JP2019124009A - Drilling machine, rotational drilling machine, drilling method and drilling bit - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a drilling machine, a rotational drilling machine, a drilling method and a drilling bit which cannot only meet requirements for soft layers and hard rocks without replacing any tool members, but eliminate redundant operation and time to replace them and realize operation for drilling comparatively in low noise and low vibration even when drilling hard rocks.SOLUTION: A rotational drilling machine 1 is provided with a drilling equipment 2a and a rotational driving equipment 8. The drilling equipment 2a is provided with: a cylindrical casing 3 rotatable in a shaft peripheral direction; a driving unit 4 received in the casing 3 and capable of supply driving force; and a drilling bit group 5a provided a plurality of drilling bits 6A1... arranged around a center of a rotational axis of the casing 3 and capable of moving back and forth along an axial direction of the casing 3 in correspondence to the driving force, wherein striking force of the drilling bits 6A1... in correspondence to the driving force are set in either differ by each drilling bits or at least one drilling bit differ from the other drilling bits.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a drilling rig, a rotary drilling machine, a drilling method and a drilling bit. More specifically, it is possible to cope with any of the soft layer and the hard rock base rock layer or the hard rock (hereinafter referred to as "hard rock") without replacing the equipment, and the extra time required for the replacement work The present invention relates to a device capable of omitting time and, in addition, capable of excavating work with relatively low noise and low vibration even during hard rock excavation.

  In recent years, particularly in urban area construction work, vibration and noise generated at the time of excavating work caused by piling of foundation piles, etc. have become a problem, and in order to solve this problem, the inventor et al. It proposes the rotary excavator described in. The drilling equipment of this rotary excavator is shown as a drilling equipment 9 in FIG.

  The drilling device 9 is subjected to a rotary motion by a rotary drive (not shown) to perform a drilling operation (hereinafter referred to as “a rotary drilling operation”), and the diameter of the drilling device 9 at the drilling side end of the drilling device 9 A bit having a plurality of bits which are smaller and are arranged at the rotation center (hereinafter referred to as "center bit") and bits arranged around this center bit (hereinafter referred to as "peripheral bit") Are configured to be driven to strike each other at mutually offset times. As a result, the bit hitting cycle is faster compared to the conventional down-the-hole hammer in which the single bit of approximately the same diameter as the drilling hole is moved up and down to hit the ground, and instead the bit is hit once. Low-vibration and low-noise excavating work is possible by reducing the impact on the ground that occurs with each impact.

  By the way, when the inventors of the present invention operated a rotary excavator using the digging device 9, in the digging device 9, striking of the central bit 91 and striking of the peripheral bit 92 may be performed simultaneously. There was found. In addition, according to the digging apparatus 9, even if such simultaneous impact occurs, the digging operation can be performed with lower vibration and noise than the down-the-hole hammer from before the digging apparatus 9, but the present inventors In order to further reduce vibration and noise, a prototype 93 having an improved drilling apparatus 9 was manufactured.

  The prototype 93 shown in FIG. 18 (a) eliminates the central bit on the excavating surface and provides corner portions 933 obtained by expanding the striking surface 931 in the direction of the rotational axis of the drilling device 9 for peripheral bits. The tip angle of the corner portion 933 of the bit is positioned on the rotation axis 9R, and the corner portions 933 are arranged to abut each other with a slight gap (hereinafter, the peripheral bit of such a configuration is ")). Generally, on the impact surface of the digging bit, a plurality of cemented carbide tips to be a convex portion with respect to the impact surface are implanted, and the respective tips are dispersed and disposed at a predetermined interval. A chip 934 is similarly implanted in the digging bit 930 of the prototype.

JP 2007-92447 A

  However, when the present inventors etc. excavating work using rotary type excavator 9 or prototype machine 93 (these are put together, it is hereafter called "rotary type excavator 9 grade" etc.), it consists of earth and sand or a soft rock etc. Excavating work of ground expected to be composed of soft layer (hereinafter referred to as "soft layer"), if it hits an unexpected hard rock, with rotary excavator 9 etc., can it not break hard rock due to insufficient impact force? Or, it takes a long time to break hard rock, or there is a problem that the digging direction is deviated along the slope of hard rock without breaking.

  In such a case, once the rotary excavator 9 etc. was removed and replaced with a single-bit down-the-hole hammer with a large impact force, the equipment was replaced again after the hard rock was crushed, and the drilling operation was resumed. It took extra time and effort. And, while working with the single bit type down-the-hole hammer, large vibration and noise were generated.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is possible to cope with both soft layers and hard rocks without replacing the equipment, and omit unnecessary time and time required for the replacement work. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a drilling device, a rotary drilling machine, a drilling method and a drilling bit which can perform drilling operation with relatively low noise and low vibration even during hard rock drilling.

  In order to achieve the above object, the drilling apparatus of the present invention comprises: a cylindrical casing which is rotatable in an axial direction; a drive unit which is housed in the casing and capable of supplying a driving force; and around an axis of rotation of the casing. The drill bit that is placed in the housing and has a plurality of drilling bits that can move back and forth along the axial direction of the casing under the driving force, and the striking force that the drilling bit exerts under the driving force differs for each drilling bit Or at least one drill bit is different from the other drill bits, and includes a drill bit group set in any aspect.

  Here, since the drilling apparatus according to the present invention includes the cylindrical casing which is rotatable in the axial direction, the drive unit can be stored inside and a drill bit group can be provided, and a rotational drive capable of applying a rotational force It can be used in combination with the device. By this, it is possible to implement an excavation method in which an impact force is applied to an object to be excavated (hereinafter referred to as “object to be excavated”) while the group of excavation bits rotate in the circumferential direction. Further, since the drilling apparatus includes the above-described drive unit, driving power can be supplied to the drilling bit group, and each drilling bit can move forward and backward.

  Furthermore, since this drilling rig is provided with the above-mentioned drilling bit group, each drilling bit moves back and forth in the axial direction of the casing under the driving force supplied from the drive unit, and the drilling surface is moved by the striking surface. You can hit it.

  In addition, this group of drilling bits is disposed around the rotational axis of the casing, and has a plurality of drilling bits that can move back and forth along the axial direction of the casing under the driving force, and the drilling bits serve as the driving force. All drill bits can be set in such a way that the impact force to be exerted is different for each drill bit, or at least one drill bit is different from the other drill bits. The striking force to be applied is not uniform, and the striking force can be differentiated. Thus, for example, when a hard rock is hit during a rotary drilling operation, a drill bit to which a greater impact is applied than other drill bits will break the hard rock or crack the hard rock at the first strike. Can be shattered into small pieces by subsequent strikes of other drilling bits.

  In addition, for example, when it is going to improve the striking force of all the drilling bits which comprise a drilling bit group, measures, such as enlargement of each part (a piston etc.) of a drive unit, are required, and it exchanges with improvement of drilling force. In addition, problems such as increase in weight or size of the entire device and increase in consumption of power source (working fluid etc.) arise, but the present invention at least strikes at least one of the drilling bits that make up the drilling bit group. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the increase in the overall weight of the apparatus and the increase in the energy consumption of the drive unit.

  For example, as described above, the excavating work of the ground expected to be composed of a soft layer is performed using the rotary excavator 9 etc., and if it hits an unexpected hard rock, the rotary excavator 9 etc. There is an obstacle that the hard rock can not be crushed due to lack of force, or it takes time to crush the hard rock, or the excavating direction deviates along the slope of the hard rock etc. without crushing. In the case of the drilling apparatus of the invention, since it is possible to cope with hard rock by the digging bits set in any of the above-mentioned modes, it is possible to cope with both soft layers and hard rock without replacing the equipment. In this way, it is possible to save unnecessary labor and time due to replacement of equipment. In addition, the drilling operation can be performed with relatively low noise and low vibration even during hard rock drilling.

  In addition, the first arrangement mode in which the drilling bit group is disposed such that only one of the striking surfaces of one drilling bit in each drilling bit overlaps the rotation axis, or the rotation axis of the striking surface of the drilling bit A corner is formed on the center side, and only the edge on the rotation axis side of a pair of striking surfaces disposed opposite to each other across the rotation axis overlaps the rotation axis, and the tip of the corner is the rotation axis In the case where the edges on the side of the rotation axis of each striking surface are gathered close to each other in the vicinity of the rotation axis by any of the second arrangement modes arranged so as not to overlap with the heart, Each drill bit is mounted with little clearance at and near the axis of rotation. According to the configuration of the drilling bit group, it is possible to drill the object to be drilled by the drilling bit group without any unevenness, and convex to the center on the back side of the drilled hole (hereinafter referred to as “drilling hole”) at the time of hard rock drilling. It becomes a substantially flat thing, without forming the left-shaped digging part (henceforth "a center convex part").

  This will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In the past, when the present inventors etc. excavated using the above-mentioned prototype 93, they hit a hard rock in the ground accidentally, and when the prototype 93 was pulled out after the operation, the center on the back side of the drilling hole H1 was central A convex portion H6 is formed (see FIG. 18C), and a central deformation portion H7 is generated in a state where the vicinity of the corner portion 933 of each digging bit 930 is worn away and the striking surface 931 itself is also concaved. (See FIG. 18 (b)). Later, when the drilling operation for hard rock was retried, the formation of the central convex portion H6 and the generation of the central deformation portion H7 of the prototype 93 were confirmed.

Although the causes of the formation of the central convex portion H6 and the generation of the central deformed portion H7 described above are not necessarily clear, it is presumed that the reason is as follows.
(A) At the time of operation of the prototype 93, each of the digging bits 930 disposed at the digging side end of the drilling apparatus 9 individually advances and retracts at different timings. That is, the digging bits 930 in the retreating state and the advancing state are mixed, and as a result, the load applied to each digging bit 930 (axial load due to its own weight, impact load due to impact) is not evenly distributed, but the advancing state Will concentrate on the drilling bits 930 of
(B) Also, the edge of the striking surface 931 of the drill bit 930 in the advanced state, or a portion near the edge, is more likely to be abraded away than the other flat portion, and in particular, the corner 933 is tapered. The strength is so weak. In addition, since the corners and the vicinity thereof are tapered and smaller in area than the other portions, when the tips 934 are arranged at the same density as the other portions, the number of implantable tips 934 is small,
(C) As described above, in view of the fact that load concentrates on the digging bit 930 in the advanced state, and the load tends to concentrate on the corner 933 among the drill bits 930 in the advanced state, it is implanted in the corner 933 The small number of chips 934 are loaded more than the chips in other parts, which causes the chip 934 to wear away earlier than the other parts, or causes breakage such as chip 934 falling off.
(D) The digging force in the vicinity of the corner 933 is significantly reduced due to the breakage of the tip 934, which causes a difference in the digging force with the other part of the striking surface 931 and directly at the base portion inferior in strength to the tip 934. In the state of digging, the corner portion 933 and its vicinity are worn away or plastically deformed together with the base portion to further reduce the digging force,
(E) As a result, due to the difference in the drilling force in the vicinity of the rotation axis 9R and the other portions in the striking surface 931, the central convex portion H6 having a shape in which the central portion bulges from the outer periphery at the hole bottom H3 of the drilling hole H1. Is formed,
(F) Furthermore, a strong pressing force is generated on the side of the object to be excavated of the trial machine 93 during the digging operation due to the weight of the machine itself or the load from the outside of the machine. On the other hand, it is considered that plastic deformation or partial wear occurred and the central deformation portion H7 was generated on the striking surface 931 by the trial machine 93 continuing to rotate while the striking surface 931 near the corner portion 933 mentioned above hit. .

  However, according to the drilling apparatus of the present invention, the drilling bit group is arranged such that the edge on the rotational axis side of each striking surface is in the vicinity of the rotational axis according to any of the first and second arrangement modes described above. With the configuration in which they are gathered close to each other, drilling operation with low vibration and low noise is possible even for hard rock, and it is possible to suppress the formation of the central convex portion at the back center of the drilling hole. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the deformation and uneven wear of the digging bit caused by the formation of the central convex portion (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “central deformed portion generation suppression”).

  That is, when the drilling bit group is configured in the first arrangement mode, only one of the striking surfaces is disposed overlapping with the rotation axis (hereinafter referred to as “rotational axis overlapping configuration”), so the striking surface is The rotational axis and its vicinity can always be in an overlapping state. According to this rotational axis overlapping arrangement, since a part of the impact surface mentioned above is always dug into the rotational axis and its vicinity and always passes through at the time of rotational excavation work, the center of the surface to be excavated Drilling is possible at all times, and load concentration on corners is alleviated. As a result, the formation of the central convex portion is suppressed even during hard rock excavation, and the generation of the central deformation portion is also suppressed accordingly.

  And, when the drill bit group is configured in the second arrangement mode, the corner portion is formed on the rotary shaft side of the striking surface, and the rotary shaft center of a set of striking surfaces opposed to each other across the rotary shaft center Since only the side edge overlaps with the rotation axis and the tip of the corner portion is arranged so as not to overlap with the rotation axis, the corner tip of the digging bit overlaps with the rotation axis during rotary drilling operation Not be placed (hereinafter referred to as “rotational axis non-overlapping arrangement on the striking surface”), and the long edge, not the corner tip, passes the rotational axis and its vicinity intermittently or almost continuously. It can be done. As a result, the center of the surface to be excavated will be excavated at the edge on the rotation axis side of the pair of striking surfaces opposed to each other and the impact surface along the portion, and a plurality of loads concentrated on the impact surface may be excavated. It can be dispersed on the (at least two) impact surfaces, and the concentration of load on the corners is alleviated. As a result, the formation of the central convex portion is suppressed even during hard rock excavation, and the central deformation portion accordingly. Occurrence is suppressed.

  Further, in the first arrangement mode, the drive unit is a digging bit arranged so that the striking surface overlaps with the rotation axis, or in the second arrangement mode, the striking surface has only the rotation axis side edge portion with the rotation axis When it is set to apply the maximum impact force among the respective digging bits constituting the digging bit group to any of the duplicatingly placed digging bits, the duplicated arrangement is made to the rotation axis. The striking power of the drilled bit is particularly enhanced. For example, if hard rock is hit during a rotary drilling operation, the drill bit with the highest impact force will either break the hard rock or cause the hard rock to crack on the first strike, followed by other drill bits Can be crushed into small pieces by striking, which can further enhance the effects of suppressing formation of the central convex portion and suppressing generation of the central deformation during hard rock excavation.

  In the same manner as the digging bit group set in any of the above-described first striking mode or second striking aspect, the present invention at least performs striking force for any one of the digging bits constituting the digging bit group. Since the configuration is improved, it is possible to minimize the increase in the overall weight of the device and the increase in the consumption of the driving fluid.

  Also, in the case where the drill bit is a portion along the peripheral edge of the casing of the striking surface in which a projecting striking portion protruding from the striking surface is formed, the projecting striking portion is the first for the object to be excavated Since the impact can be applied, even if the object to be excavated is hard rock in the drilled hole, the hard rock is fractured in response to the impact or the hard rock is cracked at the first impact. , Can be broken into small pieces by striking with the rest of the striking surface.

  And although each of the above-mentioned digging bits has one striking surface on the side to be excavated, this striking surface is not only composed of only one flat surface but, for example, the surface to be the excavated side is It may be an aspect such as one with steps and a plurality of planes, and one with different slopes. In addition, the drilling bit in which the projection striking portion is formed is at least one or more of the drilling bits constituting the drilling bit group, and the aspect in which the projection striking portion is formed in all the drilling bits constituting the drilling bit group Naturally also includes. In addition, although each drilling bit may have a drilling part (for example, a part which digs the inner side wall of a hole also in the side, the drilling part of the said side does not correspond to the above-mentioned striking surface.

  In addition, the drive unit has a plurality of cylinders and a piston incorporated in each cylinder and actuated by the working fluid to apply an impact force to the drilling bit, and the weight of at least one piston is the weight of the other piston and If set differently, the working fluid coming from the outside operates the piston in the cylinder, and the striking force of the piston can drive the digging bit. And since the drive unit is operated by the working fluid and has a relatively simple structure having a cylinder and a piston, the efficiency of the manufacturing process and maintenance can be improved.

  In addition, when the pipe diameter of the cylinder containing the largest weight of each piston is set to the largest among the cylinders, the appearance is reduced as compared with the case where all the cylinders have the same diameter. Thus, it is possible to determine which cylinder has the largest piston weight. Thus, for example, in a case where a cylinder having a piston with the largest weight is set to be disposed with respect to a digging bit having the largest impact surface portion or the like, the weight or the like of each cylinder is not confirmed from the outside In the manufacturing or assembling process and maintenance, the efficiency of the operation can be improved because the cylinder with the piston of at least the maximum weight can be seen visually.

  For example, when increasing the weight of the piston to increase the striking force applied by the drilling bit, if the piston is formed of a material of the same specific gravity and the diameter and length of the cylinder are uniform, the weight increases. Accordingly, the length of the piston is extended, the moving distance in the cylinder is shorter than the light weight piston, and a sufficient impact force may not be exerted as compared to the weight of the piston. However, by setting the tube diameter of the cylinder large, the heights of the respective pistons can be made uniform (or substantially uniform) even when the pistons of the maximum weight are built in temporarily, whereby movement within the cylinder can be achieved. The distance is equal to (or approximately equal to) that of a lightweight piston, and a striking force can be sufficiently exerted.

  In addition, when the tube diameter of the other cylinder is set in the range of 100% to 50% with respect to the largest tube diameter among the cylinders, an aspect in which the area of the striking surface of each digging bit is different Can be used suitably.

  For example, when a cylinder with a thin tube diameter is applied to a drill bit having a large impact surface area, the range of impact force transmitted from the cylinder is narrow, and the impact force applied by the impact surface may be reduced. By applying a cylinder with a large diameter to a large area drilling bit, the impact force is transmitted to a wider range of the striking surface of the drilling bit than when a cylinder with a small diameter is applied, thereby improving the power factor. It can be done.

  In addition, when the above-mentioned "pipe diameter of other cylinders" is less than 50% of the cylinder of the largest pipe diameter, it is not preferable because the weight balance between the cylinder and the cylinder with the largest weight is significantly deteriorated.

  For example, if the drilling equipment is on the ground, the rotational balance will be poor, and more counterweights will be needed to correct this, so the manufacturing cost will increase, the maintenance effort will increase, etc. and the overall weight will increase. Cause the disadvantage of increased energy consumption. In addition, when the striking force applied from the striking surface shows an extreme difference due to the diameter of the cylinder, the excavating surface on the side to be excavated becomes uneven, especially when it hits hard rock. There is also a possibility of getting up and shifting in the drilling direction. For this reason, it is preferable that the above-mentioned "other cylinder tube diameter" is 50% or more of the largest tube diameter cylinder.

  In addition, when the weight of the other piston is set in the range of 100% to 20% with respect to the maximum weight among the pistons, the striking force applied based on the weight ratio of the pistons is also different. This causes, for example, if the hard rock hits a hard rock during a rotary drilling operation, the drilling bit with the largest weight will fracture the hard rock or cause the hard rock to crack on the first strike, and so on It can be shredded into small pieces by hitting the drilling bit.

  Among the multiple pistons, there may be more than one (100%) of the same weight as the largest weight piston (100%) or all of the lighter weights (99% to 20%) except the largest weight piston May be In addition, when the above-mentioned "weight of other pistons" is less than 20% of the piston of the largest weight, it is not preferable because the balance between the piston and the piston of the largest weight is significantly deteriorated.

  For example, if the drilling equipment is on the ground, the rotational balance will be poor, and more counterweights will be needed to correct this, so the manufacturing cost will increase, the maintenance effort will increase, etc. and the overall weight will increase. Cause the disadvantage of increased energy consumption. In addition, when the striking force generated from the piston is extremely different, the excavated surface on the side to be excavated becomes uneven, and especially when it hits hard rock, slippage may occur and displacement in the excavating direction may occur. . For this reason, it is preferable that the above-mentioned "other piston weight" is 20% or more of the maximum weight piston.

  In addition, when the storage tank connected to the opposite side of the casing to the drilling bit group and capable of storing the working fluid is provided, the working fluid introduced from the outside can be temporarily stored and supplied to the drive unit, for example When the working fluid is compressed air (hereinafter referred to as "air"), the air can be temporarily stored under high pressure.

  In addition, when the storage tank has a working fluid distribution unit that appropriately distributes the working fluid so that the timings of driving force supply to the drilling bit by the driving unit are different from each other, the working fluid distribution unit operates to the driving unit When the fluid supply timing can be varied, for example, the drive unit has a plurality of cylinders and a piston incorporated in each cylinder and operated by the working fluid to apply an impact force to the digging bit Can change the operation timing of the piston for each cylinder.

  In order to achieve the above object, a rotary excavator according to the present invention includes an axially rotatable cylindrical casing, a drive unit housed in the casing and capable of supplying a driving force, and a rotational axis of the casing. The drill bit includes a plurality of drilling bits that can be moved back and forth along the axial direction of the casing under the driving force, and the striking force exerted by the drilling bit under the driving force differs among the drilling bits. A drilling rig having a drilling bit group set in any aspect, or at least one drilling bit different from other drilling bits, and a rotary drive for applying a rotational force to the drilling rig.

  Here, in the rotary excavator according to the present invention, since the drilling apparatus has a cylindrical casing that can rotate in the axial direction, the drive unit can be stored inside and a drill bit group can be provided, and a rotary drive device The rotational force is given in combination with By this, it is possible to carry out an excavating method in which an impact force is applied to the object to be excavated while rotating the excavating bit group in the circumferential direction.

  Furthermore, in the rotary excavator of the present invention, since the drilling rig has the above-described drive unit, driving force can be supplied to the digging bit group, and each digging bit can be advanced and retracted. In addition, since the drilling rig has the above-described drill bit group, each drilling bit moves back and forth in the axial direction of the casing under the driving force supplied from the drive unit and strikes the object by the striking surface. can do.

  In addition, in the rotary excavator according to the present invention, in the drilling equipment, the striking force exerted by the drilling bit under the driving force is different for each drilling bit, or at least one drilling bit is the other drilling bit. By having the drilling bit group set in any aspect different from the above, the striking force applied by all the digging bits is not uniform, and the striking force can be differentiated. Thus, for example, when a hard rock is hit during a rotary drilling operation, a drill bit to which a greater impact is applied than other drill bits will break the hard rock or crack the hard rock at the first strike. Can be shattered into small pieces by subsequent strikes of other drilling bits.

  Furthermore, since the rotary excavator of the present invention is provided with the above-described rotary drive, it is possible to rotate the drilling device in combination with the rotary drive, whereby the excavation bit group is rotated while being rotated in the circumferential direction. It is possible to carry out an excavating method in which an impact force is applied to an object.

  And, according to the rotary excavator of the present invention, the striking force exerted by the digging bit under the driving force is different for each digging bit, as compared with the case where the above-mentioned rotary excavator 9 and the like are used. Because the rock can be dealt with by rock bits set in any aspect where at least one drill bit is different from other drill bits, the soft layer and the hard layer are not exchanged. It is possible to cope with any of the rocks, thereby saving unnecessary labor and time due to replacement of equipment. In addition, the drilling operation can be performed with relatively low noise and low vibration even during hard rock drilling. Furthermore, according to the rotary excavator of the present invention, compared to the case where the rotary excavator 9 or the like described above is used, the excavator has the drilling equipment whose impact force has been improved to a level that can cope with hard rock. However, it is also possible to minimize the increase in the overall weight of the device and the increase in the energy consumption of the drive unit.

  In order to achieve the above object, the drilling method of the present invention is disposed around a casing, a drive unit stored in the casing, and a rotational axis of the casing, and moves back and forth in the axial direction of the casing under a driving force. The drill bit includes a plurality of movable drilling bits, and the striking force exerted by the drilling bit under driving force is different for each drilling bit, or at least one drilling bit is different from the other drilling bits A first step of assembling a rotary excavator including a drilling device having a group of drilling bits set in the aspect of and a rotary drive capable of applying a rotational force to the drilling device, and installing the rotary drilling machine on an object While rotating the drilling equipment by the rotary drive installed in one step, the drilling bit of the drilling equipment is advanced and retracted, and the drilling surface is drilled by striking the object with the striking surface. And a step.

  Here, according to the first step of the excavating method of the present invention, a rotary excavator including the excavating apparatus and the rotational drive apparatus of the above-described configuration can be installed toward an object to be excavated such as the ground.

  And, according to the second step of the drilling method of the present invention, the rotary excavator can rotate the drilling device by the rotary drive device, whereby the drilling bit group is rotated while being rotated in the circumferential direction. An excavating method can be implemented which applies an impact force to the excavated object. Furthermore, according to the second step, compared to the case where the above-mentioned rotary excavator 9 or the like is used, the striking force exerted by the digging bit under the driving force is different for each digging bit, or Or any of the soft layer and the hard rock without replacing the equipment, since the hard rock can be coped with by the drill bit group set in any aspect in which at least one drill bit is different from the other drill bits It is also possible to cope with the problem, which can save time and labor due to replacement of equipment. In addition, the drilling operation can be performed with relatively low noise and low vibration even during hard rock drilling.

  According to the drilling apparatus, the rotary drilling machine, the drilling method, and the drilling bit of the present invention, it is possible to cope with both soft layers and hard rocks without replacing the equipment, and extra time and time required for the replacement work In addition, excavating work can be performed with relatively low noise and low vibration even during hard rock excavation.

It is a front view showing a rotary excavator of the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the excavation device (1st Embodiment) of the rotary type excavator shown in FIG. It shows the structure of the drilling apparatus shown in FIG. 2, (a) is an attachment / detachment structure with the air tank, and (b) is an explanatory view showing an attachment / detachment structure with the air tank and the attachment. It is perspective explanatory drawing which decomposes | disassembles and shows the component of the drilling apparatus shown in FIG. It is side view expansion explanatory drawing of the intermediate part to tip part of the excavation apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the drilling apparatus shown in FIG. 2, and is an explanatory view showing the flow of air in an air tank and the movement of a piston and a digging bit. The drilling bit group (2nd arrangement aspect) of the drilling rig shown in FIG. 2 is shown, and each piston member (The member which has a cylinder and a piston. Hereinafter the same meaning is used.) Arrange | positioned for every drilling bit. It is bottom view explanatory drawing shown. 7 shows a digging bit 6B1 (6B2) of the drilling apparatus shown in FIG. 7, where (a) is a perspective view as viewed from the bottom side, (b) is a bottom view, and (c) is a perspective view as viewed from the bottom side (D) is a side view explanatory drawing. It is a perspective view of an air circulation control member. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a usage state of the drilling equipment shown in FIG. 2, in which (a) shows a state in which drilling bits of the drilling device hit hard rock, (b) shows a state in which hard rock is penetrated, (c) Shows the discharge process of earth removal from the hole bottom to the hole by omitting the middle part of the drilling equipment and the drilling hole. It is a perspective view which shows the other drilling apparatus (2nd Embodiment) of this invention. FIG. 12 is a bottom view explanatory diagram showing, in phantom lines, respective piston members arranged for each digging bit, showing a digging bit group (first arrangement aspect) of the drilling device shown in FIG. 11; It is a modification of the digging bit group of this invention, and (a) does not apply the 2nd arrangement mode to the digging bit group shown in FIG. 7, but the tip corner part of each digging bit is a non-overlapping arrangement to the rotation axis. It is a bottom view explanatory view of modification 1, and (b) does not apply the 1st arrangement mode to the digging bit group shown in Drawing 12, and is a modification whose tip corner of each digging bit is nonoverlapping arrangement at the rotation axis. FIG. 18 is a bottom view of the second example; It is a modification of the digging bit group of this invention, and (a) is a bottom view explanatory drawing of modification 3 which is an aspect which does not form a projection striking part in the digging bit shown in FIG. 7, (b) is FIG. It is a bottom view explanatory drawing of the modification 4 which is an aspect which does not form a protrusion striking part in a digging bit shown to (c) is two digging bits which comprise a digging bit group, and a protrusion strikes to a digging bit. It is bottom view explanatory drawing of the modification 5 which is an aspect which does not form a part. The drilling bit according to the present invention is a modification of the drilling bit according to the present invention in which (a) has two openings on the striking surface and two exhaust guide grooves extending from each opening are formed in parallel (modification FIG. 6B is a bottom view of 6), in which the drilling bit has two openings in the striking surface, and two exhaust guide grooves extending from each opening are formed in the opposite directions. It is a bottom view of Example 7). It is a modification of the drilling apparatus of this invention, and (a) is a side view of modification 8 which is the mode which provided the spiral blade over the longitudinal direction of the drum part perimeter of a drilling apparatus, (b) is a drilling apparatus It is a side view of modification 9 which is a mode which provided the flat bar covering the longitudinal direction of the drum section perimeter. It is a perspective view which shows the prior art of the drilling apparatus of patent document 1. FIG. (A) is a perspective view showing a prototype of the drilling apparatus before the present invention, (b) is an explanatory view comparing drilling bits before and after the drilling operation of the prototype shown in (a), (c) in (a) It is explanatory drawing which shows the inside of the wellbore excavated by the prototype shown.

The embodiment of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to FIGS. The following explanation is
[First embodiment] (drilling device 2a in which the drilling bit group is in the second arrangement mode),
[Second embodiment] (drilling device 2b in which the drilling bit group is in the first arrangement mode),
[Modification 1]-[Modification 9],
In the order of Further, reference numerals in the drawings are attached within the scope of reducing complexity and facilitating understanding, and a plurality of equivalents to which the same reference numerals are attached may be given reference numerals only to a part of them. . And in each embodiment and each modification which are mentioned below, although air is adopted as a working fluid, it is not limited to this, for example, other fluids, such as liquids, such as various gas, water, oil, etc. It does not exclude.

First Embodiment
The rotary excavator 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a drilling device 2a and a rotary drive 8 capable of giving a rotational motion to the drilling device 2a. Each part will be described in detail below. And the drilling method performed using the rotary excavator 1 is
(First step) A rotary excavator 1 composed of a drilling device 2a having a drilling bit group 5a consisting of a plurality of drilling bits and a rotary drive 8 is assembled and installed on the object H
(Second step) While rotating the digging apparatus 2a by the rotary drive 8 installed in the first step, each digging bit of the digging apparatus 2a is advanced and retracted to strike the object H by the striking surface 65d, Dig the object H,
It is done by.

  According to this excavating method, the excavating method is such that the rotary excavating machine 1 rotates the excavating apparatus 2a by the rotary drive device 8 and the excavating bit group 5a rotates in the circumferential direction to apply an impact force to the object H to be excavated. It can be implemented (see FIG. 1). Furthermore, according to this excavating method, compared with the case of using the above-mentioned rotary type excavating machine 9 and the like, since the hard rock H4 can be coped with by the projection striking portion 655, it is soft without replacing the equipment. It can correspond to any of the layer H5 and the hard rock H4 (see FIG. 10), thereby eliminating unnecessary labor and time due to replacement of the equipment. In addition, the drilling operation can be performed with relatively low noise and low vibration even during hard rock drilling.

(Drilling equipment 2a)
Reference is made to FIGS. The drilling device 2a includes a casing 3, a drive unit 4 stored in the casing 3, and a plurality of drilling bits 6A1, 6A2, 6B1 and 6B2 (hereinafter referred to as "6A1 to 6B2" in the description of all of them). The drill bit group 5a having the second arrangement aspect 52 configured is provided. Then, in the drilling device 2a, an air tank 7 (corresponding to the above-described storage tank) is continuously provided at a position opposite to the drilling bit group 5a of the casing 3.

<Casing 3>
The casing 3 is formed so as to be rotatable in the axial direction of the rotation axis 3R, and the drive unit 4 can be stored therein and the drilling bit group 5a can be provided, and the rotary drive 8 used in combination is the drilling device 2a Can be carried out by applying an impact force to the object H (the ground in this embodiment) while rotating the drilling bit group 5a in the circumferential direction 3C (FIG. 1). reference).

  In the present embodiment, the casing 3 is a hollow cylindrical body, the air tank side lid 33 is attached to the air tank 7 side of the casing 3, and the object to be excavated side lid 34 is attached to the excavated object side of the casing 3. Is mounted possible. The air tank side lid 33 and the object to be excavated side lid 34 have a required thickness, and insertion holes 331, 341 for inserting and inserting the respective end portions of the piston member 41 are respectively formed (FIG. 4, FIG. 6).

  The insertion hole 331 of the air tank lid 33 is in communication with a ventilation hole (not shown) at one end of the piston member 41 to be inserted. And the insertion hole 341 of the to-be-excluded object side cover body 34 is connecting with the ventilation hole (code | symbol abbreviation | omission) of the other end side of the piston member 41 inserted and inserted (refer FIG. 4, FIG. 6).

  A removable chuck guide 35 and a drive chuck 36 are attached to the outer surface (bottom surface in FIG. 4) of the object-side lid 34. The digging bit group 5a is attached to the digged side of the casing 3 via the chuck guide 35 and the drive chuck 36 (see FIGS. 4 and 6).

  The chuck guide 35 is attached to the casing 3 using a fastener consisting of a bolt 370 and a nut 371. The chuck guide 35 has a substantially circular shape in plan view and a predetermined thickness, and a plurality of through holes 351 (drilling bits 6A1 to 6B2) into which the drilling bits 6A1 to 6B2 can be inserted. And a total of four in the present embodiment are formed at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction (see FIGS. 4 and 6).

  The drive chuck 36 is a cylindrical body, and is mounted so as to be sandwiched between the chuck guide 35 and the casing 3. The drive chuck 36 is attached so that one end side in the longitudinal direction is inserted into the insertion hole 341 of the lid 34 and the other end side is inserted into the through hole 351 of the chuck guide 35 (FIG. 4, FIG. 6). The drive chuck 36 has an inner diameter at least in the vicinity of the other end in the longitudinal direction formed in a hexagonal shape in cross section (not shown), and has a size capable of inserting and inserting the connection shaft 61 of each digging bit 6A1 to 6B2 described later. It is set.

  Further, in the casing 3, a screw portion 32 is provided in a region which is longitudinally middle on the outer surface 31 of the trunk portion (see FIG. 3, FIG. 5, etc.). According to the screw unit 32, the crushed rock or sand (slime) generated during the drilling operation can be more efficiently sent out toward the hole hole H2 of the drilling hole (for example, in the case of a well hole in the surface direction) ( Hereinafter, it is called “discharge” (see FIG. 10 (c)).

  And the above-mentioned screw part 32 is set to have a smaller diameter than the provided region in the longitudinal direction both ends (upper part or lower part in FIG. 5) of the body outer surface 31, and the spiral blade provided in this small diameter part And a reinforcing rib 322 intersecting the spiral blade 321 and extending in the longitudinal direction of the outer surface 31 of the body. Furthermore, the position of the tip of the spiral blade 321 and the reinforcing rib 322 protruding in the outer peripheral direction is set to substantially the same height as the virtual surface 3V connecting the both ends in the longitudinal direction of the outer surface 31 of the body described above. In the spiral blade 321, engaging recesses 324 are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

  The above-mentioned screw portion 32 is set to this projecting height, thereby enabling soil removal without expanding the digging hole H1 beyond the initial set value during the drilling operation. In addition, since the screw portion 32 does not project beyond the upper or lower portion of the outer surface 31 of the trunk, for example, when transporting the drilling device 2a while laying it, there is a possibility of an accident such as breakage of the tip of the spiral blade 321 It can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the screw portion 32 has the reinforcing rib 322, the possibility of occurrence of a deformation accident of the spiral blade 321 due to an external force applied from the thickness direction of the spiral blade 321 can be suppressed.

<Drive unit 4>
Reference is mainly made to FIGS. 1, 4 and 6. The drive unit 4 is stored in the casing 3 and can supply a driving force to the digging bit group 5a to move the digging bits 6A1 to 6B2 forward and backward.

  In the present embodiment, the drive unit 4 is constituted by four piston members 41 stored in the casing 3. Each piston member 41 includes, in addition to the piston 411, a cylinder 412, a check valve (not shown), an air distributor (not shown), a valve spring (not shown), a make-up ring (not shown) and an O-ring (not shown) And piston retainer ring (symbols omitted), bit retainer ring (symbols omitted), etc., which are substantially the same as the well-known down-the-hole hammer drive mechanism (for example, described in JP-A-61-92288). . And each piston member 41 is being fixed in the inside of the casing 3 in the state pinched | interposed by the above-mentioned to-be-excluded object side cover 34 and the chuck guide 35 mentioned above.

  The operation of the drive unit 4 will be briefly described. The air that has flowed into the piston member 41 from the air tank 7 first passes through the side surface of the piston 411 and turns to the digging bits 6A1 to 6B2 side, whereby the piston 411 moves to the air tank 7 side. Next, along with the movement of the piston 411, the air turns to the air tank 7 side of the piston 411, and the air flows from the opening 611 of the connecting shaft 61 of the drilling bit 6A1 to 6B2 described later to the opening 653 of the striking surface 65 The piston 411 is discharged from the air tank 7 side to the digging bits 6A1 to 6B2 side. The repetition of this operation causes the piston 411 to move forward and backward, and when the piston 411 moves to the digging bit 6A1-6B2 side, an impact force (corresponding to the above-mentioned driving force) is applied to the digging bit 6, and the impact force digs the digging bit 6A1 to 6B2 are driven.

  Further, in the drive unit 4, the inflow timing of the air E is adjusted by an air flow control member 73 (corresponding to the above-mentioned “working fluid distribution unit”) provided in the air tank 7 described later, and the piston 411 It is set to advance and retreat at different timings.

  Furthermore, the drive unit 4 is set such that the piston members 41 have different diameters and the weight of the built-in piston 411 is different (see FIG. 7). Specifically, in the present embodiment, the piston 411 of the piston member 41 connected to one digging bit 6A1 described later in the order of clockwise circumferential direction has a diameter of 10 inches (254 mm) and a weight of 46 kg, The piston 411 of the piston member 41 connected to one drill bit 6B1 adjacent to the drill bit 6A1 has a diameter of 6 inches (152.4 mm) and a weight of 23 kg, and is adjacent to the drill bit 6B1 (ie The piston 411 of the piston member 41 connected to the other drilling bit 6A2 (at the opposite position of the drilling bit 6A1) is 8 inches (203.8 mm) in diameter and 31 kg in weight, and is adjacent to this drilling bit 6A2 The piston 41 of the piston member 41 connected to the other drilling bit 6B2 (that is, in the opposite position of one drilling bit 6B1) , The weight of 5 inches in diameter (127 mm) is to 9.4 kg, are set.

  As described above, in the digging bits 6A1 to 6B2 constituting the digging bit group 5a, the largest striking force generated by the largest piston 411 is applied to the largest striking surface (the striking surface 65a of the digging bit 6A1). The drilling bit 6A1 with the maximum impact force fractures the hard rock H4 during the rotary drilling operation, or causes the hard rock H4 to crack and is subsequently hit by the other drilling bit 6A2, 6B1, 6B2 It can be crushed into small pieces, thereby suppressing the formation of the central convex portion H6 during hard rock excavation and central deformation while minimizing the increase in the weight of the entire device and the increase in consumption of working fluid (air). The effects of the generation suppression of the part H7 can be further enhanced.

<Drilling bit, drilling bit group>
Please refer to FIG. 5 and FIG. The digging bit group 5a is provided on the object side of the casing 3 and includes four digging bits 6A1 to 6B2 that can move forward and backward in the axial direction of the casing 3 by receiving driving force, and each of the digging bits 6A1 to 6B2 The striking surface 65 is disposed around the rotation axis 3R of the casing 3.

  The drilling bit group 5a is provided on the casing 3, and a plurality of drilling bits 6A1 to 6B2 are formed in a portion along the peripheral edge portion of the casing 3 and the projection striking portion 655 projecting from the striking surface 65 in the striking direction The object H is configured to be able to apply an initial hit to the object H by means of the projection impact part 655. By this, even if the object to be excavated is hard rock H4 in the drilling hole H1, the hard rock H4 is fractured in response to this strike, or the hard rock H4 is cracked at the first strike, It can be shredded into small pieces by the subsequent striking by other parts of the striking surface. That is, not only the soft layer H5 but also the hard rock H4 can be coped with, it is possible to cope with both the soft layer H5 and the hard rock H4 without replacing the equipment, and this makes it unnecessary to replace the equipment. Time and effort can be omitted. In addition, the drilling operation can be performed with relatively low noise and low vibration even during hard rock drilling.

  In addition, in the digging bit group 5a, corner portions 67 are formed on the side of the rotation axis 3R of each striking surface 65 in the digging bits 6A1 to 6B2 constituting the digging bit group 5a. The drilling bit group 5a has only the edge 661 on the rotation axis 3R side of the set of striking surfaces 65 (the striking surfaces of the drilling bits 6A1 and 6A2) oppositely disposed across the rotation axis 3R. In the second arrangement aspect 51 disposed so that the tip of the corner portion 67 overlaps with 3R and the tip of the corner portion 67 does not overlap with the rotation axis 3R, the edge on the rotation axis 3R side of each striking surface 65 is the rotation axis 3R Are gathered close to each other (see FIG. 7). Each striking surface 65 is on a substantially orthogonal plane 6C of the rotation axis 3R of the casing 3 (see FIG. 5), and can strike the object H.

  In this drill bit group 5a, the striking surfaces 65 of the digging bits 6A1 to 6B2 are disposed around the rotation axis 3R of the casing 3, and the rotation axis 3R side of each striking surface 65 is obtained by the second arrangement aspect 51 described above. Since the edges of are assembled close to each other in the vicinity of the rotation axis 3R, the respective digging bits 6A1 to 6B2 are attached with almost no gap in the vicinity of the rotation axis 3R. According to the configuration of the digging bit group 5a, the object H to be hit by the digging bit group 5a can be drilled without unevenness, and the digging hole H1 formed by the digging operation has a central convex portion at the inner bottom It will be almost flat without being

  Then, since the drilling bit group 5a is configured in the second arrangement aspect 51, the rotational axis center non-overlapping arrangement on the striking surface 65 is obtained in the rotational axial direction view at the time of rotational excavation work, and the corner portion 67 The edge 611 longer than the tip can intermittently or almost continuously pass through the rotation axis 3R and the vicinity thereof. Thereby, the center of the surface to be excavated is excavated at the edge 661 on the side of the rotation axis of the striking surface 65 of the drilling bit 6A1 or 6A2 oppositely disposed and at the striking surface 65 along the portion Thus, the load concentrated on the striking surface 65 can be dispersed by a plurality of (two in the present embodiment) striking surfaces 65, and the concentration of the load on the corner portion 67 is alleviated. As a result, Also, the formation of the central convex portion H6 is suppressed, and accordingly, the generation of the central deformation portion H7 is also suppressed.

  More specifically, the group of digging bits 5a includes a pair of digging bits 6A1 and 6A2 of the same shape and a pair of digging bits 6B1 and 6B2 (four in total) of the same shape. It is configured in combination with Here, the drilling bits 6A1 and 6A2 are disposed opposite to each other with the rotation axis 3R interposed therebetween, and the drilling bits 6B1 and 6B2 are arranged at the rotation axis 3R at a position between the drilling bits 6A1 and 6A2 in the circumferential direction. It is arranged oppositely across.

  The drill bits 6A1 and 6A2 and the drill bits 6B1 and 6B2 are different in shape and size of the striking surface etc. as described later (the drill bits 6B1 and 6B2 are set smaller than the drill bits 6A1 and 6A2) Therefore, in the second axial direction, in the second arrangement aspect 51, only the side portions 66 of the digging bits 6A1 and 6A2 are positioned close to the rotating axis 3R, and the digging bits 6B1 and 6B2 are The side portion 66 and the corner portion 67 are not arranged close to the rotation axis 3R (in other words, they are arranged apart from the rotation axis 3R). Furthermore, the corner 67 of the digging bit 6A1 and 6A2 and the digging bit 6B1 and 6B2 is a location that is about 6% of the distance from the rotation axis 3R to the outer peripheral end of the casing 3 based on the rotation axis 3R of the casing 3 Is located in

  Please refer to FIG. 8 and FIG. The drilling bit 6A1 (6A2 has the same shape) in the present embodiment is provided with a connecting shaft 61 receiving the driving force supplied from the drive unit 4 and a striking surface 65 on the opposite side to the connecting shaft 61. The impact surface 65 surrounded by the portion 66 has a corner portion 67 at a position on the rotary shaft center 3R side when attached to the drilling apparatus 2a, and both edges sandwiching the corner portion 67 have different lengths. And a head portion 62 configured such that the tip end of the corner portion 67 does not overlap with the rotation axis 3R in the attached state (see FIG. 8). Then, in the digging bit 6A1, a flow path 621 of air from the opening 611 of the connection shaft 61 to the opening 653 of the striking surface 65 is formed (see FIG. 10).

  The connecting shaft portion 61 is a connecting means to the piston 411 and is a cylindrical free end having an opening 611 formed at the tip, and a base end joined to the head portion 62. It is formed in the outside diameter which can be inserted and inserted. In addition, in the connecting shaft portion 61, a region on the head portion 62 side from the axial direction middle of the outer peripheral surface is formed in a hexagonal shape in cross section, and when inserted into the drive chuck 36, the portion serves as a spline shaft It is possible to prevent the rotation in the circumferential direction and to guide the movement in the direction of movement. Further, a check valve (not shown) capable of preventing the backflow of air flowing in the direction of the head portion 62 is provided in the above-described air flow path 621 in the connection shaft portion 61. The connecting shaft portion 61 is mounted so as not to be detached from the drive chuck side by the above-described hammer bit retainer ring and O ring.

  The head portion 62 of the digging bit 6A1 has a substantially pentagonal prismatic shape, and a joint portion 622 joined to the base end of the connection shaft portion 61 and a joint portion 622 are connected and extended toward the opposite side of the connection shaft portion 61 1 side wall surface 623a, second side wall surface 623b, third side wall surface 623c, fourth side wall surface 623d and fifth side wall surface 623e (hereinafter referred to as "623a-e" in the description of all of them), side wall portion 623a A striking surface 65 connected to ~ e and having a substantially pentagonal surface shape is formed. In the digging bit 6A1, a button-shaped cemented carbide tip 651 is provided at a predetermined interval over the entire striking surface 65 and a part of the side wall portion 623 (only near the striking surface of the first side wall surface 623a described later). It is planted (distributed).

  The digging bit 6A1 is arranged in a shape along a portion of the outer surface 31 of the casing 3 in a state of attachment to the chuck guide 35 (hereinafter simply referred to as "attachment state" in this paragraph). Of the first side wall surface 623a and one side edge of the first side wall surface 623a ("side edge" is used with the meaning excluding the joint portion 622 side and the striking surface 65 side, and the same applies in the following paragraph) The second side wall surface 623b extending toward the side of the rotational axis 3R of the casing 3 (hereinafter simply referred to as "the side of the rotational axis" in the present paragraph) in the attached state; It is connected to the other side edge, and connected to the opposite side edge of the third side wall surface 623c extending toward the rotation axis 3R in the attached state, and the first side wall surface 623a of the second side wall surface 623b, It extends in the horizontal major axis direction of the rotary shaft center 3R side and the head section 62. The fourth side wall surface 623d is connected to the other side end of the third side wall surface 623c opposite to the first side wall surface 623a, and is extended in the direction of the rotation axis 3R of the casing 3 and in the longitudinal direction of the head portion 62. The fourth side wall surface 623d is connected to the end opposite to the second side wall surface 623b to form an acute corner portion 67, and a fifth side wall surface 623e longer in the horizontal major axis direction than the fourth side wall surface 623d. And consists of That is, in the striking surface 65, the lengths of the side portions corresponding to the fourth side wall surface 623d and the fifth side wall surface 623e are different (unequal sides).

  The striking surface 65 of the drilling bit 6A1 is a flat striking portion 652 and along the edge along the outer peripheral edge of the drilling bit group 5a in the rotational axial direction (that is, striking surfaces of the drilling bits 6A1 to 6B2 At a portion along the peripheral edge portion of the casing 3 65, a projecting portion striking portion 655 formed in an arc shape (see FIG. 8).

  The flat striking portion 652 has an opening 653 formed substantially at the center, and the air passing through the air flow path 621 formed in the digging bit 6A1 is discharged from the opening 653. The opening 653 is formed with two exhaust guide grooves 654 extending from the edge of the opening 653 to the second side wall surface 623b and the third side wall surface 623c. In the excavated hole H1, the exhaust guide groove 654 guides the air discharged from the opening 653 toward the body outer surface 31 of the casing 3 with the hole bottom H3, and efficiently diffuses the air in the hole. (See FIG. 10 (c)).

  The ridge impact portion 655 is formed with an inclined surface 656 between the flat impact portion 652 and this inclined surface 656 is reversely tapered such that the inclination angle 65A from the flat impact portion 652 to the projection impact portion 655 is 35 °. The projection height 65H of the projection impact portion 656 is set to 3 cm from the flat impact portion 652 (see FIG. 8 (d)). According to the projection impact portion 656 of the present configuration, the above-described action and effect can be achieved, and the chip can be resistant to chipping and exhibits excellent durability.

  So far, the digging bit 6A1 has been described mainly with reference to FIG. 8. However, since the digging bit 6A2 has the same structure as the digging bit 6A1 as described above, the same operation and effect can be obtained.

  The digging bits 6B1 and 6B2 have the same configuration as the digging bit 6A1 in the side wall surfaces corresponding to the first side wall surface, the second side wall surface and the third side wall surface described above, but the fourth side wall surface and the fifth side wall surface It differs from the digging bit 6A1 in that the width of the side wall surface corresponding to the side wall surface is the same, and the side corresponding to the fourth side wall surface and the fifth side wall surface in the striking surface 65 is equal. In addition, the digging bits 6B1 and 6B2 have substantially the same basic configuration as the digging bit 6A1 except for the above-described points and sizes, and therefore separate illustrations and descriptions of structures and effects are omitted.

  By making the digging bits 6A1 to 6B2 into the above-mentioned configuration, almost no gap is left in the rotary shaft center 3R of the casing 3 for each striking surface 65 of the digging bits 6A1 to 6B2 in which the projection striking portions 655 are formed. While being able to be arrange | positioned, the drilling bit group 5a can be made into the 2nd arrangement mode 51 which is a rotation axis non-overlapping arrangement | positioning to the above-mentioned striking surface.

(Air tank)
Reference is mainly made to FIGS. 2, 3, 5, 6, 9 and 10. In the present embodiment, the drilling device 2 a is provided with an air tank 7 that stores the working fluid (air) supplied to the drive unit 4. The air tank 7 can temporarily store air introduced from the outside and supply it to the drive unit 4.

  In the present embodiment, the air tank 7 is continuously provided on the opposite side to the digging portion side of the casing 3 (that is, the side where the digging bit group 5a is present). The air tank 7 is provided at the other end side of the trunk 70 with a cylindrical body 70 with a lid having a cylindrical shape smaller in diameter and airtight than the casing 3, a connection joint 71 provided at one end of the trunk 70, and And an air flow control member 73 provided in the trunk portion 70. Further, a cylindrical attachment 74 is externally attached to and attached to the air tank 7, and the attachment 74 has a structure that can be attached to and detached from the air tank 7 (see FIG. 3B).

  Since the body 70 is smaller in diameter than the casing 3, the maximum diameter portion 74M of the attachment is the same as the maximum diameter portion 3M of the casing when the attachment 74 is attached, or the diameter of the attachment 74 is slightly smaller ( (Hereinafter referred to as “substantially the same”) (see FIG. 5), whereby the diameter of the drilling hole H1 is larger than the initial set value set from the maximum diameter portion 3M of the casing during the drilling operation Enables the discharge without expanding (see FIG. 10). Moreover, the trunk | drum 70 can be temporarily stored in the high pressure state by the air-tightly comprised, and the air supplied from the outside can be stored.

  The connection joint 71 is a hexagonal column in which the rotation axis 71R and the rotation axis 7R of the air tank coincide with each other, the base end is attached to the air tank 7, and the opening 711 is open at the free end. A flow passage 712 communicating with the inside of the air tank 7 is formed from the opening 711 (see FIG. 6. The rotation axis 71R and the rotation axis 7R are described only in FIG. 6). The air tank 7 and the suspension shaft 84 described later are rotatably connected by the connection joint 71, and the air tank 7 is connected from an external air supply source via an air supply pipe 841 connected to the suspension shaft 84. Air is supplied (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 6).

  The connecting member 72 is a member for connecting to the drilling apparatus 2a, and the through hole 721 having one end opened to the air tank 7 and the other end connected to the piston member 41 is substantially circumferentially A plurality of (in this embodiment, a total of four) are formed at intervals. The air tank 7 and the drilling apparatus 2a can be connected by the connecting body 72, and the air in the air tank 7 can be supplied to the corresponding piston members 41 through the through holes 721 (see FIG. 6 and FIG. 6). The air flow direction is indicated by arrow AF in 6).

  The air flow control member 73 is a bowl-shaped member disposed on the surface of the connecting member 72 in the air tank 7, and has a bowl-shaped receiving portion 731 and a substantially truncated cone-shaped support 732 for supporting the receiving portion 731. Have. The air flow control member 73 can control the flow direction of the air supplied through the connection joint 71 in the air tank 7 (as indicated by the arrow shown in FIG. 6). Specifically, first, the receiving portion 731 directly receives the air supplied from the connection joint side 71, and then the air strikes the receiving portion 731 and bounces back and swirls in the air tank 7, and the connection body 72 penetrates at different timings. By flowing into the holes 721, the flow of air is controlled. Thus, the arrival time of the air introduced from the air tank 7 to the piston member 41 can be changed by changing the flow of the air in the air tank 7 (see FIGS. 6 and 9).

  In the attachment 74, a spiral blade 741 is provided on a body outer peripheral surface 740, and in the spiral blade 741, engaging recesses 742 are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction (see FIG. 3). The spiral direction of the spiral blade 741 is the same as that of the spiral blade 321 provided in the casing 3. The spiral blade 741 acts in accordance with the rotation of the drilling device 2a at the time of the drilling operation, whereby the earth is discharged from the back of the drilling hole H1 in the direction of the hole H2 of the drilling hole and reaches the position of the air tank 7. Can be further sent to the well hole H2 of the wellbore (see FIG. 10).

  And since attachment 74 is a structure which can be attached and detached to air tank 7, even if it is a case where spiral blade 741 is damaged by excavation work, it is only necessary to replace attachment 74, and it contributes to work cost reduction. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described configuration, and for example, the aspect of directly providing a spiral blade to the body portion 70 of the air tank 7 is not excluded.

  When the spiral blade 741 is attached to the air tank 7, the maximum diameter portion 74M of the attachment (that is, the position of the protruding tip of the spiral blade 741) is substantially the same as the maximum diameter portion 3M of the casing (identical to slightly smaller diameter It is set to be), thereby enabling the earth removal to be carried out without expanding the excavation hole H1 beyond the initial set value during the excavation work (see FIG. 5 and FIG. 10).

  The engagement recess 742 is engaged with a locking ridge (not shown) of the rotary drive 8 to be described later, transmits the driving force from the rotary drive 8 to the air tank 7, and excavates the air tank 7. The device 2a can be rotated. Note that an engagement structure (not shown) is provided between the air tank 7 and the attachment 74, and the attached attachment 74 is integrated as it does not idle around the air tank 7 by this engagement structure. It is designed to rotate in the axial direction. For example, a known engaging structure such as a recess and a protrusion, and a fixing pin and a pin hole can be employed as this engaging structure.

<Rotary drive device>
In the present embodiment, the rotary drive device 8 includes a main body 80 having a rotary table 81 in which an insertion hole 811 penetrating in the vertical direction is formed, and a support leg 82 of an outrigger structure for supporting the main body 80. . The rotary table 81 has a drive unit (not shown) composed of a hydraulic motor, a gear device, and the like. Further, on the inner wall of the insertion hole 811 of the rotary table 80, a locking ridge (not shown) is formed in a direction along the central axis of the insertion hole 811.

  The rotary drive device 8 has the above-described configuration, whereby when the drilling device 2a is passed through the insertion hole 811 of the rotary table 81, the locking ridge portion provided in the present device and the spiral blade of the drilling device 2a Locking recesses 324 and 742 formed in 321 and 741 are slidably engaged with each other, whereby the drilling device 2a attached to the rotary drive 8 can be lowered by its own weight. Then, since the locking ridges and the locking recesses 324 and 742 are in the locking state, the driving force from the rotary drive 8 is applied to the drilling device 2a, and the drilling device 2a is rotationally driven in the horizontal direction. Can. In addition, since the rotational drive device 8 has a well-known structure which is disclosed by Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2011-26955, for example, description of a structure and an effect | action is stopped to the said outline | summary description, and it abbreviate | omits about a detail.

Second Embodiment
Drilling equipment 2b shown in Drawing 11 and Drawing 12 applies drilling bit group 5b which is the 1st arrangement mode 52 to above-mentioned drilling equipment 2a. In the air tank 7b, a flat bar 743 is applied to the outer surface of the trunk portion 70 instead of the spiral blade. In addition, although the rotary drive 8 in the above-mentioned rotary type excavating machine 1a can be used also for the digging apparatus 2b, the description will be omitted. In addition, the same parts as the parts (casing, drive unit, digging bit) described in the rotary excavator 1a are given the same reference numerals, and the description of the structure and operation thereof is omitted, and only different points will be described.

(Drilling equipment)
The drilling apparatus 2b is composed of a casing 3b, a drive unit 4 mounted on the casing 3b, and a plurality of drilling bits 6D1, 6E1 and 6E2 (hereinafter referred to as "6D1 to 6E2" in the description of all of them). A drill bit group 5b having a first arrangement 52 is provided.

<Casing, drive unit, air tank>
In the present embodiment, a total of three through holes for inserting the drill bit formed in the chuck guide 36 of the casing 3b are formed at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the drive unit 4 is stored in the casing 3b. It is comprised by the three piston members 41 which were carried out (illustration omitted). The piston members 41 are set to have different diameters so that the weights of the built-in pistons (not shown) are different (see FIG. 12).

  Specifically, in the drive unit 4 of the present embodiment, the piston of the piston member 41 connected to the drilling bit 6D1 described later in the clockwise circumferential direction has a diameter of 10 inches (254 mm) and a weight of 46 kg. The piston of the piston member 41 connected to the drill bit 6E1 adjacent to the clockwise side of the drill bit 6D1 has a diameter of 8 inches (203.8 mm) and a weight of 31 kg, and the clockwise side of the drill bit 6E1 The piston of the piston member 41 connected to the drill bit 6E2 adjacent to the cylinder has a diameter of 6 inches (152.4 mm) and a weight of 23 kg, and according to this drive unit 4, the drilling unit 2a Formation of the central convex H6 during hard rock excavation while minimizing the increase in the overall weight of the device and the increase in consumption of working fluid (air) It can be further enhanced the effect of suppressing the occurrence of the stop and the central deformation portion H7.

  The flat bar 743 is a substantially rectangular cross section provided on the body portion 70 of the air tank 7b and is a convex stripe extending along the long axis direction of the air tank 7b. A plurality of flat bars 743 are provided at predetermined intervals along the axial direction of the air tank 7b. In the embodiment, four locations (see FIG. 11) are provided.

  In the case of using the drilling device 2b provided with the flat bar, the rotary drive device replaces the rotary table with one having the locking ridge formed on the inner wall of the insertion hole described in the description of the first embodiment. The locking recess is formed in a direction along the central axis of the insertion hole. In this case, when the drilling device 2b is passed through the insertion hole of the rotary table by providing the above-described configuration, the rotational drive device has the locking recess provided in the present device and the flat bar 743 of the drilling device 2b. The drilling device 2b, which is slidably engaged and thereby attached to the rotary drive, can be lowered by its own weight. Then, since the flat bar 743 and the locking recess are in the locked state, the driving force from the rotational drive device is applied to the drilling device 2b, and the drilling device 2b can be rotationally driven in the horizontal direction.

<Drilling bit, drilling bit group>
Please refer to FIG. The digging bit group 5b is provided on the object side of the casing 3b and includes a plurality of digging bits 6D1 to 6E2 that can move forward and backward in the axial direction of the casing 3b by receiving driving force, and each striking surface 65b is the casing 3b. It is arranged around the rotation axis 3R of.

  The digging bit group 5b is provided on the casing 3b, and a plurality of digging bits 6D1 to 6E2 formed in a portion along the peripheral edge portion of the casing 3b are provided with projecting strip hitting parts 655 projecting from the striking face 65b in the striking direction. The object H is configured to be able to apply an initial hit to the object H by means of the projection impact part 655. Thus, the drilling device 2b can cope not only with the soft layer H5 but also with the hard rock H4, like the drilling device 2a, so it can cope with both the soft layer H5 and the hard rock H4 without replacing the equipment. It is possible to save time and effort by replacing equipment. In addition, the drilling operation can be performed with relatively low noise and low vibration even during hard rock drilling.

  In the digging bits 6D1 to 6E2, corner portions 67b are formed on the rotary shaft center 3R side of each striking surface 65b. In the first arrangement mode 52 in which only one of the striking surfaces 65 (the striking surface of the drilling bit 6D1) of the drilling bit group 5b overlaps the rotation axis 3R, the rotation axis of each striking surface 65b is Edges on the 3R side are gathered close to each other in the vicinity of the rotation axis 3R. Each striking surface 65 b is on a surface substantially orthogonal to the rotation axis 3 R of the casing 3 and can strike the object H to be excavated.

  Then, in the drilling bits 6D1 to 6E2, similarly to the drilling device 2a, the drilling bits 6D1 to 6E2 can be arranged such that there is almost no gap in the rotational axis 3R of the casing and the vicinity thereof 5b can be made into the 1st arrangement | positioning aspect 52 which is the above-mentioned rotation-axis center overlapping arrangement.

  According to this rotational axis overlapping arrangement, the striking surface 65b of the drilling bit 6D1 can be always overlapped with the rotational axis 3R and its vicinity, and the corner in moving the drilling bit 6D1 in the rotational direction The impact surface 65b of the drilling bit 6D1 which is a region wider than the portion 67b excavates while always passing through the rotation axis 3R and its vicinity, so load concentration on a small number of tips 651 at the corner 67b and the corner 67b Accordingly, the formation of the central convex portion H6 at the time of hard rock excavation can be suppressed, and the generation of the central deformation portion H7 can also be suppressed.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the striking surface 65b in the vicinity of the corner portion 67b extending from the outer periphery of the drilling bit 6D1 toward the rotation axis 3R in the drilling axial direction as viewed in the rotation axis direction. A portion of the rotation axis 3R is disposed overlapping the rotation axis 3R. With this configuration, the above-described striking surface 65b and the rotational axis 3R can be overlapped with each other with a sufficient margin so as to overlap with each other. A part of the striking surface 65b is rotated during the rotary digging operation. Since the excavation is carried out in a state in which the shaft center 3R and its vicinity are always overlapped in a sure manner, thereby, the respective effects of the formation suppression of the central convex portion H6 and the generation suppression of the central deformation portion H7 can be further enhanced .

  More specifically, the drill bit group 5b is configured by combining three drill bits 6E1 and two pairs of drill bits 6E1 and 6E2 each having the same shape into a fork, and the drill bit The striking surface 65b in the vicinity of the corner of 6D1 is disposed beyond the rotation axis 3R (including the rotation axis 3R, which can be called in other words), and the respective digging bits 6E1 and 6E2 each have the rotation axis 3R They are arranged adjacent to each other across the diameter line L2 of the passing drilling portion.

  The drill bit 6D1 and the drill bits 6E1 and 6E2 are different in shape and size of the striking surface 65b as described later (the drill bits 6E1 and 6E2 are set smaller than the drill bit 6D1) Thus, only the striking surface 65b of the drill bit 6D1 overlaps the rotary shaft 3R in the rotational axis direction, and both the side portion 66b and the corner portion 67b of the drill bit 6E1 and 6E2 are rotational axes It does not overlap with the mind 3R. Furthermore, the corner portion 67b of the drilling bit 6D1 and the drilling bits 6E1 and 6E2 is disposed at about 5.4% of the distance from the rotation axis 3R to the outer peripheral edge of the casing 3b with reference to the rotation axis 3R. ing.

  The digging bit 6D1 has a first side wall surface 624a having an arc shape in end view and one of the first side wall surfaces 624a disposed in a shape along a part of the outer surface 31 of the casing 3b when attached to the chuck guide. It is connected to the side edge and connected to the second side wall surface 624b extended to the rotation axis 3R side in the attached state and to the other side edge of the first side wall surface 624a, and in the attached state the rotation axis 3R side Connected to the edge of the second side wall surface 624b opposite to the first side wall surface 624a of the second side wall surface 624b, and is directed to the side of the rotation axis 3R and in the horizontal major axis direction of the head portion (reference numeral omitted) Connected to the opposite end of the fourth side wall surface 624d extended from the first side wall surface 624a of the third side wall surface 624c, in the direction of the rotation axis 3R of the casing 3b and in the longitudinal direction of the head portion The second side wall surface 62 of the fourth side wall surface 624 d is extended. A fifth side wall surface 624e constituting the sharp corners 67b connected to the b opposite end, it consists. In the striking surface 65b, the lengths of the side portions 66b corresponding to the fourth side wall surface 624d and the fifth side wall surface 624e are equal sides, and the length of the side portion 66b corresponding to the second side wall surface 624b and the third side wall surface 624c. The configuration is an equilateral side (see FIG. 12).

  On the other hand, the digging bits 6E1 and 6E2 have the same configuration as the digging bit 6D1 with respect to the first side wall surface 624a, but the side portion 66b corresponding to the second side wall surface 624b corresponds to the third side wall surface 624c. The excavating bit 6D1 and the excavating bit 6D1 in that the side 66b corresponding to the fifth side wall surface 624e is longer than the side 66b and the side 66b corresponding to the fifth side wall surface 624d is longer than the side 66b. It is different.

  The drill bit 6D1 and the impact surfaces 65b of the drill bits 6E1 and 6E2 have the above-described shapes, whereby the drill bits 6D1 to 6E2 can be arranged such that almost no gap is left in the rotational axis 3R of the casing 3b. In addition, the drilling bit group 5b can be set to the first arrangement aspect 52 which is the above-described rotation axis overlapping arrangement.

[Modification]
In addition to the aspects described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment (hereinafter, abbreviated as "first and second embodiments"), the present invention also includes the aspects described in the following modified examples.

<Drilling bit group and drilling bit>
(Modification 1, Modification 2)
13 (a) is a modification 1 which is another aspect of the digging bit group 5a shown in FIG. 7, and FIG. 13 (b) is a modification 2 which is another aspect of the digging bit group 5b shown in FIG. is there. Modifications 1 and 2 will be described with reference to FIG. The digging bit group 5c and the digging bit group 5d are the same as those of the first and second embodiments except for the differences to be described later, and therefore the description of the structure and the operational effects thereof will be omitted.

  The drill bit group 5c, which is the first modification, is similar to the drill bit group 5a shown in FIG. 7 in that it comprises four drill bits 6F1, 6F2, 6F3, 6F4 (hereinafter referred to as "6F1 to 6F4"). The corner portion 67c located at the tip of each digging bit 6F1 to 6F4 is a non-overlapping arrangement on the rotation axis 3R without applying the second arrangement mode 51 described above, and the length of each side portion sandwiching the corner portion 67c Are identical (equal sides), and each digging bit 6F1 to 6F4 differs from the digging bit group 5a in that the structure including the shape of the striking surface is identical.

  According to the digging bit group 5c, since each digging bit 6F1 to 6F4 has the same structure, it is not necessary to manufacture, purchase or store two types of digging bits like the digging bit group 5a, and only one kind of procurement It's over. Thereby, for example, when using as a replacement part or a spare part, it is only necessary to prepare one type of drill bit regardless of which drill bit is lost, thereby reducing waste such as leaving one type of drill bit In addition, space saving can be achieved at the time of storage, and furthermore, the number of replacement parts and the like carried to the site can be reduced.

  The drill bit group 5d which is the second modification is similar to the drill bit group 5b shown in FIG. 12 in that it comprises three drill bits 6G1, 6G2 and 6G3 (hereinafter referred to as "6G1 to 6G3"). In the first arrangement mode 52 of the first embodiment, the corner portions 67d located at the tips of the respective digging bits 6G1 to 6G3 are non-overlapping arrangements with the rotation axis 3R, and the lengths of the sides sandwiching the corner portions 67d are the same. And each digging bit 6G1 to 6G3 differs from the digging bit group 5b in that the structure including the shape of the striking face is the same.

  According to the drilling bit group 5d, since each drilling bit 6G1 to 6G3 has the same structure, it is not necessary to manufacture, purchase or store two types of drilling bits like the drilling bit group 5b, and only one type of procurement It's over. Thereby, for example, when using as a replacement part or a spare part, it is only necessary to prepare one type of drill bit regardless of which drill bit is lost, thereby reducing waste such as leaving one type of drill bit In addition, space saving can be achieved at the time of storage, and furthermore, the number of replacement parts and the like carried to the site can be reduced.

(Modifications 3, 4 and 5)
14 (a) is an embodiment in which no projection part is formed on the digging bit of the digging bit group 5a shown in FIG. 7; and FIG. 14 (b) is a digging bit of the digging bit group 5b shown in FIG. The modification 4 which is an aspect which does not form a protrusion striking part, FIG.14 (c) is a form which is an aspect which does not form a protrusion striking part in a digging bit which has two digging bits which comprise the digging bit group 5 5 Modifications 3 to 5 will be described with reference to FIG. The digging bit group 5e to the digging bit group 5g are the same as in the first and second embodiments except for the differences described later, so the description of the structure and the operational effects will be omitted.

  The digging bit group 5e which is the third modification includes four digging bits 6Q1, 6Q2, 6R1, 6R2 (hereinafter referred to as "6Q1 to 6R2") as in the digging bit group 5a shown in FIG. Although it is the same at a certain point, it differs from the digging bit group 5a in that the above-mentioned projection impact part is not formed. According to the digging bit group 5e, the object H1 hit by the digging bit group 5e can be drilled without unevenness, and the central convex portion is not formed at the center on the back side of the digging hole to be substantially flat. be able to.

  The drill bit group 5f which is the modification 4 is composed of three drill bits 6S1, 6T1 and 6T2 (hereinafter referred to as "6S1 to 6T2") in the same manner as the drill bit group 5b shown in FIG. However, the drill bit group 5b differs from the drill bit group 5b in that the above-described projection impact portion is not formed. According to the digging bit group 5f, the object H1 hit by the digging bit group 5f can be drilled without unevenness, and the central convex portion is not formed in the center on the back side of the digging hole to be substantially flat. be able to.

  The drilling bit group 5g according to the fifth modification has a striking surface portion 65g of semicircular drilling bits 6U1 and 6V1 and only the striking surface portion 65g of the drilling bit drilling bit 6U1 and the rotational axis 3R when viewed from the rotational axis direction Overlapping, on the other hand, the digging bit 6V1 does not overlap with the rotation axis 3R (first arrangement mode). According to the drilling apparatus provided with the drilling bit group 5g of the present modification, although the silent system and the low vibration property are handed over to the drilling apparatus of the first and second embodiments, the vibration is lower than that of the single bit down-the-hole hammer Since the noise is low and the striking force is larger than that of the drilling device of the first and second embodiments, it can be suitably used for an object to be excavated containing a large amount of hard rock.

(Modification 6, Modification 7)
In the first and second embodiments, the opening 653 of the flat hitting portion 652 is one for each digging bit, but the invention is not limited to this. For example, the digging of the sixth modification shown in FIG. Like the drill bit 6P1 of the bit 6P1 or the modification 4 shown in FIG. 15 (b), the air flow path is branched in the head portion, and the opening 653 formed in the flat striking portion 652 is made 2 or more It can also be done.

  Further, in the first and second embodiments, the exhaust guide groove 654 is formed in two lines in different directions from the edge of the opening 653 (two lines merge around the opening 653, so that it can be expressed as one). However, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the number of exhaust guide grooves to be formed may be one or three or more, or, for example, they may be formed in the same direction such as the first side wall surface. It may be an aspect etc. For example, the exhaust guide groove 654 of the digging bit 6P1 of the sixth modification shown in FIG. 15A has four strips in different directions from the edge of the two openings 653 (two bars merge around the opening 653) The exhaust guide groove 654 of the drilling bit 6N1 of the seventh modification shown in FIG. 15 (b) is formed in two different directions from the edge of the two openings 653. There is.

  In each of the embodiments and modifications described above, the chips 651 are implanted and dispersed in the drilling bit 6A1 or the like, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a plurality of grooves may be formed in the striking surface Alternatively, as a result of the flat surface and the recess being continuous, the flat surface may substantially replace the function of the chip as the protrusion.

  In the arrangement aspect constituting the digging bit group in each embodiment or each modification described above, the corner of each digging bit has its tip extending from the rotation axis to the outer peripheral end of the casing with reference to the rotation axis of the casing It is preferable to set so that it may fit inside a 5%-30% radius area of distance. If it is less than 5%, the corner portion is too close to the rotation axis, and a central convex portion H6 as shown in FIG. 18 (c) is formed at the back center of the drilling hole when drilling hard rock. There is a possibility that the central deformation portion H7 may be generated in the bit, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it exceeds 30%, a digging bit smaller than the diameter of the piston member is generated and the transmission efficiency of the striking force may be reduced. Again, not desirable.

  In each of the embodiments or the modifications described above, the head portion 62 is formed so that the striking surface 65 has a pentagonal surface shape, but is not limited to this. For example, the surface shape of the striking surface is semicircular It may be fan-shaped, substantially triangular or substantially rectangular, etc. In a state where a plurality of drilling bits are attached to the drilling equipment, the side wall portion facing the rotation axis side of one drilling bit is an opposing position or It is sufficient that the side wall portions of the other drilling bits in the adjacent position face toward the rotation axis side and the side wall portions that can be butted against each other with almost no gap. The head portion may have not only a prismatic shape, but also a frustum shape whose bottom surface is a striking surface.

  In each of the above-described embodiments or each of the modified examples, although the inclination angle 65A of the inclined surface 656 is set to 35 °, the protrusion striking portion 655 is not limited to this. For example, the inclination angle is 20 It is preferable to set in the range of 60 °, and more preferably 30 ° to 50 °. If the inclination angle is less than 20 °, the inclined surface in the entire striking surface becomes too wide and flat as a whole, making it difficult to exert an impact force that causes it to bite into hard rock, and furthermore, a central convex portion is generated in the excavated hole If the angle of inclination exceeds 60 °, the projecting part may protrude too sharply, and the projecting part may be easily chipped at hard rock, which is also undesirable. is there.

  In each of the above-described embodiments or each modification, the projection hitting portion 655 has the projecting height 65H set to 3 cm from the flat striking portion 652, but this is not a limitation. For example, the height Preferably have a height of 2 cm to 6 cm from the flat hitting portion, more preferably 3 to 5 cm. If the protrusion height is less than 2 cm, the protrusion height from the flat hitting portion is low, so it is difficult to exert a striking force to bite into hard rock, so it is not preferable. When the hard rock is hit, the protrusion hit portion tends to be chipped, which is also undesirable.

<Casing>
(Modifications 8 and 9)
In the first and second embodiments, the spiral blade 321 and the reinforcing rib 322 are provided on the body outer surface 31 of the casing 3, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the fifth modification shown in FIG. 16C, the spiral blade 321a is provided along the longitudinal direction of the outer periphery of the body of the casing 3c, and the body of the casing 3b as the excavating device 2d of the sixth modification shown in FIG. Various deformations such as a mode in which the flat bar 325 is provided parallel to the rotational axis of the casing extending in the longitudinal direction of the outer periphery are not excluded.

  In the casing 3, the gap formed between the inner wall of the casing 3 and the drive unit 4 may be filled with particulate matter such as sand as a vibration-proof material or a soundproof material (not shown). Further, when the weight of the piston 411 of each piston member 41 constituting the drive unit 4 is set to be uneven, a counterweight may be disposed in this space (not shown) in order to prevent malfunction.

  Moreover, although the drilling apparatus 2a etc. in the above-mentioned each embodiment or each modification are the structures which the casing 3 and the air tank 7 can attach or detach, it is not limited to this, for example, a casing and an air tank can not attach or detach integrally. It does not exclude the structure which became. In this non-removable drilling device, the outer periphery may be flush and a spiral blade or flat bar may be provided extending in the long axis direction.

<Drive unit>
In the first and second embodiments, the drive unit 4 is configured by the three or four piston members 41 in the casing as described above, but the invention is not limited thereto. Preferably, one piston member is filled.

  In each embodiment or each modification described above, the drive unit 4 is an aspect (all different aspects) set so that the piston members 41 have different diameters and the weight of the piston 411 contained therein is different. For example, the piston member with the maximum impact force is applied only to the impact surface having the largest area, and for the other impact surfaces, the common piston member with lower impact force than the piston member with the maximum impact force is applied. Aspect (partly common aspect) etc. may be sufficient. In addition, the pipe diameter of a piston member is common, and it does not exclude the aspect which changes a weight (impact force) by the long and short of the built-in piston.

  Also, in the case where the drive unit is partially common, for example, when the drive unit is a four-piston assembly, an embodiment combining two sets of two piston members having different piston weights, a three-piston drive assembly In this case, a piston member with the maximum impact force may be applied to only one impact surface having the largest area, and a common piston member with a slight impact force may be applied to the other two impact surfaces. For example, the impact force can be differentiated for each digging bit, and the number of parts can be reduced (some parts can be made common) as compared to all the different aspects, and costs can be reduced during manufacturing and operation. Can.

  Furthermore, the drive unit is not limited to the above-mentioned structure, and is, for example, a piston member of one machine in which a plurality of sleeves are formed, and a plurality of the pistons are accommodated in each sleeve. There is no particular limitation as long as the pistons of the above can be individually advanced and retracted. Also in this case, as described above, the weight of each piston can be set to be different.

<Storage tank>
Although the air flow control member 73 has a wedge shape in each embodiment or each modification described above, the air flow control member 73 is not limited to this. For example, a disc-shaped plate having holes opened at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction In the structure which is rotatably mounted along the connecting surface inside the storage tank and intermittently closes the aforementioned through holes formed in the coupling body as it is rotated, each from the storage tank to the piston member The structure is not particularly limited as long as the air in the storage tank does not flow into each piston member at the same timing, such as a structure having long and short paths in the length of the path.

  In addition, a plurality of openings and flow passages formed in the connection joint of the storage tank may be formed (in the present paragraph, for convenience, these are referred to as "other flow passages"). In this case, for example, soil reinforcement A fluid such as a material can be made to flow into the other flow passage, and can be discharged from the object side of the drilling device into the drilling hole through the supply pipe passing through the storage tank.

<Rotary drive device>
The rotary drive device 8 shown in the first embodiment is a mode for applying a rotational force to the digging apparatus 2a in a state where it can be lowered by the weight of the digging apparatus 2a, but it is not limited thereto. The device may be a mode having a mechanism for pushing the attached drilling device to the side of the object to be excavated, in which case it can be suitably used particularly for a wall-like object to be excavated such as a rock wall. Moreover, although the rotational drive device 8 shown in 1st Embodiment is the aspect provided in the table form, it does not limit to this, for example, has a holding part attached to the trunk | drum of a drilling apparatus, It will not be specifically limited if it is an apparatus which can provide rotational force to an excavation device, such as a rotational drive apparatus of the aspect which gives rotational force to an excavation device via a holding part.

  The terms and expressions used in the present specification and claims are for descriptive purposes only and are not limiting in any way, and the features and characteristics described in the present specification and claims There is no intention to exclude terms or expressions that are equivalent to some. Further, it goes without saying that various modifications are possible within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. Also, the terms first, second, etc. do not mean grade or importance, but are used to distinguish one element from another.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotary type drilling machine 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d Excavator 3, 3b, 3c, 3d Casing 3R Rotational axis 3C circumferential direction 31 Body outer surface 32 Screw part 321, 321a Spiral blade 322 Reinforcing rib 324 Engagement concave 325 Flat Bar 33 storage tank side lid body 331 insertion hole 34 object side lid body 341 insertion hole 35 chuck guide 351 through hole 36 drive chuck 370 bolt 371 nut 3V virtual surface 3M casing maximum diameter 4 drive unit 41 piston member 411 piston 412 cylinder 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g drill bit group 51 second arrangement aspect 52 first arrangement aspect 6A1, 6A2, 6B1, 6B2, 6D1, 6E1, 6E2, 6F1, 6F2, 6F3, 6F4 6G1, 6G2, 6G3, 6N1 , 6P1, 6Q1, 6Q2, 6R1, 6R2, 6S1, 6T1, 6T2, 6U1, 6V1 Excavator bit 6C casing axis substantially orthogonal to rotation axis 61 connection shaft 611 opening 62 head 621 air flow 622 joint 623a, 624a first side wall surface 623b, 624b second side wall surface 623c, 624c third side wall surface 623d, 624c fourth side wall surface 623e, 624e fifth side wall surface 65, 65b, 65c, 65d, 65e, 65g, striking surface 651 chip 652 flat striking portion 653 opening 654 exhaust guide groove 66, 66b side 67, 67b, 67c, 67d, 67e, 67f corner 655 protrusion impacting portion 656 inclined surface 65A inclination angle 65H protrusion height 661 edge Part 7, 7b Reservoir 7 Axis of rotation of storage tank 70 Axis of rotation 71 Joint Joint 71R Rotor Axis of Connection Joint 711 Opening 712 Flow Path 72 Coupled Body 721 Through Hole 73 Air Flow Control Member 731 Receiving Part 732 Support Body AF Air Flow Direction 74 Attachment 740 Body Outer Surface 741 Helical Blade 742 Joint recess 743 Flat bar 74M Maximum diameter of attachment 8 Rotary drive 80 Main body 81 Rotary table 811 Insertion hole 82 Support leg 84 Suspension shaft 841 Air supply pipe H Object to be excavated H1 Excavation hole H2 Drilling hole hole H3 hole Bottom H4 Hard rock H5 Soft layer H6 Central convex H7 Central deformation L2 Diameter line 9 Drilling equipment 91 Central bit 92 Peripheral bit 93 Prototype 930 Drilling bit 931 Strike surface 933 Corner 934 Tip 9R axis of rotation

Claims (12)

A cylindrical casing rotatable in an axial direction;
A drive unit housed in the casing and capable of supplying a driving force;
The drill bit has a plurality of digging bits disposed around the rotational axis of the casing and capable of advancing and retracting along the axial direction of the casing under the driving force, and the drilling bit exerts the force upon receiving the driving force. The drilling equipment provided with the drilling bit group set to which the striking force differs for every same drilling bit, or at least 1 same drilling bit differs from other drilling bits in any aspect. The first arrangement mode in which the drilling bit group is disposed such that only one of the striking surfaces of one drilling bit in each drilling bit overlaps the rotation axis, or the striking surface of the striking surface of the drilling bit A corner is formed on the side of the rotation axis, and only the edge on the rotation axis side of a pair of the same striking surfaces disposed opposite to each other across the rotation axis overlaps the rotation axis, and The edge on the rotation axis side of each striking surface approaches in the vicinity of the same rotation axis by any one of the second arrangement modes in which the tip of the corner portion is disposed so as not to overlap with the same rotation axis. The drilling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drilling apparatus is configured to be gathered together. In the first arrangement aspect, the drive unit may be the digging bit arranged so that the striking surface overlaps with the rotation axis, or in the second arrangement aspect, the striking surface may have the rotation axis side edge It is set to apply the maximum striking force among the respective digging bits constituting the digging bit group to any one of the digging bits arranged overlapping only with the rotation axis. The drilling equipment described in. The digging according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the digging bit has a striking part to project from the striking surface formed on a part of the striking surface along the periphery of the casing. apparatus. The drive unit includes a plurality of cylinders and a piston incorporated in each cylinder and operated by a working fluid to apply an impact force to the drilling bit, wherein at least one of the pistons is the weight of the other pistons. The drilling equipment according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, which is set to be different from the above. The drilling apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a pipe diameter of a cylinder in which the largest weight is built in each of the pistons is set the largest among the respective cylinders. The drilling equipment according to claim 5, wherein the diameter of the other cylinder is set in the range of 100% to 50% of the diameter of the largest cylinder among the cylinders. The drilling equipment according to claim 5, wherein the weight of the other pistons is set in the range of 100% to 20% of the maximum weight among the respective pistons. The drilling equipment according to claim 5, comprising a storage tank connected on the opposite side to the digging bit group of the casing and capable of storing the working fluid. The drilling apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the storage tank includes a working fluid distribution unit that appropriately distributes the working fluid such that the timings of driving force supply to the digging bit by the driving unit are different. An axially rotatable cylindrical casing, a drive unit housed in the casing and capable of supplying a driving force, and being disposed around the rotational axis of the casing, receiving the driving force and receiving the same casing Impact force that the drilling bit exerts under the driving force is different for each drilling bit, or at least one same drilling bit. A drilling rig having a drilling bit group set in any aspect, wherein the drilling bit differs from the other drilling bits,
And a rotary drive device for applying a rotational force to the drilling device. A casing, a drive unit stored in the casing, and a plurality of digging bits disposed around the rotational axis of the casing and capable of receiving and receiving the driving force in the axial direction of the casing. Drilling set in any mode in which the striking force exerted by the drilling bit under the driving force is different for each drilling bit or at least one same drilling bit is different from other drilling bits A first step of assembling a rotary excavator including a drilling device having a bit group and a rotary drive capable of applying a rotational force to the drilling device, and installing the rotary drilling machine on an object to be drilled;
The excavating object is moved by advancing and retracting the excavating bit of the excavating apparatus while rotating the excavating apparatus by the rotary drive installed in the first step, and striking the excavated object by the striking surface. A drilling method comprising the second step of drilling.

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