JP3389269B2 - 縫合装置 - Google Patents
縫合装置Info
- Publication number
- JP3389269B2 JP3389269B2 JP28554192A JP28554192A JP3389269B2 JP 3389269 B2 JP3389269 B2 JP 3389269B2 JP 28554192 A JP28554192 A JP 28554192A JP 28554192 A JP28554192 A JP 28554192A JP 3389269 B2 JP3389269 B2 JP 3389269B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- jaw
- surgical
- thread
- arm
- needle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06—Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/062—Needle manipulators
- A61B17/0625—Needle manipulators the needle being specially adapted to interact with the manipulator, e.g. being ridged to snap fit in a hole of the manipulator
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0469—Suturing instruments for use in minimally invasive surgery, e.g. endoscopic surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/2812—Surgical forceps with a single pivotal connection
- A61B17/282—Jaws
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06—Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06—Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06066—Needles, e.g. needle tip configurations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06—Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06166—Sutures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/2804—Surgical forceps with two or more pivotal connections
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
- A61B2017/2932—Transmission of forces to jaw members
- A61B2017/2939—Details of linkages or pivot points
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Description
装置に関する。
般的な外科的処置は縫付である。外科的処置において
は、縫合用糸に取り付けられた針を用い、手で縫合用糸
を運針させて傷口を縫い合わせる。
要のあることも多く、したがって、針は剛性を有し、針
先の鋭く尖ったものでなければならない。外科的縫合の
場合には、針を直接操作することを避けるために、針の
取り付けおよび運針に器具が使用される場合もある。
や器具を用いても、組織に針を通すのに困難を感じるこ
とが多い。このために、外科医が容易にアクセスできる
組織でも、縫合処置に限界が生じる。鋭く尖った針を無
理に使用すると、医療要員に針が刺さって怪我をするこ
ともある。針が刺さる怪我は、医療要員から患者、ある
いは、その逆に患者から医療要員に病気が感染する原因
として指摘されている。特に、身体内部の組織の縫合ま
たは縫付は、縫合器具をトロカール(套管針)沿いに患
者の体内へ入れる必要があるため、縫合器具を組織から
離れたところで操作しなければならない腹腔鏡手術のと
きにきわめて困難である。
ことのできる縫付および縫合用の手術装置を提供しよう
とするものである。
は、所期の目的を達成するために、上顎部と下顎部とで
構成され、これら上顎部、下顎部は、それぞれの一部が
互いに接近した場所に置かれる第1の位置と、前記顎部
の前記部分が互いに離れた場所に置かれる第2の位置と
の間で選択的に移動可能であり、前記各顎部には、細長
い外科切開用部材の一部または一定の長さの外科用糸を
受けるように構成された凹みまたは溝、および、前記外
科切開用部材または一定の長さの外科用糸を前記各顎部
に対してそれぞれの凹みまたは溝内に固定するように構
成された選択的に作動可能な固定手段が設けられている
ことを特徴とする。
に相対的に枢動可能で、上顎部または下顎部の一方が他
方の顎部または他方の顎部が接続されている部材に枢動
可能に接続される。
一方の顎部の作動部材によって力を加えることで行なわ
れる。力を加える作動手段は、前記顎部を前記第1およ
び第2の位置の間で移動させて当該顎部に交互に圧縮力
と引張り力を与えるようにし、また機械的連結具、油圧
作動手段、空気圧作動手段、または電気的手段(例:ソ
レノイド手段の作動)によって作動させることができ
る。
に引張り/圧縮力を加えることにより行なわれるとき、
当該顎部には、引張り力作動部材が接続された枢動接続
部から伸びる延長テコ(梃)部分が設けられる。
に設された凹み(または溝)は、外科切開用部材または
硬化した外科用糸の一部が選択的に一方の凹み(または
溝)から除かれ、対応する外科切開用部材または外科用
糸の一部が他方の凹みの中に固定される。切開用部材ま
たは硬化した外科用糸の一部は、長さ方向に弧状に湾曲
すると効果がある。
(または溝)は、長さ方向に互いに対応する弧状になっ
て湾曲している。
に配設された凹み(または溝)は、細長い切開用部材ま
たは外科用糸の一部が両方の凹み(または溝)に同時に
受けられるように構成される。各顎部に配設された凹み
(または溝)の一方好ましくは下顎部が、その顎部を通
って伸びる孔または中ぐりの形をとると効果がある。
方がその顎部のほぼ全体を通って伸びるスロットの形を
とる。スロットは、口部分から頂点部分に向かってテー
パが付けられる。顎部の一方にスロットが存在すること
により、顎部が第2の位置に向かっているとき、外科用
糸を該当する顎部材から取り除いても切開用部材を他の
顎部に残して置くことが可能となる。
は外科用糸の該当する部分またはこれら切開用部材また
は外科用糸のそれぞれの部分が上顎部または下顎部に固
定されるようにその上に配設された相補的係合部に係合
するように選択的に作動可能な固定部を有する。これら
固定部は、個々または別々に選択的に切開用部材または
外科用糸の該当する部分に係合するように作動すると効
果がある。固定部の作動は、機械的連結具、油圧作動手
段、空気圧作動手段、または電気的作動手段(例:ソレ
ノイドによる作動)によって行なうことができる。
ぎめ用アームの遠位端に配設され、また当該アームの近
位端には、好ましくは、顎部の運動および固定手段作動
を制御するための制御手段が配設される。位置ぎめ用ア
ームは、ほぼ中空として、機械的連結具または油圧/空
気圧連結具がアームの近位端にある制御手段からアーム
の遠位端に配設された顎部および固定手段までアームの
全長に沿って内部に伸びるようにすると効果がある。通
常、細長いアームの外部寸法は、当該アームが細長い外
科用トロカール内に挿入され受け入れられるものとす
る。
くものであるから、実施例で詳述するように、作動用ト
リガを介して上顎部、下顎部を相対開閉させることによ
り、手術用の針、糸を安全かつ簡易に組織に通すことが
できる。
付の図面を参照して説明する。図1に例示された本発明
の手術装置1は、縫合装置として使用するように構成さ
れたものである。装置1は、枢動状接続用ジョイント2
3で互いに接続される2つのアーム部分2aおよび2b
に分割された細長い中空のアーム2を有し、各アーム部
分2aおよび2bは相互に枢動可能である。アーム2の
一端には、アーム部分2aと一体の上顎部4およびアー
ム部分2aに枢動可能に接続された枢動式下顎部5を有
する縫合機構3が設けられる。アーム2の他端には、使
用者が掴むハンドル6および以下に説明する縫合機構3
の操作を制御するための作動用トリガ10が設けられ
る。
が詳細に示されており、かつ、下顎部5とアーム部分2
aとの間の枢動接続部8が明確に示されている。下顎部
5のテコ延長部分5aは、枢動点5から伸びて端部が硬
い作動ケーブル9の一端に接続される。作動ケーブル9
は、アーム2内をその長さ方向に沿って伸び、その他端
が作動用トリガ10に接続される。作動用トリガ10を
操作して、作動ケーブル9がアーム2の長さ方向に沿っ
て縫合機構に接近または隔離するように動かすと、下顎
部5が枢動点8の回りで枢動し、各顎部は、図3に示す
ごとく、顎部4、5が外に広がった開放位置、または、
図1に示すごとく、顎部4、5が相互に閉じた閉止位置
に向かって相対的に移動する。下顎部5には、その上面
から当該下顎部を貫通して伸びる断面が円形の中ぐり1
1が設けられる。使用時には、取り付けられた手術針1
3の切込み端12が好適に中ぐり11の中に受け入れら
れる。
れを貫通して伸びるほぼV字形のスロット14が設けら
れる。使用時には、取り付けられた(縫合用糸の付い
た)手術針の後端15が、好適にV字形のスロット14
の頂点17内に受け入れられ、針13の切込み端12は
上顎部4および当該上顎部4から上方に伸びる縫合用糸
から下方に伸びた状態となる。図5に示す開いた位置の
とき、糸16は、これをV字形のスロット14の口部1
8の方向すなわち図7の矢印A方向に動かすことによっ
て、上顎部4のスロット14から取り外すことができ
る。
定部材19は、アーム19aおよび19bを有し、これ
らアームは上顎部および下顎部4、5内の限定された案
内溝(図示せず)に沿ってのみ移動できるように、その
動きが拘束される。固定部材19の上方アーム19a
は、やはり作動用トリガ10のアーム2の長さ方向に沿
って伸びる第2の硬い作動ケーブル20の一端に接続さ
れる。作動用トリガ10が、顎部4、5を開または閉す
るように動かされた後さらに移動させられると、各固定
アーム19a、19bは、それぞれの顎部4、5内の限
定された案内溝に沿って滑動し、V字形のスロット14
または中ぐり11を横切る。取り付けられた針13の該
当する部分が中ぐり11またはスロット14内に存在す
るときには、該当するアーム19b、19aが針13の
該当するノッチ部分25a、25bと係合し、針をスロ
ットまたは中ぐりの中に固定する。図示のように、固定
部材19の固定作用により、固定アーム19aがスロッ
ト14を横切って針13のノッチ25aと係合すると
き、アーム19bは、中ぐり11から引き出されたり、
この逆の現象も起きる。したがって、針は、常にいずれ
かの顎部4または5にしっかり固定されることになる。
を用いて使用するものとして説明してきたが、適当に硬
化させた端部を有する縫合用糸を用いて針の使用の必要
のないようにすることも可能である。
方に伸び、さらに開口21を通って中空のアーム2内に
入る。この場合、糸はアーム2の全長に沿ってその内部
を伸びており、アーム2は装置のハンドル側端部でスプ
ール(図示せず)に接続されている。
た針13をスロット14内に通し、尖端12が中ぐり1
1内に伸びるようにして針13を装置に取り付ける。つ
ぎに、トリガ10の操作により上方の固定アーム19a
を前方に動かし、スロット14を横切るように針13の
上端部15のノッチ25aに係合させて、針13をスロ
ット14内で上顎部4に対してしっかり固定する。この
段階で、装置は図2に示す状態となり、下方の固定アー
ム19bは中ぐり11から引き出されている。
ル9を前方に押し、下顎部5が枢動機構8の回りで枢動
して図3に示す開放位置にくるようにする。この場合、
固定アーム19aは針13の上端部15と係合したまま
であり、したがって、スロット14内に固定されている
ことに注意されたい。ここで、図3に示すように、縫付
ける身体の組織が顎部4、5の間に置かれ、針の尖端1
2が組織の上方にくる状態となる。
が引き込められて顎部4、5が枢動して閉止状態とな
り、そのために針13が押されて組織24内に入り、針
の尖端12は再び中ぐり11内にくる。この段階にきた
とき、ケーブル10が引き込められて、U字形の固定部
材が滑動して長さ方向に曲がり、下方アーム19bが中
ぐり11を横切って針13の尖端12のノッチ25bと
係合し、針と下顎部5に対して固定する。つぎに、上述
したように、ケーブル9を上方に動かして顎部4、5を
開くと、針13は組織24を通ってきれいに引き戻され
る。
ム2を矢印B方向に動かして糸16をスロットから取り
出し、糸16がスロット14の頂点17から図7の矢印
Aの方向に移動するようにする。図5から理解できるよ
うに、この段階に達すると、針13は下顎部5内に固定
され、針13と糸16は組織24を通過する。つぎに、
糸16が組織24からさらに引き戻され、つづいてすで
に説明したようにして顎部4、5が閉じられ、針の上端
部15がスロット14内に再係合される。ここで、上方
固定アーム19もやはりスロット14内に再係合され
(下方固定アームは同時に盲孔11から引き戻され)、
図6に示すように上顎部4に対して針を固定する。この
段階までに、縫合用糸16は完全に組織24を通り抜け
ており、図2〜図6を参照して説明した各段階を再度行
なうことができる状態となっている。
できるようにするためには、製造時に、たとえば、エポ
キシ樹脂などの硬化剤を用いて糸の一部分を相対的に硬
化させておく。糸の硬化した部分は、組織を通るための
十分な可撓性を有するが、針をスロット14に戻る方向
に向け、針13の端部15がスロット14内に再係合で
きるようにする硬さを有するものとなる。以上に説明し
た装置は、医療要員が針の尖端および縫合される組織か
ら離れていても、縫合を容易にかつ能率的に行なえるよ
うにするものである。
下顎部が所定の各位置間で選択的に移動可能であり、こ
れら顎部には、細長い外科切開用部材の一部または一定
の長さの外科用糸を受けるための凹みまたは溝、およ
び、外科切開用部材または一定の長さの外科用糸を各顎
部に対してそれぞれの凹みまたは溝内に固定するための
選択的に作動可能な固定手段が設けられているから、手
術者が針を組織に通すのに困難を感じたり縫合処置に限
界が生じることがなく、医療要員に針が刺さって怪我を
することがなく、さらに、身体内部の組織の縫合、縫付
など、縫合器具を組織から離れたところで操作しなけれ
ばならない腹腔鏡手術も簡易に行なえる。
面図である。
ある。
ある。
ある。
ある。
平面図である。
Claims (9)
- 【請求項1】 近位端および遠位端を有する細長い位置
決めアーム(2)と、前記細長い位置決めアーム(2)
の遠位端に設けられた上顎部(4)および下顎部(5)
とを含み、前記上顎部(4)および下顎部(5)の一方
の顎部は、前記上顎部(4)および下顎部(5)のそれ
ぞれの部分が互いに接近した場所に置かれる第1の位置
と、前記上顎部(4)および下顎部(5)の前記それぞ
れの部分が互いに離れた場所に置かれる第2の位置との
間で選択的に移動可能であり、 前記上顎部(4)および下顎部(5)の各々は、細長い
外科切開用部材(13)のまたは一定の長さの外科用糸
の部分を受け入れるように構成されたそれぞれの凹みま
たは溝(11,14)と、それぞれの選択的に作動可能
な固定手段(19a,19b)とを備え、前記それぞれ
の選択的に作動可能な固定手段は、顎部内で長さ方向に
移動可能であり、前記それぞれの凹みまたは溝内で顎部
に対して細長い外科切開用部材または一定の長さの外科
用糸を交互に固定および解放し、ぞれぞれの上顎部およ
び下顎部内での固定手段による前記交互の固定および解
放により、外科切開用部材(13)を繰り返し前方およ
び後方に通過させるように構成されており、 前記細長い位置決めアーム(2)の近位端に設けられ、
前記上顎部(4)および下顎部(5)の相対運動を制御
し、前記それぞれの固定手段を作動させるように構成さ
れている制御手段(10)をさらに含み、 前記細長い位置決めアーム(2)は、前記制御手段と前
記顎部および固定手段とをつなぐ連結具がアームの長さ
に沿って内側に延びるように実質的に中空になっている
ことを特徴とする手術装置。 - 【請求項2】 前記上顎部(4)および下顎部(5)に
設けられたそれぞれの凹みまたは溝(17,11)は、
外科切開用部材(13)または外科用糸の部分が選択的
に一方の凹みまたは溝(11,17)から除かれ、外科
切開用部材(13)または外科用糸のそれぞれの部分が
(12,15)が他方の凹みまたは溝(11,17)の
中に固定された状態でとどまることのできる形態および
形状に構成される請求項1に記載の手術装置。 - 【請求項3】 切開用部材(13)または硬化した外科
用糸の部分は、長さ方向に弧状に湾曲し、上顎部(4)
および下顎部(5)のそれぞれの凹みまたは溝(17,
11)は、長さ方向に互いに対応する弧状になって湾曲
している請求項2に記載の手術装置。 - 【請求項4】 それぞれの顎部(4)に配設された凹み
または溝の一方(14)が、その顎部のほぼ全体を通っ
て延びるスロットの形をとる請求項1ないし請求項3の
いずれか1項に記載の手術装置。 - 【請求項5】 スロットは、口部分(18)から頂点部
分(17)に向かってテーパが付けられる請求項4記載
の手術装置。 - 【請求項6】 固定手段(19a,19b)は、切開用
部材(13)または外科用糸のそれぞれの部分(15,
12)または、切開用部材(13)または外科用糸のそ
れぞれの部分(15,12)が上顎部(4)または下顎
部(5)に固定されるようにその上に配設された相補的
係合部(25a,25b)に係合する選択的に作動可能
な固定部を有している請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれ
か1項に記載の手術装置。 - 【請求項7】 前記固定部(19a,19b)は、個々
または別々に選択的に切開用部材または外科用糸のそれ
ぞれの部分(15,12)に係合するように作動する請
求項6に記載の手術装置。 - 【請求項8】 上顎部および下顎部の選択的相対運動
は、一方の顎部の作動部材(9)によって力を加えるこ
とで行なわれる請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか1項
に記載の手術装置。 - 【請求項9】 制御手段(10)は、固定手段および顎
部の作動を制御するための作動用トリガ(10)を備え
る請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の手術
装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9120871A GB2260704B (en) | 1991-09-30 | 1991-09-30 | Suturing apparatus |
GB9120871.0 | 1991-09-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH05237123A JPH05237123A (ja) | 1993-09-17 |
JP3389269B2 true JP3389269B2 (ja) | 2003-03-24 |
Family
ID=10702265
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP28554192A Expired - Lifetime JP3389269B2 (ja) | 1991-09-30 | 1992-09-30 | 縫合装置 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5454823A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0535906B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3389269B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU658225B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2079259C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69230744T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2142815T3 (ja) |
GB (2) | GB2287196B (ja) |
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US10617410B2 (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2020-04-14 | Durastat Llc | Suturing device having needle capture capabilities |
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WO2020086534A1 (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-04-30 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Systems and apparatuses for manipulating bendable allografts |
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CN110279445B (zh) * | 2019-07-08 | 2022-05-31 | 谢小波 | 一种外科手术用肌腱辅助缝合器 |
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1992
- 1992-09-28 CA CA002079259A patent/CA2079259C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-29 DE DE69230744T patent/DE69230744T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-29 ES ES92308849T patent/ES2142815T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-29 AU AU26068/92A patent/AU658225B2/en not_active Expired
- 1992-09-29 EP EP92308849A patent/EP0535906B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-30 JP JP28554192A patent/JP3389269B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1994
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US3090386A (en) | 1961-07-20 | 1963-05-21 | Curtis Scott Company | Surgical suturing instrument |
US3470875A (en) | 1966-10-06 | 1969-10-07 | Alfred A Johnson | Surgical clamping and suturing instrument |
US3842840A (en) | 1973-05-07 | 1974-10-22 | E Schweizer | Suture applicator |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2287196A (en) | 1995-09-13 |
US5454823A (en) | 1995-10-03 |
US5690653A (en) | 1997-11-25 |
GB2260704B (en) | 1995-08-23 |
GB9120871D0 (en) | 1991-11-13 |
GB2260704A (en) | 1993-04-28 |
CA2079259C (en) | 1998-11-10 |
AU2606892A (en) | 1993-04-01 |
CA2079259A1 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
JPH05237123A (ja) | 1993-09-17 |
GB2287196B (en) | 1995-11-15 |
ES2142815T3 (es) | 2000-05-01 |
EP0535906A2 (en) | 1993-04-07 |
DE69230744T2 (de) | 2000-07-20 |
EP0535906A3 (ja) | 1994-01-19 |
GB9508371D0 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
EP0535906B1 (en) | 2000-03-08 |
AU658225B2 (en) | 1995-04-06 |
DE69230744D1 (de) | 2000-04-13 |
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