JP2016028883A - 表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体の製造方法 - Google Patents
表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2016028883A JP2016028883A JP2015121841A JP2015121841A JP2016028883A JP 2016028883 A JP2016028883 A JP 2016028883A JP 2015121841 A JP2015121841 A JP 2015121841A JP 2015121841 A JP2015121841 A JP 2015121841A JP 2016028883 A JP2016028883 A JP 2016028883A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- particles
- molded body
- peak
- foamed
- skin material
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1には、貫通孔を有する筒状の発泡粒子を使用することにより、スチームを隅々まで行き渡らせて、発泡粒子間の融着性に優れた表皮付発泡粒子成形体を得ることが記載されている。
また特許文献2には、表皮付ポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子成形体を製造するに際して、中空成形体内に充填する発泡粒子として、発泡芯層と被覆層とからなり、かつ被覆層を構成する樹脂を発泡芯層を構成する樹脂の融点よりも低い樹脂で構成された発泡粒子を用いることにより、発泡粒子同士が相互に融着してなる発泡粒子成形体と中空成形体の内壁部とが融着した表皮付ポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子成形体を得ることが記載されている。
[1]熱可塑性樹脂中空成形体の中空部にポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を充填し、該中空成形体内に挿入された加熱媒体供給用ピンから加熱媒体を供給して発泡粒子を加熱することにより発泡粒子を相互に融着させて、中空成形体からなる表皮材で被覆された発泡粒子成形体を製造する方法において、
該発泡粒子は、融点140〜155℃のポリプロピレン系樹脂から形成されており、且つ、
該発泡粒子を構成しているポリプロピレン系樹脂は、該発泡粒子を10℃/分の昇温速度で23℃から200℃まで加熱して得られるDSC曲線において、該ポリプロピレン系樹脂に固有の融解ピーク(固有ピーク)と、固有ピークよりも高温側に1以上の融解ピーク(高温ピーク)とが現れる結晶構造を有すると共に、
該DSC曲線において、全融解熱量が75J/gを超え、全融解熱量に対する高温ピークの融解熱量の比が0.20〜0.30であり、高温ピークの頂点温度以上の部分の融解熱量が6J/g以上である
ことを特徴とする表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体の製造方法。
[2]前記熱可塑性樹脂中空成形体がブロー成形体であり、軟化状態の中空成形体の中空部にポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を充填することを特徴とする前記1に記載の表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体の製造方法。
[3]前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子のかさ密度が20〜60kg/m3であることを特徴とする前記1又は2に記載の表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体の製造方法。
[4]前記熱可塑性樹脂中空成形体がポリプロピレン系樹脂から形成されていることを特徴とする前記1〜3のいずれかに記載の表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体の製造方法。
本発明の製造方法においては、表皮材としての熱可塑性樹脂中空成形体内で発泡粒子を成形することにより、即ち、該中空成形体の中空部にポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を充填し、中空成形体内に挿入した加熱媒体供給用ピンから加熱媒体を供給して発泡粒子を加熱して発泡粒子を相互に融着させることにより、表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体が製造される。このようにして得られる表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体は、ポリプロピレン系樹発泡粒子成形体(以下、単に発泡粒子成形体ともいう。)が表皮材で被覆されたものである。
このような結晶構造を有するポリプロピレン系樹脂からなる発泡粒子を用いることにより、発泡粒子群の内方の限られた位置から高圧のスチームを供給した場合であっても、発泡粒子の過発泡を抑制することができるため、スチームを発泡粒子群全体に行き渡らせることができ、かつ発泡粒子相互が融着可能であるため、表皮被覆発泡成形体全体に亘って融着率が高いものが得られる。
一方、該比ΔH2/ΔHtが大きすぎると、二次発泡性が低下しすぎて発泡粒子同士の融着性が低下する。かかる観点から、該比ΔH2/ΔHtの下限は0.21が好ましい。一方、該比の上限は0.28が好ましい。
さらに、中空成形体をブロー成形により製造する場合、軟化状態にある中空成形体の中空部に発泡粒子を充填して加熱融着させる際に、融解熱量(ΔHh)が上記範囲であると、発泡粒子充填時に、中空成形体の熱によって発泡粒子が過発泡してしまうことを抑制するこができる。
該発泡粒子の製造方法として、好ましくは分散媒放出発泡方法が挙げられる。分散媒放出発泡方法によれば、前記高温ピークの生成、高温ピーク熱量の制御を容易に行なうことができる。
分散媒放出発泡方法においては、例えば前記樹脂粒子を耐圧容器(例えば、オートクレーブ)内で水などの分散媒及び物理発泡剤と共に分散させて加熱する、或いは樹脂粒子を耐圧容器内で分散媒と共に分散させて加熱し、次いで物理発泡剤を上記耐圧容器内へ圧入することにより、樹脂粒子に物理発泡剤を含浸させて発泡性樹脂粒子とする(発泡剤含浸工程)。次いで、軟化状態の発泡性樹脂粒子を高圧の耐圧容器内よりも低い圧力下例えば大気中に分散媒と共に放出することにより発泡性樹脂粒子を発泡させて発泡粒子を得ることができる(発泡工程)。また、この放出時には耐圧容器内に背圧をかけて高圧条件を保ちつつ放出することが好ましい。
なお、高温ピークを形成するための上記樹脂粒子のTaの温度範囲内における保持は、該温度範囲内にて多段階に設定することもできるし、また、該温度範囲内で十分な時間をかけてゆっくりと昇温することにより該高温ピークを形成することも可能である。
成形型の一方向から加熱媒体供給排出ピンを挿入する場合には、図1のように成形型の側面から加熱媒体供給排出ピンを挿入するか、図2のように、分割型の一方の型面から加熱媒体供給排出ピンを挿入することができる。また、図示はしないが、二方向から加熱媒体供給排出ピンを挿入する場合には、成形型の両側の側面から、加熱媒体供給排出ピン同士を対向させて加熱媒体供給排出ピンを挿入することや、両方の型面からスチームピン同士を対向させてスチームピンを挿入することもできる。
1Lのメスシリンダーを用意し、発泡粒子をメスシリンダーの1Lの標線まで充填し、充填された発泡粒子の重量(g)を秤量することにより、1Lあたりの発泡粒子の重量(g/L)を求め、さらに(kg/m3)に単位換算することにより求める。
実施例、比較例において、表1に示す発泡粒子1〜11を使用した。
(樹脂粒子製造工程)
樹脂粒子製造用装置として、内径50mmの押出機の出口側にストランド形成用ダイを付設した装置を用いた。表1に示すポリプロピレン系樹脂と、気泡調整剤としてホウ酸亜鉛(1000重量ppm)とを押出機に供給し、加熱下に溶融混練し、溶融混練物をダイからストランド状に押出し、押出されたストランドを水冷し、ペレタイザーで重量が略1.0mgとなるように切断して円柱状(L/D=3.0)の樹脂粒子を得た。なお、発泡粒子3、7及び10を得るための樹脂粒子においては、ポリプロピレン系樹脂100重量部に対して、着色剤としてカーボンブラック2.7重量部を配合した。
(発泡粒子製造工程)
上記のとおり得られた樹脂粒子1000gと、分散媒として水3000ml、分散剤としてカオリン3g、分散助剤としてドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.04gおよび硫酸アルミニウム0.01gを、撹拌機を備えた5Lのオートクレーブに仕込み、表1の発泡粒子製造条件に示す平衡蒸気圧となるように発泡剤として二酸化炭素を仕込んだ。撹拌下に表1に示す昇温速度で温度Taまで昇温し、その温度で表1に示す保持時間保った後、発泡温度Tbまで昇温し、その温度でさらに表1に示す保持時間保った後、オートクレーブ中の内容物を分散媒とともに大気圧下に放出して発泡粒子を得た。得られた発泡粒子の諸物性を表2に示した。
内径65mmの押出機に、表3に示すポリプロピレン系樹脂を供給し、210℃で加熱、混練して溶融樹脂とした。
次に、該溶融樹脂をアキュムレータ(設定温度210℃)に充填し、アキュムレータから溶融樹脂をダイを通して筒状に押出して軟化状態のパリソンとした。該パリソンをダイ直下に配置された分割金型で挟み込んだ。なお、金型温度は70℃に調整した。その後、ブローピンを打ち込みブローピンから0.50MPa(G)の加圧空気をパリソン内に吹き込むと同時にパリソン外面と金型内面との間を減圧して、前記金型のキャビティ形状を賦形し、平均厚み2.5mmの中空成形体を形成した。
なお、成形金型として、縦730mm、横420mm、厚さ60mmの略直方体状の成形キャビティを有し、発泡粒子の充填フィーダ(口径15mmφ)及び6本の加熱媒体供給排出ピン(口径8mmφ、以下、スチームピンとも言う。)を備えた成形用金型を用いた。なお、スチームピンスチームピンは、成形金型の一方の型面側に縦方向3本×横方向2本の計6本配置され、その縦方向の間隔は230mm、横方向の間価格は300mmとした。
その後金型に取り付けられた面圧計の圧力が0.05MPa(G)となるまで成形体を冷却し、スチームピンを抜き取ったのち、金型を開き、金型から離型することにより表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体を得た。得られた成形体の物性を表5に示した。
表4中、成形サイクルについては、型閉め開始時から、離型完了までの時間を成形サイクル時間(秒)とした。
表5中、発泡粒子成形体融着率は次のように測定した。
融着率測定用試験片として、得られた表皮付き発泡成形体の板面の中心部、および四隅部(R部分)を除く計5箇所から、表皮を含まないようにして50mm×50mm×(表皮を除く製品厚み)の試験片を切り出した。
試験片を二つに破断し、破断面を目視観察し、破断面における全ての発泡粒子を対象に、破壊された発泡粒子と、界面で剥離した発泡粒子数の数をそれぞれ計数し、破断面における発泡粒子の全数(破壊された発泡粒子の数と界面で剥離した発泡粒子との合計)に対する破壊された発泡粒子の割合を求め、融着率とした。中央部の融着率と、四隅部の融着率のうち最も低い値とを表中に示す。
表5中、表皮と発泡粒子成形体との接着性は次のように測定した。
表皮と発泡粒子の接着性評価試験片として、得られた表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体の中心部及び四隅部(R部を除く)の計5箇所から、表皮を含む50mm×50mmの試験片を切出した。該試験片の表皮を剥がして、剥離面における全ての発泡粒を対象に、破壊された粒子と、発泡粒子と表皮間の界面で剥離した発泡粒子の数をそれぞれ計数し、剥離面における発泡粒子の全数(破壊された発泡粒子と表皮間の界面で剥離した発泡粒子の合計)に対する破壊された発泡粒子の割合を求めた。5箇所の測定値のうち最も低い値を発泡粒子と表皮の接着率とし、下記の基準で評価した。
○:表皮接着率が50%以上
×:表皮接着率が50%未満
表5中、表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体の収縮率は、次のように測定した。得られた成形体厚み方向の長さL2(mm)を測定し、対応する金型寸法L1(60mm)から、次式により、収縮率を算出した。
収縮率=100×(L1−L2)/L1
11 型側面
12 成形空間部
2 加熱媒体供給排出ピン
21 供給側ピン
22 排出側ピン
Claims (4)
- 熱可塑性樹脂中空成形体の中空部にポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を充填し、該中空成形体内に挿入された加熱媒体供給用ピンから加熱媒体を供給して発泡粒子を加熱することにより発泡粒子を相互に融着させて、中空成形体からなる表皮材で被覆された発泡粒子成形体を製造する方法において、
該発泡粒子は、融点140〜155℃のポリプロピレン系樹脂から形成されており、且つ、
該発泡粒子を構成しているポリプロピレン系樹脂は、該発泡粒子を10℃/分の昇温速度で23℃から200℃まで加熱して得られるDSC曲線において、該ポリプロピレン系樹脂に固有の融解ピーク(固有ピーク)と、固有ピークよりも高温側に1以上の融解ピーク(高温ピーク)とが現れる結晶構造を有すると共に、
該DSC曲線において、全融解熱量が75J/gを超え、全融解熱量に対する高温ピークの融解熱量の比が0.20〜0.30であり、高温ピークの頂点温度以上の部分の融解熱量が6J/g以上である
ことを特徴とする表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体の製造方法。 - 前記熱可塑性樹脂中空成形体がブロー成形体であり、軟化状態の中空成形体の中空部にポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を充填することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体の製造方法。
- 前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子のかさ密度が20〜60kg/m3であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体の製造方法。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂中空成形体がポリプロピレン系樹脂から形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の表皮材被覆発泡粒子成形体の製造方法。
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