JP2018521986A - 三環式化合物およびホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤としてのそれらの使用 - Google Patents
三環式化合物およびホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤としてのそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018521986A JP2018521986A JP2017564677A JP2017564677A JP2018521986A JP 2018521986 A JP2018521986 A JP 2018521986A JP 2017564677 A JP2017564677 A JP 2017564677A JP 2017564677 A JP2017564677 A JP 2017564677A JP 2018521986 A JP2018521986 A JP 2018521986A
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- 229940013007 vyvanse Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005080 warfarin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N warfarin Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940009065 wellbutrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003871 white petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004664 xaliproden Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WJJYZXPHLSLMGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N xaliproden Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C=2CCN(CCC=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)CC=2)=C1 WJJYZXPHLSLMGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylazine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1NC1=NCCCS1 BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001600 xylazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001095 xylometazoline hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000317 yohimbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-SCYLSFHTSA-N yohimbine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCN3C[C@@H]4CC[C@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H]4C[C@H]33)C(=O)OC)=C3NC2=C1 BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-SCYLSFHTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AADVZSXPNRLYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N yohimbine carboxylic acid Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CCN3CC4CCC(C(C4CC33)C(O)=O)O)=C3NC2=C1 AADVZSXPNRLYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940000119 zanaflex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940087514 zaroxolyn Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940068543 zelapar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002811 ziconotide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BPKIMPVREBSLAJ-QTBYCLKRSA-N ziconotide Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC2)C(N)=O)=O)CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CSSC3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N1)=O)CCSC)[C@@H](C)O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BPKIMPVREBSLAJ-QTBYCLKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002791 zimeldine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000607 ziprasidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAIDUHCBNLFXEF-MNEFBYGVSA-N zofenopril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](C[C@@H](C1)SC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)SC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IAIDUHCBNLFXEF-MNEFBYGVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002769 zofenopril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940020965 zoloft Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940083488 zonalon Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940061740 zyvox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XZVHHLNLLVICFA-SNVBAGLBSA-N α-difluoromethyl-dopa Chemical compound FC(F)[C@](C(O)=O)(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 XZVHHLNLLVICFA-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D471/14—Ortho-condensed systems
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/4985—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
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- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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- C07D471/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed systems contains four or more hetero rings
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- C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D491/14—Ortho-condensed systems
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Abstract
Description
環Aは、縮合(4〜8員)酸素含有ヘテロシクロアルキル環、縮合フェニル環または縮合(5〜8員)窒素含有ヘテロアリール環であり、化学的に容認できる場合、縮合(4〜8員)酸素含有ヘテロシクロアルキル環、縮合フェニル環および縮合(5〜8員)窒素含有ヘテロアリール環は、1から6個のR8で置換されていてもよく、
R1は、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(4〜10員)−ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C6〜C10)アリールおよび(5〜14員)ヘテロアリールからなる群から選択され、化学的に容認できる場合、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(4〜10員)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C6〜C10)アリールおよび(5〜14員)ヘテロアリール部分は、1から6個のR9で置換されていてもよく、
R2は、水素、(C1〜C6)アルキル、(C2〜C6)アルケニル、(C2〜C6)アルキニル、(C1〜C15)アルキル−OR5、−C(=O)−R5、−C(=O)−OR5、−C(=O)−N(R5)(R6)、−(SO2)R5、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(4〜10員)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C6〜C10)アリールおよび(5〜14員)ヘテロアリールからなる群から選択され、化学的に容認できる場合、(C1〜C6)アルキル、(C2〜C6)アルケニル、(C2〜C6)アルキニル、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(4〜10員)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C6〜C10)アリールおよび(5〜14員)ヘテロアリールは、1から6個のR8で置換されていてもよく、
R3aは、化学的に容認できる場合、水素、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、−N(R5)(R6)、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルチオ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキル、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシおよび置換されていてもよい(C3〜C8)シクロアルキルからなる群から選択されるか、または
R2およびR3aは、それらが結合した窒素および炭素原子と一緒になって、(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキル環を形成し、化学的に容認できる場合、(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキル環は、1から6個のR8で置換されていてもよく、
存在する場合、R3bは、水素、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、N(R5)(R6)、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルチオ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキル、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシおよび置換されていてもよい(C3〜C8)シクロアルキルからなる群から選択されるか、または
R3aおよびR3bは、それらが結合した炭素原子と一緒になって、(C3〜C6)シクロアルキルもしくは(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキルを形成し、化学的に容認できる場合、(C3〜C6)シクロアルキルもしくは(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキルは、化学的に容認できる場合、1から6個のR8で置換されていてもよく、
R4aは、化学的に容認できる場合、水素、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、N(R5)(R6)、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルチオ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルおよび置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシからなる群から選択され、
存在する場合、R4bは、水素、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、N(R5)(R6)、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルチオ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルおよび置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシからなる群から選択されるか、または
R4aおよびR4bは、それらが結合した炭素原子と一緒になって、(C3〜C6)シクロアルキルもしくは(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキルを形成し、化学的に容認できる場合、(C3〜C6)シクロアルキルもしくは(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキルは、1から6個のR8で置換されていてもよく、
R5およびR6は、各出現において、水素および(C1〜C6)アルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択され、
R7は、(C1〜C6)アルキルであり、
存在する場合、R8は、各出現において、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、N(R5)(R6)、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルチオ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルおよび置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシからなる群から独立して選択され、
存在する場合、R9は、各出現において、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキル、置換されていてもよい(C2〜C6)アルケニル、置換されていてもよい(C2〜C6)アルキニル、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルチオ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシ、−N(R5)(R6)、−N(R5)(C(O)R6)、−C(=O)、−C(=O)−R5、−C(=O)−OR5、−(SO2)R7および−S(=O2)N(R5)(R6)からなる群から独立して選択され、
−−−−−−−は、存在しないか(単結合を形成する)または結合(二重結合を形成する)であり、
nは、0または1から選択される整数であり、但し、−−−−−−が存在して二重結合を形成する場合、nは0であり、−−−−−−が存在しないで単結合を形成する場合、nは1である]
を対象とする。
特許請求の範囲を包含する本願全体を通して使用される場合、下記の用語は、具体的に別段の指示がない限り、以下で定義する意味を有する。複数形および単数形は、数の指示以外、交換可能なものとして扱われるべきである:
上述した通りの式Iの化合物は、Aによって表される環部分と縮合しているピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジノンコアを有する。上述した通り、Aは、それが結合した炭素原子とともに、縮合(4〜8員)酸素含有ヘテロシクロアルキル環、縮合フェニル環または縮合(5〜8員)窒素含有ヘテロアリール環を形成することができる(すなわち、環Aの(4〜8員)酸素含有ヘテロシクロアルキル、フェニルまたはヘテロアリールは、ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジノンコアのピロール環と縮合しており、故に、縮合(4〜8員)酸素含有ヘテロシクロアルキル、縮合フェニルおよび縮合ヘテロアリールと称される)。
PDE4ファミリーのホスホジエステラーゼ(PDE)は、第二のメッセンジャー環状ヌクレオチド、アデノシン3’,5’−環状一リン酸(cAMP)の選択的高親和性加水分解を特徴とする。PDE4A、PDE4BおよびPDE4Dサブタイプは、脳の全体にわたって広く発現され、PDE4A、PDE4BおよびPDE4Dサブタイプの局部的な細胞内分布が明確であることが公知であるのに対し、PDE4Cサブタイプは、中枢神経系の全体にわたってより低レベルで発現される(Siuciak,J.A.ら、Antipsychotic profile of rolipram:efficacy in rats and reduced sensitivity in mice deficient in the phosphodiesterase−4B(PDE4B)enzyme、Psychopharmacology(2007)192:415〜424を参照)。PDE4サブタイプの位置により、PDE4サブタイプは、中枢神経系疾患および障害のための新たな治療を探索するための興味深い標的となる。例えば、PDE4Bは、統合失調症の遺伝的感受性因子として同定されている(Millar,J.K.ら、Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 and phosphodiesterase 4B:towards an understanding of psychiatric illness、J.Physiol.584(2007)401〜405頁を参照)。
本発明の化合物は、経口的に投与され得る。経口投与には、化合物が胃腸管に入るような嚥下が関与し得、または化合物が口から血流に直接入る口腔もしくは舌下投与を用いてもよい。
(i)ドネペジル塩酸塩(ARICEPT、MEMAC)、サリチル酸フィゾスチグミン(ANTILIRIUM)、硫酸フィゾスチグミン(ESERINE)、メトリホネート、ネオスチグミン、ガンスチグミン、ピリドスチグミン(MESTINON)、アンベノニウム(MYTELASE)、デメカリウム、デビオ9902(ZT−1としても公知である;Debiopharm)、リバスチグミン(EXELON)、ラドスチギル、NP−0361、ガランタミン臭化水素酸塩(RAZADYNE、RIMINYL、NIVALIN)、タクリン(COGNEX)、トルセリン、マレイン酸ベルナクリン、メモキン、ヒューペルジンA(HUP−A;NeuroHitech)、フェンセリン、エドロホニウム(ENLON、TENSILON)およびINM−176等の、アセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤;
(ii)汎HLA DR結合エピトープとコンジュゲートしているAβ1〜15(PADRE)、ACC−001(Elan/Wyeth)、ACI−01、ACI−24、AN−1792、Affitope AD−01、CAD106、およびV−950等の、アミロイド−β(または、そのフラグメント);
(iii)ポネズマブ、ソラネズマブ、バピネオズマブ(AAB−001としても公知である)、AAB−002(Wyeth/Elan)、ACI−01−Ab7、BAN−2401、静脈内Ig(GAMMAGARD)、LY2062430(ヒト化m266;Lilly)、R1450(Roche)、ACU−5A5、huC091、および国際特許公開第WO04/032868号、同第WO05/025616号、同第WO06/036291号、同第WO06/069081号、同第WO06/118959号に、米国特許公開第US2003/0073655号、同第US2004/0192898号、同第US2005/0048049号、同第US2005/0019328号に、欧州特許公開第EP0994728号および同第1257584号に、ならびに米国特許第5,750,349号に開示されているもの等の、アミロイド−βに対する抗体(または、それらのフラグメント);
(iv)ディメボン、ダブネチド、エプロジセート、ロイプロリド、SK−PC−B70M、セレコキシブ、ロバスタチン、アナプソス、オキシラセタム、プラミラセタム、バレニクリン、ニセルゴリン、コロストリニン、ビスノルシムセリン(BNCとしても公知である)、NIC5−15(Humanetics)、E−2012(エーザイ株式会社)、ピオグリタゾン、クリオキノール(PBT1としても公知である)、PBT2(Prana Biotechnology)、フルルビプロフェン(ANSAID、FROBEN)およびそのR−エナンチオマータレンフルビル(FLURIZAN)、ニトロフルルビプロフェン、フェノプロフェン(FENOPRON、NALFON)、イブプロフェン(ADVIL、MOTRIN、NUROFEN)、イブプロフェンリシネート、メクロフェナム酸、メクロフェナム酸ナトリウム(MECLOMEN)、インドメタシン(INDOCIN)、ジクロフェナクナトリウム(VOLTAREN)、ジクロフェナクカリウム、スリンダク(CLINORIL)、スリンダク硫化物、ジフルニサル(DOLOBID)、ナプロキセン(NAPROSYN)、ナプロキセンナトリウム(ANAPROX、ALEVE)、ARC031(Archer Pharmaceuticals)、CAD−106(Cytos)、LY450139(Lilly)、インスリン分解酵素(インスリシンとしても公知である)、イチョウ(gingko biloba)抽出物EGb−761(ROKAN、TEBONIN)、トラミプロセート(CEREBRIL、ALZHEMED)、エプロジセート(FIBRILLEX、KIACTA)、化合物W(3,5−ビス(4−ニトロフェノキシ)安息香酸)、NGX−96992、ネプリライシン(中性エンドペプチダーゼ(NEP)としても公知である)、シロイノシトール(シリトールとしても公知である)、アトルバスタチン(LIPITOR)、シンバスタチン(ZOCOR)、KLVFF−(EEX)3、SKF−74652、メシル酸イブタモレン、ASP−1702、SCH−745966、JNJ−715754、AMG−0683、AZ−12304146、BMS−782450、GSK−188909、NB−533、E2609およびTTP−854等のBACE阻害剤;ELND−007等のガンマセクレターゼモジュレーター;ならびに、TTP488(Transtech)およびTTP4000(Transtech)、およびPTI−777を包含する米国特許第7,285,293号において記述されているもの等のRAGE(糖化最終産物の受容体)阻害剤等の、アミロイド低下または阻害剤(アミロイド産生、蓄積および線維化を低減させるものを包含する);
(v)グアンファシン(INTUNIV、TENEX)、クロニジン(CATAPRES)、メタラミノール(ARAMINE)、メチルドパ(ALDOMET、DOPAMET、NOVOMEDOPA)、チザニジン(ZANAFLEX)、フェニレフリン(ネオシネフリンとしても公知である)、メトキサミン、シラゾリン、グアンファシン(INTUNIV)、ロフェキシジン、キシラジン、モダフィニル(PROVIGIL)、アドラフィニルおよびアルモダフィニル(NUVIGIL)等の、アルファ−アドレナリン受容体アゴニスト;
(vi)カルテオロール、エスモロール(BREVIBLOC)、ラベタロール(NORMODYNE、TRANDATE)、オクスプレノロール(LARACOR、TRASACOR)、ピンドロール(VISKEN)、プロプラノロール(propanolol)(INDERAL)、ソタロール(BETAPACE、SOTALEX、SOTACOR)、チモロール(BLOCADREN、TIMOPTIC)、アセブトロール(SECTRAL、PRENT)、ナドロール(CORGARD)、酒石酸メトプロロール(LOPRESSOR)、コハク酸メトプロロール(TOPROL−XL)、アテノロール(TENORMIN)、ブトキサミンおよびSR59230A(Sanofi)等の、ベータ−アドレナリン受容体遮断剤(ベータ遮断薬);
(vii)アミトリプチリン(ELAVIL、ENDEP)、ブトリプチリン、メシル酸ベンズトロピン(COGENTIN)、トリヘキシフェニジル(ARTANE)、ジフェンヒドラミン(BENADRYL)、オルフェナドリン(NORFLEX)、ヒヨスチアミン、アトロピン(ATROPEN)、スコポラミン(TRANSDERM−SCOP)、臭化メチルスコポラミン(PARMINE)、ジシクロベリン(BENTYL、BYCLOMINE、DIBENT、DILOMINE)、トルテロジン(DETROL)、オキシブチニン(DITROPAN、LYRINEL XL、OXYTROL)、臭化ペンチエネート、プロパンテリン(PRO−BANTHINE)、シクリジン、イミプラミン塩酸塩(TOFRANIL)、イミプラミンマレイン酸塩(SURMONTIL)、ロフェプラミン、デシプラミン(NORPRAMIN)、ドキセピン(SINEQUAN、ZONALON)、トリミプラミン(SURMONTIL)およびグリコピロレート(ROBINUL)等の、抗コリン薬;
(viii)カルバマゼピン(TEGRETOL、CARBATROL)、オクスカルバゼピン(TRILEPTAL)、フェニトインナトリウム(PHENYTEK)、フォスフェニトイン(CEREBYX、PRODILANTIN)、バルプロ酸ナトリウム(DEPAKOTE)、ガバペンチン(NEURONTIN)、プレガバリン(LYRICA)、トピラメート(topirimate)(TOPAMAX)、バルプロ酸(DEPAKENE)、バルプロ酸ナトリウム(DEPACON)、1−ベンジル−5−ブロモウラシル、プロガビド、ベクラミド、ゾニサミド(TRERIEF、EXCEGRAN)、CP−465022、レチガビン、タランパネルおよびプリミドン(MYSOLINE)等の、抗けいれん薬;
(ix)ルラシドン(LATUDA、SM−13496としても公知である;大日本住友製薬株式会社)、アリピプラゾール(ABILIFY)、クロルプロマジン(THORAZINE)、ハロペリドール(HALDOL)、イロペリドン(FANAPTA)、デカン酸フルペンチキソール(DEPIXOL、FLUANXOL)、レセルピン(SERPLAN)、ピモジド(ORAP)、デカン酸フルフェナジン、塩酸フルフェナジン、プロクロルペラジン(COMPRO)、アセナピン(SAPHRIS)、ロキサピン(LOXITANE)、モリンドン(MOBAN)、パーフェナジン、チオリダジン、チオチキセン、トリフルオロペラジン(STELAZINE)、ラメルテオン、クロザピン(CLOZARIL)、ノルクロザピン(ACP−104)、リスペリドン(RISPERDAL)、パリペリドン(INVEGA)、メルペロン、オランザピン(ZYPREXA)、クエチアピン(SEROQUEL)、タルネタント、アミスルピリド、ジプラシドン(GEODON)、ブロナンセリン(LONASEN)およびACP−103(Acadia Pharmaceuticals)等の、抗精神病薬;
(x)ロメリジン、ジコノチド、ニルバジピン(ESCOR、NIVADIL)、ジペルジピン、アムロジピン(NORVASC、ISTIN、AMLODIN)、フェロジピン(PLENDIL)、ニカルジピン(CARDENE)、ニフェジピン(ADALAT、PROCARDIA)、MEM1003およびその親化合物ニモジピン(NIMOTOP)、ニソルジピン(SULAR)、ニトレンジピン、ラシジピン(LACIPIL、MOTENS)、レルカニジピン(ZANIDIP)、リファリジン、ジルチアゼム(CARDIZEM)、ベラパミル(CALAN、VERELAN)、AR−R18565(AstraZeneca)ならびにエネカジン等の、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬;
(xi)ニテカポン、トルカポン(TASMAR)、エンタカポン(COMTAN)およびトロポロン等の、カテコールO−メチルトランスフェラーゼ(COMT)阻害剤;
(xii)アトモキセチン、レボキセチン、ヨヒンビン、カフェイン、フェンメトラジン、フェンジメトラジン、ペモリン、フェンカムファミン(GLUCOENERGAN、REACTIVAN)、フェネチリン(CAPTAGON)、ピプラドロール(MERETRAN)、デアノール(ジメチルアミノエタノールとしても公知である)、メチルフェニデート(DAYTRANA)、塩酸メチルフェニデート(RITALIN)、デクスメチルフェニデート(FOCALIN)、アンフェタミン(単独で、または他のCNS刺激物質、例えば、ADDERALL(アスパラギン酸アンフェタミン、硫酸アンフェタミン、デキストロアンフェタミンサッカレートおよび硫酸デキストロアンフェタミン)と組み合わせて)、硫酸デキストロアンフェタミン(DEXEDRINE、DEXTROSTAT)、メタンフェタミン(DESOXYN)、リスデキサンフェタミン(VYVANSE)およびベンズフェタミン(DIDREX)等の、中枢神経系刺激物質;
(xiii)プレドニゾン(STERAPRED、DELTASONE)、プレドニゾロン(PRELONE)、酢酸プレドニゾロン(predisolone)(OMNIPRED、PRED MILD、PRED FORTE)、プレドニゾロンリン酸ナトリウム(sodum)(ORAPRED ODT)、メチルプレドニゾロン(MEDROL);酢酸メチルプレドニゾロン(DEPO−MEDROL)およびコハク酸メチルプレドニゾロンナトリウム(A−METHAPRED、SOLU−MEDROL)等の、コルチコステロイド;
(xiv)アポモルヒネ(APOKYN)、ブロモクリプチン(PARLODEL)、カベルゴリン(DOSTINEX)、ジヒドレキシジン、ジヒドロエルゴクリプチン、フェノルドパム(CORLOPAM)、リスリド(DOPERGIN)、テルグリド、ペルゴリド(spergolide)(PERMAX)、ピリベジル(TRIVASTAL、TRASTAL)、プラミペキソール(MIRAPEX)、キンピロール、ロピニロール(REQUIP)、ロチゴチン(NEUPRO)、SKF−82958(GlaxoSmithKline)、カリプラジン、パルドプルノックスおよびサリゾタン等の、ドーパミン受容体アゴニスト;
(xv)クロルプロマジン、フルフェナジン、ハロペリドール、ロキサピン(loxzpine)、リスペリドン(resperidone)、チオリダジン、チオチキセン、フルオロペラジン、テトラベナジン(NITOMAN、XENAZINE)、7−ヒドロキシアモキサピン、ドロペリドール(INAPSINE、DRIDOL、DROPLETAN)、ドンペリドン(MOTILIUM)、L−741742、L−745870、ラクロプリド、SB−277011A、SCH−23390、エコピパム、SKF−83566およびメトクロプラミド(REGLAN)等の、ドーパミン受容体アンタゴニスト;
(xvi)ブプロピオン、サフィナミド、マレイン酸ノミフェンシン(MERITAL)、バノキセリン(GBR−12909としても公知である)およびそのデカン酸エステルDBL−583ならびにアミネプチン等の、ドーパミン再取り込み阻害剤;
(xvii)バクロフェン(LIORESAL、KEMSTRO)、サクロフェン(siclofen)、ペントバルビタール(NEMBUTAL)、プロガビド(GABRENE)およびクロメチアゾール等の、ガンマ−アミノ−酪酸(GABA)受容体アゴニスト;
(xviii)シプロキシファン、チプロリサント(tiprolisant)、S−38093、イルダビサント、ピトリサント、GSK−239512、GSK−207040、JNJ−5207852、JNJ−17216498、HPP−404、SAR−110894、trans−3−フルオロ−3−(3−フルオロ−4−ピロリジン−1−イルメチル−フェニル)−シクロブタンカルボン酸エチルアミド(PF−3654746、ならびに、米国特許公開第US2005−0043354号、同第US2005−0267095号、同第US2005−0256135号、同第US2008−0096955号、同第US2007−1079175号および同第US2008−0176925号;国際特許公開第WO2006/136924号、同第WO2007/063385号、同第WO2007/069053号、同第WO2007/088450号、同第WO2007/099423号、同第WO2007/105053号、同第WO2007/138431号および同第WO2007/088462号;ならびに米国特許第7,115,600号において開示されているもの)等の、ヒスタミン3(H3)アンタゴニスト;
(xix)酢酸グラチラマー(コポリマー−1としても公知である;COPAXONE)、MBP−8298(合成ミエリン塩基性タンパク質ペプチド)、フマル酸ジメチル、フィンゴリモド(FTY720としても公知である)、ロキニメクス(LINOMIDE)、ラキニモド(ABR−215062およびSAIK−MSとしても公知である)、ABT−874(ヒト抗−IL−12抗体;Abbott)、リツキシマブ(RITUXAN)、レフルノミド、シクレソニド、アレムツズマブ(CAMPATH)、ダクリズマブ(ZENAPAX)およびナタリズマブ(TYSABRI)等の、免疫モジュレーター;
(xx)メトトレキサート(TREXALL、RHEUMATREX)、ミトキサントロン(NOVANTRONE)、テリフルノミド、トシル酸スプラタスト、ミコフェノール酸モフェチル(CELLCEPT)、ミコフェノール酸ナトリウム(MYFORTIC)、アザチオプリン(AZASAN、IMURAN)、メルカプトプリン(PURI−NETHOL)、シクロホスファミド(NEOSAR、CYTOXAN)、ボクロスポリン、PUR−118、AMG357、AMG811、BCT197、クロラムブシル(LEUKERAN)、クラドリビン(LEUSTATIN、MYLINAX)、アルファ−フェトプロテイン、エタネルセプト(ENBREL)、レフルノミド、シクレソニドクロロキン、ヒドロキシクロロキン、d−ペニシラミン、オーラノフィン、スルファサラジン、アウロチオりんご酸ナトリウム、シクロスポリン、クロモリン、インフリキシマブ、アダリムマブ、セルトリズマブペゴル、ゴリムマブ、リツキシマブ、オクレリズマブ、オファツムマブおよび4−ベンジルオキシ−5−((5−ウンデシル−2H−ピロール−2−イリデン)メチル)−2,2’−ビ−1H−ピロール(PNU−156804としても公知である)等の、免疫抑制薬;
(xxi)インターフェロンベータ−1a(AVONEX、REBIF)およびインターフェロンベータ−1b(BETASERON、BETAFERON)を包含する、インターフェロン;
(xxii)単独であるか、またはDOPAデカルボキシラーゼ阻害剤(例えば、カルビドパ(SINEMET、CARBILEV、PARCOPA)、ベンセラジド(MADOPAR)、α−メチルドパ、モノフルオロメチルドパ(monofluromethyldopa)、ジフルオロメチルドパ、ブロクレシンまたはm−ヒドロキシベンジルヒドラジン)と組み合わせた、レボドパ(または、そのメチルもしくはエチルエステル);
(xxiii)メマンチン(NAMENDA、AXURA、EBIXA)、アマンタジン(SYMMETREL)、アカンプロセート(CAMPRAL)、ベソンプロジル、ケタミン(KETALAR)、デルセミン、デキサナビノール、デキセファロキサン、デキストロメトルファン、デキストロルファン、トラキソプロジル、CP−283097、ヒマンタン(himantane)、インダンタドール(idantadol)、イペノキサゾン、L−701252(Merck)、ランシセミン(lancicemine)、レボルファノール(DROMORAN)、LY−233536およびLY−235959(いずれもLilly)、メタドン、(DOLOPHINE)、ネラメキサン、ペルジンホテル、フェンシクリジン、チアネプチン(STABLON)、ジゾシルピン(MK−801としても公知である)、EAB−318(Wyeth)、イボガイン、ボアカンギン、チレタミン、リルゾール(RILUTEK)、アプチガネル(CERES0TAT)、ガベスチネルならびにレマセミド(remacimide)等の、N−メチル−D−アスパラギン酸(NMDA)受容体アンタゴニスト;
(xxiv)セレギリン(EMSAM)、塩酸セレギリン(l−デプレニール、ELDEPRYL、ZELAPAR)、ジメチルセレギリン(dimethylselegilene)、ブロファロミン、フェネルジン(NARDIL)、トラニルシプロミン(PARNATE)、モクロベミド(AURORIX、MANERIX)、ベフロキサトン、サフィナミド、イソカルボキサジド(MARPLAN)、ニアラミド(NIAMID)、ラサギリン(AZILECT)、イプロニアジド(MARSILID、IPROZID、IPRONID)、CHF−3381(Chiesi Farmaceutici)、イプロクロジド、トロキサトン(HUMORYL、PERENUM)、ビフェメラン、デソキシペガニン(desoxypeganine)、ハルミン(テレパシンまたはバナステリン(banasterine)としても公知である)、ハルマリン、リネゾリド(ZYVOX、ZYVOXID)およびパージリン(EUDATIN、SUPIRDYL)等の、モノアミンオキシダーゼ(MAO)阻害剤;
(xxv)セビメリン、レベチラセタム、塩化ベタネコール(DUVOID、URECHOLINE)、イタメリン、ピロカルピン(SALAGEN)、NGX267、アレコリン、L−687306(Merck)、L−689660(Merck)、ヨウ化フルトレトニウム(FURAMON、FURANOL)、ベンゼンスルホン酸フルトレトニウム、p−トルエンスルホン酸フルトレトニウム、McN−A−343、オキソトレモリン、サブコメリン、AC−90222(Acadia Pharmaceuticals)およびカルバコール(CARBASTAT、MIOSTAT、CARBOPTIC)等の、ムスカリン様受容体(特に、M1サブタイプ)アゴニスト;
(xxvi)ボスチニブ、コンドリアーゼ、アリモクロモル(airmoclomol)、ラモトリジン、ペランパネル、アニラセタム、ミナプリム(minaprime)、ビルゾール(viluzole)2,3,4,9−テトラヒドロ−1H−カルバゾール−3−オンオキシム、デスモテプラーゼ、アナチバント、アスタキサンチン、ニューロペプチドNAP(例えば、AL−108およびAL−208;いずれもAllon Therapeutics)、ニューロストロール(neurostrol)、ペランパネル(perampenel)、イスプロニクリン、ビス(4−β−D−グルコピラノシルオキシベンジル)−2−β−D−グルコピラノシル−2−イソブチルタルトレート(ダクチロリン(dactylorhin)BまたはDHBとしても公知である)、ホルモバクチン、キサリプロデン(XAPRILA)、ラクタシスチン、ジメボリン塩酸塩(dimeboline hydrochloride)(DIMEBON)、ジスフェントン(CEROVIVE)、アルンジン酸(ONO−2506、PROGLIA、CEREACT)、シチコリン(シチジン5’−ジホスホコリンとしても公知である)、エダラボン(RADICUT)、AEOL−10113およびAEOL−10150(いずれもAeolus Pharmaceuticals)、AGY−94806(SA−450およびMsc−1としても公知である)、顆粒球コロニー刺激因子(AX−200としても公知である)、BAY−38−7271(KN−387271としても公知である;Bayer AG)、アンクロド(VIPRINEX、ARWIN)、DP−b99(D−Pharm Ltd)、HF−0220(17−β−ヒドロキシエピアンドロステロン;Newron Pharmaceuticals)、HF−0420(オリゴトロピン(oligotropin)としても公知である)、ピリドキサール5’−リン酸(MC−1としても公知である)、マイクロプラスミン、S−18986、ピクロゾタン、NP031112、タクロリムス、L−セリル−L−メチオニル−L−アラニル−L−リシル−L−グルタミル−グリシル−L−バリン、AC−184897(Acadia Pharmaceuticals)、ADNF−14(National Institutes of Health)、スチルバズレニルトロン、SUN−N8075(第一サントリー生物医学研究所)ならびにゾナンパネル等の、神経保護薬;
(xxvii)エピバチジン、ブプロピオン、CP−601927、バレニクリン、ABT−089(Abbott)、ABT−594、AZD−0328(AstraZeneca)、EVP−6124、R3487(MEM3454としても公知である;Roche/Memory Pharmaceuticals)、R4996(MEM63908としても公知である;Roche/Memory Pharmaceuticals)、TC−4959およびTC−5619(いずれもTargacept)ならびにRJR−2403等の、ニコチン性受容体アゴニスト;
(xxviii)アトモキセチン(STRATTERA)、ドキセピン(APONAL、ADAPIN、SINEQUAN)、ノルトリプチリン(AVENTYL、PAMELOR、NORTRILEN)、アモキサピン(ASENDIN、DEMOLOX、MOXIDIL)、レボキセチン(EDRONAX、VESTRA)、ビロキサジン(VIVALAN)、マプロチリン(DEPRILEPT、LUDIOMIL、PSYMION)、ブプロピオン(WELLBUTRIN)およびラダキサフィン(radaxafine)等の、ノルエピネフリン(ノルアドレナリン)再取り込み阻害剤;
(xxix)(a)PDE1阻害剤(例えば、ビンポセチン(CAVINTON、CERACTIN、INTELECTOL)および米国特許第6,235,742号において開示されているもの)、(b)PDE2阻害剤(例えば、エリスロ−9−(2−ヒドロキシ−3−ノニル)アデニン(EHNA)、BAY60−7550および米国特許第6,174,884号において開示されているもの)、(c)PDE3阻害剤(例えば、アナグレリド、シロスタゾール、ミルリノン、オルプリノン、パログレリルおよびピモベンダン)、(d)PDE4阻害剤(例えば、アプレミラスト、イブジラスト、ロフルミラスト、ロリプラム、Ro20−1724、イブジラスト(KETAS)、ピクラミラスト(RP73401としても公知である)、CDP840、シロミラスト(ARIFLO)、ロフルミラスト、トフィミラスト、オグレミラスト(GRC3886としても公知である)、テトミラスト(OPC−6535としても公知である)、リリミラスト(lirimifast)、テオフィリン(UNIPHYL、THEOLAIR)、アロフィリン(LAS−31025としても公知である)、ドキソフィリン、RPR−122818またはメセンブリン)ならびに(e)PDE5阻害剤(例えば、シルデナフィル(VIAGRA、REVATIO)、タダラフィル(CIALIS)、バルデナフィル(LEVITRA、VIVANZA)、ウデナフィル、アバナフィル、ジピリダモール(PERSANTINE)、E−4010、E−4021、E−8010、ザプリナスト、イオデナフィル(iodenafil)、ミロデナフィル、DA−8159、ならびに国際特許出願第WO2002/020521号、同第WO2005/049616号、同第WO2006/120552号、同第WO2006/126081号、同第WO2006/126082号、同第WO2006/126083号および同第WO2007/122466号において開示されているもの)、(f)PDE7阻害剤;(g)PDE8阻害剤;(h)PDE9阻害剤(例えば、BAY73−6691(Bayer AG)、ならびに米国特許公開第US2003/0195205号、同第US2004/0220186号、同第US2006/0111372号、同第US2006/0106035号、およびUSSN12/118,062(2008年5月9日出願)において開示されているもの)、(i)2−[4−(1−メチル−4−ピリジン−4−イル−1H−ピラゾール−3−イル)フェノキシメチル]キノリン(PF−2545920)およびSCH−1518291等のPDE10阻害剤;ならびに(j)PDE11阻害剤を包含するがこれらに限定されない、ホスホジエステラーゼ(PDE)阻害剤;
(xxx)キニーネ(その塩酸塩、二塩酸塩、硫酸塩、重硫酸塩およびグルコン酸塩を包含する)、クロロキン、サントキン、ヒドロキシクロロキン(PLAQUENIL)、メフロキン(LARIAM)およびアモジアキン(CAMOQUIN、FLAVOQUINE)等の、キノリン;
(xxxi)ASP−1702、SCH−745966、JNJ−715754、AMG−0683、AZ−12304146、BMS−782450、GSK−188909、NB−533、LY−2886721、E−2609、HPP−854、(+)−酒石酸フェンセリン(POSIPHEN)、LSN−2434074(LY−2434074としても公知である)、KMI−574、SCH−745966、Ac−rER(N2−アセチル−D−アルギニル−L−アルギニン)、ロキシスタチン(E64dとしても公知である)およびCA074Me等の、β−セクレターゼ阻害剤;
(xxxii)BMS−708163(Avagacest)、WO20060430064(Merck)、DSP8658(大日本住友製薬株式会社)、ITI−009、L−685458(Merck)、ELAN−G、ELAN−Z、4−クロロ−N−[2−エチル−1(S)−(ヒドロキシメチル)ブチル]ベンゼンスルホンアミド等の、γ−セクレターゼ阻害剤およびモジュレーター;
(xxxiii)スピペロン、レボ−ピンドロール、BMY7378、NAD−299、S(−)−UH−301、NAN190、レコゾタン等の、セロトニン(5−ヒドロキシトリプタミン)1A(5−HT1A)受容体アンタゴニスト;
(xxxiv)バビカセリンおよびジクロナピン等の、セロトニン(5−ヒドロキシトリプタミン)2C(5−HT2c)受容体アゴニスト;
(xxxv)PRX−03140(Epix)等の、セロトニン(5−ヒドロキシトリプタミン)4(5−HT4)受容体アゴニスト;
(xxxvi)A−964324、AVI−101、AVN−211、ミアンセリン(TORVOL、BOLVIDON、NORVAL)、メチオテピン(メチテピンとしても公知である)、リタンセリン、ALX−1161、ALX−1175、MS−245、LY−483518(SGS518としても公知である;Lilly)、MS−245、Ro04−6790、Ro43−68544、Ro63−0563、Ro65−7199、Ro65−7674、SB−399885、SB−214111、SB−258510、SB−271046、SB−357134、SB−699929、SB−271046、SB−742457(GlaxoSmithKline)、Lu AE58054(Lundbeck A/S)およびPRX−07034(Epix)等の、セロトニン(5−ヒドロキシトリプタミン)6(5−HT6)受容体アンタゴニスト;
(xxxvii)アラプロクレート、シタロプラム(CELEXA、CIPRAMIL)、エスシタロプラム(LEXAPRO、CIPRALEX)、クロミプラミン(ANAFRANIL)、デュロキセチン(CYMBALTA)、フェモキセチン(MALEXIL)、フェンフルラミン(PONDIMIN)、ノルフェンフルラミン、フルオキセチン(PROZAC)、フルボキサミン(LUVOX)、インダルピン、ミルナシプラン(IXEL)、パロキセチン(PAXIL、SEROXAT)、セルトラリン(ZOLOFT、LUSTRAL)、トラゾドン(DESYREL、MOLIPAXIN)、ベンラファキシン(EFFEXOR)、ジメリジン(NORMUD、ZELMID)、ビシファジン、デスベンラファキシン(PRISTIQ)、ブラソフェンシン、ビラゾドン、カリプラジン、ニューラルステムおよびテソフェンシン等の、セロトニン(5−HT)再取り込み阻害剤;
(xxxviii)神経成長因子(NGF)、塩基性線維芽細胞成長因子(bFGF;ERSOFERMIN)、ニューロトロフィン−3(NT−3)、カルディオトロフィン−1、脳由来神経栄養因子(BDNF)、ニューブラスチン、メテオリンおよびグリア由来神経栄養因子(GDNF)等の栄養因子、ならびに、プロペントフィリン、イデベノン、PYM50028(COGANE;Phytopharm)およびAIT−082(NEOTROFIN)等の栄養因子の産生を刺激する薬剤;
(xxxix)パリフルチン(paliflutine)、ORG−25935、JNJ−17305600およびORG−26041等の、グリシン輸送体−1阻害剤;
(xl)ペランパネル、ミバンパトル(mibampator)、セルランパネル(selurampanel)、GSK−729327、N−{(3S,4S)−4−[4−(5−シアノチオフェン−2−イル)フェノキシ]テトラヒドロフラン−3−イル}プロパン−2−スルホンアミド等の、AMPA型グルタミン酸受容体モジュレーター;
(xli)トファシチニブ、ルキソリチニブ、バリシチニブ、CYT387、GLPG0634、レスタウルチニブ、パクリチニブおよびTG101348等であるがこれらに限定されない、ヤヌスキナーゼ阻害剤(JAK)。
ジフェノキシレート(ロモチル)およびロペラミド(イモジウム)等の、止瀉薬;
コレスチラミン、アロセトロン(ロトロネックス)およびウビプロストン(ubiprostone)(アミティーザ)等の、胆汁酸結合剤;
マグネシアミルク、ポリエチレングリコール(ミララックス)、ドゥルコラックス、コレクトールおよびセノコット等の下剤、ならびにジサイクロミン(ベンチル)等の、抗コリン薬または抗けいれん薬;
アバタセプトを包含するがこれに限定されない、リンパ球活性化阻害剤;
アナキンラ、リロナセプト、カナキヌマブ、ゲボキズマブ、MABp1およびMEDI−8968を包含するがこれらに限定されない、抗IL1治療;
ベタメタゾン、プレドニゾン、ヒドロコルチゾン、プレドニゾロン、フルニソリド、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、ベクロメタゾン、ジプロピオネート、ブデソニド、プロピオン酸フルチカゾン、シクレソニド、モメタゾンフロエート、フルオシノニド、デスオキシメタゾン、メチルプレドニゾロンまたはPF−04171327を包含するがこれらに限定されない、経口的に、吸入によって、注射によって、局所的に、経直腸的に、眼内送達によって投薬され得る、グルココルチコイド受容体モジュレーター;
スルファサラジンおよびメサラジンを包含するがこれらに限定されない、アミノサリチル酸誘導体;
ナタリズマブを包含するがこれに限定されない、抗α4インテグリン剤;
プロピルヘキセドリン(propylhexidrine)、フェニレフリン、フェニルプロパノールアミン、プソイドエフェドリンもしくはナファゾリン塩酸塩、オキシメタゾリン塩酸塩、テトラヒドロゾリン塩酸塩、キシロメタゾリン塩酸塩またはエチルノルエピネフリン塩酸塩を包含するがこれらに限定されない、α1またはα2アドレナリン作動性アゴニスト剤;
メタプロテレノール、イソプロテレノール、イソプレナリン、アルブテロール、サルブタモール、ホルモテロール、サルメテロール、テルブタリン、オルシプレナリン、メシル酸ボトルテロール、ピルブテロールを包含するがこれらに限定されない、α−アドレナリン作動性アゴニスト;
臭化イプラトロピウム、臭化チオトロピウム、臭化オキシトロピウム、臭化アクリジニウム、グリコピロレート、ピレンゼピンまたはテレンゼピンを包含するがこれらに限定されない、抗コリン作動剤。
下記は、本発明の種々の化合物の合成を例証するものである。本発明の範囲内にある追加の化合物は、単独で、または当技術分野において概して公知である技術と組み合わせてのいずれかで、これらの実施例において例証されている方法を使用して調製され得る。
10−(4−クロロフェニル)−8−(ピリミジン−2−イル)−7,8−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン(1)
N−ブロモコハク酸イミド(15.4g、86.5mmol)を、ジクロロメタン(150mL)中のエチル1H−ピロロ[3,2−b]ピリジン−2−カルボキシレート(15.0g、78.9mmol)の0℃溶液に添加し、反応混合物を室温で16時間にわたって攪拌した。ジクロロメタン(150mL)および水(200mL)の添加後、水性層をジクロロメタン(3×150mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(5×50mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中0%から50%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を黄色固体として得た。収量:13g、48mmol、61%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.94 (br s, 1H), 8.65 (dd, J=4.5, 1.1 Hz,
1H), 7.78 (dd, J=8.4, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J=8.4, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (q, J=7.1
Hz, 2H), 1.45 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).
この実験は5回行った。1,4−ジオキサン(20mL)および水(2mL)中の、C1(1.08g、4.01mmol)、(4−クロロフェニル)ボロン酸(936mg、5.99mmol)および炭酸ナトリウム(1.27g、12.0mmol)の混合物に、[1,1’−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェロセン]ジクロロパラジウム(II)(146mg、200μmol)を添加した。反応混合物を100℃で18時間にわたって攪拌し、次いで、真空で濃縮した。水(30mL)を添加し、混合物を酢酸エチル(3×30mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(3×20mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮し、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中0%から30%酢酸エチル)によって精製して、生成物を黄色固体として提供した。総収量:5.2g、17mmol、85%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.25 (br s, 1H), 8.62 (dd, J=4.5, 1.4 Hz,
1H), 7.78 (dd, J=8.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (br d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (br d, J=8.5
Hz, 2H), 7.30 (dd, J=8.3, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.29 (t, J=7.2
Hz, 3H).
水素化ナトリウム(鉱油中60%、1.4g、35mmol)およびN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(30mL)の混合物を0℃に冷却し、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(40mL)中のC2(7.00g、23.3mmol)の溶液により滴下方式で処理した。これを室温で1時間にわたって攪拌し、次いで、0℃に冷却した。(2−ブロモエトキシ)(tert−ブチル)ジメチルシラン(11.2g、46.8mmol)の添加後、反応混合物を室温で16時間にわたって攪拌させ、次いで、水(150mL)でクエンチした。混合物を酢酸エチル(3×150mL)で抽出し、合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(5×50mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中0%から10%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を黄色油状物として提供した。収量:6.8g、15mmol、64%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.57 (dd, J=4.4, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (dd,
J=8.5, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (br AB四重線, JAB=8.6
Hz, ΔνAB=22.3 Hz, 4H), 7.26 (dd, J=8.4, 4.5, 1H, 推定;
溶媒ピークにより一部不明確), 4.65-4.71 (m, 2H), 4.23 (q, J=7.2 Hz,
2H), 3.98-4.03 (m, 2H), 1.12 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 0.73 (s, 9H), -0.20 (s, 6H).
6M塩酸水溶液(78mL)およびテトラヒドロフラン(156mL)中のC3(6.5g、14mmol)の溶液を、70℃で3時間にわたって加熱した。真空でのテトラヒドロフランの除去後、水性残留物を飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液にゆっくりと注ぎ入れ、ジクロロメタン(3×100mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(2×50mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮し、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中0%から70%酢酸エチル)によって精製して、生成物を白色固体として得た。収量:3.23g、10.8mmol、77%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.69 (dd, J=4.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (br d,
J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.75 (dd, J=8.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (br d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.39
(dd, J=8.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.79-4.84 (m, 2H), 4.40-4.45 (m, 2H).
テトラヒドロフラン(9mL)中のピリミジン−2−アミン(72.7mg、0.764mmol)の溶液に、ビス(トリメチルアルミニウム)−1,4−ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン付加物(97%、202mg、0.764mmol)を室温で2分間かけて3回に分けて添加した。この混合物を5分間にわたって攪拌し、次いで、C4(114mg、0.382mmol)で一度に処理した。反応混合物を70℃で20時間にわたって加熱し、次いで、室温に冷却し、この時点で、テトラヒドロフラン(2mL)中で5分間にわたって攪拌した追加のピリミジン−2−アミン(35mg、0.37mmol)およびビス(トリメチルアルミニウム)−1,4−ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン付加物(97%、100mg、0.38mmol)の混合物を添加し、反応混合物を70℃でさらに3.5時間にわたって加熱した。これを周囲温度に冷却した後、反応混合物を、強塩基性になるまで1M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で処理し、この混合物をジクロロメタンで3回抽出した。水性相を1M塩酸水溶液でおよそ5〜6のpHに酸性化し、その後、ジクロロメタンで3回抽出した。酸性抽出からの合わせた有機層を、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮して、生成物をオフホワイトの固体として提供した。収量:119mg、0.302mmol、79%。LCMS m/z 394.1, 396.2 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 8.62 (dd,
J=4.5, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.51 (br d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 8.32 (br s, 1H), 7.86 (dd,
J=8.5, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (br d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (br d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.32
(dd, J=8.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 4.68-4.73 (m, 2H), 4.08-4.14
(m, 2H).
テトラヒドロフラン(2mL)中のC5(117mg、0.297mmol)の溶液に、アゾジカルボン酸ジイソプロピル(0.147mL、0.742mmol)およびポリマー支持トリフェニルホスフィン(1.6mmol/g、464mg、0.742mmol)を添加した。反応混合物を室温で1.5時間にわたって攪拌した後、これを酢酸エチルで希釈し、上清を、Acrodisc(登録商標)フィルターを装備した使い捨てシリンジに通過させた。濾液を水で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:ジクロロメタン中0%から4%メタノール)により、生成物を白色泡状物として提供した。収量:99mg、0.26mmol、88%。LCMS m/z 376.1, 378.1 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 8.76 (d,
J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 8.66 (dd, J=4.4, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.74-7.79 (m, 3H), 7.41 (br d,
J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (dd, J=8.4, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.57-4.62
(m, 2H), 4.49-4.54 (m, 2H).
10−(4−クロロフェニル)−8−シクロプロピル−7,8−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン(2)
テトラヒドロフラン中のエチル1H−ピロロ[3,2−b]ピリジン−2−カルボキシレート(23g、0.12mol)、2−ブロモエタノール(37.9g、0.303mol)およびトリフェニルホスフィン(79.4g、0.303mol)の溶液を、0℃に冷却した。アゾジカルボン酸ジイソプロピル(61.2g、0.303mol)を20分間かけて滴下添加し、得られた混合物を25℃に加温し、18時間にわたって攪拌した。溶媒を減圧下で除去した後、残留物を酢酸エチル(300mL)で希釈し、塩酸水溶液(1M、3×100mL)で抽出した。飽和炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を使用して、合わせた水性抽出物をpH8〜9に塩基性化し、得られた混合物を酢酸エチル(3×100mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を真空で濃縮し、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:5:1 石油エーテル/酢酸エチル)により、生成物を白色固体として提供した。収量:25g、84mmol、70%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.59 (dd, J=4.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (br d,
J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (br s, 1H), 7.28 (dd, J=8.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (t, J=6.7
Hz, 2H), 4.42 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.44 (t, J=7.2 Hz,
3H).
アセトニトリル(400mL)中のC6(25g、84mmol)の溶液に、炭酸カリウム(17.4g、0.126mol)、続いて、シクロプロピルアミン(192g、3.36mol)を添加した。反応混合物を60℃で16時間にわたって攪拌したら直ぐに、これを濾過し、次いで、減圧下で濃縮して、生成物を黄色半固体(23g)として提供した。LCMS分析により、意図されている生成物C7(m/z 273.9 [M+H]+)およびC8、分子内環化によって生じた三環式化合物(m/z 227.8 [M+H]+)の両方が存在していた。この材料を、さらに精製することなく後続のステップに使用した。
マグネシウムメトキシド(7.26g、84.1mmol)を、メタノール(350mL)中のC7(前ステップから、23g、84mmol以下)の溶液に添加した。反応混合物を80℃で1時間にわたって攪拌した後、固体を、濾過を介して除去し、濾液を減圧下で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:1:1 石油エーテル/酢酸エチル)を介する精製により、生成物を白色固体として得た。収量:2ステップにわたって18.5g、81.4mmol、97%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.51 (dd, J=4.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (br d,
J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (br s, 1H), 7.19 (dd, J=8.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.18-4.23 (m,
2H), 3.80-3.85 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.88 (m, 1H), 0.93-0.99 (m, 2H), 0.74-0.80 (m,
2H).
N−ブロモコハク酸イミド(17.4g、97.8mmol)を、ジクロロメタン(400mL)中のC8(18.5g、81.4mmol)の溶液に添加し、反応混合物を25℃で1時間にわたって攪拌した。次いで、これを減圧下で濃縮し、冷却し、飽和チオ硫酸ナトリウム水溶液(100mL)で処理した。混合物をジクロロメタン(3×100mL)で抽出し、合わせた有機層を乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:20:1 ジクロロメタン/メタノール)により、生成物を薄黄色固体として提供した。収量:17.9g、58.5mmol、72%。LCMS m/z 307.9 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 8.61 (br d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H),
7.63 (br d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (dd, J=8.4, 4.5 Hz, 1H, 推定; 溶媒ピークにより一部不明確), 4.23-4.28 (m, 2H),
3.82-3.87 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.89 (m, 1H), 0.95-1.02 (m, 2H), 0.77-0.83 (m, 2H).
この反応は4回行った。ビス(トリ−tert−ブチルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)(83mg、0.16mmol)を、C9(500mg、1.63mmol)、(4−クロロフェニル)ボロン酸(509mg、3.26mmol)、1,4−ジオキサン(15mL)および炭酸ナトリウム(864g、8.15mmol、水中3M溶液として)の混合物に添加した。反応混合物を90℃で16時間にわたって攪拌し、次いで、水(50mL)および酢酸エチル(50mL)で希釈した。酢酸エチル(3×30mL)による水性層の抽出後、合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。合わせた粗生成物の、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中0%から100%酢酸エチル)を介する精製により、生成物を黄色固体として提供した。収量:870mg、2.58mmol、39%。LCMS m/z 337.8 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 8.60 (dd, J=4.5, 1.4 Hz, 1H),
7.76 (br d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.4, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (br d, J=8.4 Hz,
2H), 7.29 (dd, J=8.4, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.32 (m, 2H), 3.86-3.92 (m, 2H),
2.81-2.87 (m, 1H), 0.92-0.99 (m, 2H), 0.73-0.80 (m, 2H).
10−(4−クロロフェニル)−8−シクロプロピル−7,8−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン(2)
エタノール(10mL)および水(1mL)中のC2(300mg、1.0mmol)および水酸化リチウム一水和物(126mg、3.00mmol)の混合物を、室温で3時間にわたって攪拌した。反応混合物を水で希釈し、塩酸水溶液で5未満のpHに酸性化した。真空でのエタノールの除去、続いて、凍結乾燥により、生成物を黄色固体として得た。収量:300mg、推定定量的。
N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(6mL)中のC10(200mg、0.73mmol)およびO−(7−アザベンゾトリアゾール−1−イル)−N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチルウロニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(HATU、555mg、1.46mmol)の溶液に、N,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(0.40mL、2.3mmol)を添加し、得られた混合物を室温で10分間にわたって攪拌した。シクロプロピルアミン(63mg、1.1mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を室温で3時間にわたって攪拌し、次いで、水で希釈し、酢酸エチル(4×25mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を真空で濃縮し、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)(カラム:DIKMA Diamonsil(2) C18、5μm;移動相A:水中0.225%ギ酸;移動相B:アセトニトリル;勾配:10%から30%B)によって精製して、生成物を白色固体として提供した。収量:20mg、64μmol、9%。LCMS m/z 311.9 [M+H]+. 1H
NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.26 (br s, 1H), 8.48 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (br d, J=3.8 Hz,
1H), 7.95-8.02 (m, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H),
7.32-7.39 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.87 (m, 1H), 0.66-0.73 (m, 2H), 0.44-0.50 (m, 2H).
アセトニトリル(2.5mL)中の、C11(25mg、80μmol)、炭酸カリウム(98mg、0.71mmol)および1,2−ジブロモエタン(0.5mL)の溶液を、100℃で4時間にわたって攪拌した。混合物の濾過後、濾液を減圧下で濃縮し、逆相HPLC(カラム:Kromasil Eternity−5−C18、5μm;移動相A:水中0.225%ギ酸;移動相B:アセトニトリル;勾配:15%から35%B)によって精製して、生成物を黄色固体として得た。収量:9.9mg、29μmol、36%。LCMS m/z 338.0 [M+H]+. 1H
NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.48 (br d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (br d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (br d,
J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (br d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (dd, J=8.4, 4.6 Hz, 1H),
4.35-4.41 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.83 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.90 (m, 1H), 0.71-0.83 (m, 4H).
(6aR)−12−(4−クロロフェニル)−6a,7,8,9−テトラヒドロ−6H,11H−ピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピロロ[1,2−d]ピラジン−11−オン、トリフルオロ酢酸塩(3)
エチル1H−ピロロ[3,2−b]ピリジン−2−カルボキシレート(200mg、1.05mmol)、tert−ブチル(2R)−2−(ヒドロキシメチル)ピロリジン−1−カルボキシレート(529mg、2.63mmol)およびトリフェニルホスフィン(690mg、2.63mmol)を、テトラヒドロフラン(200mL)に溶解し、0℃に冷却した。アゾジカルボン酸ジイソプロピル(0.521mL、2.63mmol)を20分間かけて滴下添加し、反応混合物を室温に加温させ、18時間にわたって攪拌させた。溶媒を真空で除去し、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:ヘプタン中0%から100%酢酸エチル)を介する精製により、汚染物質を依然として含有する生成物(500mg)を提供した。この材料を、後続のステップに直接持ち込んだ。LCMS m/z 374.3 [M+H]+.
ジエチルエーテル中のC12(前ステップから、1.05mmol以下)の溶液を、ジエチルエーテル中の塩化水素の溶液(4M、5mL)で処理し、反応混合物を3日間にわたって攪拌させた。反応混合物をLCMSによって分析し、主に化合物C13からなることが分かった:m/z 274.2 [M+H]+。溶媒を真空で除去し、残留物を水と混合し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。水性層を、飽和炭酸ナトリウム水溶液の添加を介して塩基性化し、次いで、酢酸エチル(2×100mL)で抽出した。これらの2つの有機層を合わせ、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮して、生成物(90mg)を提供し、これは、NMR分析により、C14、ステップ3の生成物に本質的に完全に環化していた。それでもなお、この材料を後続のステップに供した。
前ステップからの材料(90mg)を、メタノール中のマグネシウムメトキシドの溶液(6〜10%溶液、4mL)と混合し、反応混合物を18時間にわたって還流状態まで加熱した。減圧下での溶媒の蒸発、続いて、水の添加および酢酸エチル(2×100mL)による抽出を行った。合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮し、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:ジクロロメタン中0%から10%メタノール)により、生成物を得た。収量:3ステップにわたって70mg、0.31mmol、30%。LCMS m/z 228.1 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD)
δ 8.43 (dd, J=4.6, 1.3 Hz, 1H),
8.00 (ddd, J=8.5, 1.2, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J=8.4, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (br s,
1H), 4.85 (dd, J=12.1, 4.5 Hz, 1H, 推定; 水のピークにより一部不明確), 4.19-4.29 (m, 1H), 3.87 (dd, J=12.1, 12.1 Hz, 1H), 3.77-3.84 (m,
1H), 3.60-3.69 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.98-2.11 (m,
1H), 1.87-1.98 (m, 1H).
化合物C14を、実施例1においてC1の合成について記述されている方法に従って、生成物に変換した。この場合、クロマトグラフィー精製は、ジクロロメタン中5%メタノールを溶離液として用いて行った。収量:70mg、0.23mmol、58%。LCMS m/z 306.0, 308.0 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CD3OD) δ 8.49 (dd,
J=4.6, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (dd, J=8.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (dd, J=8.5, 4.6 Hz, 1H),
4.87 (dd, J=12.1, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 4.16-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.88 (dd, J=12.0, 12.0 Hz,
1H), 3.75-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.68 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.25 (m,
1H), 1.97-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.97 (m, 1H).
化合物C15を、実施例1においてC2の合成について記述されている一般的な方法に従って、生成物に変換した。精製は、この場合、逆相HPLC(カラム:Waters Sunfire C18、5μm;移動相A:水中0.05%トリフルオロ酢酸(v/v);移動相B:アセトニトリル中0.05%トリフルオロ酢酸(v/v);勾配:10%から30%B)によって行って、生成物を提供した。収量:33mg、73μmol、74%。LCMS m/z 338.0, 340.0 [M+H]+.
1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.48 (dd, J=4.4, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (br d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (br
d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (br d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (dd, J=8.4, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.89
(dd, J=12.1, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 4.16-4.22 (m, 1H), 3.87 (dd, J=12.1, 12.0 Hz, 1H),
3.60-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.52 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.03-2.10 (m, 1H),
1.87-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.87 (m, 1H).
4−(8−シクロプロピル−9−オキソ−6,7,8,9−テトラヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−10−イル)−2−フルオロベンゾニトリル(4)
δ 8.62 (br d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.76-7.81
(m, 2H), 7.73 (br d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=7.9, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dd,
J=8.4, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.36 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.95 (m, 2H), 2.83-2.90 (m, 1H),
0.96-1.02 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.81 (m, 2H).
4−(8−シクロプロピル−9−オキソ−6,7,8,9−テトラヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−10−イル)−2−(18F)フルオロベンゾニトリル(4a)
4−ブロモ−2−ニトロベンゾニトリル(800mg、3.52mmol)、4,4,4’,4’,5,5,5’,5’−オクタメチル−2,2’−ビ−1,3,2−ジオキサボロラン(940mg、3.70mmol)および酢酸カリウム(1.0g、10mmol)を、1,4−ジオキサン(35mL)中で合わせ、混合物を15分間にわたって脱気した。[1,1’−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェロセン]ジクロロパラジウム(II)(120mg、0.16mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を100℃で2時間にわたって加熱した。これを室温に冷却した後、溶媒を真空で除去し、残留物を、シリカゲル上のクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:ジクロロメタン)を介して精製して、生成物を帯褐色黄色固体として提供した。収量:940mg、3.43mmol、97%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.69 (br s, 1H), 8.18 (dd, J=7.6, 1.0 Hz,
1H), 7.90 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 1.38 (s, 12H).
C9のC16との反応は、実施例13においてC49の合成について記述されている方法を使用して行った。生成物は、黄色固体として得られた。収量:315mg、0.844mmol、98%。LCMS m/z 374.2 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 8.90 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.56
(dd, J=4.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (dd, J=7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),
7.78 (dd, J=8.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (dd, J=8.3, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.33-4.40 (m, 2H),
3.90-3.97 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.89 (m, 1H), 0.91-0.99 (m, 2H), 0.73-0.81 (m, 2H).
HRMS (m/z): [M+H]+ C20H15N5O3の計算値, 374.1248; 実測値, 374.1246.
水中の[18F]フッ化物を、18O(p,n)18F核反応においてCTI RDS−111サイクロトロンで生成した。p/n反応のための出発材料は、Huayi/Isoflex製の97%O−18富化水であり、照射を、ビームライン2F−18HP標的(体積=2.4mL)に対して、60μampで30分間にわたって実施した。半分取HPLCカラムを、実験の開始前に、移動相により、3mL/分で15分間にわたって平衡化した。
10−(4−クロロフェニル)−8−(4H−1,2,4−トリアゾール−3−イル)−7,8−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン(5)および10−(4−クロロフェニル)−8−(4H−1,2,4−トリアゾール−3−イル)ピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(8H)−オン(6)
水素化ナトリウム(鉱油中60%、150mg、3.75mmol)を、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(10mL)中のC2(750mg、2.49mmol)の0℃溶液にゆっくりと添加した。10分後、3−ブロモプロパ−1−エン(99%、0.432mL、4.98mmol)を滴下添加し、冷却浴を除去した。4.5時間後、反応混合物を水(25mL)に注ぎ入れ、酢酸エチル(100mL)で希釈した。有機層を、半飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(4×50mL)で、次いで、飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(50mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:ヘプタン中5%から50%酢酸エチル)に供して、生成物を黄色油(900mg)として得た。この材料を、後続のステップに直接持ち込んだ。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.61 (dd, J=4.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (dd,
J=8.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (br AB四重線, JAB=8.7
Hz, ΔνAB=33.5 Hz, 4H), 7.30 (dd, J=8.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 5.98-6.09 (m, 1H),
5.17-5.22 (m, 3H), 4.99-5.06 (m, 1H), 4.25 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.14 (t, J=7.1
Hz, 3H).
4−メチルモルホリンN−オキシド一水和物(674mg、4.99mmol)を、テトラヒドロフラン(35mL)中のC18(前ステップから、900mg、2.49mmol以下)の溶液に添加した。20分後、四酸化オスミウム(tert−ブタノール中2.5重量パーセント溶液、0.94mL、75μmol)を混合物に添加した。4.5時間後、反応物を、10%チオ硫酸ナトリウム水溶液(20mL)の添加を介してクエンチし、混合物を20分間にわたって攪拌させたら直ぐに、これを酢酸エチル(4×45mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を、チオ硫酸ナトリウム水溶液でおよび飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮して、生成物を白色固体として提供した。収量:2ステップにわたって850mg、2.27mmol、91%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.41 (dd, J=4.6, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (dd,
J=8.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.44 (m, 4H), 7.32 (dd, J=8.6, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (dd,
J=14.5, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (dd, J=14.5, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H),
3.99-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.61 (dd, ABXパターンの半分, J=11.3, 4.7
Hz, 1H), 3.55 (dd, ABXパターンの半分, J=11.3, 5.2 Hz, 1H),
1.08 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).
化合物C19(上記のステップ1および2と同様の反応シーケンスから、2.49mmol以下)を、酢酸エチルおよびテトラヒドロフランの1:1混合物(50mL)に溶解し、水(30mL)中の過ヨウ素酸ナトリウム(815mg、4.27mmol)の溶液で滴下処理した。室温で18時間にわたって攪拌した後、反応混合物を追加の過ヨウ素酸ナトリウム(815mg、4.27mmol)で処理し、LCMS分析により、出発材料が消費されるまで、反応させた。重亜硫酸ナトリウムの水溶液(10%、30mL)を添加し、水性層を酢酸エチル(2×250mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮し、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:ヘプタン中0%から70%酢酸エチル)を介する精製により、生成物を固体をとして得た。収量:290mg、0.846mmol、34%以上。LCMS m/z 341.1, 343.1 [M-1]. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 9.79 (s, 1H), 8.60 (dd,
J=4.5, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (dd, J=8.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (br AB四重線, JAB=8.4 Hz, ΔνAB=33 Hz, 4H), 7.30 (dd, J=8.5, 4.5
Hz, 1H), 4.87-5.04 (m, 2H), 4.20 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.10 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).
化合物C20(200mg、0.58mmol)、4H−1,2,4−トリアゾール−3−アミン(65.0mg、0.773mmol)ならびにエタノールおよびトルエンの5:1混合物(15mL)を、バイアル中で合わせ、80℃で4時間にわたって加熱した。この時点で、蓋を除去し、反応混合物を、溶媒の80%が蒸発するまで、100℃で加熱した。室温に冷却した後、混合物を水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(73.1mg、1.93mmol)およびメタノール(10mL)で処理し、室温で18時間にわたって攪拌させた。飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液(10mL)を添加し、攪拌を30分間にわたって続けた。次いで、混合物を酢酸エチル(100mL)と水(30mL)とに分配し、有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(30mL)で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮して、粗生成物(265mg)を得、これを、さらに精製することなく後続のステップに持ち込んだ。
化合物C21(前述のステップから、0.58mmol以下)をメタノール(15mL)に溶解し、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(2M、2mL)で処理した。室温で6時間後、LCMS分析は、予測された生成物5および不飽和類似体6の両方の存在を示した。反応混合物を酢酸エチル(130mL)と水(10mL)とに分配し、有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。粗生成物を、C21(78mg、0.19mmol以下)に対して行った同様の反応から得られたものと合わせて、250mgの材料を得た。これの3分の1を、逆相HPLC(カラム:Waters XBridge C18、5μm;移動相A:水中0.03%水酸化アンモニウム(v/v);移動相B:アセトニトリル中0.03%水酸化アンモニウム(v/v);勾配:20%から30%B)に供して、5を提供した。収量:2ステップにわたって4.0mg、11μmol、4%。5:LCMS m/z 365.1, 367.1 [M+H]+.
1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6), 特徴的ピーク:
δ 8.54 (d, J=4 Hz, 1H), 8.14
(d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (br s, 1H), 7.78 (br d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (br d, J=8
Hz, 2H), 7.44 (dd, J=8.4, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (br s, 2H).
1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.72 (dd, J=4.4, 1 Hz, 1H), 8.64 (br d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (br s,
1H), 8.12 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (br d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.56 (dd, J=8.4, 4.4
Hz, 1H), 7.49 (br d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (br d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H).
10−(4−クロロ−3−フルオロフェニル)−8−シクロプロピル−7,8−ジヒドロピラジノ[1’,2’:1,5]ピロロ[3,2−d]ピリミジン−9(6H)−オン(7)
トルエン(100mL)中の、4−クロロピリミジン−5−アミン(8.0g、62mmol)、エチル2−オキソプロパノエート(14.4g、124mmol)およびp−トルエンスルホン酸一水和物(0.90g、4.7mmol)の混合物を、3時間にわたって攪拌還流し、この間、水をディーン・スターク・トラップで共沸的に除去した。その後、混合物を小体積に濃縮し、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中0%から30%酢酸エチル)によって精製して、生成物を黄色固体として得た。収量:2.1g、9.2mmol、15%。
ピリジン(25mL)中の、C22(2.1g、9.2mmol)、N,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(3mL)およびテトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)(0.2g、0.2mmol)の混合物を、窒素で数回脱気し、140℃で4時間にわたって攪拌した。真空での溶媒の除去後、残留物をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中0%から100%酢酸エチル)によって精製して、生成物を褐色固体として提供した。収量:500mg、2.6mmol、28%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.33 (br s, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 9.05 (d,
J=0.5 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.36 (m, 1H), 4.50 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.47 (t, J=7.2 Hz,
3H).
アセトニトリル(20mL)中の、C23(400mg、2.1mmol)、1,2−ジブロモエタン(1.57g、8.36mmol)および炭酸カリウム(1.1g、8.0mmol)の混合物を、50℃で18時間にわたって加熱した。反応混合物を室温に冷却し、水(20mL)に注ぎ入れた後、これを減圧下で濃縮して、アセトニトリルを除去した。水性残留物を酢酸エチル(3×20mL)で抽出し、合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮して、生成物を褐色固体として得た。収量:350mg、1.2mmol、57%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.12 (s, 2H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 5.01 (t, J=6.2
Hz, 2H), 4.46 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.46 (t, J=7.1 Hz,
3H).
アセトニトリル(10mL)中のC24(300mg、1.0mmol)およびシクロプロピルアミン(3.0g、52mmol)の溶液に、炭酸カリウム(284mg、2.05mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を80℃で18時間にわたって攪拌した。揮発物を真空で除去し、残留物をアセトニトリル(15mL)およびN,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(5mL)と混合し、80℃で3時間にわたって攪拌した。反応混合物を濾過し、濾液を減圧下で濃縮して、生成物を褐色固体として提供した。収量:180mg、0.79mmol、79%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.91 (d, J=0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.38
(d, J=0.7 Hz, 1H), 4.33-4.38 (m, 2H), 3.87-3.92 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.93 (m, 1H),
0.98-1.04 (m, 2H), 0.78-0.84 (m, 2H).
化合物C25を、この場合、クロマトグラフィー精製を行わなかったことを除き、実施例1においてC1の合成について記述されている方法を使用して、生成物に変換した。生成物は、褐色固体として得られた。収量:500mg、1.6mmol、91%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.15 (s, 1H), 9.00 (s, 1H), 4.39-4.44 (m,
2H), 3.88-3.93 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.92 (m, 1H), 0.99-1.05 (m, 2H), 0.80-0.85 (m,
2H).
化合物C26(400mg、1.3mmol)、(4−クロロ−3−フルオロフェニル)ボロン酸(341mg、1.96mmol)および炭酸セシウム(1.0g、3.1mmol)を、1,4−ジオキサン(20mL)および水(2mL)の混合物中で合わせ、窒素で2分間にわたって脱気した。ジクロロビス(トリシクロヘキシルホスフィン)−パラジウム(II)(20mg、27μmol)を添加し、反応混合物を100℃に18時間にわたって加熱し、次いで、真空で濃縮し、水(50mL)で希釈し、酢酸エチル(3×30mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を減圧下で濃縮し、逆相高速液体クロマトグラフィー(カラム:Phenomenex Gemini C18、8μm;移動相A:アンモニア水、pH10;移動相B:アセトニトリル;勾配:36%から56%B)を介して精製して、生成物を黄色固体として提供した。収量:30mg、84μmol、6%。LCMS m/z 357.1 [M+H]+. 1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.98 (s, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=10.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (br
dd, J=8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (dd, J=8.2, 7.8, 1H), 4.39-4.45 (m, 2H), 3.92-3.98
(m, 2H), 2.85-2.92 (m, 1H), 0.97-1.04 (m, 2H), 0.77-0.83 (m, 2H).
10−(4−クロロ−3−フルオロフェニル)−8−シクロプロピル−7,8−ジヒドロピロロ[1,2−a:4,5−b’]ジピラジン−9(6H)−オン(8)
3−クロロピラジン−2−アミンを、実施例7においてC22の合成について記述されている方法を使用して、生成物に変換した。生成物は、白色固体として単離された。収量:14.0g、61.5mmol、77%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.11 (br s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H),
7.78 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 5.87 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (q, J=7.2
Hz, 2H), 1.39 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).
化合物C27を、実施例7においてC23の合成について記述されている方法に従って、生成物に変換した。生成物は、黄色固体として得られた。収量:7.6g、40mmol、83%。LCMS m/z 191.9 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 11.43 (br s, 1H), 8.63 (d,
J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.55 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (q, J=7.2
Hz, 2H), 1.48 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).
化合物C28を、実施例3においてC12の合成について記述されている方法を使用して、2−ブロモエタノールと反応させた。この場合、クロマトグラフィーは、石油エーテル中10%から40%酢酸エチルの勾配を使用して行い、生成物は、白色固体として得られた。収量:2.0g、6.7mmol、64%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.58 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=2.4 Hz,
1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 5.13 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.46 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (t,
J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.46 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).
アセトニトリル(100mL)中のC29(2.0g、6.7mmol)およびシクロプロピルアミン(33mL)の溶液に、炭酸カリウム(2.8g、20mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を80℃で18時間にわたって攪拌した。減圧下での揮発物の除去後、残留物をジクロロメタンと水とに分配した。有機相を分離し、水性相をジクロロメタン(2×80mL)で抽出し、合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(50mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中70%から100%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を黄色固体として得た。収量:665mg、2.91mmol、43%。LCMS m/z 228.9 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 8.53 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.35
(d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 4.40-4.45 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.89 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.94
(m, 1H), 0.97-1.04 (m, 2H), 0.78-0.84 (m, 2H).
C30の生成物への変換は、実施例1においてC1の合成について記述されている方法を介して行った。この場合、用いたクロマトグラフィー勾配は、ジクロロメタン中0%から9%メタノールであり、生成物を黄色固体として提供し、これは、1H NMRにより、若干数の不純物を保持していた。収量:3.0g、9.8mmol、75%未満。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.55 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.39 (d, J=2.4 Hz,
1H), 4.44-4.48 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.89 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.93 (m, 1H), 0.97-1.04 (m,
2H), 0.79-0.86 (m, 2H).
1,4−ジオキサン(8mL)中のC31(190mg、0.62mmol)、(4−クロロ−3−フルオロフェニル)ボロン酸(220mg、1.26mmol)およびフッ化セシウム(380mg、2.50mmol)の混合物を、窒素で2分間にわたって脱気した。ビス[ジ−tert−ブチル(4−ジメチルアミノフェニル)ホスフィン]ジクロロパラジウム(II)(22mg、31μmol)の添加後、反応混合物を100℃で18時間にわたって攪拌した。揮発物を真空で除去し、残留物を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中酢酸エチル)、続いて、シリカゲル上の分取薄層クロマトグラフィー(溶離液:1:1 石油エーテル/酢酸エチル)に供して、生成物を黄色固体として得た。収量:32.2mg、90.2μmol、15%。LCMS m/z 356.8 [M+H]+. 1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.57 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (dd, J=10.4,
1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (br dd, J=8.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (dd, J=8.0, 7.9 Hz, 1H),
4.46-4.52 (m, 2H), 3.87-3.93 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.92 (m, 1H), 0.96-1.02 (m, 2H),
0.76-0.83 (m, 2H).
5−(4−クロロフェニル)−7−シクロプロピル−8,9−ジヒドロピリド[3’,2’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−6(7H)−オン(9)
n−ブチルリチウム(ヘキサン中2.5M、0.56mL、1.4mmol)を、テトラヒドロフラン(2mL)中のn−ブチルマグネシウムクロリド(ジエチルエーテル中2.0M、0.35mL、0.70mmol)の0℃溶液に滴下添加した。これを10分間にわたって攪拌した後、混合物を−78℃に冷却し、テトラヒドロフラン(2mL)中の2,3−ジブロモピリジン(474mg、2.00mmol)の溶液で滴下処理した。反応混合物を−78℃で30分間にわたって攪拌させたら直ぐに、4−クロロベンズアルデヒド(422mg、3.00mmol)を添加し、攪拌を、−78℃で10分間にわたって、次いで、0℃で10分間にわたって続けた。飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を添加し、混合物を酢酸エチルで抽出した。合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:ヘプタン中5%から45%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を無色のガムとして得た。収量:0.28g、0.94mmol、47%。LCMS m/z 297.9, 299.9, 301.9 [M+H]+. 1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ
8.31 (ddd, J=4.7, 2.0, 0.3 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (ddd, J=7.7, 2.0, 0.6 Hz, 1H),
7.34-7.35 (m, 4H), 7.33 (ddd, J=7.7, 4.7, 0.5 Hz, 1H), 6.13 (br s, 1H).
ジクロロメタン(5mL)中のC32(0.28g、0.94mmol)および酸化マンガン(IV)(815mg、9.37mmol)の混合物を、室温で16時間にわたって攪拌した。次いで、追加のジクロロメタンを使用して、反応混合物を珪藻土に通して濾過し、濾液を真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:ヘプタン中0%から40%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を白色固体として提供した。収量:203mg、0.684mmol、73%。LCMS m/z 295.9, 297.9, 299.9 [M+H]+. 1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ
8.55 (dd, J=4.8, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (br d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (dd, J=7.5, 2.0
Hz, 1H), 7.48 (br d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (dd, J=7.5, 4.8 Hz, 1H).
トルエン(1mL)中の、C33(137mg、0.462mmol)、1−シクロプロピルピペラジン−2−オン(97.9mg、0.554mmol)および炭酸セシウム(903mg、2.77mmol)の混合物を、室温で10分間にわたって攪拌したトルエン(0.5mL)中の酢酸パラジウム(II)(5.2mg、23μmol)および1,1’−ビナフタレン−2,2’−ジイルビス(ジフェニルホスファン)(BINAP、14.3mg、23.0μmol)の混合物で処理した。反応混合物を120℃で16時間にわたって加熱し、次いで、濾過した。濾液を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:ヘプタン中10%から100%酢酸エチル)を介して濾過し、その後の酢酸エチル/ヘプタンからの結晶化により、生成物を白色固体として得た。収量:83mg、0.25mmol、54%。LCMS m/z 338.1, 340.1 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d6) δ 8.48 (dd,
J=4.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (dd, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (br AB四重線, JAB=8.7 Hz, ΔνAB=44.1 Hz, 4H), 7.22 (dd, J=8.0, 4.6
Hz, 1H), 4.38-4.44 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.82 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.87 (m, 1H), 0.69-0.82 (m,
4H).
(7R)−10−(4−クロロフェニル)−8−シクロプロピル−7−メチル−7,8−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン(10)
2,2’−イミノ二酢酸(150g、1.13mol)および水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(2N、1.5L、3mol)の混合物を、0℃で30分間にわたって攪拌した。0℃でのベンジルクロロホルメート(211g、1.24mol)の滴下添加後、反応混合物を10℃で18時間にわたって攪拌した。次いで、反応混合物を酢酸エチル(1L)で洗浄し、水性層をおよそ2のpHに酸性化し、酢酸エチル(2×1L)で抽出した。これらの2つの有機層を合わせ、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮して、生成物を黄色のガムとして提供した。収量:180g、0.674mol、60%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.07 (br s, 2H), 7.27-7.37 (m, 5H), 5.16
(s, 2H), 4.19 (br s, 2H), 4.13 (br s, 2H).
N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(900mL)中のC34(180g、0.674mol)の溶液に、1−[3−(ジメチルアミノ)プロピル]−3−エチルカルボジイミド塩酸塩(EDCI、97g、0.51mol)、N,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(65g、0.50mol)およびN,O−ジメチルヒドロキシルアミン塩酸塩(46g、0.47mol)を添加し、反応混合物を10℃で18時間にわたって攪拌した。真空での溶媒の除去後、残留物を酢酸エチル(2L)に溶解し、1N塩酸水溶液で洗浄し、重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で抽出した。重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液相を、塩酸水溶液でおよそ2のpHに調整し、次いで、酢酸エチル(2L)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮して、生成物を黄色のガム(155g)として得、これは、その1H NMRスペクトルの調査から、回転異性体の混合物からなると推定された。この材料を、後続のステップに直接持ち込んだ。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3), 特徴的ピーク: δ 7.29-7.40 (m,
5H), 5.14-5.21 (m, 2H), 3.51および3.81 (2 s, 計3H), 3.30および3.21 (2 s, 計3H).
臭化メチルマグネシウム(ジエチルエーテル中3.0M溶液、670mL、2.0mol)を、テトラヒドロフラン(2L)中のC35(前反応から、155g、0.47mol以下)の0℃溶液に滴下添加し、得られた混合物をゆっくりと12℃に加温させ、その温度で18時間にわたって攪拌させた。反応混合物を、飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液の添加によってクエンチし、塩酸水溶液でおよそ2のpHに調整し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。有機層を、1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の添加を介して塩基性化し、塩基性水性層を酢酸エチルで洗浄し、次いで、塩酸水溶液でおよそ2のpHに酸性化し、酢酸エチル(2L)で抽出した。この有機抽出物を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮して、粗生成物(60g)を赤色油状物として提供し、これを、後続のステップにおいて直接使用した。
ジクロロメタン(2L)中のC36(60g、230mmol以下)の溶液に、シクロプロピルアミン(39g、0.68mol)、トリアセトキシ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(145g、0.684mol)および酢酸(20mL)を添加し、反応混合物を13℃で3日間にわたって攪拌した。真空での溶媒の除去により、粗生成物を橙色油状物として得、これを、次のステップにおいて直接使用した。
1−[3−(ジメチルアミノ)プロピル]−3−エチルカルボジイミド塩酸塩(EDCI、200g、1.04mol)およびN,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(215g、1.66mol)を、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(2L)中のC37(前ステップから)の溶液に添加し、反応混合物を14℃で18時間にわたって攪拌した。反応混合物を減圧下で濃縮し、残留物を酢酸エチル(1.5L)に溶解し、1N塩酸水溶液、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液および飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で順次に洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中30%から100%酢酸エチル)を介する精製により、生成物を黄色油状物として提供した。収量:4ステップにわたって18g、62.4mmol、13%。LCMS m/z 288.9 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 7.30-7.41 (m, 5H), 5.16 (AB四重線, JAB=12.4 Hz, ΔνAB=7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.23-4.36 (br m, 1H),
3.97 (d, J=18.2 Hz, 1H), 3.69-3.84 (br m, 1H), 3.36-3.60 (br m, 2H),
2.60-2.69 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.33 (br m, 3H), 1.00-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.69-0.80 (m,
2H), 0.48-0.61 (br m, 1H).
化合物C38(2.60g、9.02mmol)を、超臨界流体クロマトグラフィー(カラム:Phenomenex Lux Cellulose−4;溶離液:3:1 二酸化炭素/メタノール)を介してその成分エナンチオマーに分離した。負(−)回転を呈する固体として得られた第一溶離エナンチオマーは、C39として指定された。収量:1.0g、3.5mmol、39%。正(+)回転を持つガムとして得られた第二溶離エナンチオマーは、C40として指定された。収量:1.0g、3.5mmol、39%。これらの2つの化合物の絶対配置は、C39に由来する生成物に対するX線結晶構造決定に基づいて示される通りに割り当てられた;以下の実施例10についてのX線データを参照されたい。C39:LCMS m/z 289.2 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 7.30-7.41 (m, 5H), 5.16 (AB四重線, JAB=12.5 Hz, ΔνAB=7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.29 (br d, J=18.0 Hz,
1H), 3.96 (d, J=18.0 Hz, 1H), 3.70-3.84 (br m, 1H), 3.37-3.59 (br m, 2H),
2.60-2.69 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.33 (br m, 3H), 1.00-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.69-0.80 (m, 2H),
0.48-0.61 (br m, 1H).C40:LCMS m/z 289.2 [M+H]+.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30-7.41 (m, 5H), 5.16 (AB四重線, JAB=12.4
Hz, ΔνAB=7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.29 (br d, J=18 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (d, J=18.2 Hz, 1H),
3.70-3.84 (br m, 1H), 3.47-3.59 (br m, 1H), 3.42 (br d, J=13.5 Hz, 1H),
2.60-2.68 (m, 1H), 1.22-1.32 (br m, 3H), 1.00-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.69-0.79 (m, 2H),
0.49-0.60 (br m, 1H).
パラジウム炭素(10%、湿式、40mg)を、エタノール(12mL)中のC39(200mg、0.694mmol)の溶液に添加し、反応混合物を、Parrシェーカー上、50psi水素で18時間にわたって水素化し、次いで、珪藻土に通して濾過した。濾液を真空で濃縮して、生成物を油状物として得た。収量:103mg、0.668mmol、96%。LCMS m/z 155.1 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 3.47 (AB四重線, JAB=17.3 Hz, ΔνAB=11.6 Hz, 2H), 3.41-3.49 (m, 1H),
3.13 (dd, J=13.2, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 2.77 (dd, J=13.0, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 2.56-2.63 (m,
1H), 1.31 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3H), 1.02-1.11 (m, 1H), 0.66-0.76 (m, 2H), 0.53-0.62
(m, 1H).
この化合物は、P.C.GrosおよびF.Elaachbouni、Chem.Commun.2008、4813〜4815の方法を使用して合成した。[(トリメチルシリル)メチル]リチウム(ペンタン中1.0M溶液、12.7mL、12.7mmol)を、トルエン(14mL)中の2−(ジメチルアミノ)エタノール(423μL、4.22mmol)の0℃溶液に滴下添加し、混合物を20分間にわたって攪拌した。次いで、これを−30℃に冷却し、トルエン(6mL)中の2,3−ジブロモピリジン(1.0g、4.2mmol)の溶液で処理した。反応混合物を−30℃で40分間にわたって攪拌した後、トルエン(5mL)中の4−クロロベンズアルデヒド(99%、899mg、6.33mmol)の溶液を滴下様式で添加し、攪拌を−30℃で30分間にわたって続けた。この時点で、反応物を、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液(25mL)の添加を介してクエンチし、混合物を室温に加温させた。これを酢酸エチルで3回抽出し、合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:ヘプタン中0%から40%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を白色固体として得た。収量:949mg、3.18mmol、76%。LCMS m/z 298.0, 300.0, 302.0 [M+H]+. 1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ
8.60 (dd, J=4.7, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (dd, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.32 (m, 4H),
7.20 (dd, J=8.0, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 5.95 (s, 1H), 5.27 (br s, 1H).
化合物C42を、クロマトグラフィー精製を行わなかったことを除き、実施例9におけるC33の合成のための一般的な手順に従って、生成物に変換した。生成物は、白色固体として得られた。収量:257mg、0.867mmol、98%。LCMS m/z 295.9, 297.9, 300.0 [M+H]+. 1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ
8.63 (dd, J=4.7, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (dd, J=8.2, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (br d, J=8.5
Hz, 2H), 7.46 (br d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (dd, J=8.2, 4.7 Hz, 1H).
化合物C43を、実施例9における9の合成のための一般的な手順に従って、C41と反応させた。この場合、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーの後、得られた黄色のガラス状固体(155mg)をジエチルエーテル(1mL)で処理し、真空で濃縮し、残留物をジエチルエーテル(1mL)およびペンタン(1mL)と混合し、固体が溶液から沈殿するのを停止するまで、追加のペンタンで小分けにして処理した。溶媒を真空で除去し、残留材料を酢酸エチルですすいで生成物とした。減圧下での濃縮により、薄黄色固体(135mg)を提供した。これをペンタン(1.5mL)と混合し、音波処理に3分間にわたって供し、次いで、30分間にわたって静置させた。ピペットによるペンタンの除去後、残留物を真空下で乾燥させて、生成物を略白色固体として得た。収量:115mg、0.327mmol、57%。LCMS m/z 352.2, 354.0 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 8.62 (dd,
J=4.5, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (br d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.4, 1.4 Hz, 1H),
7.44 (br d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (dd, J=8.4, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (dd, ABXパターンの半分, J=12.1, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (dd, ABXパターンの半分,
J=12.1, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.02-4.10 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.86 (m, 1H), 1.39 (d, J=6.6 Hz,
3H), 1.09-1.17 (m, 1H), 0.87-0.94 (m, 1H), 0.78-0.86 (m, 1H), 0.57-0.64 (m,
1H).
データ収集は、Bruker APEX回折計で室温において実施した。データ収集は、オメガおよびファイ走査からなるものであった。データ収集は、非常に長く、結晶は小さく、弱く回折していた。結晶は、非欠面性双晶であることが分かり、そのまま精密化して、積分中にドメインを分離した。
SHELXTL、バージョン5.1、Bruker AXS、1997。
PLATON, A. L. Spek, J. Appl. Cryst. 2003,
36, 7-13.
MERCURY, C. F. Macrae, P. R. Edington, P.
McCabe, E. Pidcock, G. P. Shields, R. Taylor, M. TowlerおよびJ. van de Streek, J. Appl. Cryst. 2006, 39, 453-457.
R. W. Hooftら, J. Appl. Cryst. 2008, 41, 96-103.
H. D. Flack, Acta Cryst. 1983, A39,
867-881.
(7S)−10−(4−クロロフェニル)−8−シクロプロピル−7−メチル−7,8−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン(11)
1−メチルシクロヘキサ−1,4−ジエン(1mL)を、エタノール(4mL)中のC40(255mg、0.884mmol)の溶液に添加し、混合物を50℃に加熱した。パラジウムヒドロキシド炭素(25mg、0.18mmol)を一度に添加し、加熱を70℃で3時間にわたって続けた。反応混合物を珪藻土に通して濾過し、濾過ケーキをエタノールで3回洗浄し、合わせた濾液を真空で濃縮して、生成物を油状物として得た。収量:150mg、推定定量的。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.46-3.57 (m, 3H), 3.19 (dd, J=13.0, 4.5
Hz, 1H), 2.81 (dd, J=13.1, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 2.56-2.64 (m, 1H), 1.33 (d, J=6.5 Hz,
3H), 1.03-1.12 (m, 1H), 0.67-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.55-0.64 (m, 1H).
化合物C44を、実施例9における9の合成のための一般的な手順に従って、C43と反応させ、生成物は、白色固体として得られた。収量:123mg、0.350mmol、39%。LCMS m/z 352.2. 354.1 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 8.63 (dd,
J=4.6, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (br d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (dd, J=8.4, 1.4 Hz, 1H),
7.44 (br d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J=8.4, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (dd, ABXパターンの半分, J=12.1, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (dd, ABXパターンの半分,
J=12.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.02-4.10 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.86 (m, 1H), 1.39 (d, J=6.7 Hz,
3H), 1.09-1.18 (m, 1H), 0.78-0.94 (m, 2H), 0.57-0.65 (m, 1H).
10−(4−クロロフェニル)−2−シクロプロピル−3,4−ジヒドロピラジノ[1,2−a]インドール−1(2H)−オン(12)
エチル1H−インドール−2−カルボキシレート(4.12g、21.8mmol)、1,2−ジブロモエタン(4.51g、24.0mmol)および炭酸カリウム(4.51g、32.6mmol)を、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(100mL)と合わせ、100℃で18時間にわたって加熱した。反応混合物を減圧下で濃縮して、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドを除去し、残留物を水(100mL)で希釈し、酢酸エチル(3×200mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(100mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮し、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中5%から9%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を白色固体として提供した。収量:544mg、1.84mmol、8%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.69 (br d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (br d, AB四重線の半分, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.22 (m, 1H), 4.93 (t,
J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 4.40 (q, J=7 Hz, 2H), 3.70 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.43 (t, J=7.0 Hz,
3H).
アセトニトリル(15mL)中のC45(544mg、1.84mmol)および炭酸カリウム(381mg、2.76mmol)の懸濁液に、シクロプロピルアミン(4.2g、73.6mmol)を添加し、反応容器を密封し、60℃で18時間にわたって、次いで、80℃で4時間にわたって加熱した。溶媒を真空で除去した後、残留物を水(5mL)で希釈し、酢酸エチル(3×10mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(15mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮して、生成物を白色固体として得た。収量:250mg、0.92mmol、50%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.68 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8 Hz,
1H), 7.31-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.16 (dd, J=7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H),
4.38 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.11 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.13-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.42 (t,
J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.40-0.47 (m, 2H), 0.29-0.35 (m, 2H).
メタノール(5mL)中のC46(100mg、0.37mmol)の溶液に、塩化カルシウム(41mg、0.37mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を80℃で2日間にわたって攪拌した。混合物を、100mgのC46に由来する同一の反応混合物と合わせ、真空で濃縮して、残留物を提供し、次いで、これを水で希釈し、ジクロロメタン(3×10mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(10mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮して、生成物をオフホワイトの固体として提供した。収量:160mg、0.707mmol、96%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.66 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.4 Hz,
1H), 7.26-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J=7.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 4.26-4.30
(m, 2H), 3.73-3.77 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.88 (m, 1H), 0.78-0.84 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.76 (m,
2H).
ジクロロメタン(20mL)中のC47(200mg、0.88mmol)の−50℃溶液に、N−ブロモコハク酸イミド(180mg、1.01mmol)を添加した。5分後、混合物を水(10mL)で洗浄し、ジクロロメタン(3×10mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(10mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮して、生成物を白色固体として得た。収量:200mg、0.655mmol、74%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.70 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.42 (m, 1H),
7.28-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.27 (m, 1H, 推定; 溶媒ピークにより一部不明確), 4.22-4.27 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.84 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.87 (m, 1H),
0.94-1.01 (m, 2H), 0.76-0.82 (m, 2H).
1,4−ジオキサン(4mL)および水(0.5mL)中の、C48(100mg、0.33mmol)、(4−クロロフェニル)ボロン酸(52mg、0.33mmol)および炭酸セシウム(210mg、0.644mmol)の混合物を、窒素で2分間にわたって脱気した。ジクロロビス(トリシクロヘキシルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)(36mg、49μmol)を一度に添加し、反応容器を密封し、90℃で18時間にわたって加熱した。反応混合物を濃縮乾固し、残留物を分取薄層クロマトグラフィーによって精製し、逆相HPLC(カラム:Phenomenex Gemini C18、5μm;移動相A:水中アンモニア、pH10;移動相B:アセトニトリル;勾配:50%から70%B)を使用してさらなる精製を行って、生成物を白色固体として提供した。収量:13.5mg、40.1μmol、12%。LCMS m/z 336.9 [M+H]+. 1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.65 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (br d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (br d,
J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.18 (dd, J=7.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.26-4.32 (m,
2H), 3.83-3.89 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.84 (m, 1H), 0.90-0.97 (m, 2H), 0.71-0.78 (m,
2H).
8−シクロプロピル−10−(4−メチルフェニル)ピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(8H)−オン(13)
トルエン(10mL)を、真空排気、続いて、窒素充填を介して脱気した。その後のC1(138mg、0.513mmol)および(4−メチルフェニル)ボロン酸(140mg、1.03mmol)の添加に、それぞれ同じ脱気手順が続いた。フッ化セシウムの水溶液(1.0M、2.56mL、2.56mmol)を導入し、続いて、1,2−ジクロロエタン中のビス[ジ−tert−ブチル(4−ジメチルアミノフェニル)ホスフィン]ジクロロパラジウム(II)(45.3mg、64μmol)の溶液を添加し、反応混合物を100℃で3時間にわたって加熱した。真空での溶媒の除去後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:ヘプタン中30%酢酸エチル)を介する精製により、生成物を黄色固体として得た。収量:137mg、0.489mmol、95%。LCMS m/z 281.2 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 9.81 (br s, 1H), 8.60 (br d,
J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (br d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (br d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (dd,
J=8.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (br d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.33 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (s,
3H), 1.25 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).
粉末無水水酸化カリウム(109mg、1.94mmol)をジメチルスルホキシド(1.0mL)で処理し、室温で5分間にわたって攪拌した。これを、ジメチルスルホキシド(1.0mL)中のC49(136mg、0.485mmol)の溶液に添加し、追加のジメチルスルホキシド(0.5mL)を使用して、完全輸送を達成した。次いで、3−ブロモプロパ−1−エン(82μL、0.97mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を室温で10分間にわたって攪拌したら直ぐに、これを1N塩酸水溶液の添加によって慎重に中和した。得られた混合物を水と酢酸エチルとに分配し、有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮して、生成物を黄色油状物として得た。収量:155mg、0.484mmol、100%。LCMS m/z 321.2 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 8.58 (br d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H),
7.71 (br d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (br d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.22-7.27 (m, 3H),
5.96-6.07 (m, 1H), 5.14-5.19 (m, 3H), 5.01 (d, J=16.6 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (q, J=7.1
Hz, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 1.11 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).
メタノール(5mL)中の、C50(155mg、0.484mmol)、シクロプロピルアミン(98%、0.346mL、4.83mmol)および塩化カルシウム(53.7mg、0.484mmol)の混合物を、50℃で18時間にわたって、次いで、65℃で5時間にわたって圧力ボトル内で加熱した。LCMSにより、主成分は、意図されているアミドではなく、出発材料のメチルエステルであった。反応混合物を室温に冷却し、真空で濃縮した。残留物をエタノール(5mL)および水(6mL)に溶解し、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(12N、80μL、0.96mmol)で処理し、70℃に7時間にわたって加熱した。反応混合物を濃縮乾固し、次いで、エタノール、テトラヒドロフランおよび水(1:1:1、6mL)の混合物中でスラリー化した。水酸化リチウム(58mg、2.4mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を室温で18時間にわたって攪拌させた。減圧下での揮発物の除去後、水性残留物を6N塩酸水溶液で中和し、これをクロロホルムおよび2−プロパノールの3:1混合物で2回抽出し、合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮して、生成物を固体として得た。収量:105mg、0.359mmol、74%。LCMS m/z 293.1 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD),
特徴的ピーク: δ 8.32 (dd, J=4.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (dd, J=8.3, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.52
(br d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J=8.3, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (br d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H),
5.97-6.08 (m, 1H), 2.32 (br s, 3H).
トリエチルアミン(0.249mL、1.80mmol)およびシクロプロピルアミン(0.124mL、1.80mmol)を、酢酸エチル(4mL)中のC51(105mg、0.359mmol)のスラリーに添加し、次いで、これを、2,4,6−トリプロピル−1,3,5,2,4,6−トリオキサトリホスフィナン2,4,6−三酸化物(T3P、酢酸エチル中約50%溶液、0.7mL、1mmol)で処理した。反応混合物を室温で20分間にわたって攪拌させたら直ぐに、これを飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液の添加によってクエンチし、酢酸エチルで2回抽出した。合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、シリカゲルの2分の1インチ層に通して濾過し、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:ヘプタン中40%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を白色固体として提供した。収量:53mg、0.16mmol、45%。LCMS m/z 332.2 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 8.55 (br d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H),
7.71 (br d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (br d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (br d, J=7.8 Hz,
2H), 7.22 (dd, J=8.4, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 5.99-6.10 (m, 1H), 5.86 (br s, 1H),
5.14-5.19 (m, 3H), 5.04 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.69-2.77 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H),
0.69-0.76 (m, 2H), 0.26-0.32 (m, 2H).
四酸化オスミウム(tert−ブタノール中2.5重量パーセント溶液、0.8mL、60μmol)を、アセトン(5mL)および水(5mL)中のC52(53mg、0.16mmol)の溶液に添加し、反応混合物を5分間にわたって攪拌した。過ヨウ素酸ナトリウム(110mg、0.51mmol)を添加し、攪拌を2時間にわたって続けたら直ぐに、チオ硫酸ナトリウム水溶液を添加した。混合物をジクロロメタンと水とに分配し、水性層をジクロロメタンで抽出し、合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。残留物を、ジクロロメタンおよび酢酸エチルで溶離するシリカゲルのプラグに通過させ、溶離液を減圧下で濃縮して、生成物を薄桃色固体として提供し、これを、追加の精製なしに持ち越した。収量:22mg、66μmol、41%。LCMS m/z 334.1 [M+H]+. 1H
NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD), 特徴的ピーク: δ 8.42 (br d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (br d,
J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (br d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (dd, J=8.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.25
(br d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 5.48-5.50 (m, 1H), 4.63 (dd, J=13.1, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.26 (dd,
J=13, 3 Hz, 1H), 2.85-2.91 (m, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H).
ジクロロメタン(2mL)中のC53(22mg、66μmol)の溶液に、粉末分子ふるい、続いて、p−トルエンスルホン酸一水和物(13.1mg、69.0μmol)を添加し、反応混合物を1時間にわたって攪拌させた。次いで、これを、追加のジクロロメタンですすぎながら珪藻土に通して濾過し、合わせた濾液を真空で濃縮した。精製は、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:酢酸エチル、続いて、1:1 酢酸エチル/メタノール)を介して行った。この材料を、ジクロロメタンと飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液とに分配し、減圧下での有機層の濃縮により、生成物を蛍光黄色固体として得た。収量:16mg、51μmol、77%。LCMS m/z 316.3 [M+H]+. 1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.74 (dd, J=4.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (dd, J=8.5, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.72
(br d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (dd, J=8.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (br d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H),
7.22 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.17-3.24 (m, 1H), 2.40 (s,
3H), 1.05-1.11 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.91 (m, 2H).
4−(7−シクロプロピル−8−オキソ−5,6,7,8−テトラヒドロ[1,3]チアゾロ[4’,5’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9−イル)−3−メチルベンゾニトリル(14)
ナトリウムエトキシドの0℃溶液[ナトリウム金属(7.36g、320mmol)およびエタノール(120mL)から調製したもの]に、エタノール(120mL)中の1,3−チアゾール−4−カルバルデヒド(9.13g、80.7mmol)およびアジド酢酸エチル(20.64g、159.8mmol)の溶液を1.5時間かけてゆっくりと添加した。反応混合物を10℃でさらに1時間にわたって攪拌し、−40℃に冷却し、水(100mL)中の塩化アンモニウム(8.4g、160mmol)の溶液で処理した。得られた混合物を氷冷水に注ぎ入れ、沈殿物を、濾過を介して収集して、生成物をオフホワイトの固体として得た。収量:3.94g、17.6mmol、22%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.81 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (br d, J=2.0
Hz, 1H), 7.27 (br s, 1H), 4.38 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.40 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).
キシレン(200mL)中のC54(2.0g、8.9mmol)の溶液を、20分間にわたって加熱還流し、次いで、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中10%から30%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を白色固体として提供した。収量:0.83g、4.2mmol、47%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.40 (br s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 7.34 (s,
1H), 4.40 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.41 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).
化合物C55を、tert−ブチル(2R)−2−(ヒドロキシメチル)ピロリジン−1−カルボキシレートの代わりに2−ブロモエタノールを用いたことを除き、実施例3においてC12の合成について記述されている方法を使用して、生成物に変換した。この場合、クロマトグラフィーは、石油エーテル中5%から16%酢酸エチルの勾配を使用して行った。生成物は、白色固体として単離された。収量:7.0g、23mmol、92%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 4.84 (t, J=6.3
Hz, 2H), 4.35 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.41 (t, J=7.1 Hz,
3H).
化合物C56を、実施例12においてC46の合成について記述されている方法に従って、生成物に変換した。精製は、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中10%から50%酢酸エチル)を介して行って、生成物を無色油状物として得た。収量:6.34g、22.7mmol、99%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 4.59 (t, J=6.3
Hz, 2H), 4.34 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.16 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.12-2.18 (m, 1H),
1.39 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 0.39-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.25-0.30 (m, 2H).
炭酸カリウム(3.13g、22.6mmol)を、メタノール(200mL)中のC57(6.34g、22.7mmol)の溶液に添加し、反応混合物を35℃で18時間にわたって攪拌した。混合物を真空で濃縮した後、残留物をジクロロメタン(3×300mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(300mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中50%から80%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を黄色固体として提供した。収量:3.5g、15mmol、66%。LCMS m/z 233.8 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H),
4.16-4.22 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.84 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.84 (m, 1H), 0.92-0.99 (m, 2H),
0.72-0.78 (m, 2H).
N−ブロモコハク酸イミド(420mg、2.36mmol)を、ジクロロメタン(21mL)中のC58(500mg、2.14mmol)の0℃溶液に添加した。0℃で20分後、反応混合物を水で処理し、層を分離した。有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮して、生成物を薄褐色固体として得た。収量:670mg、2.1mmol、98%。LCMS m/z 312.0, 314.0 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 8.57 (s,
1H), 4.17-4.21 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.83 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.83 (m, 1H), 0.93-0.99 (m,
2H), 0.73-0.79 (m, 2H).
化合物C59を、反応を48時間にわたって進行させたことを除き、実施例13においてC49の合成について記述されている方法を使用して、(4−シアノ−2−メチルフェニル)ボロン酸と反応させた。この場合、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーは、酢酸エチルを溶離液として用いて行い、クロマトグラフィーから単離された材料を、30分間にわたってジエチルエーテル中でスラリー化し、次いで、濾過によって収集して、生成物を固体として得た。収量:3.0mg、8.6μmol、11%。LCMS m/z 349.1 [M+H]+. 1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.54 (s, 1H), 7.57-7.59 (m, 1H), 7.49-7.54 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.29 (m,
2H), 3.84-3.90 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.31 (br s, 3H), 0.88-0.95 (m, 2H),
0.68-0.74 (m, 2H).
10−(4−クロロ−2−フルオロ−5−メトキシフェニル)−8−シクロプロピル−7,8−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン(15)
1,1’−ビナフタレン−2,2’−ジイルビス(ジフェニルホスファン)(BINAP、2.5g、4.0mmol)および酢酸パラジウム(II)(1.0g、4.5mmol)を、トルエン(500mL)中の、1−シクロプロピルピペラジン−2−オン塩酸塩(12.6g、71.3mmol)、2−クロロ−3−ヨードピリジン(20.5g、85.6mmol)および炭酸セシウム(139g、427mmol)の混合物に添加した。窒素で数回脱気した後、反応混合物を、室温で20分間にわたって、次いで、120℃で18時間にわたって攪拌した。混合物を濾過し、濾過ケーキを酢酸エチル(2×200mL)で洗浄し、合わせた濾液を真空で濃縮し、シリカゲル上のクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中50%から100%酢酸エチル)によって精製して、生成物を褐色固体として得た。収量:7.3g、29.0mmol、41%。LCMS m/z 251.9 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD)
δ 8.07 (d, J=4.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58
(d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J=8.0, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 3.46-3.52 (m,
2H), 3.37-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.83 (m, 1H), 0.82-0.89 (m, 2H), 0.73-0.80 (m,
2H).
n−ブチルリチウム(ヘキサン中2.5M、8.4mL、21mmol)を、テトラヒドロフラン(40mL)中のジイソプロピルアミン(2.94mL、21.0mmol)の−78℃溶液に添加した。この混合物を10分間にわたって攪拌した後、テトラヒドロフラン(10mL)中のC60(2.52g、10.0mmol)の溶液を滴下添加し、攪拌を−78℃でさらに10分間にわたって続けた。次いで、ジエチルクロロホスファイト(3.16mL、22.0mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を−78℃に30分間にわたって維持したら直ぐに、これを室温に加温し、クエン酸水溶液(10%溶液、20mL)で処理し、0℃に冷却した。過酸化水素(水中30%、3.4mL、30mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を0℃で10分間にわたって攪拌した。次いで、亜硫酸ナトリウム(3.78g、30mmol)を冷反応混合物に添加し、攪拌を30分間にわたって続けた。混合物を酢酸エチルで2回抽出し、合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:酢酸エチル、続いて、酢酸エチル中5%メタノール)により、淡黄色油状物(3.68g)を得、これは、LCMSおよび1H NMR分析により、意図されている生成物およびそのエノールホスフェートの混合物として割り当てられた。LCMS m/z 388.2および524.2 [M+H]+. 1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3), 特徴的ピーク: δ [8.13 (br dd, J=4.6, 1.6 Hz)および8.06 (dd, J=4.6, 1.7 Hz), 計1H], [7.49 (dd,
J=7.9, 1.8 Hz)および7.39 (br dd, J=7.9, 1.6 Hz), 計1H], [7.21 (br dd, J=7.9, 4.6 Hz)および7.15
(dd, J=7.9, 4.6 Hz), 計1H].この材料を、エノールホスフェートの加水分解のためにC60(総C60:7.81g、31.0mmol)を使用するいくつかの同様の反応の生成物と合わせ、合わせた生成物を、エタノール中で16時間にわたって加熱還流し、次いで、真空で濃縮し、シリカゲル上のクロマトグラフィー(勾配:酢酸エチル中0%から10%メタノール)を介して精製した。単離された材料(11g)は、エノールホスフェートを依然として含有していたため、これをエタノール(30mL)に溶解し、さらに4時間にわたって加熱還流した。減圧下での溶媒の除去後、残留物をヘプタン/酢酸エチルから結晶化して、生成物を白色固体として得た。収量:7.0g、18mmol、58%。LCMS m/z 388.2, 390.2 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 8.13 (dd,
J=4.6, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J=8.0, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (dd, J=7.9, 4.6 Hz, 1H),
4.62 (dd, J=22.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 4.13-4.27 (m, 3H), 3.98-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.45
(m, 3H), 2.79-2.86 (m, 1H), 1.33 (br t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.13 (br t, J=7.1 Hz,
3H), 0.82-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.71-0.78 (m, 1H), 0.63-0.71 (m, 1H).
水酸化リチウム一水和物(16.8mg、0.400mmol)を、テトラヒドロフラン(0.5mL)およびエタノール(50μL)中の4−クロロ−2−フルオロ−5−メトキシベンズアルデヒド(20.7mg、0.110mmol)およびC61(38.8mg、0.100mmol)の混合物に添加した。反応混合物を室温で5時間にわたって攪拌した後、これを飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で希釈し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。合わせた有機層を真空で濃縮して、生成物を得た。収量:34mg、80μmol、80%。LCMS m/z 422.1, 424.1, 426.0 [M+H]+.
N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(0.5mL)中の、C62(42.2mg、99.9μmol)、ジクロロビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)(7.0mg、10μmol)およびN,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(87μL、0.50mmol)の混合物を、120℃で16時間にわたって攪拌し、次いで、真空で濃縮した。逆相HPLC(カラム:Waters XBridge C18、5μm;移動相A:水中0.03%水酸化アンモニウム(v/v);移動相B:アセトニトリル中0.03%水酸化アンモニウム(v/v);勾配:30%から100%B)を介する精製により、生成物を得た。収量:9.5mg、25μmol、25%。LCMS m/z 386.2, 388.1 [M+H]+.
1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.46 (dd, J=4.3, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (dd, J=8.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.43
(d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J=8.4, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.40
(br s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.81 (br s, 2H), 2.81-2.87 (m, 1H), 0.70-0.82 (m,
4H).
4−(8−シクロプロピル−9−オキソ−3,4,6,7,8,9−ヘキサヒドロ−2H−ピラノ[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−10−イル)−2−フルオロ−5−メチルベンゾニトリル(16)
4−ブロモ−2−フルオロ−5−メチルベンゾニトリルを、実施例4aにおいてC16の合成について記述されている方法に従って、生成物に変換した。生成物は、白色固体として得られた。収量:281mg、1.08mmol、45%。GCMS m/z 261 [M+]. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 7.56 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.38
(br d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 2.51 (br s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 12H).
水酸化カリウム(11.2g、200mmol)を、ジメチルスルホキシド(40mL)中のメチル1H−ピロール−2−カルボキシレート(5.0g、40mmol)の溶液に一度に添加し、混合物を1.25時間にわたって攪拌し、この時点で、水酸化カリウムのおよそ半分が溶解していた。反応混合物を0℃に溶解し、1,2−ジブロモエタン(37.5g、200mmol)を3〜5分間かけてシリンジを介して添加した。冷却浴を除去し、反応混合物を室温に加温させ、18時間にわたって攪拌させた。次いで、これをジエチルエーテル(150mL)と水(100mL)とに分配し、有機層を半飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で2回洗浄し、飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で1回洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:ヘプタン中0%から60%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を無色油状物として得た。収量:7.05g、30.4mmol、76%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.00 (dd, J=4.0, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (br dd,
J=2.6, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.16 (dd, J=4.0, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.83
(s, 3H), 3.69 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H).
化合物C64を、実施例2においてC7の合成について記述されている方法を使用して、生成物に変換した。生成物は、薄黄色油状物として得られた。収量:6.30g、30.2mmol、99%。LCMS m/z 209.2 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 6.97 (dd, J=4.0, 1.8 Hz, 1H),
6.89-6.91 (m, 1H), 6.14 (dd, J=4.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.82
(s, 3H), 3.07 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.10-2.16 (m, 1H), 0.42-0.47 (m, 2H),
0.31-0.36 (m, 2H).
化合物C65を、実施例2においてC8の合成について記述されている方法を使用して、生成物に変換した。生成物は、白色固体として得られた。収量:3.23g、18.3mmol、61%。LCMS m/z 177.1 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 6.93 (dd, J=3.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H),
6.70 (dd, J=2.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.21 (dd, J=3.8, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.06-4.11 (m, 2H),
3.66-3.70 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.78 (m, 1H), 0.87-0.93 (m, 2H), 0.68-0.73 (m, 2H).
オキシ塩化リン(1.43mL、15.6mmol)を、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(98%、1.23mL、15.5mmol)および1,2−ジクロロエタン(15mL)の0℃混合物に滴下添加した。20分後、1,2−ジクロロエタン(10mL)中のC66(2.49g、14.1mmol)の溶液を、シリンジを介して添加し、反応混合物を3.5時間にわたって加熱還流した。水を反応混合物に添加し、次いで、これを、1M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液および少量の飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で9のpHに調整した。水性層をジクロロメタンで2回抽出し、合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:ヘプタン中0%から100%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を白色固体として提供した。収量:1.18g、5.78mmol、41%。LCMS m/z 205.1 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 9.67 (s, 1H), 6.95 (AB四重線, 高磁場側の半分は広幅化している, JAB=4.2 Hz, ΔνAB=6.4
Hz, 2H), 4.57-4.61 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.73 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.83 (m, 1H), 0.91-0.97 (m,
2H), 0.72-0.77 (m, 2H).
メチル(ジメトキシホスホリル)アセテート(98%、1.05mL、7.14mmol)を、テトラヒドロフラン(15mL)中の水素化ナトリウム(鉱油中60%、285mg、7.13mmol)の0℃懸濁液に、3〜4分間かけて滴下添加した。追加のテトラヒドロフラン(10mL)を添加して攪拌を容易にし、反応混合物を30分間にわたって攪拌したら直ぐに、テトラヒドロフラン(5mL)中のC67(1.12g、5.47mmol)の溶液を添加した。反応混合物を室温に加温させ、18時間にわたって攪拌させた。真空での溶媒の除去後、残留物を水とジクロロメタンとに分配した。水性層をジクロロメタンで2回抽出し、合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。シリカゲル上のクロマトグラフィー(勾配:ジクロロメタン中0%から4%メタノール)により、生成物を白色固体として提供した。収量:1.21g、4.65mmol、85%。LCMS m/z 261.2 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 7.51 (br d, J=15.7 Hz, 1H),
6.97 (dd, J=4.2, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J=15.7 Hz, 1H),
4.12-4.16 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.71-3.75 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.80 (m, 1H),
0.90-0.96 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.75 (m, 2H).
化合物C68を、実施例11においてC44の合成について記述されている方法に従って、生成物に変換した。生成物は、灰色固体として得られ、その一部を、さらに精製することなく後続のステップに持ち込んだ。
化合物C69を、実施例1においてC1の合成について記述されている方法を使用して、生成物に変換した。生成物は、白色固体として得られた。収量:618mg、1.81mmol、79%。LCMS m/z 341.0, 343.0 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 6.91 (s,
1H), 4.06-4.11 (m, 2H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 2H), 2.90 (dd, J=7.2, 7.1
Hz, 2H), 2.17-2.77 (m, 1H), 2.64 (dd, J=7.3, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.87-0.93 (m, 2H),
0.67-0.72 (m, 2H).
テトラヒドロフラン中の水素化ホウ素リチウムの溶液(2M、1.12mL、2.24mmol)を、テトラヒドロフラン(6mL)中のC70(586mg、1.72mmol)の溶液に添加した。反応混合物を2時間にわたって還流状態まで加熱し、室温で18時間にわたって攪拌し、次いで、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液でクエンチした。混合物を酢酸エチルで3回抽出し、合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:塩化メチレン中0%から4%メタノール)により、生成物を白色固体として得た。収量:429mg、1.37mmol、80%。LCMS m/z 313.1, 315.0 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 6.92 (s,
1H), 3.99-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.68 (m, 4H), 2.70-2.78 (m, 3H), 1.76-1.84 (m,
2H), 1.51 (br t, J=5 Hz, 1H), 0.87-0.93 (m, 2H), 0.67-0.72 (m, 2H).
カリウム2−メチルブタン−2−オレートの溶液(トルエン中約1.7M、0.44mL、0.75mmol)を、テトラヒドロフラン(2mL)中のC71(79mg、0.25mmol)およびジクロロ(1,10−フェナントロリン)銅(II)(9mg、0.03mmol)の混合物に、シリンジを介して添加した。アルゴンを2分間にわたって溶液に通して発泡させたら直ぐに、反応混合物を、マイクロ波反応器内、100℃で18時間にわたって加熱した。次いで、これを水および酢酸エチルで希釈し、水性層を酢酸エチルで2回抽出した。合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:ヘプタン中0%から100%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を得た。収量:17mg、73μmol、29%。LCMS m/z 233.2 [M+H]+. 1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.46 (s, 1H), 4.06-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.87
(m, 2H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.60 (dd, J=6.5, 6.5 Hz, 2H),
1.99-2.06 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.70 (m, 2H).
N−ブロモコハク酸イミド(13mg、73μmol)を、ジクロロメタン(1mL)中のC72(17mg、73μmol)の0℃溶液に添加し、反応混合物を0℃で15分間にわたって攪拌した。次いで、これを0.5M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、真空で濃縮して、生成物を黄色油状物として得た。収量:22mg、71μmol、97%。LCMS m/z 311.1, 313.0 [M+H]+.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.13-4.17 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.62-3.67 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.74
(m, 1H), 2.61 (dd, J=6.5, 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.02-2.08 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.91 (m, 2H),
0.66-0.71 (m, 2H).
水(0.40mL)中のフッ化セシウム(53mg、0.35mmol)の溶液を、トルエン(2mL)中のC63(42.3mg、0.162mmol)およびC73(36mg、0.12mmol)の混合物に添加し、次いで、ビス[ジ−tert−ブチル(4ジメチルアミノフェニル)ホスフィン]ジクロロパラジウム(II)(8.5mg、12μmol)を添加した。反応フラスコを排気し、窒素で3回充填したら直ぐに、反応混合物を80℃で18時間にわたって加熱した。溶媒を真空で除去し、残留物を水とジクロロメタンとに分配した。水性層をジクロロメタンで2回抽出し、合わせた有機層を減圧下で濃縮した。逆相HPLC(カラム:Waters Sunfire C18、5μm;移動相A:水中0.05%トリフルオロ酢酸(v/v);移動相B:アセトニトリル中0.05%トリフルオロ酢酸(v/v);勾配:30%から100%B)を介する精製により、生成物を得た。収量:17mg、46μmol、38%。LCMS m/z 366.2 [M+H]+. 1H
NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.70 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 3.98-4.01 (m, 2H),
3.94 (dd, J=5.8, 5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.56-3.64 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.67 (m, 3H), 2.15 (s,
3H), 1.92-1.97 (m, 2H), 0.67-0.71 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.60 (m, 2H).
調製P1
10−ブロモ−8−シクロプロピルピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(8H)−オン(P1)
化合物C1を、実施例13においてC50の合成について記述されている方法を使用して、生成物に変換した。LCMS分析を介して反応が完了したと判断されたら、水を添加し、反応混合物を酢酸エチルで3回抽出した。合わせた有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中3%から15%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を白色固体として得た。収量:2.7g、8.7mmol、79%。LCMS m/z 308.9 [M+H]+.
水酸化リチウム(0.42g、17.5mmol)を、テトラヒドロフラン、エタノールおよび水の混合物(1:1:1比、45mL)中のC74(2.7g、8.7mmol)の溶液に添加し、反応混合物を室温で2時間にわたって攪拌した。真空での溶媒の除去により、生成物を黄色固体として得、これを、追加の精製なしに使用した。収量:1.7g、6.0mmol、69%。
化合物C75を、反応を24時間にわたって進行させたことを除き、実施例13においてC52の合成について記述されている方法を使用して、生成物に変換した。生成物は、灰色固体として得られた。収量:2.81g、8.78mmol、80%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.63 (dd, J=4.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (dd,
J=8.4, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (dd, J=8.4, 4.4 Hz, 1H, 推定; 溶媒ピークにより一部不明確), 6.95 (br s, 1H), 5.94-6.05 (m, 1H), 5.21 (br d, J=5.1 Hz, 2H),
5.15 (br d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (br d, J=17.1 Hz, 1H), 2.92-3.00 (m, 1H),
0.91-0.98 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.76 (m, 2H).
化合物C76を、実施例13においてC53の合成について記述されている方法を使用して、生成物に変換した。生成物は、白色固体として得られた。収量:3.4g、11mmol、69%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.52 (dd, J=4.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (dd,
J=8.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J=8.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H),
5.32-5.37 (m, 1H), 4.58 (dd, J=13.0, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (dd, J=12.9, 2.5 Hz,
1H), 2.80-2.87 (m, 1H), 0.90-0.98 (m, 1H), 0.70-0.80 (m, 3H).
ジクロロメタン(30mL)中のC77(1.0g、3.1mmol)の溶液に、p−トルエンスルホン酸一水和物(619mg、3.25mmol)および4Å分子ふるい(7.9g)を添加し、反応混合物を室温で攪拌した。18時間後、これを珪藻土に通して濾過し、フィルターパッドをジクロロメタンで洗浄し、合わせた濾液を飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液および飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で順次に洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(勾配:石油エーテル中10%から50%酢酸エチル)により、生成物を黄色固体として得た。収量:0.56g、1.8mmol、58%。LCMS m/z 304.1 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 8.79 (br d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H),
7.95 (br d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (dd, J=8.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=6.2 Hz,
1H), 6.57 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.18-3.26 (m, 1H), 1.10-1.17 (m, 2H), 0.90-0.96
(m, 2H).
鈴木反応を介する8−シクロプロピル−10−(置換フェニル)−7,8−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オンの合成
ヒトPDE4A3コード配列(受託番号NP_001104779を持つ配列からの配列2から825)を、精製を補助するためのN末端His6親和性タグおよびc末端FLAG親和性タグを包含するように操作されたバキュロウイルス発現ベクターpFastBac(Invitrogen)にクローン化した。組換えバクミドを単離し、昆虫細胞をトランスフェクトしてウイルスストックを生成するために使用した。精製用の細胞ペーストを生成するために、昆虫細胞をウイルスストックに感染させ、感染72時間後に細胞を採取した。昆虫細胞ペーストを溶解し、遠心分離後、上清をNi−NTAアガロース(GE Healthcare)とバッチ結合(batch bound)させ、250mMのイミダゾールで溶離した。この溶離物をFLAG緩衝液(50mMのトリスHCL pH7.5、100mMのNaCl、5%グリセロール、1mMのTCEPにプロテアーゼ阻害剤を加えたもの)で希釈し、抗FLAG M2アガロース(Sigma)と4℃で終夜バッチ結合させた。アガロースをカラムに詰め、緩衝液で洗浄し、溶離物(elute)を含有する緩衝液で、250ug/mlのFlagペプチドを使用して溶離した。SDS−PAGEクマシーブルー染色を使用して画分を分析し、純度に基づいてプールした。プールした画分を、50mMのトリスHCL pH7.5、150mMのNaCl、10%グリセロール、2mMのTCEPにプロテアーゼ阻害剤を加えたもの中、S200 120mlカラム(GE Healthcare)でクロマトグラフした。PDE4A3画分を、SDS−PAGEクマシーブルー染色によって分析し、純度に基づいてプールし、50mMのトリスHCL pH7.5、100mMのNaCl、20%グリセロール、2mMのTCEPに対して透析し、凍結させ、−80℃で貯蔵した。
Claims (25)
- 式Iの化合物:
環Aは、縮合(4〜8員)酸素含有ヘテロシクロアルキル環、縮合フェニル環または縮合(5〜8員)窒素含有ヘテロアリール環であり、化学的に容認できる場合、前記縮合(4〜8員)酸素含有ヘテロシクロアルキル環、前記縮合フェニル環および前記縮合(5〜8員)窒素含有ヘテロアリール環は、1から6個のR8で置換されていてもよく、
R1は、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(4〜10員)−ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C6〜C10)アリールおよび(5〜14員)ヘテロアリールからなる群から選択され、化学的に容認できる場合、前記(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(4〜10員)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C6〜C10)アリールおよび(5〜14員)ヘテロアリール部分は、1から6個のR9で置換されていてもよく、
R2は、水素、(C1〜C6)アルキル、(C2〜C6)アルケニル、(C2〜C6)アルキニル、(C1〜C15)アルキル−OR5、−C(=O)−R5、−C(=O)−OR5、−C(=O)−N(R5)(R6)、−(SO2)R5、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(4〜10員)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C6〜C10)アリールおよび(5〜14員)ヘテロアリールからなる群から選択され、化学的に容認できる場合、前記(C1〜C6)アルキル、(C2〜C6)アルケニル、(C2〜C6)アルキニル、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(4〜10員)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C6〜C10)アリールおよび(5〜14員)ヘテロアリールは、1から6個のR8で置換されていてもよく、
R3aは、化学的に容認できる場合、水素、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、N(R5)(R6)、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルチオ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキル、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシおよび置換されていてもよい(C3〜C8)シクロアルキルからなる群から選択されるか、または
R2およびR3aは、それらが結合した窒素および炭素原子と一緒になって、(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキル環を形成し、化学的に容認できる場合、前記(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキル環は、1から6個のR8で置換されていてもよく、
存在する場合、R3bは、水素、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、N(R5)(R6)、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルチオ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキル、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシおよび置換されていてもよい(C3〜C8)シクロアルキルからなる群から選択されるか、または
R3aおよびR3bは、それらが結合した炭素原子と一緒になって、(C3〜C6)シクロアルキルもしくは(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキルを形成し、化学的に容認できる場合、前記(C3〜C6)シクロアルキルもしくは(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキルは、化学的に容認できる場合、1から6個のR8で置換されていてもよく、
R4aは、化学的に容認できる場合、水素、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、N(R5)(R6)、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルチオ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルおよび置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシからなる群から選択され、
存在する場合、R4bは、水素、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、N(R5)(R6)、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルチオ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルおよび置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシからなる群から選択されるか、または
R4aおよびR4bは、それらが結合した炭素原子と一緒になって、(C3〜C6)シクロアルキルもしくは(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキルを形成し、化学的に容認できる場合、前記(C3〜C6)シクロアルキルもしくは(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキルは、1から6個のR8で置換されていてもよく、
R5およびR6は、各出現において、水素および(C1〜C6)アルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択され、
R7は、(C1〜C6)アルキルであり、
存在する場合、R8は、各出現において、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、N(R5)(R6)、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルチオ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルおよび置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシからなる群から独立して選択され、
存在する場合、R9は、各出現において、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキル、置換されていてもよい(C2〜C6)アルケニル、置換されていてもよい(C2〜C6)アルキニル、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキルチオ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシ、−N(R5)(R6)、−N(R5)(C(O)R6)、−C(=O)、−C(=O)−R5、−C(=O)−OR5、−(SO2)R7および−S(=O2)N(R5)(R6)からなる群から独立して選択され、
−−−−−−−は、存在しない(単結合を形成する)または結合(二重結合を形成する)であり、
nは、0または1から選択される整数であり、但し、−−−−−−が存在して二重結合を形成する場合、nは0であり、−−−−−−が存在しないで単結合を形成する場合、nは1である]。 - 環Aが、
i)それぞれが1から3個のR8で置換されていてもよい、オキセタニル、ジヒドロフラニル、テトラヒドロフラニルおよびテトラヒドロピラニルからなる群から選択される、縮合(4〜6員)酸素含有ヘテロシクロアルキル環、
ii)1から3個のR8で置換されていてもよい、縮合フェニル環、または
iii)それぞれが1から3個のR8で置換されていてもよい、ピリジニル、ピラジニル、ピリミジニル、ピリダジニル、トリアゾリル、イミダゾリル、イソオキサゾリル、イソチアゾリル、1,2,3−オキサジアゾリル、1,2,4−オキサジアゾリル、1,2,5−オキサジアゾリル、1,3,4−オキサジアゾリル、オキサゾリル、チアゾリル、イソチアゾリルおよびピラゾリルからなる群から選択される、縮合(5〜6員)窒素含有ヘテロアリール環
である、請求項1に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。 - 環Aが、縮合(4〜6員)酸素含有ヘテロシクロアルキル環であり、前記ヘテロシクロアルキル環は、1から3個のR8で置換されていてもよいテトラヒドロピラニルである、請求項2に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- 環Aが、それぞれが1から3個のR8で置換されていてもよい、ピリジニル環、ピリミジニル環、ピラジニルおよびチアゾリル環からなる群から選択される、縮合(5〜6員)窒素含有ヘテロアリール環である、請求項2に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- 各R8が、ハロゲン、(C1〜C6)アルキルおよび(C1〜C6)アルコキシからなる群から独立して選択され、前記アルキルおよびアルコキシは、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、−C(=O)−R5および−N(R5)(R6)からなる群から選択される1から3個の置換基でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- R1が、
i)それぞれが1から3個のR9で置換されていてもよい、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘキセニル、シクロヘキサジエニルおよびシクロペンテニルからなる群から選択される、(C3〜C6)シクロアルキル、
ii)それぞれが1から3個のR9で置換されていてもよい、アゼチジニル、ジヒドロフラニル、ジヒドロチオフェニル、テトラヒドロチオフェニル、テトラヒドロフラニル、テトラヒドロトリアジニル、テトラヒドロピラゾリル、テトラヒドロオキサジニル、テトラヒドロピリミジニル、オクタヒドロベンゾフラニル、オクタヒドロベンズイミダゾリル、オクタヒドロベンゾチアゾリル、イミダゾリジニル、ピロリジニル、ピペリジニル、ピペラジニル、オキサゾリジニル、チアゾリジニル、ピラゾリジニル、チオモルホリニル、テトラヒドロピラニル、テトラヒドロチアジニル、テトラヒドロチアジアジニル、テトラヒドロ−オキサゾリル、モルホリニル、オキセタニル、テトラヒドロジアジニル、オキサジニル、オキサチアジニル、キヌクリジニル、クロマニル、イソクロマニル、ジヒドロベンゾジオキシニル、ベンゾジオキソリル、ベンゾオキサジニル、インドリニル、ジヒドロベンゾフラニル、テトラヒドロキノリル、イソクロミル、ジヒドロ−1H−イソインドリル、2−アザビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプタノニル、3−アザビシクロ[3.1.0]ヘキサニル、3−アザビシクロ[4.1.0]ヘプタニル、テトラヒドロフラン−2−イル、テトラヒドロフラン−3−イル、イミダゾリジン−1−イル、イミダゾリジン−2−イル、イミダゾリジン−4−イル、ピロリジン−1−イル、ピロリジン−2−イル、ピロリジン−3−イル、ピペリジン−1−イル、ピペリジン−2−イル、ピペリジン−3−イル、ピペリジン−4−イル、ピペラジン−1−イル、ピペラジン−2−イル、1,3−オキサゾリジン−3−イル、1,4−オキサゼパン−1−イル、イソチアゾリジニル、1,3−チアゾリジン−3−イル、1,2−ピラゾリジン−2−イル、1,2−テトラヒドロチアジン−2−イル、1,3−チアジナン−3−イル、1,2−テトラヒドロジアジン−2−イル、1,3−テトラヒドロジアジン−1−イル、1,4−オキサジン−4−イル、オキサゾリジノニル、2−オキソ−ピペリジニルからなる群から選択される、置換されている(4〜10員)ヘテロシクロアルキル、
iii)それぞれが1から3個のR9で置換されていてもよい、フェニルまたはナフチルから選択される、(C6〜C10)アリール、ならびに
iv)それぞれが1から3個のR9で置換されていてもよい、ピリジニル、ピラジニル、ピリミジニル、ピリダジニル、トリアゾリル、イミダゾリル、フラニル、イソオキサゾリル、イソチアゾリル、1,2,3−、1,2,4、1,2,5−、1,3,4−オキサジアゾリル、オキサゾリル、チオフェニル、チアゾリル、イソチアゾリル、ピラゾリル、インドリル、インダゾリル、ベンゾフラニル、ベンズイミダゾリル、ベンゾチエニル、ベンゾオキサジアゾリル、ベンゾチアゾリル、イソベンゾチオフラニル、ベンゾチオフラニル、ベンズイソオキサゾリル、ベンゾオキサゾリル、ベンゾジオキソリル、フラノピリジニル、プリニル、イミダゾピリジニル、イミダゾピリミジニル、ピロロピリジニル、ピラゾロピリジニル、ピラゾロピリミジニル、チエノピリジニル、トリアゾロピリミジニル、トリアゾロピリジニル、アントラニリル、キノリニル、イソキノリニル、シンノリニル、キナゾリニル、オキソクロマニルおよび1,4−ベンゾオキサジニルからなる群から選択される、(5〜14員)ヘテロアリール
からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。 - R1が、(C6〜C10)アリールであり、前記アリールは、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキル、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシ、−N(R5)(R6)、−(SO2)R7および−S(=O2)N(R5)(R6)からなる群から独立して選択される1から3個のR9で置換されていてもよいフェニルであり、ここで、R5およびR6は、各出現において、水素および(C1〜C6)アルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択され、R7は、(C1〜C6)アルキルである、請求項6に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- R1が、(5〜14員)ヘテロアリールであり、前記ヘテロアリールは、オキサゾリル、ピラゾリル、チオフェニル、チアゾリル、トリアゾリル、ピリジニル、ピリミジニル、トリアゾロピリジニルおよびフロピリジニルからなる群から選択され、そのそれぞれは、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルキル、置換されていてもよい(C1〜C6)アルコキシ、−N(R5)(R6)、−(SO2)R7および−S(=O2)N(R5)(R6)からなる群から独立して選択される1から3個のR9で置換されていてもよく、ここで、R5およびR6は、各出現において、水素および(C1〜C6)アルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択され、R7は、(C1〜C6)アルキルである、請求項6に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- 各R9が、フルオロ、クロロ、シアノ、(C1〜C6)アルキルまたは(C1〜C6)アルコキシから独立して選択され、前記アルキルおよびアルコキシは、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、−C(=O)−R5および−N(R5)(R6)からなる群から選択される1から3個の置換基でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、請求項6から8のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- R9が、
i)メチル、エチルまたはプロピルから選択される(C1〜C6)アルキルであって、前記メチル、エチルおよびプロピルが、1から3個のフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい、(C1〜C6)アルキル、ならびに
ii)メトキシ、エトキシまたはプロポキシから選択される(C1〜C6)アルコキシであって、前記メトキシ、エトキシおよびプロポキシが、1から3個のフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい、(C1〜C6)アルコキシ
から選択される、請求項9に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。 - R2が、水素、(C1〜C6)アルキル、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキルおよび(5〜6員)ヘテロアリールからなる群から選択され、ここで、前記(C1〜C6)アルキル、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキルおよび(5〜6員)ヘテロアリールは、ハロゲン、シアノ、(C1〜C6)アルキルおよび(C1〜C6)アルコキシからなる群から独立して選択される1から3個のR8で置換されていてもよく、前記アルキルおよびアルコキシは、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、−C(=O)−R5および−N(R5)(R6)からなる群から選択される1から3個の置換基でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- R2が、水素である、請求項11に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- R2が、メチル、エチルまたはプロピルから選択される(C1〜C6)アルキルであり、そのそれぞれは、ハロゲン、シアノ、(C1〜C6)アルキルおよび(C1〜C6)アルコキシからなる群から独立して選択される1から3個のR8で置換されていてもよく、ここで、前記アルキルおよびアルコキシは、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、−C(=O)−R5および−N(R5)(R6)からなる群から選択される1から3個の置換基でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、請求項11に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- R2が、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロペンチルまたはシクロオクチルから選択される(C3〜C8)シクロアルキルであり、そのそれぞれは、ハロゲン、シアノ、(C1〜C6)アルキルおよび(C1〜C6)アルコキシからなる群から独立して選択される1から3個のR8で置換されていてもよく、ここで、前記アルキルおよびアルコキシは、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、−C(=O)−R5および−N(R5)(R6)からなる群から選択される1から3個の置換基でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、請求項11に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- R2が、シクロプロピルである、請求項14に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- R2が、(5〜6員)ヘテロアリールであり、前記ヘテロアリールが、オキサゾリル、ピラゾリル、チオフェニル、チアゾリル、トリアゾリル、ピリジニルおよびピリミジニルからなる群から選択され、そのそれぞれは、ハロゲン、シアノ、(C1〜C6)アルキルおよび(C1〜C6)アルコキシからなる群から独立して選択される1から3個のR8で置換されていてもよく、前記アルキルおよびアルコキシは、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、−C(=O)−R5および−N(R5)(R6)からなる群から選択される1から3個の置換基でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、請求項11に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- R3aおよびR4aが、化学的に容認できる場合、水素、ハロゲン、(C1〜C6)アルキル、(C1〜C6)アルコキシおよび(C3〜C8)シクロアルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択され、前記アルキル、アルコキシおよびシクロアルキルは、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、−C(=O)−R5および−N(R5)(R6)からなる群から選択される1から3個の置換基でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- R2およびR3aが、それらが結合した窒素および炭素原子と一緒になって、それぞれが1から3個のR8で置換されていてもよい、アゼチジニル、ピロリジニルおよびモルホリニルからなる群から選択される(4〜6員)ヘテロシクロアルキル環を形成する、請求項1から17のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- R3bおよびR4bが、化学的に容認できる場合、水素、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、−SF5、ニトロ、(C1〜C6)アルキル、(C1〜C6)アルコキシおよび(C3〜C8)シクロアルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択され、ここで、前記(C1〜C6)アルキル、(C1〜C6)アルコキシおよび(C3〜C8)シクロアルキルは、1から3個のR8で置換されていてもよい、請求項1から18のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- 10−(4−クロロ−2−フルオロフェニル)−8−シクロプロピル−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン;
4−(7−シクロプロピル−8−オキソ−5,6,7,8−テトラヒドロ[1,3]チアゾロ[4’,5’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9−イル)−3−メチルベンゾニトリル;
(6aS)−12−(4−クロロフェニル)−6a,7,8,9−テトラヒドロ−6H,11H−ピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピロロ[1,2−d]ピラジン−11−オン;
10−(4−クロロフェニル)−7,8−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン;
4−(8−シクロプロピル−9−オキソ−6,7,8,9−テトラヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−10−イル)−3−フルオロベンゾニトリル;
8−シクロプロピル−10−(4−フルオロ−2−メチルフェニル)−7,8ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン;
8−シクロプロピル−10−(6−メトキシピリジン−3−イル)−7,8−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン;
(7S)−10−(4−クロロフェニル)−8−シクロプロピル−7−メチル−7,8−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン;
4−(8−シクロプロピル−9−オキソ−6,7,8,9−テトラヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−10−イル)−3−メチルベンゾニトリル;
5−(8−シクロプロピル−9−オキソ−6,7,8,9−テトラヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−10−イル)ピリジン−2−カルボニトリル;および
10−(4−クロロ−2−メチルフェニル)−8−シクロプロピル−7,8−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン;
からなる群から選択される化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。 - 4−(7−シクロプロピル−8−オキソ−5,6,7,8−テトラヒドロ[1,3]チアゾロ[4’,5’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9−イル)−3−メチルベンゾニトリル、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- 4−(8−シクロプロピル−9−オキソ−6,7,8,9−テトラヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−10−イル)−3−フルオロベンゾニトリル、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- (7S)−10−(4−クロロフェニル)−8−シクロプロピル−7−メチル−7,8−ジヒドロピリド[2’,3’:4,5]ピロロ[1,2−a]ピラジン−9(6H)−オン、または薬学的に許容できるその塩。
- PDE4Bアイソフォームによって媒介される疾患または状態に罹患している患者を治療する方法であって、前記治療を必要とする前記患者に、治療有効量の、請求項1から23のいずれか一項に記載の式Iの化合物または薬学的に許容できるその塩を投与するステップを含み、ここで、前記疾患または状態が、統合失調症、うつ病、不安神経症、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、多発性硬化症、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、炎症、脳卒中、喘息、脳血管疾患およびアレルギー性結膜炎からなる群から選択される、方法。
- 請求項1から23のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、または薬学的に許容できるその塩と、薬学的に許容できる添加剤とを含む、医薬組成物。
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