。抗体は、獣医学目的のために、またはヒト疾患の動物モデルとして抗体が交叉反応する(たとえば、カニクイザル)ALK-1を発現する非ヒト哺乳動物に投与されてもよい。そのような動物モデルは、本発明の抗体の治療的有効性を評価するために有用となる可能性がある。
本発明はまた、異常な細胞成長を処置するために有効である、本明細書において記述される抗ALK-1抗体またはその抗原結合部分の治療的有効量を哺乳動物に投与する段階を含む、ヒトを含む哺乳動物における異常な細胞成長を処置するための方法に関する。
本発明の化合物およびそれらを含む薬学的組成物は、加齢性黄斑変性および脈絡膜新生血管形成、糖尿病性網膜症、緑内障、色素性網膜炎等のような眼の後方部分に罹患する他の疾患による重度の視力喪失を処置するために有用である。
本発明の抗体および抗体部分をコードする核酸分子は、それを必要とする患者に遺伝子治療によって投与することができる。治療はインビボまたはエクスビボのいずれかであってもよい。好ましい態様において、重鎖および軽鎖の双方をコードする核酸分子を患者に投与する。より好ましい態様において、核酸分子は、B細胞が抗体を産生するために特殊化されていることから、それらがB細胞の染色体に安定に組み入れられるように投与される。好ましい態様において、前駆体B細胞をエクスビボでトランスフェクトまたは感染させて、それを必要とする患者に再度移植する。もう1つの態様において、前駆体B細胞または他の細胞を、関心対象となる細胞タイプに感染することが知られているウイルスを用いてインビボで感染させる。遺伝子治療のために用いられる典型的なベクターには、リポソーム、プラスミド、およびウイルスベクターが含まれる。例としてのウイルスベクターはレトロウイルス、アデノウイルス、およびアデノ随伴ウイルスである。インビボまたはエクスビボのいずれかで感染後、処置患者からの試料を採取して、当技術分野において公知または本明細書において考察される任意のイムノアッセイを用いて、抗体発現レベルをモニターすることができる。
1つの態様において、本発明は、実施例12において記述されるId1のTaqmanアッセイのような、物質がALK-1の下流の特異的標的遺伝子、Id1のアップレギュレーションを阻害するか否かを決定するための方法を提供する。方法は、Id1を発現する細胞の試料を物質に接触させる段階、およびId1発現が阻害されるか否かを決定する段階を含み、対照細胞試料と比較して物質に接触させた細胞試料におけるId1発現のレベルが低減すれば、該物質がId1発現を阻害することが示される。1つの特異的態様において、物質は、ALK-1の細胞外ドメインに結合する抗体である。もう1つの態様において、物質は低分子である。本発明に従って、細胞は、実施例12において記述されるHUVECsのようにALK-1およびId1の双方を固有に発現することができ、またはこれらの1つもしくは双方をコードするDNAによって形質転換もしくはトランスフェクトされている。たとえば実施例12において記述されるId1に関するTaqmanアッセイを用いることによってId1の発現を決定することができる。
以下の実施例および調製物において、「MW」は、分子量を意味する;「His-Tag」は、ニッケルキレート樹脂による迅速な精製および抗His(C-末端)抗体による検出のためのC-末端ポリヒスチジン(6×His)タグを意味する;「BSA」は、ウシ血清アルブミンを意味する;「EDTA」はエチレンジアミン四酢酸を意味する;「DMSO」はジメチルスルホキシドを意味する;「MOPS」は、3-(N-モルホリノ)プロパンスルホン酸を意味する;「MES」は、2-(N-モルホリノ)エタンスルホン酸を意味する;「PBS」はリン酸緩衝生理食塩液を意味する;「dPBS」はダルベッコリン酸緩衝生理食塩液を意味する;「HEMA」は、2-ヒドロキシ-エチルメタクリレートを意味する;「DMEM」はダルベッコ改変イーグル培地を意味する;「FBS」は、ウシ胎児血清を意味する;「NEAA」は非必須アミノ酸を意味する;「HEPES」は、N-2-ヒドロキシエチルピペラジン-N'-2-エタンスルホン酸を意味する;および「DMF」は、ジメチルホルムアミドを意味する。
ALK-1のECDを、フォワード
およびリバース
プライマーを用いるPCRによって、完全長のヒトALK-1 ORFクローン(Invitrogen、クローンID IOH21048)からクローニングした。PCR産物を精製して、SfiIおよびHindIII制限酵素によって処置して、哺乳動物発現ベクターpSecTag2/Hygro(Invitrogen Inc、カタログ番号V910-20)のSfiI/HindIII部位にクローニングした。クローンを用いて、Fugene 6トランスフェクション試薬(Roche Applied Science, カタログ番号1814443)によって製造元の説明書に従って293T細胞に一過性にトランスフェクトさせた。分泌された標的タンパク質を含む細胞培養からの上清を、トランスフェクション後72時間目に採取して、Ni-NTA樹脂(QIAGEN、カタログ番号30430)に4℃で終夜結合させた。次に、樹脂を20 mMトリスpH 8.0、25 mMイミダゾール、および300 mM塩化ナトリウムを含む緩衝液によって洗浄した。His-Tagタンパク質を、20 mMトリスpH 8.0、300 mMイミダゾール、および300 mM塩化ナトリウムを含む緩衝液を用いて樹脂から溶出させた。CMセファロース陽イオン交換樹脂を用いて、20 mMリン酸ナトリウム(pH 7.0)においてタンパク質をさらに精製して、標的タンパク質を含む未結合分画を採取した。タンパク質を透析によってPBSまたは10 mM HEPES、pH7.4プラス150 mM塩化ナトリウムに緩衝液交換して、0.2〜1 mg/mlに濃縮して、クーマシーブルーによって染色したSDS PAGEゲルによって判断すると、最終純度は>90%であった。ALK-1 ECD His-Tagタンパク質は、タンパク質の理論的分子量11 kDaと比較すると、見かけの分子量26 kDaとなり、強くグリコシル化された。ALK-1 ECD His-Tagタンパク質(SEQ ID NO: 98)は、実施例2において記述されるように、抗ALK-1抗体を産生するハイブリドーマの生成のために用いられている。ヒトALK-1 ECD His-Tagタンパク質:遺伝子配列(小文字の部分は分泌シグナルである):
タンパク質配列:
8〜10週齢のXENOMOUSE(登録商標)マウスを、組換え型ヒトALK-1/Fcキメラ(R&D Systems, Inc.、カタログ番号370-AL)または実施例1において記述されるALK-1 ECD His-Tagタンパク質のいずれかによって10μg/マウスでその後足に免疫した。この用量を3〜5週間の間に5〜7回繰り返した。融合の3または4日前に、マウスにPBSにおいて免疫原の最終注射を行った。免疫したマウスからのリンパ節リンパ球を、電気的細胞融合によって非分泌性の骨髄腫P3-X63-Ag8.653細胞株(ATCCカタログ番号CRL 1580)に融合させ、これらの融合細胞を既に記述されているようにHA-DMEM選択に供した(DMEM/15%FBS/1%200 mM L-グルタミン/1%100×非必須アミノ酸/1%100×Pen/Strep/10 U/ml IL-6/1バイアル/L OPI培地添加剤プラス0.5×HA(アザセリン-ヒポキサンチン、Sigma、カタログ番号A9666))。ALK-1特異的ヒトIgG2抗体を全て分泌するハイブリドーマのパネルを回収した。
本発明に従って産生された抗体の構造を分析するために、抗ALK-1モノクローナル抗体を産生するハイブリドーマから重鎖および軽鎖断片をコードする核酸をクローニングした。クローニングおよびシークエンシングは標準的な手段によって行った。
抗体の核酸配列および予想アミノ酸配列から、各抗体鎖に関する遺伝子の利用を同定した。表3は、本発明に従う抗体の選択されたハイブリドーマクローンの遺伝子利用を述べる。
1.12.1(M29I/D19A)のFab断片を、パパインを用いて1.12.1(M29I/D19A)IgG1を消化することによって調製した。プロテインA精製完全長1.12.1(M29I/D19A)IgG1を、30 mMリン酸ナトリウム(pH 7.0)、2 mMシステインを含む緩衝液において、パパイン(VWR)と共に1:50の比率(パパイン:タンパク質)で37℃で2〜3時間インキュベートした。消化混合物をプロテインAミニカラムに適用して、非消化完全長タンパク質およびFc断片を除去した。非結合Fabをフロースルー分画において回収した。サイズ排除カラム(Superdex 200, Amersham Pharmacia Biotech)を用いてFabタンパク質をさらに精製して、緩衝液をPBSに交換した。タンパク質溶液をDetoxiゲル(PIERCE)およびVivapure Mini Qイオン交換カラム(VivaScience)の中に適用することによって、エンドトキシンを除去した。タンパク質を、0.2μmシリンジフィルターによって濾過して、エンドトキシンレベルをLAL発熱物質キット(Cambrex)によって試験した。最終精製タンパク質は濃度2〜3 mg/mlであり、エンドトキシンレベルは<0.1 EU/mgであり、純度は>95%であった。1.12.1(M29I/D19A)Fab断片は、エレクトロスプレー質量分析によって示されるように、非還元状態で分子量47,347を有する。エドマンN-末端シークエンシング分析により、軽鎖N-末端配列EIVLTQSPG(SEQ ID NO: 113)、および重鎖配列QVQLQESG(SEQ ID NO: 114)がそれぞれ、確認された。
BIACORE(商標)3000機器を用いる表面プラズモン共鳴による精製抗ALK-1抗体の結合力測定は、製造元のプロトコールを用いて以下のように行った。
BIACORE(商標)3000機器を用いる表面プラズモン共鳴による精製抗ALK-1抗体の親和性測定を、製造元のプロトコールを用いて以下のように行った。
* 1.12.1(M29I/D19A)(1)および(2)に関する2つの親和性定数は、異なる2つの表面を用いて得た。
BIACORE(商標)3000機器を用いる表面プラズモン共鳴による精製抗ALK-1抗体の親和性測定(KDおよびkoff)を、製造元のプロトコールを用いて以下のように実施した。
BIACORE(商標)3000機器(Biacore International AB, Uppsala, Sweden and Piscataway, N.J.)を用いて製造元のプロトコールに従って、交叉競合実験を行った。
カニクイザル(「Cyno」)ALK-1遺伝子をCyno肺組織から抽出した。ヒトALK-1に関して公表された遺伝子配列(Genebank記録L17075)に基づいて、完全長のカニクイザルALK-1をPCR増幅するためにプライマーを設計した。mRNA精製キット(Ambion、カタログ番号1915)を用いて、製造元の説明書に従って凍結切除したカニクイザル肺組織(約1 g)からmRNAを調製した。遺伝子特異的オリゴ:
を利用するOneStep RT-PCRキット(Qiagen、カタログ番号210210)を用いてアニール温度61℃で、mRNA 200 ngを逆転写してPCR増幅した。適当な大きさ(〜1.5 Kb)のRT-PCR産物を切除して電気泳動後の0.9%アガロースゲルから精製した後、TOPO-TAをpCR4-TOPOベクター(Invitrogen、カタログ番号K4575-01)にクローニングした。インサートをシークエンシングして、カニクイザルALK-1のORFヌクレオチド配列を得た。ヌクレオチドおよび予想翻訳アミノ酸配列をそれぞれ、SEQ ID NO: 93よび94に示す。遺伝子の細胞質部分はCynoとヒトの間で同一のタンパク質配列をコードするが、細胞外ドメイン(ECD、22〜118位を含む)においてアミノ酸5個の差、およびタンパク質の膜貫通ドメインにおいてアミノ酸1個の差を認める。ヒトおよびCynoのECD配列同一性は94.8%である。ヒトおよび霊長類ECDのアラインメントを図2に示す。
フローサイトメトリー(FACS)を用いる抗ALK-1結合親和性を試験するために用いることができるALK-1過剰発現細胞株を生成するために、完全長のヒト、Cyno、およびラットALK-1遺伝子をInvitrogen(カタログ番号K6510-20)のpcDNA5/FRT/To TOPOベクターにクローニングして、293 Flp-In T-Rex宿主細胞(Invitrogen、カタログ番号R780-07)にそれぞれトランスフェクトした。ヒグロマイシンを用いて選択を行い、最終的に安定な細胞株を得た。それぞれの完全長ALK-1タンパク質の過剰発現は、37℃/5%CO2で24時間のテトラサイクリン(2μg/ml)誘導によって得た。
HUVECs(Biowhittaker、カタログ番号CC-2519)を、完全HUVEC培地(EGM-2 Bullet kit, Biowhittaker、カタログ番号CC-3162)600μlにおいて細胞1200個/ウェルで24ウェルプレートに播種して、終夜成長させた。翌日、細胞は典型的に50%コンフルエントであった。完全培地を除去して、枯渇培地(0.2%FBSのみを含むEBM-2)200μlを加えた。細胞を2時間インキュベートした。次に、細胞を抗体のPBS溶液40μlによって処置した。凍結乾燥Abを滅菌PBSによって溶解した。最後に、細胞を1%FBS/基本培地(最終濃度)によって30分間処置して、培地を除去し、細胞をRTL緩衝液(Rneasy 96キット、Qiagen、カタログ番号74182)400μlにおいて製造元のプロトコールに従って溶解した。次に、RNeasyキットを用いて(製造元の説明書に従って)RNAを調製した。RNAを、RiboGreen(登録商標)RNA定量キット(Molecular probes、カタログ番号R-11490)によって溶出および定量した。総RNAの等量をリアルタイムPCR分析のために用いて、Id1 RNA発現を検出した(ABI 7900機器)。Taqman One Step PCR Master Mixキット(ABI、カタログ番号4309169)および以下に記載するID1プライマー/プローブ配列を用いてPCRを行った。PCRは、以下のアニーリングおよび増幅条件40サイクルを用いて行った:95℃で15秒、60℃で1分。
TaqManプローブ:CPG-共役5'-6-FAMおよび3'-TAMRA。
名称:ID1-プローブ
配列:
Taqman PCRプライマー:
名称:ID1-F
配列:
名称:ID1-R
配列:
HUVECs(Biowhittaker、カタログ番号CC-2519)を24ウェルプレートにおいて、完全HUVEC培地(EGM-2 Bulletキット、Biowhittaker、カタログ番号CC-3162)600μlにおいて1800個/ウェルで播種して、終夜成長させた。翌日、細胞は典型的に50%コンフルエントであった。完全培地を除去して、枯渇培地(枯渇培地:0.2%FBSのみを含むEBM-2)200μlを加えた。細胞を2時間インキュベートした。次に、細胞を抗体のPBS溶液40μlによって3時間処置した。最後に、細胞を0.3×完全培地(最終濃度)によって35分間処置した。培地を除去し、細胞を1.1×試料緩衝液(Invitrogen、カタログ番号NP0007)80μlにおいて溶解した。リン酸化Smad1を、X Cell Surelock Mini-Cell & Blot Module(Invitrogen、カタログ番号EI0002)を用いてウェスタンブロッティングによって定量した。リン酸化Smad1をウサギ抗リン-Smad1抗体(Cell Signaling、カタログ番号9511)を用いて検出し、次にこれをIRDye(商標)800共役抗ウサギIgG(Rockland Immunochemicals、カタログ番号611-732-127)によって検出した。リン酸化Smad1の量はOdyssey赤外線イメージャー(Li-Cor)を用いて定量した。アクチン(Santa Cruz、カタログ番号sc-8432)を標準化のために用いた(抗マウスAlex 680、Molecular Probe、カタログ番号A-21058)。このアッセイに関する平均IC50値の要約を表11に示す。IC50決定は全て3連で行った。
FACSを用いて中和抗体と共に残っている細胞表面受容体ALK-1の時間経過をモニターした。残っている細胞表面ALK-1を、細胞表面ALK-1に結合することができるが、中和抗体の異なるエピトープも認識することができる、マーカー抗体によってモニターする。マウス抗ヒトALK-1 ECD mAb(R&D systems、カタログ番号AF310)を同定して、マーカー抗体として試験に用いた。
H-C Yan, et al "Human/Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mouse Chimeras, An Experimental In Vivo Model System to Study the Regulation of Human Endothelial Cell-Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules", J. Clin. Invest. 91 :986, 1993;J. Varner "Regulation of Angiogenesis in Vivo by Ligation of Integrin a5b1 with the Central Cell-Binding Domain of Fibronectin" Amer. J. Path.156 (4):1345, 2000;K. Tahtis, et al "Expression and Targeting of Human Fibroblast Activation Protein in a Human Skin/Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mouse Breast Cancer Xenograft Model" Mol. Cancer. Ther. 2(8):729, 2003によって既に公表されている技法に対して、手術技法の有意な改変を行った。National Disease Research Institute and Cooperative Human Tissue Networkから到着後、ヒト包皮片の不健康な部分を除去してペニシリンおよびストレプトマイシン(Gibco/Life Tech、カタログ番号15070-063)を添加したRPMI培地(Cellgro/Mediatech、カタログ番号MT- 15-040-CV)(RPMI 500 mlにpen/strep保存溶液5 mlを加える)に移した。滅菌ペトリ皿においてメスおよびカッティングを用いて、切れ端および結合組織を除去して皮膚を約8×13 mmの卵形にして、湿潤氷中で手術まで保存した。100 mg/mlケタミン(Ketaset(商標)、Fort Dodge Animal Health)/1 mg/mlメデトミジン(Pfizer Animal Health - Dormitor)溶液の適当量(4μL/g動物)をscidマウスの腹部(すなわち、45度の角度で皮膚の下であるが内部に深すぎない)に腹腔内注射した。麻酔後、マウスに眼の潤滑液を適用して、ケトプロフェン(10 mg/kg, Fort Dodge Animal Health)を皮下注射して、手術部位の毛を刈った。手術領域をClorahexiderm(Butler, Chclo-Scrub 40、カタログ番号WAB20109)を用いて外科的に3回洗浄して、手術部位の中心から外側に向けて汚れた領域からきれいな領域に戻らないように円形に動かしてアルコールによって洗浄した。マウスを準備された手術用フードに移し、37℃に維持された加熱した水パッド(Gaymar Industries、カタログ番号TP500 T/Pump)に載せた。次に、マウスを手術期間中イソフルオリン麻酔下に置いた。マウスの背部を、手術部位を曝露するように切断された手術用布で覆った。マウスの皮膚を鉗子でつまんで卵形の皮膚組織をわん曲したはさみによって1回の動きで切り取った。適当な大きさのヒト包皮をマウスの上に載せた。ヒトおよびマウス皮膚をEthilon縫合糸(Ethicon、カタログ番号697H)を用いて、卵形の上部から開始して下部、次に最も遠い右側および最も遠い左側まで縫合した。組織をしっかり固定するためにより多くのステッチを行った。皮膚周囲にほぼ等間隔で8回のステッチを行った。手術の際に、皮膚/マウス手術創傷が乾燥してくるとそれらを湿らせるために滅菌生理食塩液を有するシリンジを用いた。創傷周囲にバンドエイドを載せた。透明な包帯(3M Tegaderm(商標))を用いて絆創膏周囲を緩く巻いた。包帯はバンドエイドよりわずかに広い領域を覆うような大きさに切断した。次に、マウスにアチパメゾール(50-100μL、Pfizer Animal Health - Antisedan)を投与して、マウスを加熱ケージにおいて5〜10分間回復させた。包帯および絆創膏を7〜10日目に除去して、15日目までに皮膚のほとんどは痂皮のように見えた。完全な治癒は21〜28日の間に起こり、その後皮膚は腫瘍細胞を接種される準備ができた。図8に、術後の植え付けされた皮膚切片の組織学的(H&E染色)分析の例を示す。植え付けされた皮膚の組織学は、Tahtis, et al "Expression and Targeting of Human Fibroblast Activation Protein in a Human Skin/Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mouse Breast Cancer Xenograft Model" Mol. Cancer. Ther. 2(8):729, 2003によって記述されるマウスにおいて移植されたヒト皮膚の特徴を厳密に模倣する。h.e.:ヒト表皮層;h.d.:ヒト真皮層。
コラーゲンI保存溶液(カタログ番号354236、Becten-Dickinson)を、0.02 N酢酸によって4 mg/mlに希釈して、移植するまで氷中で維持した。酸性コラーゲン溶液(8等量)を10×M199(Sigma、カタログ番号M9163)(1等量)およびヒト血漿フィブロネクチン(Fn)(カタログ番号354008、Becten-Dickinson)と共に混合して、最終Fn濃度は90μl/mlに達した。NaOH(1.0 N)を加えてpHを〜7.2に調節した。コラーゲン/Fn混合物を、使用するまで氷中で維持した。ヒト大血管内皮細胞(HMVEC)を含むまたは含まない、上記のコラーゲン/Fn混合物プラス関心対象の血管新生阻害剤を用いて、移植混合物を調製した(Cascade Biologics、カタログ番号C-010-5C)。HMVECsをPBSにおいて細胞6×106個/mlとして調製した。移植混合物50〜100μlをscidキメラマウスの包皮の皮内に移植した。7〜14日後、コラーゲン栓を回収してOCT化合物(カタログ番号4583, Sajura Finetek, CA)に抱埋し、免疫組織化学分析のために瞬間凍結した。包皮におけるコラーゲン栓は、3色キット(カタログ番号KC1641、Mater Tech, CA)によって、図9(A)において示されるように青色の染色として同定された。ヒト血管を、抗ヒトCD-31抗体(Clone 13.3, Vector Laboratories)を用いてヒトP-CAMに関する染色によって同定した(図9(B))。表12は、包皮-SCIDキメラマウスにおけるコラーゲンモデルにおけるヒト血管染色および定量を要約する。
典型的に、術後5〜10日の移植年齢をこれらの試験において用いた。M24met細胞株は、Mueller and coworkers in "Tissue factor-initiated thrombin generation activates the signaling thrombin receptor on malignant melanoma cells", Cancer Research, 55(8): 1629-32, 1995によって記述された。M24met細胞浮遊液は以下のように調製した:80%コンフルエントM24met細胞を洗浄して、トリプシン/EDTA(Gibco、カタログ番号25200-056)を用いてトリプシン処置して、10%FBS(Cellgro/Mediatech、カタログ番号AKD-11775)および2 mM L-グルタミン(Cellgro/Mediatech、カタログ番号25-005-CI)を添加したRPMI(Cellgro/Mediatech、カタログ番号MT-15-040-CV)培地において回収した。細胞を600 rpmで5分間遠心して滅菌PBSに浮遊させた。コールターカウンター(Beckman Coulter, Model Z2)を用いて細胞数を推定した。細胞を600 rpmで5分間遠心して、コラーゲン/およびFn(3 mg/ml)混合物に浮遊させて、移植のための細胞浮遊液4×107個/mlを得た。
凍結組織切片を空気乾燥させて、アセトン(Fisher、カタログ番号A16S-4)において-20℃で10分間固定した。試料を再度空気乾燥させて、PBSにおいて各5分間3回洗浄した。試料を5%ウサギ血清(Vector Laboratories、カタログ番号S-5000)のPBS溶液において室温で30分間ブロックした。一次抗体混合物を5%ウサギ血清において抗ヒトCD-31抗体(Santa Cruz、カタログ番号SC1505)および抗マウスCD-31(Pharmingen, Clone Mec1 3.3、カタログ番号01951A)のそれぞれ1:100倍および1:150倍希釈によって調製した。上記の抗体混合物を組織試料に室温で1時間加えた。ブロックをPBSにおいて各5分間3回洗浄した後、二次抗体混合物と共に室温で1時間インキュベートした。二次抗体混合物をPBS/0.05%Tween-20(Sigma、カタログ番号P1379)、テキサスレッドウサギ抗ヤギ抗体(Jackson Labs、カタログ番号305-075-003)およびFITCウサギ抗ラット抗体(Jackson Labs、カタログ番号312-095-003)において調製した。凍結抗体を用いる場合には抗体を1:50倍希釈し、新鮮な抗体を用いる場合には1:100倍希釈した。スライドガラスを再度PBSにおいて各5分間3回洗浄した後、Vectashield(Hard Set, Mounting medium with DAPI, Vector Lab, CA、カタログ番号H-1500)に抱埋した。スライドガラスを画像分析まで暗所の4℃で維持した。画像分析は、Olympus BX60蛍光顕微鏡を用いて行い、Olympus microfireデジタルカラーカメラを用いて写真を撮影した。ホットスポット3〜5個/スライドガラス、スライドガラス1枚/動物、動物4〜7匹/群からの写真を得て、抗ヒトCD-31染色陽性によって示された血管面積を、Image Pro Plus v4.5(MediaCybernetics)を用いて3人が定量した。薬物動態エンドポイント(群の平均値)を、対照群と比較したヒトCD-31阻害百分率として、または総ヒト血管面積として表記した。統計学的有意性をANOVAによって決定した。ヒト包皮SCIDキメラマウスにおけるM24met腫瘍のヒト(赤色)およびマウス(緑色)血管の免疫蛍光画像を図10において示す。
凍結組織切片を空気乾燥させて、アセトンにおいて-20℃で10分間固定した。試料を再度空気乾燥させて、PBSによって2回各5分間洗浄した。試料を0.075%H2O2/メタノール(Fisher、カタログ番号A433-4)において15分間インキュベートして、PBSにおいて3回各5分間洗浄した。試料を5%ウサギ血清/PBSにおいて30分間ブロックして、5%ウサギ血清において抗ヒトCD-31抗体の1:100倍希釈液(Santa Cruz、カタログ番号SC1505)を室温で1時間適用した。試料をPBSにおいて2回各5分間洗浄して、1:200倍希釈のウサギ抗ヤギ抗体(Vector Labs、カタログ番号BA-5000)を室温で35分間適用した。スライドガラスをPBSにおいて2回各5分間洗浄して、新たに作製したストレプトアビジン(Vector Labs, ABC Elite kit、カタログ番号PK-6100)を加えた。スライドガラスを再度PBSにおいて2回各5分間洗浄した後、ジアミノベンジジン(DAB)(Vector Labs、カタログ番号SK-4100)において展開した。スライドガラスをPBSにおいて2回各5分間洗浄した後、Mayersヘマトキシリン(Sigma、カタログ番号HHS-32)を5秒間処置した。試料を脱イオン水において十分にすすいで、希釈した(脱イオン水1 L中に5 mlの保存液)水酸化アンモニウム溶液(Sigma、カタログ番号A-6899)に短く2回浸し、脱イオン水において再度すすいだ。試料を70%、90%および100%アルコール(Harleco、カタログ番号65347/85)において各1分間脱水して、最終的にキシレン(JT Baker、カタログ番号516,09)において脱水した。スライドガラスにCytoseal 60(Stephens Scientific、カタログ番号8310-4)を載せて、画像分析のためにカバーガラスで覆った。ヒト包皮-SCIDキメラマウスにおけるM24met腫瘍のヒト血管(茶色)のIHC画像を図11に示す。
処置のために、皮下(sc)または静脈内(iv)投与を行った。典型的に1.12.1(M29I/D19A)抗体1用量を各試験に関して投与した。必要であれば、ALK-1抗体の2回目の用量を9または10日目に投与した。時に、ヒト血管成長の用量依存的阻害を調べるために、多用量レベル、すなわち1、5、10、50 mg/kgを投与した。動物を毎日モニターして、腫瘍をキャリパーによって週に3回測定した。14〜17日までに、腫瘍は250〜350 mm3であり、これをマウスから摘出して、OCTに抱埋してIFまたはIHC分析のために凍結した。ヒト包皮SCIDキメラマウスにおける対照および1.12.1(M29I/D19A)処置(10 mg/kg)M24met腫瘍のヒト(赤色)およびマウス(緑色)血管の代表的な免疫蛍光画像を図12に示す。ヒト包皮SCIDキメラマウスモデルにおける1.12.1(M29I/D19A)によるヒト腫瘍血管の用量依存的な阻害を図13に示して、関連する試験の要約を表13に紹介する。
ヒト包皮SCIDキメラマウスにM24met細胞を皮内に移植して抗ALK-1抗体1.12.1(M29I/D19A)の1、3、5、7.5、10、および50 mg/kg、またはアイソタイプマッチ抗ヒトKLH抗体(10 mg/kg)によって処置した(sc)。実験の結論として、それぞれの腫瘍におけるヒト血管面積を先に記述したように定量した。抗ALK-1抗体1.12.1(M29I/D19A)のマウス血漿濃度を、以下に記述される方法を用いて測定した:マウスからの血清試料を、ELISA(酵素結合イムノソルベントアッセイ)によって抗ALK-1抗体1.12.1(M29I/D19A)濃度に関して分析した。ELISAプレートを10μg/mlヤギ抗ヒトIgG Fc特異的抗体(Pierce、カタログ番号31123)のPBS溶液によってコーティングして、4℃で終夜インキュベートした後、StartBlockブロッキング緩衝液(Pierce、カタログ番号37542)によって室温で1時間ブロックした。血清試料を分析の前にStartBlockブロッキング緩衝液において100倍および1000倍希釈した。2組の標準物質を100倍および100倍希釈したブランク血清において調製した。標準物質および希釈した血清試料をプレートにおいて1時間インキュベートした。結合した抗ALK-1抗体1.12.1(M29I/D19A)を西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)-標識ヤギ抗ヒトIgG(Fab特異的)抗体(Sigma、カタログ番号A0293)を用いて検出した。用いた基質は3,3',5,5'-テトラメチルベンジジン(Sigma、カタログ番号T8665)であった。Vmaxプレートリーダー(Molecular Devices, Menlo Park, CA)において450 nmで吸光度を読み取った。非直線回帰を用いて標準曲線を適合させた。このアッセイの検出限界は、抗ALK-1抗体1.12.1(M29I/D19A)10 ng/mlであった。
Claims (23)
- SEQ ID NO: 6の重鎖可変ドメインのCDR1、CDR2およびCDR3と、SEQ ID NO: 8の軽鎖可変ドメインのCDR1、CDR2およびCDR3とを含む、ALK-1に結合するモノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合部分。
- 前記抗体のV H およびV L ドメインが、それぞれ以下の配列:
SEQ ID NO:6および8;
SEQ ID NO:6および127;
SEQ ID NO:104および8;
SEQ ID NO:104および127;または
ATCCアクセッション番号PTA-6864において寄託された大腸菌クローンにおいて見いだされるプラスミドインサートのヌクレオチド配列によってコードされるV H アミノ酸配列、およびATCCアクセッション番号PTA-6865において寄託された大腸菌クローンにおいて見いだされるプラスミドインサートのヌクレオチド配列によってコードされるV L アミノ酸配列
を含む、請求項1記載の抗体または抗原結合部分。 - SEQ ID NO: 6を含む重鎖と、SEQ ID NO: 8を含む軽鎖とを含む、ALK-1に結合するモノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合部分。
- SEQ ID NO: 2の重鎖アミノ酸配列と、SEQ ID NO: 4の軽鎖アミノ酸配列とを含む、モノクローナル抗体。
- SEQ ID NO: 6の重鎖可変ドメインとSEQ ID NO: 8の軽鎖可変ドメインとを含む、請求項3記載の抗体または抗原結合部分。
- IgG1またはIgG2分子である、請求項3または5記載のモノクローナル抗体。
- 以下からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの特性を有する、請求項1記載の抗体または抗原結合部分:
a) 表面プラズモン共鳴によって測定した場合に結合力値5 nMまたはそれ未満で霊長類ALK-1の細胞外ドメインに結合すること;
b) 表面プラズモン共鳴によって測定した場合に結合力値250 pMまたはそれ未満でヒトALK-1の細胞外ドメインに結合すること;
c) 表面プラズモン共鳴によって測定した場合に、ヒトALK-1に関して5×10-3 s-1またはそれより小さいオフ・レート(off rate)(koff)を有すること;
d) フローサイトメトリーによって測定した場合にKD 50 nMまたはそれ未満で霊長類ALK-1に結合すること;
e) 1.5より大きいKD(齧歯類)/KD(霊長類)を有すること;
f) ALK-1の下流の特異的標的遺伝子Id1のアップレギュレーションの阻害によって測定した場合に150 nMまたはそれ未満のIC50を有すること;
g) ウェスタンブロッティングによって決定したSmad1リン酸化の阻害によって測定した場合に150 nMまたはそれ未満のIC50を有すること;
h) ヒトCD-31シグナルアッセイのIHC分析によって決定した場合に、ヒト黒色腫M24met腫瘍細胞が皮内に移植されたヒト包皮組織植え付けSCIDマウスにおけるヒト血管新生を、対照試料と比較して少なくとも40%阻害すること;
i) ヒトCD-31シグナルアッセイのIHC分析によって決定した場合に、コラーゲンが皮内に移植されたヒト包皮組織植え付けSCIDマウスにおけるヒト血管新生を、対照試料と比較して少なくとも50%阻害すること;
j) 1.12.1;1.12.1(M29I/D19A);1.12.1(M29I);1.12.1(D19A);および1.12.1(rWT)からなる群より選択される抗体と、ALK-1に対する結合に関して競合すること;
k) 1.12.1;1.12.1(M29I/D19A);1.12.1(M29I);1.12.1(D19A);および1.12.1(rWT)からなる群より選択される抗体とALK-1に対する結合に関して交叉競合すること;
l) 1.12.1;1.12.1(M29I/D19A);1.12.1(M29I);1.12.1(D19A);および1.12.1(rWT)からなる群より選択される抗体とALK-1の同じエピトープに結合すること;
m) 1.12.1;1.12.1(M29I/D19A);1.12.1(M29I);1.12.1(D19A);および1.12.1(rWT)からなる群より選択される抗体と実質的に同じKDでALK-1に結合すること;ならびに
n) 1.12.1;1.12.1(M29I/D19A);1.12.1(M29I);1.12.1(D19A);および1.12.1(rWT)からなる群より選択される抗体と実質的に同じkoffでALK-1に結合すること。 - SEQ ID NO: 6または104とアミノ酸配列が少なくとも90%同一であるVHドメインを含む、請求項1記載の抗体または抗原結合部分。
- SEQ ID NO: 8または127とアミノ酸配列が少なくとも90%同一であるVLドメインを含む、請求項1記載の抗体または抗原結合部分。
- 以下からなる群より選択される、請求項1記載の抗体または抗原結合部分:
a) SEQ ID NO: 6において記載されるVHドメイン、またはSEQ ID NO: 6とは少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換によって異なるVHドメインであって、少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換を有する該配列が非置換配列とアミノ酸配列において少なくとも90%同一であるVHドメイン、およびSEQ ID NO: 8において記載されるVLドメイン、またはSEQ ID NO: 8とは少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換によって異なるVLドメインであって、少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換を有する該配列が非置換配列とアミノ酸配列において少なくとも90%同一であるVLドメイン、を含む抗体またはその一部;
b) SEQ ID NO: 104において記載されるVHドメイン、またはSEQ ID NO: 104とは少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換によって異なるVHドメインであって、少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換を有する該配列が非置換配列とアミノ酸配列において少なくとも90%同一であるVHドメイン、およびSEQ ID NO: 127において記載されるVLドメイン、またはSEQ ID NO: 127とは少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換によって異なるVLドメインであって、少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換を有する該配列が非置換配列とアミノ酸配列において少なくとも90%同一であるVLドメイン、を含む抗体またはその一部;
c) SEQ ID NO: 6において記載されるVHドメイン、またはSEQ ID NO: 6とは少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換によって異なるVHドメインであって、少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換を有する該配列が非置換配列とアミノ酸配列において少なくとも90%同一であるVHドメイン、およびSEQ ID NO: 127において記載されるVLドメイン、またはSEQ ID NO: 127とは少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換によって異なるVLドメインであって、少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換を有する該配列が非置換配列とアミノ酸配列において少なくとも90%同一であるVLドメイン、を含む抗体またはその一部;ならびに
d) SEQ ID NO: 104において記載されるVHドメイン、またはSEQ ID NO: 104とは少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換によって異なるVHドメインであって、少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換を有する該配列が非置換配列とアミノ酸配列において少なくとも90%同一であるVHドメイン、およびSEQ ID NO: 8において記載されるVLドメイン、またはSEQ ID NO: 8とは少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換によって異なるVLドメインであって、少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換を有する該配列が非置換配列とアミノ酸配列において少なくとも90%同一であるVLドメイン、を含む抗体またはその一部。 - 抗体または抗原結合部分がヒトVH 4-31遺伝子を利用する重鎖を含む、または少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換がヒトVH 4-31遺伝子において起こり、少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換を有する該配列が非置換配列とアミノ酸配列において少なくとも90%同一である、請求項1記載の抗体または抗原結合部分。
- 抗体または抗原結合部分がヒトVK A27遺伝子を利用する軽鎖を含む、または少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換がヒトVK A27遺伝子において起こり、少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換を有する該配列が非置換配列とアミノ酸配列において少なくとも90%同一である、請求項1記載の抗体または抗原結合部分。
- IgG、IgM、IgE、IgA、もしくはIgD分子である、またはそれらに由来する、請求項1〜3、5および7〜10のいずれか一項記載の抗体。
- 誘導体化された、または他の分子に連結された、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項記載の抗体または抗原結合部分。
- 前記分子がペプチドまたはタンパク質である、請求項14記載の抗体または抗原結合部分。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項記載の抗体の重鎖もしくはその抗原結合部分、軽鎖もしくはその抗原結合部分、または両方をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む、単離核酸分子。
- SEQ ID NO: 1、3、5、7、95、101、103、126、128、または129のヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項16記載の単離核酸分子。
- ATCCアクセッション番号PTA-6808において寄託されているハイブリドーマ。
- 請求項18記載のハイブリドーマによって産生された抗体、該産生された抗体と同じアミノ酸配列を有する抗体、またはその抗原結合部分。
- 以下からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1記載の抗体または抗原結合部分:
a) SEQ ID NO: 2;
b) SEQ ID NO: 4;
c) SEQ ID NO: 6;
d) SEQ ID NO: 8;
e) SEQ ID NO: 100;
f) SEQ ID NO: 102;
g) SEQ ID NO: 104;
h) SEQ ID NO: 127;
i) ATCCアクセッション番号PTA-6864において寄託された大腸菌クローンにおいて見いだされるプラスミドインサートのヌクレオチド配列によってコードされるVHアミノ酸配列;および
j) ATCCアクセッション番号PTA-6865において寄託された大腸菌クローンにおいて見いだされるプラスミドインサートのヌクレオチド配列によってコードされるVLアミノ酸配列。 - 以下からなる群より選択される重鎖アミノ酸配列および軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含む、請求項20記載の抗体または抗原結合部分:
a) SEQ ID NO: 2の重鎖アミノ酸配列およびSEQ ID NO: 102の軽鎖アミノ酸配列;
b) SEQ ID NO: 100の重鎖アミノ酸配列およびSEQ ID NO: 4の軽鎖アミノ酸配列;ならびに
c) SEQ ID NO: 100の重鎖アミノ酸配列およびSEQ ID NO: 102の軽鎖アミノ酸配列。 - 請求項1〜15および19〜21のいずれか一項記載の抗体または抗原結合部分と、生理的に許容される担体とを含む、薬学的組成物。
- 請求項1〜15および19〜21のいずれか一項記載の抗体または抗原結合部分を含む、哺乳動物において血管新生を阻害するための組成物。
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