JP2019050182A - 硫化物固体電解質材料及びそれを用いた電池 - Google Patents
硫化物固体電解質材料及びそれを用いた電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019050182A JP2019050182A JP2018130161A JP2018130161A JP2019050182A JP 2019050182 A JP2019050182 A JP 2019050182A JP 2018130161 A JP2018130161 A JP 2018130161A JP 2018130161 A JP2018130161 A JP 2018130161A JP 2019050182 A JP2019050182 A JP 2019050182A
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- Prior art keywords
- sulfide
- solid electrolyte
- electrolyte material
- sulfide solid
- layer
- Prior art date
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
Description
一般的な硫化物固体電解質材料には、水分に接触すると有害な硫化水素ガスが発生するという課題がある。特許文献1は、立方晶系Argyrodite型結晶構造を有する硫化物固体電解質材料の構成元素及び組成を適切に調整することによって、硫化水素の発生量が少ない硫化物固体電解質材料を提供できることを開示している。特許文献2に開示された硫化物固体電解質粒子によれば、酸化物活物質と硫化物固体電解質材料との反応によって生じる高抵抗層の生成を抑制できることが開示されている。ただし、硫化物固体電解質材料の酸化物層の有無と硫化水素の発生量との関係は明らかにされていない。
硫化物材料を含む硫化物層と、
前記硫化物材料の酸化物を含む酸化物層と、
を備え、
前記酸化物層は、前記硫化物層の表面上に位置し、
前記硫化物材料は、Li、P、S及びハロゲン元素Xを構成元素として含み、
31P−NMR測定によって得られたスペクトルにおいて、88ppm付近のピーク成分を第1ピーク成分と定義し、前記第1ピーク成分のピーク強度をZaと定義し、84ppm付近のピーク成分を第2ピーク成分と定義し、前記第2ピーク成分のピーク強度をZbと定義したとき、Za/Zb≦0.42を満たす。
正極と、
負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に配置された電解質層と、
を備え、
前記正極、前記負極及び前記電解質層からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つは、第1〜第4態様のいずれか1つに係る硫化物固体電解質材料を含む。
図1に示すように、本実施形態の硫化物固体電解質材料10は、酸化物層11及び硫化物層12を備えている。硫化物層12は、硫化物材料を含む層である。酸化物層11は、硫化物層12に含まれた硫化物材料の酸化物を含む層である。酸化物層11は、硫化物層12の表面上に位置している。本実施形態では、硫化物固体電解質材料10は、コアシェル構造を有する。硫化物層12がコアであり、酸化物層11がシェルである。以下、「硫化物固体電解質材料10」を「電解質材料10」と略記することがある。
以下の実施形態2において、実施形態1と重複する説明は適宜省略される。実施形態2にかかる電池には、実施形態1で説明した硫化物固体電解質材料が使用されている。
露点−60℃以下のAr雰囲気のアルゴングローブボックス内において、モル比でLi2S:P2S5:LiI=60:20:20となるように、Li2S粉末、P2S5粉末及びLiI粉末を秤量した。これらを乳鉢に入れて粉砕及び混合した。遊星型ボールミルを用い、510rpmの回転数で10時間にわたって混合物をミリング処理し、ガラス状の固体電解質を得た。ガラス状の固体電解質を不活性雰囲気下、230℃、2時間の条件で熱処理した。これにより、比較例1のガラスセラミックス状の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。
熱処理温度を280℃に変更したことを除き、比較例1と同じ方法によって比較例2のガラスセラミック状の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。
露点−60℃以下のAr雰囲気のアルゴングローブボックス内において、モル比でLi2S:P2S5=75:25となるように、Li2S粉末とP2S5粉末とを秤量した。これらを乳鉢に入れて粉砕及び混合した。遊星型ボールミルを用い、510rpmの回転数で10時間にわたって混合物をミリング処理し、ガラス状の固体電解質を得た。ガラス状の固体電解質を不活性雰囲気下、270℃、2時間の条件で熱処理した。これにより、比較例3のガラスセラミックス状の硫化物固体電解質材料であるLi2S−P2S5粉末を得た。
露点−60℃以下のAr雰囲気のアルゴングローブボックス内において、比較例1で作製したガラスセラミックス状の硫化物固体電解質材料(Li2S−P2S5−LiI、Li2S:P2S5:LiI=60:20:20)を500mg秤量し、密閉容器に封入した。密閉容器の内部を排気した後、17.5ccの酸素ガスを密閉容器に導入した。その後、密閉容器を電気炉内に配置し、230℃、450秒の条件で硫化物固体電解質材料を熱処理した。これにより、比較例4の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。比較例4の硫化物固体電解質材料は、酸化物層を有する。
露点−60℃以下のAr雰囲気のアルゴングローブボックス内において、比較例3で作製したガラスセラミックス状の硫化物固体電解質材料(Li2S−P2S5、Li2S:P2S5=75:25)を500mg秤量し、密閉容器に封入した。密閉容器の内部を排気した後、28.0ccの酸素ガスを密閉容器に導入した。その後、密閉容器を電気炉内に配置し、300℃、2400秒の条件で硫化物固体電解質材料を熱処理した。これにより、比較例5の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。比較例5の硫化物固体電解質材料は、酸化物層を有する。
露点−60℃以下のAr雰囲気のアルゴングローブボックス内において、比較例1で作製したガラスセラミックス状の硫化物固体電解質材料(Li2S−P2S5−LiI、Li2S:P2S5:LiI=60:20:20)を500mg秤量し、密閉容器に封入した。密閉容器の内部を排気した後、17.5ccの酸素ガスを密閉容器に導入した。その後、密閉容器を電気炉内に配置し、210℃、5000秒の条件で硫化物固体電解質材料を熱処理した。これにより、実施例1の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。実施例1の硫化物固体電解質材料は、酸化物層を有する。
実施例1、比較例1、比較例2及び比較例4の硫化物固体電解質材料を用いて、以下の条件で31P−NMR測定を実施した。0ppmの化学シフトを示す基準物質としてりん酸アンモニウムを採用した。
試料回転数:20kHz
測定積算回数:32回
緩和時間:30秒
実施例1及び比較例1〜5の硫化物固体電解質材料のイオン導電率を下記の方法で測定した。
実施例1及び比較例1〜5の硫化物固体電解質材料の硫化水素の発生量を下記の方法で測定した。
実施例1の硫化物固体電解質材料のXPS測定を以下の条件で実施した。C60クラスターイオンによる硫化物固体電解質材料のスパッタリングとXPS測定とを繰り返し実施した。つまり、XPS深さ分析を以下の条件で実施した。得られた4つのスペクトルにおけるピーク面積強度を算出した。酸素(O)、リチウム(Li)、りん(P)及び硫黄(S)の各ピーク面積強度の総和に対する、酸素(O)のピーク面積強度から、硫化物固体電解質材料の酸素含有量(atom%)を算出した。
X線源:単色化AlKα線(1486.6eV)
測定スペクトル:O1s、Li1s、P2p、S2p
スパッタリング条件:C60+、10.0kV
スパッタリング速度:約2nm/min(SiO2換算)
11 酸化物層
12 硫化物層
20 電池
21 正極
22 電解質層
23 負極
24 正極活物質粒子
25 負極活物質粒子
26 第1電解質層
27 第2電解質層
28 電解質層
Claims (7)
- リチウム、りん、ハロゲン、及び、硫黄を含有する硫化物を含む硫化物層と、
前記硫化物層の上に配置され、リチウム、りん、ハロゲン、及び、酸素を含有する酸化物を含む酸化物層とを備える硫化物固体電解質材料であって、
前記硫化物固体電解質材料の31P−NMRスペクトルにおいて、化学シフトが87.6ppm以上88.4ppm以下の範囲内に定義される第1ピーク成分の強度が、前記化学シフトが83.6ppm以上84.4ppm以下の範囲内に定義される第2ピーク成分の強度の、0.42倍以下である、
硫化物固体電解質材料。 - 前記酸化物の構造は、前記硫化物内の前記硫黄が少なくとも部分的に前記酸素に置換された構造を有する、
請求項1に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。 - 前記酸化物は、前記硫化物を構成する全ての元素と、前記酸素とからなる、
請求項1または2に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。 - 前記ハロゲンは、ヨウ素である、
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。 - 前記硫化物は、Li2S−P2S5−LiX(ここで、Xは前記ハロゲン)を含有する、
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。 - 前記Xは、Iである、
請求項5に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。 - 正極と、
負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に配置された電解質層と、
を備え、
前記正極、前記負極、及び前記電解質層からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つは、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料を含有する、
電池。
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