JP5093227B2 - 光学フィルム、光学フィルムの製造方法、偏光板及び液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
光学フィルム、光学フィルムの製造方法、偏光板及び液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5093227B2 JP5093227B2 JP2009506237A JP2009506237A JP5093227B2 JP 5093227 B2 JP5093227 B2 JP 5093227B2 JP 2009506237 A JP2009506237 A JP 2009506237A JP 2009506237 A JP2009506237 A JP 2009506237A JP 5093227 B2 JP5093227 B2 JP 5093227B2
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- 229940001496 tribasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- KQTIIICEAUMSDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricarballylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KQTIIICEAUMSDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOJYXHVSPGIQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclopentyl benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate Chemical compound C=1C(C(=O)OC2CCCC2)=CC(C(=O)OC2CCCC2)=CC=1C(=O)OC1CCCC1 JOJYXHVSPGIQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGVAHHCHMECJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclopentyl phosphate Chemical compound C1CCCC1OP(OC1CCCC1)(=O)OC1CCCC1 QJGVAHHCHMECJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUURXEIEPASPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclopropyl 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound C1CC1OC(=O)CC(C(=O)OC1CC1)(O)CC(=O)OC1CC1 UUURXEIEPASPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPYFCVVBZUCVKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC)=C1 CPYFCVVBZUCVKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEAPVABOECTMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl 2-acetyloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCC WEAPVABOECTMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(C)C RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTXMJHWSYUANCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4-ditert-butyl-5-methylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound C1=C(C(C)(C)C)C(C)=CC(OP(OC=2C(=CC(=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC=2C(=CC(=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1C(C)(C)C LTXMJHWSYUANCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRSPWQHUHVRNFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[3,5-di(nonyl)phenyl] phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC(OP(OC=2C=C(CCCCCCCCC)C=C(CCCCCCCCC)C=2)OC=2C=C(CCCCCCCCC)C=C(CCCCCCCCC)C=2)=C1 WRSPWQHUHVRNFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004043 trisaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/10—Esters of organic acids, i.e. acylates
- C08L1/14—Mixed esters, e.g. cellulose acetate-butyrate
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B3/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids
- C08B3/16—Preparation of mixed organic cellulose esters, e.g. cellulose aceto-formate or cellulose aceto-propionate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
式(2) 1.10≦Y≦1.50
式(3) 0.30≦Y6≦0.50
〔式中、Xは2位、3位、及び6位のアセチル基による平均置換度の合計を表し、Yは2位、3位、及び6位のプロピオニル基による平均置換度の合計を表し、Y6は6位のプロピオニル基による平均置換度を表す。〕
2.前記セルロースエステルの重量平均分子量が、150000以上、かつ250000未満であることを特徴とする前記1に記載の光学フィルム。
9.前記1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルムを溶融流延法によって製造することを特徴とする光学フィルムの製造方法。
2 フィルター
3 スタチックミキサー
4 流延ダイ
5 回転支持体(第1冷却ロール)
6 挟圧回転体(タッチロール)
7 回転支持体(第2冷却ロール)
8 回転支持体(第3冷却ロール)
9、11、13、14、15 搬送ロール
10 光学フィルム
12 延伸機
16 巻取り装置
21a、21b 保護フィルム
22a、22b 位相差フィルム
23a、23b フィルムの遅相軸方向
24a、24b 偏光子の透過軸方向
25a、25b 偏光子
26a、26b 偏光板
27 液晶セル
29 液晶表示装置
31 ダイ本体
32 スリット
41 金属スリーブ
42 弾性ローラ
43 金属製の内筒
44 ゴム
45 冷却水
51 外筒
52 内筒
53 空間
54 冷却液
55a、55b 回転軸
56a、56b 外筒支持フランジ
60 流体軸筒
61a、61b 内筒支持フランジ
62a、62b 中間通路
110 巻芯本体
117 支え板
118 架台
120 光学フィルム原反
セルロ−スには、1グルコ−ス単位の2位、3位、6位に1個ずつ、計3個の水酸基があり、置換度とは、1グルコ−ス単位に平均してアシル基がどのような位置にどれだけ結合しているかを示す数値である。
式(2) 1.10≦Y≦1.50
式(3) 0.30≦Y6≦0.50
中でも、式(1)においては6.70≦2×X+3×Y≦7.10とするのが、本発明の効果をより奏する点で好ましい。
装置:HLC−8220(東ソー(株)製)
カラム:TSKgel SuperHM−M(東ソー(株)製)
カラム温度:40℃
試料濃度:0.1質量%
注入量:10μl
流量:0.6ml/min
校正曲線:標準ポリスチレン:PS−1(Polymer Laboratories社製)Mw=2,560,000〜580までの9サンプルによる校正曲線を使用した。
劣化防止剤とは、高分子が熱や酸素、水分、酸などによって分解されることを化学的な作用によって抑制する材料のことである。本発明の光学フィルムは、特に200℃以上の高温下で成形されるため、高分子の分解・劣化が起きやすい系であり、劣化防止剤を光学フィルム中に含有させることが好ましい。
セルロースエステルは高温下では熱だけでなく酸素によっても分解が促進されるため、本発明の光学フィルムにおいては劣化防止剤として酸化防止剤を含有することが好ましい。
フェノール系化合物は既知の化合物であり、パラ−t−ブチルフェノール、パラ−(1,1,3,3−テトラメチルブチル)フェノール等のアルキル基置換フェノールの他、例えば、米国特許第4,839,405号明細書の第12〜14欄に記載の、2,6−ジアルキルフェノール誘導体化合物、所謂ヒンダードフェノール系化合物が挙げられるが、これらの中で、ヒンダードフェノール系化合物が好ましい。
本発明において有用なリン系化合物として、ホスファイト系化合物、及びホスホナイト系化合物が挙げられる。ホスファイト系化合物の具体例としては、トリフェニルホスファイト、ジフェニルイソデシルホスファイト、フェニルジイソデシルホスファイト、トリス(ノニルフェニル)ホスファイト、トリス(ジノニルフェニル)ホスファイト、トリス(2,4−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)ホスファイト、トリス(2,4−ジ−t−ブチル−5−メチルフェニル)ホスファイト、10−(3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシベンジル)−9,10−ジヒドロ−9−オキサ−10−ホスファフェナントレン−10−オキサイド、6−[3−(3−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシ−5−メチルフェニル)プロポキシ]−2,4,8,10−テトラ−t−ブチルジベンズ[d,f][1,3,2]ジオキサホスフェピン、トリデシルホスファイト等のモノホスファイト系化合物;4,4′−ブチリデン−ビス(3−メチル−6−t−ブチルフェニル−ジ−トリデシルホスファイト)、4,4′−イソプロピリデン−ビス(フェニル−ジ−アルキル(C12〜C15)ホスファイト)等のジホスファイト系化合物;等が挙げられる。上記タイプのホスファイト系化合物は、例えば、住友化学株式会社から、”SumilizerGP”、株式会社ADEKAからADK STAB PEP−24G”、”ADK STAB PEP−36”、”ADK STAB 3010”、”ADK STAB HP−10”及び”ADK STAB 2112”という商品名で市販されている。
本発明において「アルキルラジカル捕捉剤」とは、アルキルラジカルが速やかに反応しうる基を有し、かつアルキルラジカルと反応後に後続反応が起こらない安定な生成物を与える化合物を意味する。
R12〜R15が置換基を表すとき、該置換基としては特に制限はないが、例えば、アルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、t−ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基、ドデシル基、トリフルオロメチル基等)、シクロアルキル基(例えば、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等)、アリール基(例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基等)、アシルアミノ基(例えば、アセチルアミノ基、ベンゾイルアミノ基等)、アルキルチオ基(例えば、メチルチオ基、エチルチオ基等)、アリールチオ基(例えば、フェニルチオ基、ナフチルチオ基等)、アルケニル基(例えば、ビニル基、2−プロペニル基、3−ブテニル基、1−メチル−3−プロペニル基、3−ペンテニル基、1−メチル−3−ブテニル基、4−ヘキセニル基、シクロヘキセニル基等)、ハロゲン原子(例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、沃素原子等)、アルキニル基(例えば、プロパルギル基等)、複素環基(例えば、ピリジル基、チアゾリル基、オキサゾリル基、イミダゾリル基等)、アルキルスルホニル基(例えば、メチルスルホニル基、エチルスルホニル基等)、アリールスルホニル基(例えば、フェニルスルホニル基、ナフチルスルホニル基等)、アルキルスルフィニル基(例えば、メチルスルフィニル基等)、アリールスルフィニル基(例えば、フェニルスルフィニル基等)、ホスホノ基、アシル基(例えば、アセチル基、ピバロイル基、ベンゾイル基等)、カルバモイル基(例えば、アミノカルボニル基、メチルアミノカルボニル基、ジメチルアミノカルボニル基、ブチルアミノカルボニル基、シクロヘキシルアミノカルボニル基、フェニルアミノカルボニル基、2−ピリジルアミノカルボニル基等)、スルファモイル基(例えば、アミノスルホニル基、メチルアミノスルホニル基、ジメチルアミノスルホニル基、ブチルアミノスルホニル基、ヘキシルアミノスルホニル基、シクロヘキシルアミノスルホニル基、オクチルアミノスルホニル基、ドデシルアミノスルホニル基、フェニルアミノスルホニル基、ナフチルアミノスルホニル基、2−ピリジルアミノスルホニル基等)、スルホンアミド基(例えば、メタンスルホンアミド基、ベンゼンスルホンアミド基等)、シアノ基、アルコキシ基(例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基等)、アリールオキシ基(例えば、フェノキシ基、ナフチルオキシ基等)、複素環オキシ基、シロキシ基、アシルオキシ基(例えば、アセチルオキシ基、ベンゾイルオキシ基等)、スルホン酸基、スルホン酸の塩、アミノカルボニルオキシ基、アミノ基(例えば、アミノ基、エチルアミノ基、ジメチルアミノ基、ブチルアミノ基、シクロペンチルアミノ基、2−エチルヘキシルアミノ基、ドデシルアミノ基等)、アニリノ基(例えば、フェニルアミノ基、クロロフェニルアミノ基、トルイジノ基、アニシジノ基、ナフチルアミノ基、2−ピリジルアミノ基等)、イミド基、ウレイド基(例えば、メチルウレイド基、エチルウレイド基、ペンチルウレイド基、シクロヘキシルウレイド基、オクチルウレイド基、ドデシルウレイド基、フェニルウレイド基、ナフチルウレイド基、2−ピリジルアミノウレイド基等)、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ基(例えば、メトキシカルボニルアミノ基、フェノキシカルボニルアミノ基等)、アルコキシカルボニル基(例えば、メトキシカルボニル基、エトキシカルボニル基、フェノキシカルボニル等)、アリールオキシカルボニル基(例えば、フェノキシカルボニル基等)、複素環チオ基、チオウレイド基、カルボキシル基、カルボン酸の塩、ヒドロキシル基、メルカプト基、ニトロ基等の各基が挙げられる。これらの置換基は同様の置換基によってさらに置換されていてもよい。
その他の酸化防止剤としては、具体的には、ジラウリル3,3−チオジプロピオネート、ジミリスチル3,3′−チオジプロピピオネート、ジステアリル3,3−チオジプロピオネート、ラウリルステアリル3,3−チオジプロピオネート、ペンタエリスリトール−テトラキス(β−ラウリル−チオ−プロピオネート)、3,9−ビス(2−ドデシルチオエチル)−2,4,8,10−テトラオキサスピロ[5,5]ウンデカン等のイオウ系化合物が挙げられる。上記タイプのイオウ系化合物は、例えば、住友化学工業株式会社から、”Sumilizer TPL−R”及び”Sumilizer TP−D”という商品名で市販されている。更には、特公平08−27508記載の3,4−ジヒドロ−2H−1−ベンゾピラン系化合物、3,3′−スピロジクロマン系化合物、1,1−スピロインダン系化合物、モルホリン、チオモルホリン、チオモルホリンオキシド、チオモルホリンジオキシド、ピペラジン骨格を部分構造に有する化合物、特開平3−174150号記載のジアルコキシベンゼン系化合物等の酸素スカベンジャー等が挙げられる。これらの化合物の部分構造が、ポリマーの一部、或いは規則的にポリマーへペンダントされていても良い。
本発明において、光学フィルムの熱溶融時の劣化防止剤、また製造後に偏光子保護フィルムとして晒される外光や液晶ディスプレイのバックライトからの光に対する劣化防止剤として、ヒンダードアミン光安定剤(HALS)化合物が挙げられ、これは既知の化合物であり、例えば、米国特許第4,619,956号明細書の第5〜11欄及び米国特許第4,839,405号明細書の第3〜5欄に記載されているように、2,2,6,6−テトラアルキルピペリジン化合物、またはそれらの酸付加塩もしくはそれらと金属化合物との錯体が含まれる。
セルロースエステルは、溶融製膜が行われるような高温環境下では酸によっても分解が促進されるため、本発明の光学フィルムにおいては劣化防止剤として酸捕捉剤を含有することが好ましい。
金属不活性剤とは、酸化反応において開始剤あるいは触媒として作用する金属イオン不活性化する化合物を意味し、ヒドラジド系化合物、シュウ酸ジアミド系化合物、トリアゾール系化合物等が挙げられ、例えば、N,N′−ビス〔3−(3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオニル〕ヒドラジン、2−ヒドロキシエチルシュウ酸ジアミド、2−ヒドロキシ−N−(1H−1,2,4−トリアゾール−3−イル)ベンズアミド、N−(5−yert−ブチル−2−エトキシフェニル)−N’−(2−エチルフェニル)シュウ酸アミド等が挙げられる。
本発明の溶融流延による光学フィルムに形成においては、光学フィルム中に可塑剤の少なくとも1種を添加することが好ましい。
本発明おいて、光学フィルムが、更に紫外線吸収剤を含有することが耐久性を向上させる点で好ましい。
本発明においては、セルロースエステルに劣化防止剤、可塑剤や紫外線吸収剤の他、種々の添加剤を含有することができる。例えば、マット剤、フィラー、シリカやケイ酸塩等の無機化合物、染料、顔料、蛍光体、二色性色素、リターデーション制御剤、屈折率調整剤、ガス透過抑制剤、抗菌剤、生分解性付与剤などが挙げられる。
本発明の光学フィルムは、滑り性や光学的、機械的機能を付与するためにマット剤を添加することができる。マット剤としては、無機化合物の微粒子または有機化合物の微粒子が挙げられる。
次に、本発明の光学フィルムの詳細について説明する。
本発明の光学フィルムは、前述のように溶融流延によって製造される。溶液流延法において用いられる溶媒(例えば塩化メチレン等)を用いずに、加熱溶融する溶融流延による成形法は、更に詳細には、溶融押出成形法、プレス成形法、インフレーション法、射出成形法、ブロー成形法、延伸成形法等に分類できる。
以下、溶融押出成形法を例にとり、本発明の光学フィルムの製造方法について説明する。
2.セルロースエステルの製造工程で混入する異物(未酢化もしくは低酢化度のセルロース、金属イオン、ごみ等)
3.セルロースエステルを原材料メーカーから購入し押出し機に搬入するまでに混入する異物(金属イオン、ごみ等)
上記、1、2に関しては、セルロースエステルの合成後期の過程や沈殿物を得る過程の少なくともいずれかにおいて、一度溶媒に溶解し、溶液状態として濾過工程を経由して異物を除去できるが効果が不十分であることが多く、一方、3をなくすことは殆ど不可能である。
式(ii) Rt=((nx+ny)/2−nz)×d
(式中、nxはフィルム面内の遅相軸方向の屈折率、nyはフィルム面内の進相軸方向の屈折率、nzはフィルムの厚み方向の屈折率(屈折率は23℃、55%RHの環境下、波長590nmで測定)、dはフィルムの厚さ(nm)を表す。)
光学フィルムの屈折率は、アッベ屈折率計(4T)を用いて、フィルムの厚さは市販のマイクロメーターを用いて、リターデーション値は、自動複屈折計KOBRA−21ADH(王子計測機器(株)製)等を用いて、各々測定することが出来る。
式、(幅方向の延伸倍率)>(流延方向の延伸倍率)
の条件を満たすことが必要である。
製膜工程において、カットされたフィルム両端のクリップ把持部分は、粉砕処理された後、或いは必要に応じて造粒処理を行った後、同じ品種のフィルム用原料としてまたは異なる品種のフィルム用原料として再利用することが好ましい。
本発明の光学フィルム製造に際し、延伸の前及び/または後で帯電防止層、透明導電層、ハードコート層、反射防止層、防汚層、易滑性層、易接着層、防眩層、ガスバリア層、光学補償層等の機能性層を塗設してもよい。
前記ケン化処理は、フィルムをケン化液に浸漬してもよく(浸漬法)、ケン化液を塗布してもよい(塗布方法)。
本発明の光学フィルムは、濃度が2mol/L以上のアルカリ溶液をケン化液として用いてケン化処理されることが好ましい。前記ケン化液はアルカリ剤と水とからなり、場合により界面活性剤および相溶化剤が含有されていてもよい。
くは2種類以上を混合して用いてもよい。
上述のように本発明の光学フィルムは、フィルムを前記アルカリ溶液でケン化処理する工程と、アルカリ溶液をフィルムから洗い落とす工程とによりアルカリケン化処理を実施されるのが好ましい。
本発明の光学フィルムを偏光板保護フィルムとして用いる場合、偏光板の作製方法は特に限定されず、一般的な方法で作製することができる。
本発明の光学フィルムを用いた偏光板保護フィルム(位相差フィルムを兼ねる場合も含む)を含む偏光板は、通常の偏光板と比較して高い表示品質を発現させることができ、特にマルチドメイン型の液晶表示装置、より好ましくは複屈折モードによってマルチドメイン型の液晶表示装置への使用に適している。
(セルロースエステル1の合成)
セルロース(日本製紙(株)製溶解パルプ)30gに酢酸70g、プロピオン酸40gを加え、54℃で30分撹拌した。混合物を冷却した後、氷浴中で冷却した無水酢酸8g、無水プロピオン酸100g、硫酸1.0gを加えてエステル化を行った。
セルロースエステル1の合成に対して、酢酸、プロピオン酸、無水酢酸、及び無水プロピオン酸の使用量を変化させた以外はセルロースエステル1の合成と同様の合成操作を行い、セルロースエステル2〜15を得た。
セルロース(日本製紙(株)製溶解パルプ)30gに酢酸70g、プロピオン酸40gを加え、54℃で30分撹拌した。混合物を冷却した後、氷浴中で冷却した無水酢酸10g、無水プロピオン酸125g、硫酸1.2gを加えてエステル化を行った。
ここで、比較のセルロースエステル17〜21、23、25、26は、比較のセルロースエステル16の合成に対して、酢酸、プロピオン酸、無水酢酸、及び無水プロピオン酸の使用量を変化させた以外はセルロースエステル16と同様の合成操作を行うことにより合成した。
〔セルロースエステルを有してなる光学フィルム1−1の作製〕
下記のように、上記合成したセルロースエステルと各種添加剤を用いて溶融流延により、本発明の光学フィルム1−1を作製した。
可塑剤−A 8質量部
IRGANOX1010(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ社製) 0.50質量部
GSY−P101(堺化学工業社製) 0.25質量部
SumilizerGS(住友化学社製) 0.25質量部
TINUVIN928(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ社製) 1.5質量部
セルロースエステル1を130℃、4時間減圧下で乾燥を行い室温まで冷却した後、添加剤を混合した。以上の混合物を2軸式押出し機を用いて230℃で溶融混合し、ペレット1−1を作製した。
光学フィルム1−1の作製において、セルロースエステルの種類を表1のように変更した以外は同様にして、本発明のペレット1−2〜1−15、及び比較のペレット1−16〜1−26を作製した。
光学フィルムの生産性に関して、下記に示す溶融粘度の指標を用いて評価した。溶融粘度が低い程、生産性が良好であるといえる。なお、光学フィルム製膜時に樹脂の劣化を伴うと見かけ上溶融粘度が低くなることがあるが、これは下記に示す各フィルム試料の色味(着色、b値)を測定することで判断した。
得られたペレットの各試料に対して、フローテスターCFT−500D(島津製作所社製)にて定温試験を行いせん断速度(sec−1)と溶融粘度(Pa・s)を測定した。得られた結果を表2に示す。
測定温度;240℃
Preheat;210秒
Load;9.8×105Pa〜3×107Pa
せん断速度が100〜10000の範囲になるよう荷重(錘)を適切に調整し、測定温度240℃において、5点(5点のせん断速度)測定した。
得られた光学フィルム試料に対して、下記方法で評価を行った。この結果を表2に示す。
得られた光学フィルムから任意に10箇所サンプリングし、下記方法に従いb値を測定し、この中の絶対値の最大値をb値とした。0に近いほど着色が少なく良好である。
得られた光学フィルムの幅手方向に1cm間隔でリターデーションを測定し、下記式より得られたリターデーションの変動係数(CV)で表したものである。
厚み方向リターデーションRt=((nx+ny)/2−nz)×d
式中、dはフィルムの厚み(nm)、屈折率nx(フィルムの面内の最大の屈折率、遅相軸方向の屈折率ともいう)、ny(フィルム面内で遅相軸に直角な方向の屈折率)、nz(厚み方向におけるフィルムの屈折率)である。
◎:ばらつきが(CV)が1.5%未満
○:ばらつき(CV)が1.5%以上5%未満
△:ばらつき(CV)が5%以上、10%未満
×:ばらつき(CV)が10%以上
《ケン化処理適性》
次に、上記作製した光学フィルム1−1〜1−26について下記のアルカリケン化処理を施した後、偏光子と貼合し、それぞれ偏光板1−1〜1−26を作製した。
ケン化工程:2mol/LNaOH、60℃、60秒
水洗工程:水30℃、45秒
中和工程:10質量%HCl 30℃ 45秒
水洗工程:水30℃、45秒
ケン化処理後、水洗、中和、水洗の順に行い、次いで80℃で乾燥した。
厚さ120μmの長尺ロールポリビニルアルコールフィルムを沃素1質量部、ホウ酸4質量部を含む水溶液100質量部に浸漬し、50℃で6倍に搬送方向に延伸して偏光子を作製した。
偏光子の両側に上記作製した光学フィルムを、アルカリケン化処理面を偏光子側とし完全鹸化型ポリビニルアルコール5質量%水溶液を接着剤として両面から貼合し、偏光板用保護フィルムが貼合された偏光板を作製した。
次いでこの評価用偏光板を、80℃、90%RHで1200時間処理し、偏光子と保護フィルムとの張り合わせ状態を観察し下記の基準でランク付けした。
○:僅かに剥離認められるが実用上問題ないレベル
△:やや剥離認められ実用上問題となるレベル
×:剥離発生
ここで、○以上がケン化処理適性において実用上問題ないレベルと判断した。
表3に記載のセルロースエステル、可塑剤、劣化防止剤、及び紫外線吸収剤の組み合わせに変更する以外は、実施例1のペレット1−1と同様な方法で、本発明のペレット2−1〜2−18、及び比較のペレット2−19、2−20を作製した。
下記のような、セルロースエステルと各種添加剤を用いて、フィルムの厚さが40μmとなるように、押出し量、引き取り速度、及び延伸倍率を調整した以外は実施例1と同様にして、本発明の光学フィルム3−1を作製したところ、生産性が良好で着色も少なく、リターデーションの変動が小さい光学フィルムであることが分かった。
可塑剤−A 8質量部
IRGANOX1010(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ社製) 0.50質量部
GSY−P101(堺化学工業社製) 0.25質量部
例示化合物(2)−8 0.30質量部
TINUVIN928(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ社製) 2.25質量部
実施例4
〔光学フィルムの製造〕
実施例1で得られたペレット10を用い、下記の要領で光学フィルム4−1、4−2を製造した。
これらの試料について、先に定義したRoとRtを測定した。結果を表5に示す。
(液晶表示装置としての特性評価)
VA型液晶表示装置であるシャープ(株)製32型テレビAQ−32AD5の偏光板を剥がし、実施例1〜3で作製した各々の偏光板(実施例3で作製した本発明の偏光板の試料No.を3−1とする。)を液晶セルのサイズに合わせて断裁した。
Claims (11)
- 光学フィルムがセルロースエステルを含有し、該セルロースエステルの1グルコース単位あたりの置換基の種類とその置換度が下記式(1)〜(3)の条件を同時に満たすセルロースエステルであることを特徴とする光学フィルム。
式(1) 6.30≦2×X+3×Y≦7.50
式(2) 1.10≦Y≦1.50
式(3) 0.30≦Y6≦0.50
〔式中、Xは2位、3位、及び6位のアセチル基による平均置換度の合計を表し、Yは2位、3位、及び6位のプロピオニル基による平均置換度の合計を表し、Y6は6位のプロピオニル基による平均置換度を表す。〕 - 前記セルロースエステルの重量平均分子量が、150000以上、かつ250000未満であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記光学フィルムがフェノール系化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項又は第2項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記光学フィルムがリン系化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第3項のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記光学フィルムがアルキルラジカル捕捉剤を含有することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第4項のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記フェノール系化合物が、ヒンダードフェノール系化合物であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第3項〜第5項のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記リン系酸化防止剤化合物が、ホスホナイト系化合物であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第4項〜第6項のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記アルキルラジカル捕捉剤が、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物または下記一般式(2)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第5項〜第7項のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 請求の範囲第1項〜第8項のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルムを溶融流延法によって製造することを特徴とする光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 請求の範囲第1項〜第8項のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルムを偏光子の少なくとも一方の面に有することを特徴とする偏光板。
- 請求の範囲第10項に記載の偏光板を液晶セルの少なくとも一方の面に用いることを特徴とする液晶表示装置
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JP2002309009A (ja) * | 2001-04-13 | 2002-10-23 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | セルロースアシレートフイルムおよびその製造方法 |
JP2008003126A (ja) * | 2006-06-20 | 2008-01-10 | Fujifilm Corp | 偏光板、液晶表示装置及び偏光板用保護膜の製造方法 |
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TW200906942A (en) | 2009-02-16 |
WO2008117577A1 (ja) | 2008-10-02 |
TWI452077B (zh) | 2014-09-11 |
JPWO2008117577A1 (ja) | 2010-07-15 |
KR20100014521A (ko) | 2010-02-10 |
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