JP2014193876A - 呼吸器合胞体ウイルスに対する抗体及び該ウイルス用のワクチンを製造する方法 - Google Patents
呼吸器合胞体ウイルスに対する抗体及び該ウイルス用のワクチンを製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】 本発明はまた、Fペプチドへの抗RSV抗体の結合を評価する方法に関する。本発明はまた、本発明のFペプチドと免疫特異的に結合する抗体に関する。本発明はさらに、RSV感染症の予防、中和又は治療のための、Fペプチド及び/又はFペプチドに免疫特異的に結合する抗体の投与に関する方法及びプロトコールを提供する。さらに、本発明の方法はRSV感染症に関連する症状の治療、予防及び改善に有用であり得る。
【選択図】 なし
Description
本発明は、呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)のFタンパク質エピトープ(配列番号1に例示される)及びその変異体、又はFペプチドを含む医薬組成物に関する。一実施形態では、RSV Fタンパク質エピトープ(又はその変異体)又はFペプチドは、モノクローナル抗体SYNAGIS(登録商標)及び/又はNUMAXTMに免疫特異的に結合する。別の実施形態では、本発明のRSV Fペプチド又はFタンパク質エピトープは、哺乳類宿主細胞の表面上の天然のRSVレセプターに結合する。本発明はさらに、前記組成物を利用する、呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)感染症に関連する症状を予防する、治療する又は改善するための方法を含む。特に、本発明はRSV感染症に関連する症状を予防する、治療する又は改善するための方法であって、RSV感染症を効果的に予防する1以上のRSV Fペプチド又はFタンパク質エピトープ(又はその変異体若しくは断片)の有効量をヒト被験者に投与することを含む、上記方法に関する。本発明はさらに、Fタンパク質エピトープ変異体(すなわちFペプチド)に結合する抗RSV抗体を評価する方法に関する。本発明はまた、本発明のRSV Fペプチド又はFタンパク質エピトープに免疫特異的に結合する抗体又はそのフラグメント、並びにかかる抗体をスクリーニングするための、検出するための及び該抗体を利用するための方法であって、該抗体がSynagis(登録商標)(パリビズマブ)又はNumaxTM(モタビズマブ)又はマウスmAb47F及び7C2(Arbiza J.ら, J Gen. Virol., 73:2225-2234 (1992)参照)ではない、上記方法に関する。
呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)は、幼児及び児童における深刻な下気道疾患の主因である(Feigenら編集, 1987: Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, WB Saunders, Philadelphia 1653-1675頁; New Vaccine Development, Establishing Priorities, Vol. 1, 1985, National Academy Press, Washington D.C. 397-409頁; 及びRuuskanenら, 1993, Curr. Probl. Pediatr. 23:50-79)。RSV感染症の年次流行性は世界的に明らかであるが、所定の季節におけるRSV疾患の発生率及び重篤度は地域によって変化する(Hall, C. B., 1993, Contemp. Pediatr. 10:92-110)。北半球の温暖な地域では、RSV感染症は通常は晩秋に始まり、晩春に終わる。主なRSV感染症は、院内流行の間、ほとんどの場合は6週から2歳の児童で生じ、出生後4週目までの児童では通常は生じない(Hallら, 1979, New Engl. J. Med. 300:393-396)。RSV感染症のリスクが増加した児童には、早産児(Hallら, 1979, New Engl. J. Med. 300:393-396)、並びに気管支肺異形成症(Groothuisら, 1988, Pediatrics 82:199-203)、先天性心疾患(MacDonaldら, New Engl. J. Med. 307:397-400)、先天性又は後天性免疫不全症(Ograら, 1988, Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 7:246-249; 及びPohlら, 1992, J. Infect. Dis. 165:166-169)、及び脳嚢性繊維症(Abmanら, 1988, J. Pediatr. 113:826-830)に罹患した児童が挙げられる。RSV感染症で入院している心疾患又は肺疾患に罹患した幼児の死亡率は3%〜4%である(Navasら, 1992, J. Pediatr. 121:348-354)。
本発明は、一部には、抗体SYNAGIS(登録商標)が特異的に結合するRSV Fタンパク質エピトープ(或いは、Fタンパク質エピトープ)を発見したことを基礎とする。Fタンパク質エピトープは、24個のアミノ酸の配列:NSELLSLINDMPITNDQKKLMSNN(配列番号1)を含み、これはSYNAGIS(登録商標)のRSVのFタンパク質への結合を競合的に阻害する。本発明の一実施形態は、Fタンパク質エピトープ及び/又はその断片、誘導体又は変異体(「Fペプチド」と称する)を、呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)に対する中和抗体(又は本発明のFタンパク質エピトープ若しくはFペプチドと特異的に結合する他の分子)を(in−vivo、ex−vivo又はin−vitroで)作製するために利用する方法である。本発明の別の実施形態では、RSVウイルスのその天然のレセプターへの結合を阻害するための及び/又は感染症を予防するためのワクチンとして提供されるべき、本発明の1以上のFタンパク質エピトープ及び/又はFペプチドを含む医薬組成物を、ヒトに投与する方法である。本発明のさらに別の実施形態は、本発明の抗体又は本発明のFペプチドのいずれかの医薬組成物の有効量を鼻腔内投与することを含む、治療が必要な患者/被験者におけるRSVによって引き起こされる上気道感染症を治療する方法に関する。
本明細書で使用される「類似体」という用語は、Fタンパク質である配列番号29又はその断片と類似又は同一の機能を保有するが、Fタンパク質と類似又は同一のアミノ酸配列を必ずしも含まないポリペプチドを指す。類似のアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチドは、以下の少なくとも1つを満たすポリペプチドを指す:(a)配列番号29のアミノ酸配列と、少なくとも30%、少なくとも35%、少なくとも40%、少なくとも45%、少なくとも50%、少なくとも55%、少なくとも60%、少なくとも65%、少なくとも70%、少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも85%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、又は少なくとも99%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド、又はその断片;(b)配列番号29のアミノ酸配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列とストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするヌクレオチド配列によってコードされるポリペプチド、又は少なくとも5アミノ酸残基、少なくとも10アミノ酸残基、少なくとも15アミノ酸残基、少なくとも20アミノ酸残基、又は少なくとも25アミノ酸残基のその断片;及び(c)配列番号29のアミノ酸配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列と少なくとも30%、少なくとも35%、少なくとも40%、少なくとも45%、少なくとも50%、少なくとも55%、少なくとも60%、少なくとも65%、少なくとも70%、少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも85%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%又は少なくとも99%同一であるヌクレオチド配列によってコードされるポリペプチド、又はその断片。
NSELαSLIβDMPITγDQKδLMεNN
[ここでαはロイシン又はセリンのいずれであってもよく;βはアスパラギン、ヒスチジン、アラニン、セリン、アルギニン、アスパラギン酸、リシン、チロシン又はグルタミンであってもよく;γはアスパラギン又はイソロイシンであってもよく;δはグルタミン酸、グルタミン、アスパラギン酸、トレオニン、メチオニン、リシン又はチロシンであってもよく、εはセリン、グルタミン酸又はフェニルアラニンであってもよい]を有するペプチドを包含し得る。これに限定されるものではないが、表1に列挙されるもの、及び配列番号1と少なくとも80%同一である他の変異体によって例示し得るFペプチドは、本発明の範囲内であることが意図される。
本発明は、SYNAGIS(登録商標)及び/又はNUMAXTMに結合するFタンパク質エピトープ及びFペプチドを提供する。一実施形態では、Fタンパク質エピトープ及び/又はFペプチドは、SYNAGIS(登録商標)及び/又はNUMAXTMのRSV Fタンパク質への結合を競合的に阻害する。具体的な実施形態では、1以上のFタンパク質エピトープ及び/又はFペプチドは、ワクチン又は抗原製剤として哺乳類に投与して、RSV感染症から該哺乳類を保護する免疫応答を生じさせる。別の実施形態では、1以上のFタンパク質エピトープ及び/又はFペプチドを受動免疫処理によって哺乳類に投与してRSV感染症を予防する。特定の理論又は機構に拘束されることなく、Fタンパク質エピトープ及び/又はFペプチドが、RSV Fタンパク質の天然のレセプターに結合し、結合をブロックすることによってRSVの細胞とのFタンパク質仲介融合を防止し得ることを意図する。
本発明の一実施形態では、本発明のFペプチド又はその断片或いは該Fペプチドを含む医薬組成物が、RSV感染症を治療し、管理し又は予防するために被験者に投与される。好適な実施形態では、前記被験者はヒトである。具体的な実施形態では、Fペプチド又はその断片或いは該Fペプチドを含む医薬組成物はワクチン又は免疫原性組成物である。別の実施形態は、Fペプチド又はその断片或いは該Fペプチドを含む医薬組成物の受動免疫療法としての投与を含む。特定の実施形態では、本発明は被験者におけるRSV感染症を予防し、治療し又は管理する方法であって、本発明の1以上のFペプチドの製薬上の有効量を投与することを含む、前記方法を提供する。他の実施形態では、製薬上の有効量は、ウイルス宿主細胞融合を、少なくとも10%、少なくとも15%、少なくとも20%、少なくとも30%、少なくとも40%、少なくとも50%、少なくとも60%、少なくとも70%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも99%又は少なくとも99.5%低減する。
Fペプチドは、非常に多くの手段によって作製することができ、該手段として、これに限定されるものではないが、化学合成及び組換えタンパク質発現が挙げられる。可溶性ペプチドは宿主細胞から発現及び精製することができる。一実施形態では、本発明のFペプチドをコードする合成の組換えDNAが調製される。
Fペプチドと特異的に結合する抗体は当該技術分野で公知であると認められるべきである。例えば、SYNAGIS(登録商標)は、小児患者のRSV感染症の予防に現在使用されているヒト化モノクローナル抗体である。
本発明の1以上の抗Fペプチド結合体又はそのフラグメントは、身体において治療剤として局所的に又は全身的に使用し得る。この発明の抗Fペプチド結合体又はそのフラグメントはさらに、例えば抗体と相互作用するエフェクター細胞の数又は活性の増加のために使用する、他のモノクローナル又はキメラ抗体、或いはリンホカイン又は造血成長因子(例えばIL−2、IL−3及びIL−7など)と組合わせて有利に利用し得る。本発明の抗Fペプチド結合体又はそのフラグメントはさらに、RSV感染症を治療するために使用される1以上の薬剤、例えば抗ウイルス剤などと併用して有利に利用し得る。本発明の結合体又はフラグメントは、以下の薬剤の1以上と併用し得る:NIH−351(Gemini Technologies)、組換えRSVワクチン(MedImmune Vaccines)、RSVf−2(Intracel)、F−50042(Pierre Fabre)、T−786(Trimeris)、VP−36676(ViroPharma)、RFI−641(American Home Products)、VP−14637(ViroPharma)、PFP−1及びPFP−2(American Home Products)、RSVワクチン(Avant Immunotherapeutics)並びにF−50077(Pierre Fabre)。
下記に記載する試験は、RSVと細胞との融合を妨げる際の、Fペプチド及びその誘導体の有効性を判定するために使用することができる。下記に記載する試験は、RSVと細胞との融合を妨げる際の、抗Fペプチド抗体の有効性を判定するために使用することもできる。これらの方法及びその他は、Fペプチド又は抗Fペプチド結合体、例えば抗体が被験者のRSV感染症を治療する、予防する又は管理するために最も適していることを判定するために使用することができる。
定化された抗体との結合及び解離を分析することを含む。
本発明は、RSV感染症に関連する1以上の症状を、被験者に本発明のFタンパク質エピトープ、或いは該ペプチド又は有効量の抗Fタンパク質エピトープ結合体若しくはそのフラグメントを含む組成物(例えば医薬組成物)、或いは抗Fタンパク質エピトープ結合体又はそのフラグメントを含む組成物(例えば医薬組成物)を投与することによって治療する、予防する及び改善する方法を提供する。好ましい態様では、本発明のFタンパク質エピトープ又は抗Fタンパク質エピトープ結合体若しくはそのフラグメントは実質的に精製されている(すなわち、その効果を制限するか又は所望でない副作用を生じさせる物質を実質的に含まない)。被験者は好ましくは非霊長類(例えばウシ、ブタ、ウマ、ネコ、イヌ、ラットなど)及び霊長類(例えばカニクイザルなどのサル及びヒト)などの哺乳類である。好適な実施形態では、被験者はヒトである。別の好適な実施形態では、被験者はヒト幼児又は早産のヒト幼児である。別の実施形態では、被験者は嚢胞性繊維症、気管支肺異形成症、先天性心疾患、先天性免疫不全症又は後天性免疫不全症、骨髄移植されているヒト或いは高齢のヒトである。
Hep−2細胞を、抗RSVモノクローナル抗体、例えばSynagis(登録商標)(パリビズマブ)及び/又はNumaxTM(モタビズマブ)又はMEDI−524の存在下、24ウェルプレート中で、RSVで感染した。このウイルスはCPEを示すウェルからモノクローナル抗体の持続的な存在下で2回以上継代した。生じたプラークをモノクローナル抗体の存在下で2回精製した。このウイルスをモノクローナル抗体の存在下で増殖させてウイルスストックを作製した。ウイルス突然変異体の分析は、マイクロ中和アッセイ及びIFAによって実施した。最後に、突然変異Fタンパク質の配列を標準的な方法によって決定した。図2はSynagis(登録商標)(パリビズマブ)及びNumaxTM(モタビズマブ)の両者についてのMARM分析の結果を示す。272位のアミノ酸残基がリシン(K)からグルタミン酸(E)に改変したとき、Synagis(登録商標)及びNumaxTMはともに長らくRSVを中和した。272位で示された他の全ての変異体は、Synagis(登録商標)のRSVを中和する能力を排除するように思われるが、一方、NumaxTMはその中和能力を維持しているようである。さらに、272位の残基がリシン(K)からグルタミン(Q)に改変され、262位の残基がアスパラギン(N)からリシン(K)に改変された二重突然変異がRSV Fタンパク質中で作製されたとき、Synagis(登録商標)及びNumaxTMはいずれも、K272Qの単一突然変異がNumaxTM中和をノックアウトしたときにその中和能を失った。この結果は表3に要約される。262位及び272位の残基と接触する抗体が重要と思われる。
一部には上記MARM分析の結果に基づいてFペプチドを合成した(AnaSpec, Inc. San Jose, CAにより行った)。このアッセイプレートの各ウェルは、ウェルあたり50mlの4mg/mLの特定の可溶性RSV Fペプチドで一晩、2〜8℃でコーティングした。このプレートを吸引し、PBS/0.05%Tween−20バッファーで洗浄した後、PBS/0.05%Tween−20/0.5%BSAバッファーと共に1時間、周囲温度でインキュベートすることによってブロックした。このプレートを洗浄し、MEDI−524標準曲線サンプル、試験サンプル、MEDI−524参照標準、及びネガティブコントロールを、洗浄したプレートに添加した。周囲温度で1時間のインキュベーション後、このプレートを洗浄し、ウェル当たり50mlのヤギ抗ヒトIgG−HRP(セイヨウワサビペルオキシダーゼ)(1:16,000希釈)をプレートに添加した。洗浄後、ウェル当たり100mlの3,3',5,5'−テトラメチルベンジジン(TMB)基質をプレートに添加し、光から保護しながら周囲温度で10分間インキュベートした。酵素反応は、ウェル当たり50mlの2N H2SO4を添加することによって停止させ、450nmでの吸光度をマイクロプレートリーダーを用いて測定した。参照標準曲線の対数-対数(log-log)変換の勾配を、過去の参照標準勾配範囲と比較し、参照標準曲線に対する試験サンプル曲線の平行性(90%の信頼限界)を試験した。全てのシステム適合性要件に合致させ、かつ平行性試験の規準に合致させた後、参照標準に対する試験サンプルのED50比を算出し、その結果を参照標準結合活性の百分率として表した。図3は、この特定の結合ELISAの結果を示す。許容し得る活性は参照標準結合の50〜150%である。Fペプチドの262位で、アミノ酸がH−結合残基(野生型ではこの残基はグルタミンである)であることが好ましいと思われる。272位で、アミノ酸は正電荷のアミノ酸であることが好ましいと思われる。さらに、262位にヒスチジンを有するFペプチドは、野生型Fタンパク質エピトープ(配列番号1)よりも強固にNumaxTMと結合すると思われる。
全ての研究は、カルボキシメチル(CM)デキストランマトリックス及びBiacore(登録商標)3000型表面プラズモン共鳴(SPR)バイオセンサー(Biacore AB, Uppsala, Sweden)を具備するSensor Chip CM5(Biacore AB, Uppsala, Sweden)を用いて実施した。
ITC技術を用いることによってNumaxTM/MEDI−524に対する野生型ペプチド(配列番号28)の結合特性を評価した。MEDI−524 Mabを基礎バッファー(25mM His、pH6)中で配列番号28により10℃で滴定した。配列番号28:(MW=2732.14;W、Y又はCを有しない)。55μMの実施(working)溶液を、30μLの5mg/mLペプチド溶液をITC滴定に使用される970μLの25mM His pH6バッファーで希釈することによって調製した。MEDI−524の1.15μM(0.1706mg/ml)実施溶液をこの実験に使用した(MW148400、A280=1.47)。結果は以下の通りである:(a)結合強度は配列番号24のペプチドに比較して約3桁小さい;(b)1つの結合部位が検出された;(c)結合定数は4.36±0.5x106M−1と決定された;(d)結合エンタルピーは4.8±0.1Kcal M−1と決定された;そして(e)化学量論:4。図5は、実験結果を経時的(分)に示すグラフである。
当業者は、本明細書に記載の発明の具体的な実施形態に対する多くの均等物を認識する、又は慣用の実験のみを用いて確認することができる。かかる均等物は、添付の特許請求の範囲に包含されることを意図する。この明細書中で言及された全ての刊行物、特許及び特許出願(特に2005年9月21日に同時に出願された米国仮出願(代理人整理番号RS108P4))は、個々の刊行物、特許又は特許出願が参照により本明細書に組み入れられるべきことが具体的かつ個別に示されたのと同程度に、参照により本明細書に組み入れるものとする。
Claims (19)
- RSV感染症を予防する及び/又は改善する方法であって、配列番号1のFタンパク質エピトープと少なくとも90%の同一性を有するRSV Fペプチドからなる組成物を投与することを含む、前記方法。
- 前記方法が受動免疫法である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が能動免疫法である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 抗体のプールを、患者における呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)感染と関連する1以上の症状を予防する、治療する又は改善するための抗体又はそのフラグメントについてスクリーニングする方法であって、以下:
a.RSV Fペプチドを前記抗体又はその抗体フラグメントのプールと接触させること、ここで前記RSV Fペプチドは配列番号1に示すアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%のアミノ酸配列同一性を有する配列からなるものである;
b.前記1以上の抗体またはそのフラグメントが該RSV Fペプチドと特異的に結合するか否かを検出すること;
c.前記RSV Fペプチドと特異的に結合する1以上の抗体またはそのフラグメントのEC50をマイクロ中和アッセイにより決定すること;及び
d.患者におけるRSV感染と関連する1以上の症状の予防、治療又は改善のための、2nM未満のEC50を有する1以上の抗体またはそのフラグメントを選択すること、
を含む、
前記スクリーニング方法。 - RSV Fペプチドが以下の構造:
NSELαSLIβDMPITγDQKδLMεNN
[ここで、αはロイシン又はセリンのいずれかであり得る;βはアスパラギン、ヒスチジン、アラニン、セリン、アルギニン、アスパラギン酸、リシン、チロシン又はグルタミンであり得る;γはアスパラギン又はイソロイシンであり得る;δはグルタミン酸、グルタミン、アスパラギン酸、トレオニン、メチオニン、リシン又はチロシンであり得る;そしてεはセリン、グルタミン酸又はフェニルアラニンであり得る]
を有するアミノ酸配列からなる、請求項4に記載の方法。 - 抗RSV抗体はパリビズマブ(palivizumab)、モタビズマブ(motavizumab)、又はマウスmAb47F及び7C2ではない、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 抗RSV抗体がa)キメラ抗体;b)ヒト化抗体;c)ヒト抗体;d)一本鎖抗体;e)Fabフラグメント;f)F(ab')2フラグメント;g)一本鎖FvFc抗体;及びh)scFv−scFv−Fc抗体よりなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 配列番号1のFタンパク質と少なくとも90%の同一性を有する配列からなり、結合ELISAアッセイによって測定するとき、配列番号1のFタンパク質と比較して抗RSV抗体に対するより高い結合親和性を有する、RSV Fペプチド。
- 前記ペプチドが以下の構造:
NSELαSLIβDMPITγDQKδLMεNN
[ここで、αはロイシン又はセリンのいずれかであり得る;βはアスパラギン、ヒスチジン、アラニン、セリン、アルギニン、アスパラギン酸、リシン、チロシン又はグルタミンであり得る;γはアスパラギン又はイソロイシンであり得る;δはグルタミン酸、グルタミン、アスパラギン酸、トレオニン、メチオニン、リシン又はチロシンであり得る;そしてεはセリン、グルタミン酸又はフェニルアラニンであり得る]
を有するアミノ酸配列からなる、請求項8に記載のRSV Fペプチド。 - 前記ペプチドがBSAにコンジュゲートされている、請求項8に記載のRSV Fペプチド。
- 前記ペプチドは標識されている、請求項8に記載のRSV Fペプチド。
- 前記抗RSV抗体がモタビズマブ(motavizumab)である、請求項8に記載のRSV Fペプチド。
- 請求項9に記載のRSV Fペプチドを含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項9に記載のRSV Fペプチドと特異的に結合する分子をスクリーニングする方法。
- 前記分子がアプタマーである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 該RSV Fペプチドが配列番号1に示すFタンパク質と少なくとも95%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列からなるものである、請求項8に記載のRSV Fペプチド。
- 該RSV Fペプチドが配列番号1に示すFタンパク質と少なくとも95%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列からなるものである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 該RSV Fペプチドが動物に投与される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 動物が非ヒト動物である、請求項18に記載の方法。
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EP1793850A2 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
WO2006034292A2 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
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JP2008513540A (ja) | 2008-05-01 |
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AU2005286770A1 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
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JP6407187B2 (ja) | 2018-10-17 |
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JP2011252023A (ja) | 2011-12-15 |
US20100278852A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
US20150328306A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
JP5992014B2 (ja) | 2016-09-14 |
EP3073267A1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
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