JP2020510060A - γ−ヒドロキシブチレート組成物及び障害の治療のためのそれらの使用 - Google Patents
γ−ヒドロキシブチレート組成物及び障害の治療のためのそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本明細書で提供されるものは、γ-ヒドロキシブチレート(GHB)の塩を含む医薬組成物及び製剤である。一実施態様において、該塩は、2種類以上のカチオンを包含する。また、本明細書で提供されるものは、該医薬組成物及び製剤を製造する方法、並びに線維筋痛症及び睡眠障害を含む障害の治療の方法である。また、そのような医薬組成物及び製剤が、線維筋痛症及び睡眠障害を含む疾患又は障害を治療するためのものであることも本明細書に記載される。そのような睡眠障害には、無呼吸、睡眠時間障害(sleep time disturbance)、ナルコレプシー、カタプレキシー、睡眠時麻痺、入眠時幻覚、睡眠覚醒、不眠症、及び夜間ミオクローヌスが含まれる。
Xyrem(登録商標)(Jazz Pharmaceuticals)として商業的に販売されているナトリウムオキシベート(Na・GHB)は、ナルコレプシー患者における過度の日中の眠気及びカタプレキシーの治療用に承認されている。また、Na・GHBが、線維筋痛症候群の患者において疼痛を緩和し機能を向上させるために有効であり(Scharfらの文献, 2003, J. Rheumatol. 30: 1070; Russellらの文献, 2009, Arthritis. Rheum. 60: 299を参照されたい)、かつパーキンソン病患者の過度の日中の眠気及び疲労を軽減し、ミオクローヌス及び本態性振戦を改善し、かつ遅発性ジスキネジア及び双極性障害を低減するのに有効であること(Ondoらの文献, 2008, Arch. Neural. 65: 1337; Fruchtらの文献, 2005, Neurology 65: 1967; Bernerの文献, 2008, J. Clin. Psychiatry 69: 862を参照されたい)も報告されている。
本明細書で提供されるものは、GHBに反応性の状態、例えば、線維筋痛症並びに無呼吸、睡眠時間障害、ナルコレプシー、過度の日中の眠気(EDS)、カタプレキシー、睡眠時麻痺、入眠時幻覚、睡眠覚醒、不眠症、及び夜間ミオクローヌスなどの睡眠障害の治療に有用な、γ-ヒドロキシブチレート(「GHB」)の塩を含む医薬組成物及び製剤である。
「オキシベート」としても知られるγ-ヒドロキシブチレート(GHB)は、哺乳動物の脳などの人体組織にみられる催眠性を有する内在性化合物である。脳においては、最高GHB濃度が視床下部及び大脳基底核でみられ、GHBは神経伝達物質として機能すると仮定されている(Snead及びMorleyの文献, 1981, Brain Res. 227(4): 579-89を参照されたい)。GHBの神経薬理学的作用には、脳アセチルコリンの増加、脳ドーパミンの増加、GABA-ケトグルタル酸トランスアミナーゼの阻害、及び脳における酸素消費の低下を伴わないグルコース利用の低下が含まれる。GHBによる治療は、ナルコレプシーの兆候及び症状、すなわち、日中の眠気、カタプレキシー、睡眠時麻痺、及び入眠時幻覚を実質的に減少させる。加えて、GHBは、総睡眠時間及びREM睡眠を増加させ、かつそれは、REM潜時(REM latency)を低減させ、睡眠時無呼吸を減少させ、かつ全身麻酔を改善する(例えば、各々がその全体として引用により本明細書中に組み込まれている、米国特許第6,472,431号;第6,780,889号;第7,262,219号;第7,851,506号;第8,263,650号;第8,324,275号;及び第8,772,302号を参照されたい)。
本明細書で使用される、「γ-ヒドロキシブチレート」(GHB)又は「オキシベート」という用語は、γ-ヒドロキシ酪酸の負に荷電した又は陰イオンの形態(共役塩基)を指す。理論によって制限されないが、GHBは、以下の構造:
ある態様において、本明細書で提供されるものは、γ-ヒドロキシブチレート(GHB)及び1種以上の医薬として許容し得るアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属のカチオンを含む医薬組成物である。本明細書で使用される、「アルカリ金属」は、例えば、リチウム、ナトリウム、及びカリウムなどの、周期表のIA族にある元素のいずれかを意味する。本明細書で使用される、「アルカリ土類金属」は、例えば、マグネシウム及びカルシウムなどの周期表のII族にある元素のいずれかを意味する。
ある実施態様において、前記医薬組成物は、水溶液を含む。
本明細書で開示される水溶液は、通常、医薬として許容し得る担体及び/又は水性媒体中に溶解又は分散されていてもよい有効量の本明細書で開示されるようなGHB、又はGHBの塩もしくは塩の混合物を含む。
本明細書で提供される全ての医薬組成物及び製剤を、本明細書で提供される全ての方法で使用することができる。例えば、本明細書で提供される医薬組成物及び製剤を、本明細書で提示される全ての疾患、障害、又は状態を治療するための方法の全てで使用することができる。したがって、本明細書で提供される医薬組成物及び製剤は、薬物としての使用のためのものである。ある実施態様において、本明細書で提供される医薬組成物及び製剤は、ナルコレプシーと診断されている患者におけるカタプレキシー又は日中の眠気を治療するための方法における使用のためのものである。ある実施態様において、本明細書で提供される医薬組成物及び製剤は、ナルコレプシーと診断されている患者におけるカタプレキシー又は日中の眠気を治療するための方法における使用のためのものである。ある実施態様において、本明細書で提供される医薬組成物及び製剤は、本明細書で開示される医薬組成物又は製剤を投与することを含む、GHBによる治療に適した対象における疾患又は状態を治療するための方法における使用のためのものである。
ある態様において、本明細書で提供されるものは、本明細書で開示される混合塩GHBを含む前記組成物又は製剤を製造するいくつかの例示的な方法である。いくつかの異なる製造の方法が文献に報告されている(例えば、それぞれがその全体として引用により組み込まれている、米国特許第4,393,236号;第4,983,632号;第6,472,431号;第8,461,203号;第8,591,922号;第8,901,173号;及び第9,132,107号;並びに米国公報第2016/0058720号を参照されたい;また、Ferris及びWentの文献, 2012, Forensic Science International 216: 158-162も参照されたい)。当業者は、これらの方法を、本明細書で開示される混合塩GHBを含む前記組成物又は製剤の製造に組み込むことができることを認識しているであろう。他の方法は、当業者に公知であろう。
(実施例1: 混合オキシベート溶液の合成)
以下の合成例は、オキシベート塩の混合物の例示的な合成を提供する。オキシベートの追加の塩を合成する方法を含む、オキシベート塩の混合物を合成する代替方法を、以下に記載する;さらに別の代替合成方法は、当業者にとって明らかであろう。それぞれがその全体として引用により組み込まれている、米国特許第8,461,203号;第8,591,922号;第8,901,173号;及び第9,132,107号;並びに米国公報第2016/0058720号も参照されたい。
本実施例は、本明細書で開示される製剤の生物学的等価性試験のプロトコール及び結果を提供する。4組の生物学的等価性試験を、参照としてのXyrem(登録商標)と比較して、さまざまな混合塩製剤を用いて行った。別段の記載がない限り、本実施例及び後続の実施例は、「モル当量パーセント」基準で述べられるオキシベート塩濃度を有する。さらに、表及び図中で、該当するのであれば:
・「治療」は、製剤及び4.5gのナトリウムオキシベートと等価な用量でさまざまな製剤が試験された投薬レジメン(摂食又は絶食)を指す。
・「N」は、評価可能な結果が得られた対象の数を指す。
・「Vol」は、9mL用量の薬物製品と共に与えられた投与の体積(mL)を指す。
・「Cmax」は、個々の患者で達成された最高血漿濃度(オキシベートのmg/L又はug/mLでのもの)の平均を指す。
・「Cmax比」は、百分率として表される、絶食状態Xyrem(登録商標)のCmax値と比較したCmax値の比を指す。
・「AUC」は、濃度が定量化の限界を上回ったか又は無限大時間まで突き出た最後の時点のいずれかの、時間*mg/Lの単位で表される、血漿対時間の曲線下面積を指す。
・「AUC比」は、百分率として表される、絶食状態Xyrem(登録商標)のAUCに対するAUCの比を指す。
・「Na」、「K」、「Ca」、及び「Mg」はそれぞれ、与えられた製剤のモル当量%でのナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、及びマグネシウムのカチオン含量を指す。
(表4: 240mLの液体体積を用いる研究13-010における条件及び結果)
(表5: 240mLの液体体積を用いる研究13-010パート2での条件及び結果)
(表6: 60mLの液体体積を用いた研究15-008における条件及び結果、患者(n=35))
(表7: 研究JZP258-101の結果、患者(n=33))
(表8: 60mL及び240mL希釈での食品作用の比較)
以下の提案された試験治療は、前述の実施例の製剤「O」を投与すること、及び第2の用量の製剤「507-D」を4時間遅れて投与することからなる。参照治療は、同じやり方で与えられるXyrem(登録商標)からなる。試験治療及び参照治療は、同じオキシベート用量を有し、夜に夕食の約2時間後に60mLの水中で投与される。血漿は、上述の実施例と同じ間隔で採取される。
本実施例は、低いナトリウムを有する混合オキシベート塩が、微生物の増殖に対して満足できる抵抗性を示すことを実証する。pH値が8でありかつ総濃度が409mg/mLオキシベート塩である、モル当量基準で、8%のナトリウム、23%のカリウム、48%のカルシウム、及び21%のマグネシウムオキシベート塩(Na・GHB、K・GHB、Mg・(GHB)2、及びCa・(GHB)2)を含む溶液を、米国薬局方<51>による抗微生物有効性について試験した。個々の試料に、5つの微生物のそれぞれを接種し、20〜25℃で28日間保管した。7、14、及び28日目に、微生物計数試験は、以下の表9に示されるように、全ての菌種について効果的な減少を明らかなものとした。
(表9: 409mg/mLでの8%のNa・GHB、23%のK・GHB、48%のCa・(GHB)2、及び21%のMg・(GHB)2の微生物有効性試験)
(コロニー形成単位/mLでの対数減少)
Claims (31)
- γ-ヒドロキシブチレート(GHB)の2種以上の塩の混合物を含むγ-ヒドロキシブチレートの医薬組成物であって、該混合物が、少なくとも50%のγ-ヒドロキシブチレートのナトリウム塩(Na・GHB)を含み、かつγ-ヒドロキシブチレートのカリウム塩(K・GHB)及びγ-ヒドロキシブチレートのカルシウム塩(Ca・(GHB)2)のうちの1種以上をさらに含む、前記医薬組成物。
- 前記混合物が、約50%〜約80%のNa・GHBを含む、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記混合物が、約50%〜約70%のNa・GHBを含む、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記混合物が、約50%〜約60%のNa・GHBを含む、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記混合物が、約50%〜約55%のNa・GHBを含む、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 実質的な量のγ-ヒドロキシブチレートのマグネシウム塩(Mg・(GHB)2)もγ-ヒドロキシブチレートのカルシウム塩(Ca・(GHB)2)も含まない、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 約25mL〜約100mLの体積を有する水溶液である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 約40mL〜約75mLの体積を有する水溶液である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 約55mL〜約65mLの体積を有する水溶液である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 3種以上のGHBの塩の混合物を含む、請求項1記載の医薬組成物であって、該混合物が、50%〜80%のNa・GHB、10%〜40%のK・GHB、及び10%〜20%のCa・(GHB)2を含む、前記医薬組成物。
- 患者に投与される場合に、約100%のNa・GHBを含む医薬組成物と生物学的に等価である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 患者に投与される場合に、平均最高GHB血漿濃度(Cmax)が、ほぼ同じ量の100%のNa・GHBを含む医薬組成物のCmaxの10%の範囲内である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 患者に投与される場合に、平均最高GHB血漿曲線下面積(AUC)が、ほぼ同じ量の100%のNa・GHBを含む医薬組成物のAUCの10%の範囲内である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- GHBの3種の塩の混合物を含む、請求項1記載の医薬組成物であって、該混合物が、少なくとも50%のNa・GHBを含み、かつK・GHB及びCa・(GHB)2をさらに含む、前記医薬組成物。
- 50%〜60%のNa・GHB、20%〜40%のK・GHB、及び10%〜20%のCa・(GHB)2を含む、請求項14記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記混合物が、約50%のNa・GHB、約34%のK・GHB、及び約16%のCa・(GHB)2を含む、請求項15記載の医薬組成物。
- 100mL未満の水溶液を含むGHBの医薬組成物であって、該水溶液が、2種以上のGHBの塩の混合物を含み、該混合物が、約40%〜約50%のNa・GHBを含み、かつK・GHB、Ca・(GHB)2、及びMg・(GHB)2から選択される1種以上の塩をさらに含む、前記医薬組成物。
- 患者に投与される場合に、Cmaxが、ほぼ同じ量の100%のNa・GHBを含む医薬組成物のCmaxの10%の範囲内である、請求項17記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記水溶液が、約25mL〜約75mLの体積を有する、請求項17記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記水溶液が、約55mL〜約65mLの体積を有する、請求項17記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記水溶液が、約60mLの体積を有する、請求項17記載の医薬組成物。
- Na・GHB及びK・GHBを含む、請求項17記載の医薬組成物。
- 液体製剤として製剤化される、請求項17記載の医薬組成物。
- 患者に投与される場合に、約100%のNa・GHBを含む医薬組成物と生物学的に等価である、請求項17記載の医薬組成物。
- 患者に投与される場合に、AUCが、ほぼ同じ量の100%のNa・GHBを含む医薬組成物のAUCの10%の範囲内である、請求項17記載の医薬組成物。
- 実質的な量のMg・(GHB)2もCa・(GHB)2も含まない、請求項17記載の医薬組成物。
- 薬物としての使用のための、請求項1〜26のいずれか1項記載の医薬組成物。
- GHBによる治療に適した患者における疾患又は状態を治療するための方法における使用のための、請求項1〜26のいずれか1項記載の医薬組成物であって、該方法が、該患者に請求項1〜26のいずれか1項記載の医薬組成物を投与することを含む、前記の医薬組成物。
- 前記疾患が、カタプレキシー又はナルコレプシーである、請求項28記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
- GHBを必要とする患者を治療する方法における使用のための、請求項1〜26のいずれか1項記載の医薬組成物であって、該方法が、GHB又はその塩の2回の夜間用量を該患者に投与することを含み、第1の用量が、40%未満のNa・GHB並びにK・GHB、Ca・(GHB)2、及びMg・(GHB)2の群から選択される少なくとも2種の他のGHB塩を含む医薬組成物を含み、かつ第2の用量が、請求項1〜26のいずれか1項記載の医薬組成物を含む、前記医薬組成物。
- 前記第1の用量が、食事後4時間以内に投与される、請求項30記載の使用のための医薬組成物。
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- 2018-03-16 TW TW107109130A patent/TW201836596A/zh unknown
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- 2018-03-16 CA CA3056316A patent/CA3056316A1/en active Pending
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2020
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US20220362185A1 (en) | 2022-11-17 |
EP3595648A1 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
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WO2018167303A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
US20210121423A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
CA3056316A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
TW202335663A (zh) | 2023-09-16 |
JP2023036649A (ja) | 2023-03-14 |
US11426373B2 (en) | 2022-08-30 |
TW201836596A (zh) | 2018-10-16 |
TWI812557B (zh) | 2023-08-11 |
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