JP2012529291A - 膜コンタクターモジュールにおいて水性バイオマスから脂肪酸を抽出する方法 - Google Patents
膜コンタクターモジュールにおいて水性バイオマスから脂肪酸を抽出する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012529291A JP2012529291A JP2012514910A JP2012514910A JP2012529291A JP 2012529291 A JP2012529291 A JP 2012529291A JP 2012514910 A JP2012514910 A JP 2012514910A JP 2012514910 A JP2012514910 A JP 2012514910A JP 2012529291 A JP2012529291 A JP 2012529291A
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- fatty acids
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Abstract
Description
a)水性バイオマスの脂質を加水分解して、遊離脂肪酸を放出させるステップと;
b)遊離脂肪酸を含有する、加水分解された水性バイオマスを、前記膜コンタクターモジュールM1の水性コンパートメントへ送入するステップと;
c)脂肪酸を、疎水性膜を介して、有機溶媒/溶媒混合物を含有する前記膜コンタクターモジュールM1の有機コンパートメントへ抽出するステップと
を含む方法に関する。
a)クロスフロー濾過モジュールM2内の前記水性バイオマスを脱水および/またはダイアフィルトレーションし、膜コンタクターモジュールM1におけるさらなる処理のための保持液を生成させるステップと;
b)保持液中の脂質を加水分解して、遊離脂肪酸を放出させるステップと;
c)遊離脂肪酸を含有する加水分解された保持液を、前記膜コンタクターモジュールM1の水性コンパートメントへ送入するステップと;
d)脂肪酸を、疎水性膜を介して、有機溶媒または溶媒混合物を含有する前記膜コンタクターモジュールM1の有機コンパートメントへ抽出するステップと
を含む統合方法に関する。
以下の実施例により、本発明を例示する。
水性バイオマスの化学的加水分解対酵素的加水分解
本実施例は、
- 適用される反応時間および反応条件で、水性バイオマスの脂質を酵素的に加水分解することにより放出される脂肪酸量が、化学的に加水分解することにより放出される脂肪酸量の約70%であったこと(小節AおよびBに示す結果を比較されたい;表1(Table 1)および2(Table 2)の値を参照されたい);
- バイオマスをプロテアーゼで前処理してから脂質を酵素的に加水分解することにより、リパーゼと脂質との接触を促進しうること
を裏付ける。
乾燥重量150g/Lのバイオマス濃度をもたらすため、約200mgの乾燥バイオマスを含有する複数の試験管に、1.33mlの水を添加した。0.5MのKOH 5mlをエタノールに添加し、30秒間にわたり溶液をブレンドした(Ultraturrax (UT); 9500rpm)。水浴中60℃で2時間にわたり試験管をインキュベートした。インキュベーション時間後、2mlの水を添加し、結果として得られる溶液を、pH1まで酸性化した。加水分解した溶液を、各回ヘキサン2mlずつのアリコートにより3回にわたり洗浄して、遊離脂肪酸を抽出した。遊離脂肪酸を含有する正確な容量(2ml)のヘキサン相を、あらかじめ秤量した試験管へ引き入れ、窒素下でヘキサンをさらに蒸発させた。次いで、遊離脂肪酸をエタノール中に溶解させ、解析した。
B1)プロテアーゼ処理を伴わない濃縮水性バイオマス(乾燥重量で150g/L)
300mgの凍結乾燥バイオマスを、2mlのリン酸緩衝液(37℃で0.1M、pH7.0)中に懸濁させ、150g/Lのバイオマス濃度へ再構成した。湿潤したバイオマスを煮沸し(98℃の水浴中10分間にわたり)、室温まで冷却した後で、バイオマス1グラム当たり3000UのリパーゼLPZ(Lipozyme TL 100L; Novozymes、Denmark)を添加した。
2mlのリン酸緩衝液(37℃でpH7)を、100mgの凍結乾燥バイオマスに添加し、乾燥重量で50g/Lのバイオマス濃度をもたらした。次いで、10分間にわたり(98℃で)細胞塊懸濁液を煮沸し、その直後に室温まで冷却した。リパーゼLPZについて2つの酵素濃度、すなわち、バイオマス1グラム当たり1000単位および2000単位を調べた。
100mgの凍結乾燥バイオマスを、2mlのリン酸緩衝液(37℃でpH7.0)中に懸濁させ、乾燥重量で50g/Lのバイオマス濃度をもたらした。次いで、10分間にわたり(98℃で)細胞塊懸濁液を煮沸し、その直後に室温まで冷却した。溶液1ml当たり20mgのアルカラーゼ(Novozymes、Denmark)を添加することにより、酵素的前処理を実施した。プロテアーゼによる反応を、60℃の水浴中で30分間にわたり続行した。この時間の後、試験管を30℃未満まで再度冷却してから、リパーゼを添加した。バイオマス1グラム当たり1000U等量のリパーゼLPZを添加した。
酵素的加水分解による脂肪酸の逐次的放出
本実施例は、市販されている4つの微生物リガーゼ:すべてSigma Aldrich(ドイツ)製のカンジダ・ルゴーサ(CR)、ムコール・ジャバニクス(MJ)、シュードモナス属種(PS)、およびNovozymes(デンマーク)製のLipozyme (LPZ)の加水分解効率を裏付ける。
膜コンタクターモジュールを用いる脂肪酸の分離
以下で説明する実験は、有機溶媒を水性溶液と直接接触させずに脂肪酸を抽出するのに、膜コンタクターおよびポリイミド膜が有効であることを裏付ける目的で実施した。これらの予備的実験から、驚くべきことに、疎水性のポリイミド膜が、水性相(脂肪酸に富む相)と有機相(抽出溶媒相)との間の障壁として完全に機能することが見出された。水の貫流は観察されず、脂肪酸を水相から有機相へ抽出することに成功した。
膜コンタクターモジュールを用いる脂肪酸の分離
本実施例で説明する実験は、実施例3と同じ根本原理に基づき実行した。しかし、分離能力を改善するため、両相の初期容量を変化させ、新規の膜を用いた。
膜コンタクターモジュール内で酵素的加水分解と水性バイオマスからの分離とを同時的に行うことによる脂肪酸の分画
以下で説明する実験は、温和な条件下の膜コンタクターモジュール内で、脂肪酸の加水分解と水性バイオマスから有機相への脂肪酸の分離とを同時的に実施することにより、飽和脂肪酸とポリ不飽和脂肪酸との分画を達成しうることを示す目的で実施した。
クロスフロー精密濾過(CFMF)を用いる細胞の回収/ダイアフィルトレーション
クロスフロー精密濾過により、発酵培養液を、45〜50g/Lから180g/Lに濃縮した。
2 疎水性膜
3 有機コンパートメント
4 膜
5 保持液
6 透過廃液
M1 膜コンタクターモジュール
M2 クロスフロー濾過モジュール
T1 バイオマスタンク
T2 生成物回収タンク
Claims (26)
- 膜コンタクターモジュールM1内の水性バイオマスから脂肪酸を抽出する方法であって、以下のステップ:
a)水性バイオマスの脂質を加水分解して、遊離脂肪酸を放出させるステップと;
b)遊離脂肪酸を含有する加水分解された水性バイオマスを、前記膜コンタクターモジュールM1の水性コンパートメント(1)へ送入するステップと;
c)脂肪酸を、疎水性膜(2)を介して、有機溶媒/溶媒混合物を含有する前記膜コンタクターモジュールM1の有機コンパートメント(3)へ抽出するステップと
を含む方法。 - 水性バイオマスが、膜コンタクターモジュールM1のバイオマスタンク(T1)から水性コンパートメント(1)へ送流され、バイオマスタンク(T1)に還流する、請求項1に記載の方法。有機溶媒/溶媒混合物が、膜コンタクターモジュールの生成物回収タンク(T2)から有機コンパートメント(3)へ送流され、生成物回収タンクT2へ還流し、一方、遊離脂肪酸が疎水性膜(2)を介して抽出される。
- 配置が、図1に示される通りである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 脂質加水分解が、1または複数のリパーゼを適用する酵素的加水分解である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 脂肪酸が逐次的に放出され、中鎖〜長鎖の飽和脂肪酸およびモノ不飽和脂肪酸が第一段階で放出され、ポリ不飽和脂肪酸が最終段階で放出される、請求項1から4に記載の方法。
- 第一段階で放出される脂肪酸が、次の段階を開始する前に膜を介して抽出される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 逐次的な放出が、より長時間にわたり第1のリパーゼを作用させておくこと、または異なるリパーゼを添加することにより達成される、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- ポリ不飽和脂肪酸が、最終段階で抽出される全脂肪酸の、重量で少なくとも50%、好ましくは60%、最も好ましくは80%を占める、請求項5に記載の方法。
- DHAが、最終段階で抽出される全脂肪酸の約60%、好ましくは約70%、最も好ましくは約90%を占める、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 有機コンパートメントにおいて、脂肪酸をそれらのアルキルエステル誘導体へとエステル化させるステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 水性バイオマスが、脂質加水分解の前にプロテアーゼ処理にかけられる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 水性バイオマスが、脂質加水分解の前にホスホリパーゼ処理にかけられる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 水性バイオマスが、油糧微生物の発酵培養液である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 油糧微生物が、従属栄養型微細藻類、好ましくはヤブレツボカビ(thraustochytrid)である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒が、非極性溶媒、好ましくは、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、ヘプタン、ペンタン、トルエン、ジクロロエタン、ジクロロメタン、ジエチルエーテル、酢酸エチル、アセトン、およびこれらの混合物の群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒または溶媒混合物が、低級アルキルアルコール、好ましくは、メタノールまたはエタノールの群から選択されるアルコールをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒または溶媒混合物が、酸、塩基、酵素、またはこれらの混合物の形態で触媒をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- バイオマスの脱水および/またはダイアフィルトレーションのためのクロスフロー濾過モジュールM2をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記クロスフロー濾過モジュールが、無機膜を含有する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記無機管状膜が、精密濾過(0.1〜10μm)または限外濾過の範囲(103〜106 Da)のカットオフを有する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 水性バイオマスから脂肪酸を抽出する統合方法であって、以下のステップ:
a)クロスフロー濾過モジュールM2内の前記水性バイオマスを脱水および/またはダイアフィルトレーションし、膜コンタクターモジュールM1におけるさらなる処理のための保持液(5)を生成させるステップと;
b)保持液(5)中の脂質を加水分解して、遊離脂肪酸を放出させるステップと;
c)遊離脂肪酸を含有する加水分解された保持液を、前記膜コンタクターモジュールM1の水性コンパートメント(1)へ送入するステップと;
d)脂肪酸を、疎水性膜(2)を介して、有機溶媒または溶媒混合物を含有する前記膜コンタクターモジュールM1の有機コンパートメント(3)へ抽出するステップと
を含む統合方法。 - まず、水性バイオマスが、バイオマスタンクT1からクロスフロー膜モジュールM2を介して送流され、水および低分子化合物が膜(4)を透過して透過廃液(6)を生成させ、その後、保持液(5)が、膜コンタクターモジュールM1の水性コンパートメント(1)へ送流され、膜コンタクターの有機コンパートメント(3)内を流れる有機溶媒/溶媒混合物へ脂肪酸を抽出し、生成物回収タンクT2内に蓄積させる、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 配置が、図2に示される通りである、請求項21に記載の方法。
- バッチプロセスまたは半連続プロセスとして稼働される、請求項1から23のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 好ましくは有機溶媒ナノ濾過(OSN)による、溶媒回収ステップをさらに含む、請求項1から24のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 好ましくは高速向流クロマトグラフィー(HPCCC)による、精製ステップをさらに含む、請求項1から25のいずれかに記載の方法。
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BR112012017563A2 (pt) * | 2010-01-15 | 2016-08-16 | Univ Texas | processo não dispersivo para recuperação de óleo insolúvel em suspensões aquosas |
US9688921B2 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2017-06-27 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Oil quality using a microporous hollow fiber membrane |
US9149772B2 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2015-10-06 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas Systems | Enhancing flux of a microporous hollow fiber membrane |
US9782726B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2017-10-10 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Non-dispersive process for oil recovery |
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US20130040340A1 (en) * | 2011-02-07 | 2013-02-14 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Production of alcohol esters in situ using alcohols and fatty acids produced by microorganisms |
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WO2001060182A1 (en) * | 2000-02-15 | 2001-08-23 | Lipogenics, Inc. | Enzymatic processing of biomass to produce edible products |
WO2006124598A2 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2006-11-23 | Martek Biosciences Corporation | Biomass hydrolysate and uses and production thereof |
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JPN6014038571; Separation and Purification Technology Vol. 41, 2005, P. 237-266 * |
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NO20092243L (no) | 2010-12-13 |
EP2440670B1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
DK2440670T3 (da) | 2014-04-07 |
EP2440670A1 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
NO329999B1 (no) | 2011-02-07 |
EP2440670A4 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
JP5822825B2 (ja) | 2015-11-24 |
CA2762062C (en) | 2018-01-09 |
US20120077255A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
CA2762062A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
US8455669B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 |
WO2010143974A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
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