JP2020535186A - グルタミニルシクラーゼの阻害剤 - Google Patents
グルタミニルシクラーゼの阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020535186A JP2020535186A JP2020517863A JP2020517863A JP2020535186A JP 2020535186 A JP2020535186 A JP 2020535186A JP 2020517863 A JP2020517863 A JP 2020517863A JP 2020517863 A JP2020517863 A JP 2020517863A JP 2020535186 A JP2020535186 A JP 2020535186A
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- Prior art keywords
- difluoropropoxy
- compound
- formula
- azetidine
- benzo
- Prior art date
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- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
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- A61K31/4184—1,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
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- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Landscapes
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
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- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、グルタミニルシクラーゼ(QC、EC 2.3.2.5)の阻害剤としての向上した薬物動態学的性質を有する新規のアゼチジノン誘導体に関する。QCは、アンモニアの遊離下でのN-末端グルタミン残基のピログルタミン酸(5-オキソ-プロリル、pGlu*)への分子内環化及び水の遊離下でのN-末端グルタミン酸残基のピログルタミン酸への分子内環化を触媒する。
グルタミニルシクラーゼ(QC、EC 2.3.2.5)は、アンモニアを遊離しながら、N-末端グルタミン残基のピログルタミン酸(pGlu*)への分子内環化を触媒する。QCは、1963年にMesserにより、熱帯植物パパイヤ(Carica papaya)の乳液から初めて単離された(Messer, M.の文献、1963 Nature 4874, 1299)。24年後、対応する酵素活性が動物の下垂体で発見された(Busby, W. H. J.らの文献、1987 J Biol Chem 262, 8532-8536; Fischer, W. H.及びSpiess, J.の文献、1987 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84, 3628-3632)。哺乳動物のQCに関して、QCによるGlnからpGluへの変換をTRH及びGnRHの前駆体について示すことができた(Busby, W. H. J.らの文献、1987 J Biol Chem 262, 8532-8536; Fischer, W. H.及びSpiess, J.の文献、1987 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84, 3628-3632)。さらに、初期のQC局在化実験により、ペプチドホルモン合成での示唆された機能をさらに向上させる、ウシ下垂体における推定上の触媒作用産物との共局在が明らかになった(Bockers, T. M.らの文献、1995 J Neuroendocrinol 7, 445-453)。対照的に、植物のQCの生理的機能は、あまり明確ではない。パパイヤ由来の酵素の場合、病原性微生物に対する植物防御における役割が示唆された(El Moussaoui, A.らの文献、2001 Cell Mol Life Sci 58, 556-570)。他の植物に由来する推定上のQCが配列比較によって最近同定された(Dahl, S. W.らの文献、2000 Protein Expr Purif 20, 27-36)。しかしながら、これらの酵素の生理的機能は、依然として不明確である。
「ki」又は「KI」及び「KD」という用語は、結合定数であり、これは、阻害剤の酵素への結合及びその後の酵素からの放出を説明するものである。別の尺度は「IC50」値であり、これは、所与の基質濃度で50%の酵素活性を生じる阻害剤濃度を反映するものである。
(スキーム1: QCによるグルタミンの環化)
(スキーム3: QC(EC)による非荷電グルタミルペプチドのN-末端環化)
好ましい実施態様において、QC阻害との相関関係を考慮して、本対象となる方法及び医学的用途は、QC阻害のIC50が10μM以下、より好ましくは、1μM以下、さらにより好ましくは、0.1μM以下もしくは0.01μM以下、又は最も好ましくは、0.001μM以下である薬剤を利用する。実際、Ki値が、より低いμM、好ましくは、nM、さらにより好ましくは、pMの範囲である阻害剤が想定される。したがって、活性剤は、本明細書において便宜上、「QC阻害剤」と記載されているが、そのような術語は、本発明の主題を特定の作用機構に限定することを意図するものではないことが理解されるであろう。
一般に、本対象となる方法又は医学的用途のQC阻害剤は、例えば、分子量が500g/モル以下、400g/モル以下、好ましくは、350g/モル以下、さらにより好ましくは、300g/モル以下及びさらには250g/モル以下である小分子であろう。
特許請求されている化合物の全ての可能性のある立体異性体が本発明に含まれる。
本発明による化合物の調製プロセスが立体異性体の混合物を生じる場合、これらの異性体は、分取クロマトグラフィーなどの従来の技法によって分離することができる。該化合物をラセミ形態で調製してもよく、又は個々のエナンチオマーをエナンチオ特異的な合成によるかもしくは分割によるかのいずれかによって調製してもよい。該化合物は、例えば、(-)-ジ-p-トルオイル-d-酒石酸及び/又は(+)-ジ-p-トルオイル-l-酒石酸などの、光学活性のある酸との塩形成、その後の分別晶析及び遊離塩基の再生によるジアステレオマー対の形成などの、標準的な技法によって、その成分エナンチオマーに分割することができる。該化合物は、ジアステレオマー的エステル又はアミドの形成、その後のクロマトグラフィーによる分離及びキラル補助基の除去によって分割することもできる。或いは、該化合物は、キラルHPLCカラムを用いて分割することができる。
遊離化合物とその塩又は溶媒和物の形態の化合物の間の密接な関係を考慮して、化合物がこの文脈において言及されるときはいつでも、対応する塩、溶媒和物、又は多形がその状況下で可能又は適切であることを条件として、そのようなものも意図される。
さらに、該化合物の結晶性形態の一部は、多形として存在することができ、かつそれ自体、本発明に含まれることが意図される。さらに、該化合物の一部は、水との溶媒和物(すなわち、水和物)又は一般的な有機溶媒との溶媒和物を形成することができ、そのような溶媒和物も本発明の範囲内に包含されることが意図される。該化合物は、その塩を含め、その水和物の形態で得られるか、又はその結晶化に使用される他の溶媒を含むこともできる。
本発明はさらに、その範囲内に、本発明の化合物のプロドラッグを含む。一般に、そのようなプロドラッグは、所望の治療活性化合物へとインビボで容易に変換可能である化合物の機能的誘導体である。したがって、これらの場合、本発明の治療方法において、「投与する」という用語は、特許請求されている化合物のうちの1つ又は複数の、しかし、対象への投与後に上で特定された化合物へとインビボで変化するプロドラッグ型による、記載されている様々な障害の治療を包含するものとする。好適なプロドラッグ誘導体の選択及び調製のための従来の手順は、例えば、H. Bundgaard編、「プロドラッグの設計(Design of Prodrugs)」(Elsevier, 1985)に記載されている。
本発明の化合物の調製プロセスのいずれかの間に、関係している分子のいずれかの上の感受性基又は反応基を保護することが必要である及び/又は望ましい場合がある。これは、従来の保護基、例えば、引用により本明細書中に完全に組み込まれる、J.F.W. McOmie編、「有機化学における保護基(Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry)」(Plenum Press, 1973);並びにT.W. Greene及びP.G.M. Wutsの文献、「有機合成における保護基(Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis)」(John Wiley & Sons, 1991)に記載されているものによって達成することができる。保護基は、後の好都合な段階で、当技術分野からの公知の方法を用いて除去することができる。
したがって、例えば、懸濁剤、エリキシル剤、及び液剤などの液体経口調製物に関して、好適な担体及び添加剤には、有利なことに、水、グリコール、油、アルコール、着香剤、保存料、着色剤などが含まれてもよく;例えば、散剤、カプセル剤、ゲルキャップ剤、及び錠剤などの固形経口調製物に関して、好適な担体及び添加剤には、デンプン、糖、希釈剤、造粒剤、滑沢剤、結合剤、崩壊剤などが含まれる。
グルタミニルシクラーゼの阻害剤は、当技術分野において公知である。WO2011/029920号及びWO2014/140279号は、特に、オキサゾリジノン部分を含むグルタミニルシクラーゼの阻害剤を開示している。しかしながら、医薬、すなわち、疾患の予防及び療法における使用のためには、投薬レベルを減少させ、それによって、対象への投与後の望まれない副作用を減少させ、かつ有害事象を防ぐために、向上した薬物動態学的性質を有するさらなる化合物が必要とされている。特に、中枢神経系(CNS)の疾患、例えば、軽度認知機能障害、アルツハイマー病、ダウン症候群の神経変性、又は家族性アルツハイマー病などの神経変性疾患の治療又は予防のためには、CNSでの、例えば、脳及びCSFでのレベルの増加及び半減期の増加を示す新たな化合物が必要とされている。
Aは、1H-ベンゾイミダゾリル及びイミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジンから選択されるヘテロアリールであり;
R1は、水素、アルキル、又はハロゲンを表し;
R2は、水素、アルキル、又はハロゲンを表し;
R3は、水素、アルキル、又はアルコキシを表し;
R4は、水素又はアルキルを表し;かつ
R5は、水素、アルキル、又はハロゲンを表し;
かつ
上記アルキル基又はアルコキシ基は、1個以上のハロゲンで任意に置換される)。
驚くべきことに、フェニルアゼチジノン残基を備える化合物が、従来技術において既に存在するグルタミニルシクラーゼ阻害剤と比較して、多数の利点を有するグルタミニルシクラーゼの阻害剤となることが本発明者らによって見いだされた。これらの化合物は、グルタミニルシクラーゼ(QC)の強力な阻害剤であるとともに、そのアイソエンザイム、すなわち、グルタミニル-ペプチドシクロトランスフェラーゼ様タンパク質(QPCTL)の強力な阻害剤でもある。該化合物のKi値などの阻害剤定数は、低ナノモル濃度範囲にある。該化合物の有効性を、フェニル環のハロゲン化、特に、フッ素化によって向上させることができた。
R1は、水素又はハロゲンを表し;
R2は、水素又はハロゲンを表し;
R3は、水素又はアルコキシを表し;
R4は、水素を表し;かつ
R5は、水素又はハロゲンを表し;
かつ
上記アルコキシ基は、1個以上のハロゲンで任意に置換されている)。
好ましい実施態様において、R1は、水素である。
別の好ましい実施態様において、R1は、ハロゲンであり、最も好ましくは、フッ素である。
好ましい実施態様において、R2は、水素である。
別の好ましい実施態様において、R2は、ハロゲンであり、最も好ましくは、フッ素である。
別の最も好ましい実施態様において、R3は、メトキシである。
別の最も好ましい実施態様において、R3は、2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ又は3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシを表す。
好ましい実施態様において、R5は、水素である。
別の好ましい実施態様において、R5は、ハロゲンであり、最も好ましくは、フッ素である。
より好ましくは、R1、R2、R4、及びR5のうちの1つは、フッ素である。
さらにより好ましくは、R1、R2、R4、及びR5のうちの2つは、フッ素である。
R1及びR5が、フッ素であり、かつR2、及びR4が、水素であるか;又は
R1、及びR2が、フッ素であり、かつR4、及びR5が、水素である。
R1が、フッ素であり;
R2が、水素であり;
R3が、メトキシ、2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ、又は3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシであり;
R4が、水素であり;かつ
R5が、フッ素であるか;
又は
R1が、フッ素であり、
R2が、水素であり、
R3が、2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ又は3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシであり;
R4が、水素であり;かつ
R5が、水素であるか;
又は
R1が、フッ素であり、
R2が、フッ素であり、
R3が、2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ又は3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシであり;
R4が、水素であり;かつ
R5が、水素であるか;
又は
R1が、フッ素であり、
R2が、水素であり、
R3が、2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ又は3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシであり;
R4が、水素であり;かつ
R5が、フッ素である。
本発明のさらなる態様により、以下を含む式(I)の化合物を調製するためのプロセスが提供される:
(a)式(II)の化合物から式(I)の化合物を調製すること:
哺乳動物におけるQC(EC)の生理的基質は、例えば、アミロイドβ-ペプチド(3-40)、(3-42)、(11-40)、及び(11-42)、ABri、ADan、ガストリン、ニューロテンシン、FPP、CCL2、CCL7、CCL8、CCL16、CCL18、フラクタルカイン、オレキシンA、[Gln3]-グルカゴン(3-29)、[Gln5]-サブスタンスP(5-11)、並びにペプチドQYNADである。さらなる詳細については、表1を参照されたい。本発明による化合物及び/又は組合せ、並びに少なくとも1つのQC(EC)阻害剤を含む医薬組成物は、QC活性の調節によって治療することができる状態の治療に有用である。
(表1:環化されて最終的なpGluになりやすい、N-末端グルタミン残基を有する生理活性ペプチドのアミノ酸配列)
好ましい実施態様において、本発明は、少なくとも1つのQC阻害剤を、向知性剤、神経保護物質、抗パーキンソン病薬、アミロイドタンパク質沈着阻害剤、βアミロイド合成阻害剤、抗鬱薬、抗不安薬、抗精神病薬、及び抗多発性硬化症薬からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの他の薬剤と任意に組み合わせて含む、組成物、好ましくは、医薬組成物を提供する。
(a)ベンゾジアゼピン、例えば、アルプラゾラム、クロルジアゼポキシド、クロバザム、クロナゼパム、クロラゼペート、ジアゼパム、フルジアゼパム、ロフラゼペート、ロラゼパム、メタカロン、オキサゼパム、プラゼパム、トランゼン、
(b)選択的セロトニン再取込み阻害剤(SSRI)、例えば、シタロプラム、フルオキセチン、フルボキサミン、エスシタロプラム、セルトラリン、パロキセチン、
(c)三環系抗鬱薬、例えば、アミトリプチリン、クロミプラミン、デシプラミン、ドキセピン、イミプラミン、
(d)モノアミンオキシダーゼ(MAO)阻害剤、
(e)アザピロン系薬、例えば、ブスピロン、タンドプシロン(tandopsirone)、
(f)セロトニン-ノルエピネフリン再取込み阻害剤(SNRI)、例えば、ベンラファキシン、デュロキセチン、
(g)ミルタザピン、
(h)ノルエピネフリン再取込み阻害剤(NRI)、例えば、レボキセチン、
(i)ブプロピオン、
(j)ネファゾドン、
(k)β遮断薬、
(l)NPY-受容体リガンド:NPYアゴニスト又はアンタゴニスト
からなる群から選択される抗不安薬又は抗鬱薬であってもよい。
a)ジヒドロオロト酸デヒドロゲナーゼ阻害剤、例えば、SC-12267、テリフルノミド、MNA-715、HMR-1279(HMR-1715、MNA-279と同義)、
b)自己免疫抑制薬、例えば、ラキニモド、
c)パクリタキセル、
d)抗体、例えば、AGT-1、抗顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM-CSF)モノクローナル抗体、Nogo受容体モジュレーター、ABT-874、アレムツズマブ(CAMPATH)、抗OX40抗体、CNTO-1275、DN-1921、ナタリズマブ(AN-100226、Antegren、VLA-4 Mabと同義)、ダクリズマブ(Zenepax、Ro-34-7375、SMART抗Tacと同義)、J-695、プリリキシマブ(Centara、CEN-000029、cM-T412と同義)、MRA、Dantes、抗IL-12抗体、
e)ペプチド核酸(PNA)調製物、例えば、レティキュロース、
f)インターフェロンα、例えば、αフェロン、ヒトαインターフェロン(オムニフェロン、αロイコフェロンと同義)、
g)インターフェロンβ、例えば、Frone、アボネックスのようなインターフェロンβ-1a、Betron(レビフ)、インターフェロンβ類似体、インターフェロンβ-トランスフェリン融合タンパク質、ベタセロンのような組換えインターフェロンβ-1b、
h)インターフェロンτ、
i)ペプチド、例えば、AT-008、AnergiX.MS、イムノカイン(α-イムノカイン-NNSO3)、ZD-7349のような環状ペプチド、
j)治療的酵素、例えば、可溶性CD8(sCD8)、
k)多発性硬化症特異的自己抗原をコードするプラスミド及びサイトカインをコードするプラスミド、例えば、BHT-3009;
l)TNF-αの阻害剤、例えば、BLX-1002、サリドマイド、SH-636、
m)TNFアンタゴニスト、例えば、ソリマスタット、レネルセプト(RO-45-2081、Tenefuseと同義)、オネルセプト(sTNFR1)、CC-1069、
n)TNFα、例えば、エタネルセプト(Enbrel、TNR-001と同義)
o)CD28アンタゴニスト、例えば、アバタセプト、
p)Lckチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、
q)カテプシンK阻害剤、
r)ニューロンを標的とする膜輸送体タンパク質タウリンの類似体及び植物由来のカルパイン阻害剤ロイペプチン、例えば、Neurodur、
s)ケモカイン受容体-1(CCR1)アンタゴニスト、例えば、BX-471、
t)CCR2アンタゴニスト、
u)AMPA受容体アンタゴニスト、例えば、ER-167288-01及びER-099487、E-2007、タランパネル、
v)カリウムチャネル遮断薬、例えば、ファムプリジン、
w)VLA-4/VCAM相互作用のトシル-プロリン-フェニルアラニン低分子アンタゴニスト、例えば、TBC-3342、
x)細胞接着分子阻害剤、例えば、TBC-772、
y)アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド、例えば、EN-101、
z)肥満細胞受容体に結合する遊離免疫グロブリン軽鎖(IgLC)のアンタゴニスト、例えば、F-991、
aa)アポトーシス誘導性抗原、例えば、Apogen MS、
bb)α-2アドレナリン受容体アゴニスト、例えば、チザニジン(ザナフレックス、テルネリン、シルダルボ(Sirdalvo)、シルダルード、ミオニジン(Mionidine)と同義)、
cc)L-チロシン、L-リジン、L-グルタミン酸、及びL-アラニンのコポリマー、例えば、グラチラマー酢酸塩(コパキソン、COP-1、コポリマー-1と同義)、
dd)トポイソメラーゼIIモジュレーター、例えば、塩酸ミトキサントロン、
ee)アデノシンデアミナーゼ阻害剤、例えば、クラドリビン(ロイスタチン、Mylinax、RWJ-26251と同義)、
ff)インターロイキン-10、例えば、イロデカキン(テノビル、Sch-52000、CSIFと同義)、
gg)インターロイキン-12アンタゴニスト、例えば、リソフィリン(lisofylline)(CT-1501R、LSF、リソフィリン(lysofylline)と同義)、
hh)エタンアミニウム、例えば、SRI-62-834(CRC-8605、NSC-614383と同義)、
ii)免疫調節物質、例えば、SAIK-MS、PNU-156804、α-フェトタンパク質ペプチド(AFP)、IPDS、
jj)レチノイド受容体アゴニスト、例えば、アダパレン(ディフェリン、CD-271と同義)、
kk)TGF-β、例えば、GDF-1(増殖分化因子1)、
ii)TGF-β-2、例えば、ベータカイン、
mm)MMP阻害剤、例えば、グリコメド、
nn)ホスホジエステラーゼ4(PDE4)阻害剤、例えば、RPR-122818、
oo)プリンヌクレオシドホスホリラーゼ阻害剤、例えば、9-(3-ピリジルメチル)-9-デアザグアニン、ペルデシン(BCX-34、TO-200と同義)、
mm)α-4/β-1インテグリンアンタゴニスト、例えば、ISIS-104278、
qq)アンチセンスα4インテグリン(CD49d)、例えば、ISIS-17044、ISIS-27104、
rr)サイトカイン誘導剤、例えば、ヌクレオシド、ICN-17261、
ss)サイトカイン阻害剤、
tt)熱ショックタンパク質ワクチン、例えば、HSPPC-96、
uu)ニューレグリン成長因子、例えば、GGF-2(ニューレグリン、グリア成長因子2と同義)、
vv)カテプシンS阻害剤、
ww)ブロピリミン類似体、例えば、PNU-56169、PNU-63693、
xx)単球走化性タンパク質-1阻害剤、例えば、ベンゾイミダゾール様MCP-1阻害剤、LKS-1456、PD-064036、PD-064126、PD-084486、PD-172084、PD-172386
からなる群から選択される、抗多発性硬化症薬であってもよい。
(i)WO99/61431号に開示されているジペプチド様化合物、例えば、N-バリルプロリル、O-ベンゾイルヒドロキシルアミン、アラニルピロリジン、L-アロ-イソロイシルチアゾリジンのようなイソロイシルチアゾリジン、L-トレオ-イソロイシルピロリジン及びその塩、特に、フマル酸塩、並びにL-アロ-イソロイシルピロリジン及びその塩;
(ii)WO03/002593号に開示されているペプチド構造、例えば、トリペプチド;
(iii)WO03/033524号に開示されているペプチジルケトン;
(vi)WO03/040174号に開示されている置換アミノケトン;
(v)WO01/14318号に開示されている局所活性DP IV阻害剤;
(vi)WO99/67278号及びWO99/67279号に開示されているDP IV阻害剤のプロドラッグ;並びに
(v)WO03/072556号及びWO2004/099134号に開示されているグルタミニルベースのDP IV阻害剤
である。
PF-4360365、m266、バピネオズマブ、R-1450、Posiphen、(+)-フェンセリン、MK-0752、LY-450139、E-2012、(R)-フルルビプロフェン、AZD-103、AAB-001(バピネオズマブ)、トラミプロセート、EGb-761、TAK-070、ドキソフィリン、テオフィリン、シロミラスト、トフィミラスト、ロフルミラスト、テトミラスト、チペルカスト、イブジラスト、HT-0712、MEM-1414、オグレミラスト、リネゾリド、ブジピン、イソカルボキサジド、フェネルジン、トラニルシプロミン、インダンタドール、モクロベミド、ラサジリン、ラドスチギル、サフィナミド、ABT-239、ABT-834、GSK-189254A、シプロキシファン、JNJ-17216498、Fmoc-Ala-Pyrr-CN、Z-Phe-Pro-ベンゾチアゾール、Z-321、ONO-1603、JTP-4819、S-17092、BIBP3226;(R)-N2-(ジフェニルアセチル)-(R)-N-[1-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エチル]アルギニンアミド、セビメリン、サブコメリン、(PD-151832)、ドネペジル、リバスチグミン、(-)-フェンセリン、ラドスチギル、ガランタミン、タクリン、メトリホナート、メマンチン、トピラマート、AVP-923、EN-3231、ネラメキサン、バルサルタン、ベナゼプリル、エナラプリル、ヒドロクロロチアジド、アムロジピン、ジルチアゼム、イスラジピン、ニカルジピン、ニフェジピン、ニモジピン、ニソルジピン、ニトレンジピン、ベラパミル、アムロジピン、アセブトロール、アテノロール、ベタキソロール、ビソプロロール、カルテオロール、カルベジロール、エスモロール、ラベタロール、メトプロロール、ナドロール、オクスプレノロール、ペンブトロール、ピンドロール、プロプラノロール、ソタロール、チモロール、PLAVIX(登録商標)(クロピドグレル重硫酸塩)、PLETAL(登録商標)(シロスタゾール)、アスピリン、ZETIA(登録商標)(エゼチミブ)及びKT6-971、スタチン、アトルバスタチン、ピタバスタチン、又はシムバスタチン;デキサメタゾン、クラドリビン、ラパマイシン、ビンクリスチン、タキソール、アリスキレン、C-243、ABN-912、SSR-150106、MLN-1202、並びにベタフェロン。
−アテローム性動脈硬化症の治療及び/又は予防のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、アトルバスタチンとの組合せ、
−再狭窄の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、免疫抑制薬、好ましくは、ラパマイシンとの組合せ、
−再狭窄の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、免疫抑制薬、好ましくは、パクリタキセルとの組合せ、
−アルツハイマー病の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、AChE阻害剤、好ましくは、ドネペジルとの組合せ、
−多発性硬化症の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、インターフェロン、好ましくは、アロネックス(Aronex)との組合せ、
−多発性硬化症の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、インターフェロン、好ましくは、ベタフェロンとの組合せ、
−多発性硬化症の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、インターフェロン、好ましくは、レビフとの組合せ、
−多発性硬化症の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、コパキソンとの組合せ、
−再狭窄の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、デキサメタゾンとの組合せ、
−アテローム性動脈硬化の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、デキサメタゾンとの組合せ、
−関節リウマチの予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、デキサメタゾンとの組合せ、
−再狭窄の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、HMG-Co-A-レダクターゼ阻害剤との組合せ(ここで、該HMG-Co-A-レダクターゼ阻害剤は、アトルバスタチン、セリバスタチン、フルバスタチン、ロバスタチン、ピタバスタチン、プラバスタチン、ロスバスタチン、及びシンバスタチンから選択される)、
−アテローム性動脈硬化症の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、HMG-Co-A-レダクターゼ阻害剤との組合せ(ここで、該HMG-Co-A-レダクターゼ阻害剤は、アトルバスタチン、セリバスタチン、フルバスタチン、ロバスタチン、ピタバスタチン、プラバスタチン、ロスバスタチン、及びシンバスタチンから選択される)、
−関節リウマチの予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、HMG-Co-A-レダクターゼ阻害剤との組合せ(ここで、該HMG-Co-A-レダクターゼ阻害剤は、アトルバスタチン、セリバスタチン、フルバスタチン、ロバスタチン、ピタバスタチン、プラバスタチン、ロスバスタチン、及びシンバスタチンから選択される)、
−軽度認知機能障害の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、アミロイド-β抗体との組合せ(ここで、該アミロイド-β抗体はAcl-24である)、
−アルツハイマー病の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、アミロイド-β抗体との組合せ(ここで、アミロイド-β抗体は、Acl-24である)、
−ダウン症候群の神経変性の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、アミロイド-β抗体との組合せ(ここで、アミロイド-β抗体は、Acl-24である)、
−軽度認知機能障害の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、βセクレターゼ阻害剤との組合せ(ここで、β-セクレターゼ阻害剤は、WY-25105、GW-840736X、及びCTS-21166から選択される)、
−アルツハイマー病の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、βセクレターゼ阻害剤との組合せ(ここで、β-セクレターゼ阻害剤は、WY-25105、GW-840736X、及びCTS-21166から選択される)、
−ダウン症候群の神経変性の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、βセクレターゼ阻害剤との組合せ(ここで、β-セクレターゼ阻害剤は、WY-25105、GW-840736X、及びCTS-21166から選択される)、
−軽度認知機能障害の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、γ-セクレターゼ阻害剤との組合せ(ここで、γ-セクレターゼ阻害剤は、LY-450139、LY-411575、及びAN-37124から選択される)、
−アルツハイマー病の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、γ-セクレターゼ阻害剤との組合せ(ここで、γ-セクレターゼ阻害剤は、LY-450139、LY-411575、及びAN-37124から選択される)、
−ダウン症候群の神経変性の予防及び/又は治療のための、QC阻害剤、好ましくは、式(I)のQC阻害剤、より好ましくは、1、2、4、5、7、9、11、13、15、及び17〜29のいずれか1つから選択されるQC阻害剤と、γ-セクレターゼ阻害剤との組合せ(ここで、γ-セクレターゼ阻害剤は、LY-450139、LY-411575、及びAN-37124から選択される)。
本発明の医薬組成物を調製するために、他の前述の薬剤のうちの少なくとも1つと任意に組み合わせた少なくとも1つの式(I)の化合物を活性成分として使用することができる。活性成分は、従来の医薬配合技法に従って、医薬担体と密に混合され、この担体は、例えば、経口投与又は筋肉内投与などの非経口投与に望ましい調製物の形態に応じて、多種多様な形態を取ることができる。組成物を経口剤形で調製する際に、通常の医薬媒体のいずれを利用してもよい。したがって、例えば、懸濁剤、エリキシル剤、及び液剤などの液体経口調製物に関して、好適な担体及び添加剤には、水、グリコール、油、アルコール、着香剤、保存料、着色剤などが含まれ;例えば、散剤、カプセル剤、ゲルキャップ剤、及び錠剤などの固形経口調製物に関して、好適な担体及び添加剤には、デンプン、糖、希釈剤、造粒剤、滑沢剤、結合剤、崩壊剤などが含まれる。錠剤及びカプセル剤は、その投与の容易さのために、最も有利な経口投薬単位形態であり、その場合、固形医薬担体が明らかに使用される。望ましい場合、錠剤を、標準的技法により、糖衣するか又は腸溶性コーティングすることができる。非経口物に関して、担体は、通常、滅菌水を含むが、例えば、溶解の補助などの目的のために、又は保存のために他の成分を含む場合もある。
(一般的な合成の説明:)
(方法1)
1.2当量の5-アミノ-ベンゾイミダゾール及び1.0当量の各アルデヒドを、トルオールに溶解させ、還流下1晩加熱した。反応の完結後、溶媒を除去し、残ったオイルをさらに精製することなく後の工程で使用した。
2.0当量の亜鉛末を、ベンゾール中に懸濁させた。アルゴン雰囲気下、0.7当量のTMS-Clを加えた。その後、混合物を、還流下15分間撹拌した。室温まで冷却した後に、1当量のシッフ塩基及び1.7当量のブロモ酢酸エチルエステルを加えた。混合物を、還流下に1晩保った。その後、溶媒を除去し、残渣を少量の塩化メチレンに入れ、シリカゲルに載せ、CH2Cl2/MeOHグラジエントを適用するカラムクロマトグラフィーに処した。
クロロトリメチルシラン(0.5当量)を、乾燥ベンゼン(50mL)中の亜鉛末(1.5当量)の懸濁液に加え、10分間リフラックスした。反応物を、0℃まで冷却し、ブロモ酢酸エチル(1.5当量)及び乾燥ベンゼン中のI(1当量)の溶液を続けて加え、2時間リフラックスした。反応物を、飽和塩化アンモニウム溶液でクエンチし、酢酸エチルで抽出した。合わせた有機層を、水、ブラインで順次洗浄し;無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、真空下濃縮して、粗生成物を得た。溶離液として石油エーテル中20〜25%の酢酸エチルを用いるシリカゲル(60〜120メッシュ)でのカラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製によって、IIを得た。
重クロム酸ピリジニウム(4当量)、モレキュラーシーブを、0℃でジクロロメタン(400mL)中のII(1当量)の溶液に加え、室温で4時間撹拌した。反応物を、セライトで濾過し、ジクロロメタンで洗浄した。合わせた濾液及び洗液を、真空下濃縮して、粗生成物を得た。溶離液として石油エーテル中15%の酢酸エチルを用いるシリカゲル(60〜120メッシュ)でのカラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製によって、IIIを得た。
キシレン中のtert-ブチル 5-アミノ-1H-ベンゾイミダゾール-1-カルボキシレート(0.9当量)の溶液を、キシレン中のIII(1当量)及びピリジンの溶液に加え、140℃の蒸留コンデンサーを取り付けた丸底フラスコに入れた。反応物を、160℃にさらに加熱し、キシレンを集めた。溶媒を真空下エバポレートして、粗生成物を得た。溶離液としてDCM中5%のメタノールを用いるシリカゲル(60〜120メッシュ)でのカラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製によって、IVを得た。
水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(2当量)を、0℃のテトラヒドロフランとメタノールの混合物中のIV(1当量)の溶液に一度に加え、15分間撹拌した。反応物を、飽和塩化アンモニウム溶液中にクエンチし、酢酸エチルで抽出した。合わせた有機層を、水、ブラインで順次洗浄し;無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、真空下濃縮し、石油エーテルでトリチュレートし、減圧乾燥して、Vを得た。
ジエチルアゾジカルボキシレート(1.5当量)を、0℃の乾燥テトラヒドロフラン中のV(1当量)及びトリフェニルホスフィン(1.5当量)の撹拌溶液に加え、30分間室温で撹拌した。反応物を、水でクエンチし、酢酸エチルで抽出した。合わせた有機層を、水、ブラインで洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、真空下濃縮して、粗生成物を得た。溶離液として石油エーテル中の35%の酢酸エチルを用いるシリカゲル(60〜120メッシュ)でのカラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製によって、VIを得た。
トリフルオロ酢酸酸を、0℃のジクロロメタン中の粗生成物VI(1当量)の溶液に加え、室温で2時間撹拌した。揮発性物質を、真空下エバポレートし、得られた残渣を、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム溶液と酢酸エチルとの間に分配した。有機層を分離し、水層を酢酸エチルで抽出した。合わせた有機層を、水、ブラインで順次洗浄し;無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、真空下濃縮して、粗生成物を得た。溶離液としてジクロロメタン中の5〜8%のメタノールを用いる中性アルミナでのカラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製によって、VIIを得た。
(実施例1)
本化合物は、方法1によって合成された:
(rac1-(1H-ベンゾイミダゾール-5-イル)-4-フェニルアゼチジン-2-オン:)
工程A: 80mLのトルオール中の5-アミノベンゾイミダゾール(1.33g、10mmol)、ベンズアルデヒド(1.27g、1.22mL、12mmol)から、1.62gの粗生成物Iを得た;
工程B: I(0.433g、2mmol)、亜鉛末(0.262g、4mmol)、TMS-Cl(0.180mL、1.4mmol)、ブロモ酢酸エチルエステル(0.377mL、3.4mmol)。収量:0.089g(5.6%); MS m/z 285.1 (M+H)+;
((R)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-6-イル)-4-フェニルアゼチジン-2-オン 2)
実施例1(0.089g)に対し、キラル分取HPLCを行い、化合物2を得た。収量:0.025g、
実施例1(0.089g)に対しキラル分取HPLCを行い、化合物3を得た。収量:0.025g、
(Rac 1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)-4-(2,6-ジフルオロ-4-メトキシフェニル)アゼチジン-2-オン 4)
工程A: 80mLのトルオール中の5-アミノベンゾイミダゾール(0.690g、5.2mmol)、2,5-ジフルオロ-4メトキシ-ベンズアルデヒド(1.07g、6.2mmol)から、1.66gの粗生成物Iを得た;
工程B: I(1.15g、4mmol)、亜鉛末(0.524g、8.31mmol)、TMS-Cl(0.360mL、2.8mmol)、ブロモ酢酸エチルエステル(0.754mL、6.8mmol)。収量:0.022g(1.2%); MS m/z 330.4 (M+H)+;
本化合物は、方法2によって調製された。
(rac-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン)
工程A:乾燥ベンゼン(20mL)中、クロロトリメチルシラン(1.2mL、9.174mmol)、亜鉛末(1.8g、27.52mmol)、ベンゼン(50mL)、ブロモ酢酸エチル(3.0mL、27.52mmol)、4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロベンズアルデヒド(4.0g、18.34mmol)、収量:4g(73%)
工程B:重クロム酸ピリジニウム(19.6g、52.28mmol)、モレキュラーシーブ(19.6g)を、ジクロロメタン(400mL)中のエチル 3-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-3-ヒドロキシプロパノエート(4.0g、13.07mmol)の溶液に加えた。収量 3.5g(88%)。
工程C:キシレン(20mL)中のtert-ブチル 5-アミノ-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-1-カルボキシレート(1.7g、7.40mmol)を、キシレン(40mL)中のエチル 3-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-3-オキソプロパノエート(2.5g、8.22mmol)及びピリジン(0.5mL)の溶液に加えた。収量 2.2g(50.7%)。
工程D: 0℃で、テトラヒドロフラン(35mL)及びメタノール(15mL)の混合物中、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(340mg、8.944mmol)、N-(1-tert-ブチル-オキシカルボニル-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル-)3-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-3-オキソプロパンアミド(2.2g、4.47mmol)。収量 1.8g(77,6%)。
工程E:ジエチルアゾジカルボキシレート(1.2mL、7.59mmol)、N-(1-tert-ブチル-オキシカルボニル-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル-)3-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-3-ヒドロキシプロパンアミド(2.5g、5.060mmol)、及びトリフェニルホスフィン(1.98g、7.59mmol)、テトラヒドロフラン(30mL)、0℃。収量:1.0g(42%)。
工程F:トリフルオロ酢酸酸(2mL)を、0℃のジクロロメタン(20mL)中の粗tert-ブチル 6-(2-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-4-オキソアゼチジン-1-イル)-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-1-カルボキシレート(1.0g、2.08mmol)の溶液に加えた。収量:0.3g(40%)。
残りを、以下の条件を用いてキラル分取HPLCによって精製した:
カラム:Chiralcel-OX-H(250×30×5.0μ);移動相:ヘキサン(0.1%DEA):エタノール(75:25);流速:30mL/分;希釈剤:移動相、分取画分を真空下エバポレートして、各実施例80mgを得た:
(R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン(5)
融解範囲:150〜155℃;
(S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン(6)
融解範囲:137〜142℃;
(rac4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン)
工程A:乾燥ベンゼン(20mL)中、クロロトリメチルシラン(0.8mL、6.35mmol)、亜鉛末(1.16g、7.79mmol)、ベンゼン(80mL)、ブロモ酢酸エチル(1.69mL、15.25mmol)、4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロベンズアルデヒド(3.0g、12.71mmol)。収量:2g(51%)。
工程B:重クロム酸ピリジニウム(9.28g、24.69mmol)、モレキュラーシーブ(18.5g)を、ジクロロメタン(300mL)中のエチル 3-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-フルオロフェニル)-3-ヒドロキシプロパノエート(2g、6.17mmol)の溶液に加えた。収量 1.8g(91%)。
工程C:キシレン(30mL)中のtert-ブチル 5-アミノ-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-1-カルボキシレート(1.17g、5.03mmol)を、キシレン(40mL)中のエチル 3-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-3-オキソプロパノエート(1.8g、5.59mmol)及びピリジン(0.5mL)の溶液に加えた。収量 2.6g(86.5%)。
工程D: 0℃で、テトラヒドロフラン(35mL)及びメタノール(15mL)の混合物中、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(386mg、10.22mmol))、N-(1-tert-ブチル-オキシカルボニル-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル-)3-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-3-オキソプロパンアミド(2.6g、5.11mmol)。収量 1.4g(53.6%)。
工程E:ジエチルアゾジカルボキシレート(0.64mL、4.11mmol)、N-(1-tert-ブチル-オキシカルボニル-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル-)3-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-フルオロフェニル)-3-ヒドロキシプロパンアミド(1.4g、2.74mmol)、及びトリフェニルホスフィン(1.08g、4.11mmol)、テトラヒドロフラン(30mL)、0℃。収量:2.5gの粗生成物。
工程F:トリフルオロ酢酸酸(6mL)を、0℃のジクロロメタン(30mL)中の粗tert-ブチル 6-(2-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-4-オキソアゼチジン-1-イル)-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-1-カルボキシレート(2.5g、5.08mmol)の溶液に加えた。溶離液としてジクロロメタン中の1〜1.5%のメタノールを用いる中性アルミナでのカラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製によって、rac4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オンを得た。
収量:0.45g。残りを、以下の条件を用いてキラル分取HPLCによって精製した:
カラム:Chiralcel-OX-H(250×30×5.0μ);移動相:A:ヘキサン(0.1%DEA);エタノール(75:25);流速:30mL/分;希釈剤:移動相。
希釈剤:移動相、分取画分を真空下エバポレートして、各実施例80mgを得た:
(R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン(7)
融解範囲:165〜170℃;
融解範囲:148〜153℃;
(rac-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン)
工程A:乾燥ベンゼン(20mL)中、クロロトリメチルシラン(1.3mL、10.58mmol)、亜鉛末(1.93g、29.66mmol)、ベンゼン(30mL)、ブロモ酢酸エチル(2.8mL、25.14mmol)、4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロベンズアルデヒド(5g、21.18mmol)。収量:4.5g(66%)。
工程B:ジクロロメタン(400mL)中、重クロム酸ピリジニウム(15.67g、41.65mmol)、3-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-フルオロフェニル)-3-ヒドロキシプロパノエート(4.5g、13.88mmol)。収量 1.2g(28%)。
工程C:キシレン(30mL)中のtert-ブチル 5-アミノ-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-1-カルボキシレート(0.92g、3.975mmol)を、キシレン(30mL)中のエチル 3-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-3-オキソプロパノエート(1.6g、4.968mmol)及びピリジン(0.5mL)の溶液に加えた。収量 2.0gの粗生成物。
工程D: 0℃で、テトラヒドロフラン(21mL)及びメタノール(9mL)の混合物中、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(297mg、7.858mmol)、N-(1-tert-ブチル-オキシカルボニル-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル-)3-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-3-オキソプロパンアミド(2g、3.929mmol)。収量 1.3g(53.62%)。
工程E:ジエチルアゾジカルボキシレート(0.6mL、4.07mmol)、N-(1-tert-ブチル-オキシカルボニル-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル-)3-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-3-ヒドロキシプロパンアミド(1.3g、2.54mmol)及びトリフェニルホスフィン(1g、4.07mmol)、テトラヒドロフラン(30mL)、0℃。収量:0.75gの粗生成物。
工程F:トリフルオロ酢酸酸(1mL)を、0℃のジクロロメタン(10mL)中の粗tert-ブチル 6-(2-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-4-オキソアゼチジン-1-イル)-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-1-カルボキシレート(2.5g、5.08mmol)の溶液に加え、分取TLCによって精製して、70mgのrac4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オンを淡黄色の固体として得た。これを、以下の条件を用いてキラル分取HPLCによって精製した:
カラム:Chiralcel-OX-H(250×30×5.0μ);移動相:A:ヘキサン(0.1%DEA);エタノール(75:25);流速:30mL/分;希釈剤:移動相。分取画分を、真空下エバポレートして、28mg及び18mgの各エナンチオマーを得た。
(R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン(9)
(S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン(10)
(rac4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン)
工程A:乾燥ベンゼン(20mL)中、クロロトリメチルシラン(0.81mL、6.88mmol)、亜鉛末(1.26g、19.26mmol)、ベンゼン(30mL)、ブロモ酢酸エチル(1.9mL、16.51mmol)、4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロベンズアルデヒド(3g、13.76mmol)。収量:3g(75%)。
工程B:重クロム酸ピリジニウム(13.80g、36.72mmol)、モレキュラーシーブ(15g)を、ジクロロメタン(400mL)中のエチル 3-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-3-ヒドロキシプロパノエート(2.8g、9.18mmol)の溶液に加えた。収量 2.2g(79%)。
工程C:キシレン(30mL)中のtert-ブチル 5-アミノ-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-1-カルボキシレート(830mg、3.56mmol)を、キシレン(30mL)中のエチル 3-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-3-オキソプロパノエート(1.2g、3.96mmol)及びピリジン(0.5mL)の溶液に加えた。収量 1.8gの粗生成物。
工程D:0℃のテトラヒドロフラン(21mL)及びメタノール(9mL)の混合物中、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(280mg、7.33mmol)、N-(1-tert-ブチル-オキシカルボニル-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル-)3-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-3-オキソプロパンアミド(1.8g、3.66mmol)。収量 0.75g(42.2%)。
工程E: 0℃での、ジエチルアゾジカルボキシレート(0.36mL、2.27mmol)、N-(1-tert-ブチル-オキシカルボニル-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル-)3-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-3-ヒドロキシプロパンアミド(700mg、1.42mmol)、及びトリフェニルホスフィン(700mg、1.42mmol)、テトラヒドロフラン(30mL)。収量:1.0gの粗生成物。
工程F:トリフルオロ酢酸酸(4mL)を、0℃のジクロロメタン中の(20mL)粗tert-ブチル 6-(2-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-4-オキソアゼチジン-1-イル)-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-1-カルボキシレート(1.0g、2.08mmol)の溶液に加えた。収量:0.13g(40%)。同じ合成を(同じ量で)繰り返して、さらに120mgのrac4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オンを得た。双方を合わせ(〜250mg)、以下の条件を用いてキラル分取HPLCによって精製した:
カラム:Chiralcel-OX-H(250×30×5.0μ);移動相:A:ヘキサン(0.1%DEA);エタノール(75:25);流速:30mL/分;希釈剤:移動相。
分取画分を真空下エバポレートし、ジエチルエーテルでトリチュレートして、それぞれ70mgの各異性体を得た。
(R)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン(11)
融解範囲:165〜170℃;
(S)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン(12)
融解範囲:203〜208℃;
(Rac-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン)
工程A:乾燥ベンゼン(20mL)中、クロロトリメチルシラン(0.79mL、6.35mmol)、亜鉛末(1.2g、19.06mmol)、ベンゼン(30mL)、ブロモ酢酸エチル(1.6mL、15.25mmol)、4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロベンズアルデヒド(3g、12.7mmol)。収量:3.1g(79%)。
工程B:重クロム酸ピリジニウム(13.92g、37.03mmol)を、ジクロロメタン(400mL)中のエチル 3-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-フルオロフェニル)-3-ヒドロキシプロパノエート(3g、9.25mmol)の溶液に加えた。収量 1.2g(40%)。
工程C:キシレン(30mL)中のtert-ブチル 5-アミノ-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-1-カルボキシレート(0.72g、3.03mmol)を、キシレン(30mL)中のエチル 3-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-3-オキソプロパノエート(1.2g、3.77mmol)及びピリジン(0.5mL)の溶液に加えた。収量 1.8gの粗生成物。
工程D: 0℃で、テトラヒドロフラン(21mL)及びメタノール(9mL)の混合物中、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(268mg、7.07mmol)、N-(1-tert-ブチル-オキシカルボニル-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル-)3-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-3-オキソプロパンアミド(1.8g、3.5mmol)。収量 1.2g(67.0%)。
工程E:ジエチルアゾジカルボキシレート(0.6mL、3.67mmol)、N-(1-tert-ブチル-オキシカルボニル-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル-)3-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-フルオロフェニル)-3-ヒドロキシプロパンアミド(1.2g、2.43mmol)及びトリフェニルホスフィン(0.96g、3.67mmol)、テトラヒドロフラン(30mL)、0℃。収量:0.4gの粗生成物。
工程F:トリフルオロ酢酸酸(1mL)を、0℃のジクロロメタン(10mL)中の粗tert-ブチル 6-(2-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-4-オキソアゼチジン-1-イル)-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-1-カルボキシレート(400mg、0.811mmol)の溶液に加えた。収量:0.07g(22%)。
これを、以下の条件を用いてキラル分取HPLCによって精製した:
カラム:Chiralcel-OX-H(250×30×5.0μ);移動相:A:ヘキサン(0.1%DEA);エタノール(75:25);流速:30mL/分;希釈剤:移動相。分取画分を、真空下エバポレートして、30mg及び34mgの各エナンチオマー得た。
(R)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン(13)
融解範囲:173〜177℃;
(S)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン(14)
融解範囲:170〜174℃;
(Rac-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン)
工程A:乾燥ベンゼン(20mL)中、クロロトリメチルシラン(0.7mL、5.8mmol)、亜鉛末(1g、16.3mmol)、ベンゼン(30mL)、ブロモ酢酸エチル(2.33g、13.9mmol)、4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロベンズアルデヒド(2.7g、11.6mmol)。収量:2.4g(67%)。
工程B:ジクロロメタン中(400mL)、重クロム酸ピリジニウム(11g、29.6mmol)、モレキュラーシーブ(11g)、3-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-フルオロフェニル)-3-ヒドロキシプロパノエート(2.4g、7.40mmol)。収量 1.7g(71,2%)。
工程C:キシレン(30mL)中のtert-ブチル 5-アミノ-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-1-カルボキシレート(984mg、4.2mmol)を、キシレン(30mL)中のエチル 3-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-3-オキソプロパノエート(1.7g、5.2mmol)及びピリジン(1.0mL)の溶液に加えた。収量 1.4gの粗生成物。
工程D:0℃のテトラヒドロフラン(14mL)及びメタノール(6mL)の混合物中、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(209mg、5.5mmol)、N-(1-tert-ブチル-オキシカルボニル-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル-)3-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-3-オキソプロパンアミド(1.4g、2.7mmol)。収量 1.3g(94%)。
工程E:ジエチルアゾジカルボキシレート(0.5mL、3.2mmol)、N-(1-tert-ブチル-オキシカルボニル-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル-)3-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-3-ヒドロキシプロパンアミド(1.1g、2.15mmol)、及びトリフェニルホスフィン(845mg、3.2mmol)、テトラヒドロフラン(30mL)、0℃。収量:1.6gの粗生成物。
工程F:トリフルオロ酢酸酸(4mL)を、0℃のジクロロメタン(20mL)中の、粗tert-ブチル 6-(2-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-4-オキソアゼチジン-1-イル)-1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-1-カルボキシレート(1.6g)の溶液に加えた。収量:0.3gのrac 4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン。これを、以下の条件を用いてキラル分取HPLCによって精製した:カラム:Chiralcel-OX-H(250×30×5.0μ);移動相:A:ヘキサン(0.1%DEA);エタノール(75:25);流速:30mL/分;希釈剤:移動相。分取画分を真空下エバポレートし、ジエチルエーテルでトリチュレートして、それぞれ70mgの各エナンチオマーを得た。
(R)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン(15)
融解範囲:158〜162℃;
(S)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン(16)
融解範囲:163〜166℃;
蛍光定量アッセイ
測定は全て、30℃でマイクロプレート(Perkin Elmer社)についてBioAssay Reader HTS-7000Plusを用いて行った。QC活性を、H-Gln-βNAを用いて蛍光定量的に評価した。試料は、0.2Mトリス/HCl(pH 8.0、20 mM EDTA含有)中の0.2mM蛍光発生基質、0.25Uピログルタミニルアミノペプチダーゼ(Unizyme社、Horsholm、デンマーク)、及び適切に希釈された一定分量のQCからなっており、250μlの最終体積とした。励起/発光波長は、320/410nmであった。アッセイ反応を、グルタミニルシクラーゼの添加によって開始させた。QC活性を、アッセイ条件下でのβ-ナフチルアミンの標準曲線から決定した。1単位は、記載される条件下で1分間あたりにH-Gln-βNAから1μmolのpGlu-βNAの形成を触媒するQCの量と定義される。
この新規アッセイは、QC基質の大部分の速度論的パラメーターを決定するのに用いられた。QC活性を、グルタミン酸デヒドロゲナーゼを補助酵素として用いて、それまでの不連続アッセイ(Bateman, R. C. J.の文献1989 J Neurosci Methods 30, 23-28)を改変することによって得られた連続法を用いて分光光度法で分析した。試料は、各QC基質、0.3mM NADH、14mM α-ケトグルタル酸、及び30U/mlグルタミン酸デヒドロゲナーゼからなっており、250μlの最終体積とした。反応を、QCの添加によって開始させ、340nmでの吸光度の低下を8〜15分間モニタリングすることによって追跡した。
阻害剤試験について、試料組成は、推定される阻害化合物を添加したことを除き上述のものと同じであった。QC阻害の迅速な試験のために、試料は、4mMの各阻害剤及び1KMの基質濃度を有していた。阻害の詳細な調査及びKi-値の決定のために、補助酵素に対する阻害剤の影響を、先ず調査した。それぞれの場合において、検出されたいずれの酵素に対しても影響は存在せず、従って、QC阻害の信頼できる決定を可能とした。阻害定数を、GraFitソフトウェアを用いてプログレス曲線のセットを競合阻害の一般方程式にフィッティングすることによって評価した。阻害剤アッセイを、2つの異なるpHレベル、pH6.0及びpH8.0で行った。アッセイ溶液のそれぞれのpH値は、従来法を用いて調整した。
(方法)
3頭のマウス(CD-1系統)に、0.8%メトセルに溶解させた30mg/kgの各試験化合物を経口投与した。血漿採取及び脳採取について、試料を試験化合物投与後10分、0.5時間、1時間、2時間、4時間、及び8時間の時点で採取した。
マウスを、イソフルランで麻酔した。約200μLの各血液試料を、致死的出血(terminal bleeding)のための心臓穿刺によってK2EDTAチューブ内へ採取した。血液試料を、氷上に置き、2000gで5分間遠心分離して、15分以内に血漿試料を得た。
(CSF採取:)
動物を、純粋なCO2吸入によって安楽死させた。正中切開を、頚部に対して行った。皮下の筋肉を切り、大槽を露出させた。この大槽を、キャピラリーの鋭利な端部を突き刺し、CSFを毛管現象によって採取した。
CSF採取後に、7×総マウス血液量(約15ml)の氷冷PBS(pH7.4)での灌流を、脳採取前に心臓穿刺を通して行った。正中切開を動物の頭皮に行った。脳を取り出し、冷生理食塩水ですすいだ。脳を、スクリュートップチューブに入れ秤量した。脳試料を、3体積(v/w)のPBS(pH 7.4)で2分間ホモジナイズし、その後、LC-MS/MSで分析した。脳濃度を以下のように4の希釈係数で補正した:
脳濃度=脳ホモジネート濃度×4(1gの湿脳組織が、1mlに等しいものとする)。
血漿試料について:試料の20μlの分取量に、ACN中200μのIS(ジクロフェナク、200ng/mL)を加え、混合物を、2分間ボルテックスし、12.000rpmで5分間遠心分離した。1μlの上清を、LC-MS/MS分析のために注入した。
(分析用HPLC)
方法[A]:分析用HPLC-システムは、Waters SunFire RP 18 (2,5μm)、分析用カラム(長さ:50mm、直径:2.1mm)、及び報告波長としてのλ=254nmのダイオードアレイ検出器(DAD)を利用するAgilent MSD 1100からなっていた。化合物を、0.6mL/分の流速で、溶離液(A)が、アセトニトリルであり、溶離液(B)が、水、溶離液(C)が、アセトニトリル中2%のギ酸であるグラジエントを用いて分析した;以下のグラジエントを適用した:
分析用キラルHPLCシステムは、Waters Chiracel OX-H(5μm)、分析用カラム(長さ:250mm、直径:4.6mm)、及び報告波長としてのλ=254nmであるダイオードアレイ検出器(DAD)を利用するAgilent MSD 1100からなっていた。化合物を、1.0mL/分の流速でヘキサン中0.1%のDEA及びEhanole(70/30)の一定組成混合物を用いて分析した。
ESI質量スペクトルを、正イオン化モードを用いてSCIEX API 365分光計(Perkin Elmer社)で得た。
1H NMRスペクトル(500MHz)は、BRUKER AC 500で記録された。溶媒は、特に明記されない限り、DMSO-D6である。化学シフトは、テトラメチルシランから低磁場側に百万分率(ppm)として表される。分裂パターンは、以下のように表記した:s(一重線)、d(二重線)、dd(二重線の二重線)、t(三重線)、m(多重線)、及びbr(幅広いシグナル)。
ESI質量スペクトルは、正イオン化モードを用いてSCIEX API 365分光計(Perkin Elmer社)で得た。
1H NMRスペクトル(500 MHz)は、BRUKER AC 500で記録した。溶媒は、特に明記されない限り、DMSO-D6である。化学シフトは、テトラメチルシランから低磁場側に百万分率(ppm)として表される。分裂パターンは、以下のように表記した:s(一重線)、d(二重線)、dd(二重線の二重線)、t(三重線)、m(多重線)、及びbr(幅広いシグナル)。
マトリックス支援レーザー脱離/イオン化質量分析を、線形飛行時間型分析器を備えたHewlett-Packard G2025 LD-TOFシステムを用いて実施した。この装置は、337nmの窒素レーザー、電位加速源(5kV)、及び1.0m飛行管を装備していた。検出器の操作は、ポジティブイオンモードで行われた。シグナルは、パーソナルコンピュータに接続されたLeCroy 9350Mデジタルストレージオシロスコープを用いて記録され、フィルタリングされる。試料(5μl)を等体積のマトリックス溶液と混合した。マトリックス溶液については、30mgの2',6'-ジヒドロキシアセトフェノン(Aldrich社)及び44mgのクエン酸水素ジアンモニウム(Fluka社)を、1mlのアセトニトリル/0.1%TFA水(1:1(v/v))に溶解することにより調製された、DHAP/DAHCを使用した。少量(ほぼ1μl)のマトリックス-分析物混合物をプローブチップに移し、真空チャンバー(Hewlett-Packard G2024A試料調製付属品)内で直ちに蒸発させ、迅速かつ均質な試料の結晶化を確実にした。
本件出願は、以下の態様の発明を提供する。
(態様1)
式(I)の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩、溶媒和物、もしくは多形(その全ての互変異性体及び立体異性体を含む):
(化1)
(式中:
Aは、1H-ベンゾイミダゾリル及びイミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジンから選択されるヘテロアリールであり;
R 1 は、水素、アルキル、又はハロゲンを表し;
R 2 は、水素、アルキル、又はハロゲンを表し;
R 3 は、水素、アルキル、又はアルコキシを表し;
R 4 は、水素又はアルキルを表し;かつ
R 5 は、水素、アルキル、又はハロゲンを表し;
かつ
上記アルキル基又はアルコキシ基は、1個以上のハロゲンで任意に置換される)。
(態様2)
R 1 が、水素又はハロゲンを表し;
R 2 が、水素又はハロゲンを表し;
R 3 が、水素又はアルコキシを表し;
R 4 が、水素を表し;かつ
R 5 が、水素又はハロゲンを表し;
かつ
上記アルコキシ基が、1個以上のハロゲンで任意に置換される、態様1記載の式(I)の化合物。
(態様3)
Aが、1H-ベンゾイミダゾリルである、態様1又は2記載の式(I)の化合物。
(態様4)
R 1 が、水素である、態様1〜3のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
(態様5)
R 1 が、ハロゲン、例えば、フッ素である、態様1〜3のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
(態様6)
R 2 が、水素である、態様1〜5のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
(態様7)
R 2 が、ハロゲン、例えば、フッ素である、態様1〜5のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
(態様8)
R 3 が、1個以上のハロゲン、例えば、フッ素で任意に置換された-O-C 1-4 アルキルを表す、態様1〜7のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
(態様9)
R 3 が、メトキシ、ジフルオロプロポキシ、又はジフルオロブトキシを表す、態様1〜8いずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
(態様10)
R 3 が、2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ又は3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシを表す、態様1〜9のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
(態様11)
R 5 が、水素である、態様1〜10のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
(態様12)
R 5 が、ハロゲン、例えば、フッ素である、態様1〜10のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
(態様13)
式(I)の化合物が、以下
1. 1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)-4-フェニルアゼチジン-2-オン;
2. (R)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-6-イル)-4-フェニルアゼチジン-2-オン;
3. (S)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-6-イル)-4-フェニルアゼチジン-2-オン;
4. 1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)-4-(2,6-ジフルオロ-4-メトキシフェニル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
5. (R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
6. (S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
7. (R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
8. (S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
9. (R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
10. (S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
11. (R)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
12. (S)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
13. (R)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
14. (S)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
15. (R)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
16. (S)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
17. (R)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)-4-フェニルアゼチジン-2-オン;
18. (S)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)-4-フェニルアゼチジン-2-オン;
19. 4-(2,6-ジフルオロ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
20. (R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
21. (S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
22. (R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
23. (S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
24. (R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
25. (S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
26. (R)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
27. (S)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
28. (R)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;及び
29. (S)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン
からなる群から選択される化合物である、態様1〜12のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩、溶媒和物、もしくは多形(全ての互変異性体及び立体異性体を含む)。
(態様14)
態様1〜13のいずれか1項記載の化合物を、1つ以上の治療的に許容し得る希釈剤又は担体と任意に組み合わせて含む医薬組成物。
(態様15)
神経保護物質、抗パーキンソン病薬、アミロイドタンパク質沈着阻害剤、βアミロイド合成阻害剤、抗鬱薬、抗不安薬、抗精神病薬、及び抗多発性硬化症薬からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの化合物をさらに含む、態様14記載の医薬組成物。
(態様16)
PEP阻害剤、LiCl、DP IVもしくはDP IV様酵素の阻害剤の阻害剤、アセチルコリンエステラーゼ(ACE)阻害剤、PIMTエンハンサー、βセクレターゼの阻害剤、γセクレターゼの阻害剤、中性エンドペプチダーゼの阻害剤、ホスホジエステラーゼ-4(PDE-4)の阻害剤、TNFα阻害剤、ムスカリン性M1受容体アンタゴニスト、NMDA受容体アンタゴニスト、σ-1受容体阻害剤、ヒスタミンH3アンタゴニスト、免疫調節剤、免疫抑制剤、又はアンテグレン(ナタリズマブ)、Neurelan(ファムプリジン-SR)、キャンパス(アレムツズマブ)、IR 208、NBI 5788/MSP 771(チプリモチド)、パクリタキセル、Anergix.MS(AG 284)、SH636、ディフェリン(CD271、アダパレン)、BAY 361677(インターロイキン-4)、マトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤、インターフェロン-τ(トロホブラスチン)、及びSAIK-MSからなる群から選択される薬剤からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの化合物をさらに含む、態様14又は15記載の医薬組成物。
(態様17)
ケネディ病、ヘリコバクターピロリ感染を伴う又は伴わない十二指腸がん、結腸直腸がん、ゾリジャー(Zolliger)・エリソン症候群、ヘリコバクターピロリ感染を伴う又は伴わない胃がん、病的精神病状態、統合失調症、不妊、新生物形成、炎症性宿主応答、がん、悪性転移、黒色腫、乾癬、液性及び細胞性免疫応答の障害、内皮における白血球接着及び遊走プロセス、摂食障害、睡眠-覚醒障害、エネルギー代謝の恒常性調節の障害、自律機能の障害、ホルモンバランスの障害又は体液の調節の障害、多発性硬化症、ギラン・バレー症候群、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発根ニューロパチー、軽度認知機能障害、アルツハイマー病、家族性イギリス型認知症、家族性デンマーク型認知症、ダウン症候群の神経変性、ハンチントン病、関節リウマチ、アテローム性動脈硬化症、膵炎、及び再狭窄からなる群から選択される疾患の治療における使用のための、態様1〜13のいずれか1項記載の化合物又は態様14〜16のいずれか1項記載の医薬組成物。
(態様18)
態様1〜13のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物の調製のためのプロセスであって:
(a)亜鉛末などの適切な触媒、及びトリメチルシリルクロリド(TMS-Cl)などの保護剤の存在下で、式(II)の化合物をブロモ酢酸と反応させることにより、式(II)の化合物から式(I)の化合物を調製すること:
(化2)
(式中、R 1 及びR 5 は、式(I)の化合物に対してここで定義される通りである)、又は
(b)トリフェニルホスフィン(triphenylhosphine)及びテトラヒドロフランなどの適切な溶媒の存在下で、式(III)の化合物をジエチルアゾジカルボキシレートと反応させること、及び脱保護工程により、式(III)の化合物から式(I)の化合物を調製すること:
(化3)
(式中、R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 、及びR 5 は、式(I)の化合物に対してここで定義される通りである)
を含む、前記プロセス。
Claims (18)
- R1が、水素又はハロゲンを表し;
R2が、水素又はハロゲンを表し;
R3が、水素又はアルコキシを表し;
R4が、水素を表し;かつ
R5が、水素又はハロゲンを表し;
かつ
上記アルコキシ基が、1個以上のハロゲンで任意に置換される、請求項1記載の式(I)の化合物。 - Aが、1H-ベンゾイミダゾリルである、請求項1又は2記載の式(I)の化合物。
- R1が、水素である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
- R1が、ハロゲン、例えば、フッ素である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
- R2が、水素である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
- R2が、ハロゲン、例えば、フッ素である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
- R3が、1個以上のハロゲン、例えば、フッ素で任意に置換された-O-C1-4アルキルを表す、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
- R3が、メトキシ、ジフルオロプロポキシ、又はジフルオロブトキシを表す、請求項1〜8いずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
- R3が、2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ又は3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシを表す、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
- R5が、水素である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
- R5が、ハロゲン、例えば、フッ素である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物。
- 式(I)の化合物が、以下
1. 1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)-4-フェニルアゼチジン-2-オン;
2. (R)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-6-イル)-4-フェニルアゼチジン-2-オン;
3. (S)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-6-イル)-4-フェニルアゼチジン-2-オン;
4. 1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)-4-(2,6-ジフルオロ-4-メトキシフェニル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
5. (R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
6. (S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
7. (R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
8. (S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
9. (R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
10. (S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
11. (R)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
12. (S)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
13. (R)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
14. (S)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
15. (R)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
16. (S)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(1H-ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール-5-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
17. (R)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)-4-フェニルアゼチジン-2-オン;
18. (S)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)-4-フェニルアゼチジン-2-オン;
19. 4-(2,6-ジフルオロ-4-メトキシフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
20. (R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
21. (S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
22. (R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
23. (S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
24. (R)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
25. (S)-4-(4-(3,3-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
26. (R)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
27. (S)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2-フルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;
28. (R)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン;及び
29. (S)-4-(4-(2,2-ジフルオロプロポキシ)-2,3-ジフルオロフェニル)-1-(H-イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-7-イル)アゼチジン-2-オン
からなる群から選択される化合物である、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩、溶媒和物、もしくは多形(全ての互変異性体及び立体異性体を含む)。 - 請求項1〜13のいずれか1項記載の化合物を、1つ以上の治療的に許容し得る希釈剤又は担体と任意に組み合わせて含む医薬組成物。
- 神経保護物質、抗パーキンソン病薬、アミロイドタンパク質沈着阻害剤、βアミロイド合成阻害剤、抗鬱薬、抗不安薬、抗精神病薬、及び抗多発性硬化症薬からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの化合物をさらに含む、請求項14記載の医薬組成物。
- PEP阻害剤、LiCl、DP IVもしくはDP IV様酵素の阻害剤の阻害剤、アセチルコリンエステラーゼ(ACE)阻害剤、PIMTエンハンサー、βセクレターゼの阻害剤、γセクレターゼの阻害剤、中性エンドペプチダーゼの阻害剤、ホスホジエステラーゼ-4(PDE-4)の阻害剤、TNFα阻害剤、ムスカリン性M1受容体アンタゴニスト、NMDA受容体アンタゴニスト、σ-1受容体阻害剤、ヒスタミンH3アンタゴニスト、免疫調節剤、免疫抑制剤、又はアンテグレン(ナタリズマブ)、Neurelan(ファムプリジン-SR)、キャンパス(アレムツズマブ)、IR 208、NBI 5788/MSP 771(チプリモチド)、パクリタキセル、Anergix.MS(AG 284)、SH636、ディフェリン(CD271、アダパレン)、BAY 361677(インターロイキン-4)、マトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤、インターフェロン-τ(トロホブラスチン)、及びSAIK-MSからなる群から選択される薬剤からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの化合物をさらに含む、請求項14又は15記載の医薬組成物。
- ケネディ病、ヘリコバクターピロリ感染を伴う又は伴わない十二指腸がん、結腸直腸がん、ゾリジャー(Zolliger)・エリソン症候群、ヘリコバクターピロリ感染を伴う又は伴わない胃がん、病的精神病状態、統合失調症、不妊、新生物形成、炎症性宿主応答、がん、悪性転移、黒色腫、乾癬、液性及び細胞性免疫応答の障害、内皮における白血球接着及び遊走プロセス、摂食障害、睡眠-覚醒障害、エネルギー代謝の恒常性調節の障害、自律機能の障害、ホルモンバランスの障害又は体液の調節の障害、多発性硬化症、ギラン・バレー症候群、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発根ニューロパチー、軽度認知機能障害、アルツハイマー病、家族性イギリス型認知症、家族性デンマーク型認知症、ダウン症候群の神経変性、ハンチントン病、関節リウマチ、アテローム性動脈硬化症、膵炎、及び再狭窄からなる群から選択される疾患の治療における使用のための、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項記載の化合物又は請求項14〜16のいずれか1項記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか1項記載の式(I)の化合物の調製のためのプロセスであって:
(a)亜鉛末などの適切な触媒、及びトリメチルシリルクロリド(TMS-Cl)などの保護剤の存在下で、式(II)の化合物をブロモ酢酸と反応させることにより、式(II)の化合物から式(I)の化合物を調製すること:
(b)トリフェニルホスフィン(triphenylhosphine)及びテトラヒドロフランなどの適切な溶媒の存在下で、式(III)の化合物をジエチルアゾジカルボキシレートと反応させること、及び脱保護工程により、式(III)の化合物から式(I)の化合物を調製すること:
を含む、前記プロセス。
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