JP4810533B2 - ディジタルスレショルド化による選択的イオン濾過作用を用いた質量分光測定法 - Google Patents
ディジタルスレショルド化による選択的イオン濾過作用を用いた質量分光測定法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、その開示全体を参照により本明細書に組み入れる、2004年5月24日発行の米国仮出願第60/574,042号の優先権の恩典を主張する。
本発明は、生体分子などの大型の検体を分子質量分光測定法によって検出及び特長付けする分野に関する。
質量分光測定法は、数十年にわたって小型の有機分子の特性の決定に用いられてきた。この技法では、一般に、サンプル内の分子をイオン化し、このサンプルを非常に低い圧力で電子ビームにさらして分子イオンを形成する。次に、この分子イオンは電場によって、磁場または四極子に焦点合わせされ、加速される。これらのイオンは、イオンzの電荷に対するイオンmの質量の比(m/z)にしたがって磁場または四極子中で分離される。イオンは、磁場を通過すると、検出器に衝突し、この検出器がイオンビームの強度とm/z比を測定し、これらのデータを用いてサンプルの質量スペクトルを作成する。
本発明の目的は、多価イオンを識別する方法を提供することにある。以下の成分、(i)イオン検出器と;(ii)アナログ信号をディジタル信号に変換するディジタイザと;(iii)検出器からのアナログ信号をディジタイザに伝達するアナログ信号伝達手段と;(iv)ディジタイザとディジタルデータ通信しているディジタルスレショルドフィルタとを含む質量分光測定器が提供することにある。ディジタル信号スレショルドは、ディジタルスレショルドフィルタに設定することが可能であり、ディジタイザから入力されたディジタル信号に応答して、ディジタルスレショルドフィルタは、このディジタル信号入力が指定済のディジタル信号スレショルドより大きい場合にだけ独立してディジタル信号をデータファイルに出力する。次に、本方法のこれに続く工程が、ディジタル信号スレショルドを、多価イオンを質量分光測定器が測定すると、データファイルに出力された濾過されたディジタル信号が多価イオンの検出により発生して、一価イオンから発生するアナログ信号からディジタル信号を排除するように、指定することによって実行される。
本発明の一部の態様では、質量分光測定器は、以下の成分、(i)イオン検出器と;(ii)アナログ信号をディジタル信号に変換するディジタイザと;(iii)検出器からのアナログ信号をディジタイザに伝達するアナログ信号伝達手段と;(iv)各々がディジタイザとディジタルデータ通信していて、ディジタイザから入力されたディジタル信号に応答して、このディジタル信号入力が指定済のディジタル信号スレショルドより大きい場合にだけ独立してディジタル信号を対応するデータファイルに出力するディジタル信号スレショルドを設定する複数のディジタルスレショルドフィルタを含む。ある態様において、アナログ信号とディジタル信号は電圧信号であり、アナログからディジタルへのコンバータ(ADC)は、アナログ電圧信号をディジタル電圧信号に変換する。ある態様において、複数の質量分光測定器を作製して、結果得られる複数のデータファイルを相互加算する。
実施例1:ESI-TOF質量分光測定条件
Bruker Daltonics(マサチューセッツ州ビレリカ市)のMicro TOF ESI飛行時間型(TOF)質量分光測定器をこの作業に用いた。ESIソースからのイオンは、直交イオン抽出され、検出に先立ってリフレクトロン中でフォーカスされる。イオンは、軸外スプレーとガラス毛細管を備えた標準のMicroTOF ESIソースで形成される。陰イオンモードで動作するために、このガラス毛細管の大気圧端部を、データを獲得する間にESI針を基準として6000Vにバイアスする。N2型乾電池の逆電流を用いて、脱溶媒プロセスの支援とする。外部イオン蓄積によって、データ獲得中にイオン化のデューティサイクルを改善する。ESI-TOFスペクトルは各々が、75μsにわたってディジタル化された75,000個のデータポイントからなる。データ獲得の全ての局面は、Bruker MicroTOFのソフトウエアパッケージで制御された。データの後処理もまた、標準のBrukerソフトウエアで実行された。
全てのPCR反応は、Packard社のMPII液体処理ロボット利用プラットフォームとM.J.Dyadのサーモサイクラー(マサチューセッツ州ウォルサム市、M.J.研究所)を用いて96ウェルのマイクロタイタープレートフォーマットで50μLという反応体積にアセンブルされた。PCR反応混合物は、4単位のAmplitaq Goldと、1×緩衝液II(カリフォルニア州、フォスター市、応用生体システムズ社)と、1.5mMのMgCl2と、0.4Mのベタインと、800μMのdNTP混合物と、250nMのプライマーからなる。次のPCR条件を用いた:95℃を10分間続けたあとで、95℃で30秒間と、50℃で30秒間と72℃で30秒間のサイクルを50回繰り返した。
大型オリゴヌクレオチドイオンの検出効果を最適化しようとして、また、イオン到達統計値と質量精度間の関係をよりよく理解するために、詳細で体系的な研究を企画して、分子量、m/z、および個々のイオンレベルにおける電荷状態の関数として検出器の応答を調査した。
PCR生成物を特徴付けるために通常的に用いられる獲得条件下では、個々のスキャンを75kHzという速度で獲得して相互加算する。したがって、一般的な45秒獲得の場合、各々のスペクトルは660,000個の相互加算された個々のスキャンからなる。相互加算されたスペクトル中の散弾ノイズ/ホワイトノイズを減少させるために、MicroTOFの電子系によって、1ビットまたは低ビット数のADCカウントにおける検出器からのホワイトノイズが各々のスキャンから消去され、イオン検出事象と整合した検出器応答だけが過渡的な加算用ディジタイザデータシステムに渡されて相互加算されるようにディジタルフィルタスレショルド(電圧遮断)に設定することを可能とするようにしている。この概念の略図を図2に示す。図2aに、一価のイオン(イオン1)がT1で検出器に衝突し、T2で大型の多価イオン(イオン2)が検出器に衝突する理論的な単一スキャンから出力された生のADCを示す。イオン1もイオン2も検出器に衝突しない時間間隔の間では、ADCは、一般的には1〜5ビットに相当する検出器ノイズをピックアップしてディジタル化している。TOFの獲得速度が早く、また、ソースのイオン容量が有限であるため、スキャンは各々が一般に、任意の所与のイオンチャネルに対して比較的少数のイオン検出事象からなり、イオンが全てのスキャンで検出される可能性は非常に低い。したがって、図2dに示すような濾過されていないスキャンを多数相互加算すると、その結果、ノイズレベルがスキャンの数と共に増大し、究極のダイナミックレンジが比較的高い電子ノイズレベルによって制限されるような質量スペクトルとなる。
ESI-MSによる大型バイオポリマーの分析における重要な挑戦は、サンプルの精製である。バイオポリマー溶液における低分子量汚染は、ESI-MSスペクトルの品質に悪影響を及ぼしかねず、また、ダイナミックレンジと測定の精度をかなり制限しかねない。低分子量「汚染」が、オンライン分離の成分として実際に必要とされる添加剤となる場合もある。このような添加剤には、毛細管等電点電気泳動法で用いられる両性電解質、毛細管ゾーン電気泳動法で用いられる緩衝液の成分として一般的に用いられるリン酸塩およびミセル動電学的クロマトグラフィにおけるミセル形成を促進するために用いられる溶液マトリックス調整剤が含まれる。同様に、グリセロールやポリマー(ポリエチレングリコール、PPG)などの電気スプレイインコンパティブル添加剤はしばしば、生体化学プロセスで用いられる酵素を安定化するために用いられる。これらの化合物は、しばしば、生体化学プロセス全体にわたって普及して最終的には質量分光測定器で用いられることになる。後者のタイプの「汚染」の重要な例は、PCRで用いられるTaqポリメラーゼ中に高レベルのポリエチレングリコールとポリプロピレングリコールポリマーが存在する状態である。一般的にはTaqをたった1〜2μLだけ各々の50μL PCR反応では用いられないが、比較的低い濃度のPCR生成物(一般的には10〜100nM)が存在する状態で比較的高い濃度のポリマーが存在すると、このようなポリマーは高い効率でイオン化されるという事実とあいまって、著しいケミカルノイズを抑圧するという問題が発生する。
電子ノイズレベルを減少させるだけではなくケミカルノイズレベルも軽減または解消することによって、ダイナミックレンジとスペクトル品質がかなり改善される。この概念を図4と図5に示す。図4には、比較的少量の高価状態のPCRアンプリコンが検出される図3のESI-TOFスペクトルの領域を拡大したものが示されている。ここで、(M-43H+)43-、(M-42H+)42-および(M-41H+)41-という電荷状態からの信号は未濾過状態のスペクトル(図4a)ではほとんど不可視であるが、濾過状態のスペクトル(図4b)では明瞭に可視である。図4aのスペクトルの効果的な信号対ノイズ比は信号対ケミカルノイズ比で定義されるが、図4bのスペクトルの効果的な信号対ノイズ比は信号対電子ノイズ比で定義される。たとえば、アンプリコンが(M-41H+)41-という電荷状態にある場合、低遮断スレショルドで獲得されたスペクトルの信号対(化学)ノイズは約2であり、一方、高遮断スレショルドで獲得されたスペクトルの信号対(電子)ノイズは約12である。加えて、(M-40H+)40-および(M-39H+)39-という電荷状態からの信号は、図4aのケミカルノイズと容易には見分けられないが、図4bでは明瞭に可視である。
本発明によれば、図3〜5に示す実験は、上述のディジタルスレショルド化方法によって、低分子量種を(ディジタルスレショルド化に基づいて)「不可視」とするように大型の多価の生体分子イオンを検出することが可能となることを示しているが、その一方で、図6に提示するデータは、低分子量の種を、大型の多価生体分子イオンを(ディジタルスレショルド化とスペクトル減算によって)「不可視」とするように分析することが可能であるような方法を示している。実施例6で記載した比較的単純な減算から得られる結果によって、複雑なイオン母集団から得られた複数の「スライス」を同時に分析して、その効果的な結果として、イオンが同時に測定される多次元検出構成とするより洗練されたディジタルスレショルド化スキームの基礎が与えられる。
Claims (13)
- a)i)イオン検出器;
ii)アナログ信号をディジタル信号に変換するよう構成されたディジタイザ;
iii)該検出器からのアナログ信号を該ディジタイザに伝達するよう構成されたアナログ信号伝達手段;および
iv)該ディジタイザとディジタルデータ通信していて、該ディジタイザからの複数の入力に応答して、複数の信号出力を提供するように構成された複数のフィルタであって、該フィルタは入力を差分的に濾過し、所定の対応する遮断レベルを超える該複数の入力に対応する該複数の出力は複数の対応するデータファイルに記憶され、第1の遮断レベルは第1のデータファイルに対する該出力が該検体および校正試料イオンからの信号を含むように予め決定される、該フィルタ;
を含む質量分光測定器上で、複数のフィルタの内の第1のフィルタに対して該第1の遮断レベルを提供する、工程;
b)該複数のフィルタの第2のフィルタに第2の遮断レベルを提供する工程であって、該第2の遮断レベルは、第2のデータファイルに対する出力が該検体からの信号を含むが該校正試料イオンからの信号は含まないように予め決定される、工程;
c)該第1のデータファイルから該第2のデータファイルを減算して、該校正試料イオンからの信号を含むが該検体からの信号は含まない校正データファイルを得る工程;および
d)該校正データファイルを用いて、該検体の質量スペクトルを校正する工程;
を含む、検体の質量スペクトルを校正する方法。 - 校正試料イオンが核酸、ペプチド、小分子である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 検体が生体分子である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生体分子が核酸、ペプチド、タンパク質、脂質または炭水化物である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 生体分子が非共有結合の小分子を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- アナログ信号がアナログ電圧信号であり、また、ディジタル信号がディジタル電圧信号である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 質量分光測定器が、飛行時間型の質量分光測定器、四極子飛行時間型質量分光測定器、線形四極子質量分光測定器、線形捕獲質量分光測定器、電気/磁気セクター質量分光測定器または四極子イオン捕獲質量分光測定器である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- a)i)生体分子イオン検出器;
ii)アナログ信号をディジタル信号に変換するよう構成されたディジタイザ;
iii)該検出器からのアナログ信号を該ディジタイザに伝達するよう構成されたアナログ信号伝達手段;および
iv)該ディジタイザと並列電子通信し、該ディジタイザからの複数の入力に応答して、複数の信号出力を提供するように構成された、少なくとも第1の遮断レベルおよび第2の遮断レベルを含んだ複数の対応する遮断レベルを持つ、少なくとも第1のフィルタおよび第2のフィルタを含んだ複数のフィルタであって、該フィルタは所定の対応する遮断レベルを超える該ディジタイザからのディジタル電圧信号入力に応答して、ディジタル電圧信号出力を発生させる、該複数のフィルタ
を含む質量分光測定器;
b)少なくとも第1のデータファイル,第2のデータファイル、および校正データファイルを含んだ複数のデータファイル;および
c)該フィルタの少なくとも1つおよび該複数のデータファイルに含まれる対応するデータファイルとディジタルデータ通信している複数の並列出力伝達手段;
を含み、
前記フィルタは入力を差分的に濾過し、前記所定の対応する遮断レベルを超える前記複数の入力に対応する前記複数の出力は対応する前記複数のデータファイルに記憶され、
前記第1の遮断レベルは前記第1のデータファイルに対する前記出力が前記検体および校正試料イオンからの信号を含むように予め決定され、
前記第2の遮断レベルは、前記第2のデータファイルに対する出力が前記検体からの信号を含むが前記校正試料イオンからの信号は含まないように予め決定され、
前記校正データファイルが、前記第1のデータファイルから前記第2のデータファイルを減算して、前記校正試料イオンからの信号を含むが前記検体からの信号は含まないように構成されるものであって、かつ前記検体の質量スペクトルを校正するために用いられる
ことを特徴とする、システム。 - 生体分子が核酸、ペプチド、タンパク質、脂質または炭水化物生体分子である、請求項8に記載のシステム。
- 生体分子が非共有結合の小分子を含む、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- アナログ信号がアナログ電圧信号であり、ディジタル信号がディジタル電圧信号である、請求項8に記載のシステム。
- 質量分光測定器が、飛行時間型の質量分光測定器、四極子飛行時間型質量分光測定器、線形四極子質量分光測定器、線形捕獲質量分光測定器、電気/磁気セクター質量分光測定器または四極子イオン捕獲質量分光測定器である、請求項8に記載のシステム。
- 複数のデータファイルがコンピュータに読み取り可能な媒体上のデータファイルである、請求項8に記載のシステム。
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EP1766659A2 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
US20160071710A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
WO2005117270A2 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
EP1766659A4 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
US7714275B2 (en) | 2010-05-11 |
US8987660B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 |
EP2458619A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
WO2005117270A3 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
US9449802B2 (en) | 2016-09-20 |
US20050270191A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
EP2458619B1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
US20130092830A1 (en) | 2013-04-18 |
ES2641832T3 (es) | 2017-11-14 |
US20100127165A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
US8173957B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 |
CA2567839A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
JP2008500539A (ja) | 2008-01-10 |
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