JP2010094129A - アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストおよび骨成長を促進するための使用 - Google Patents
アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストおよび骨成長を促進するための使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010094129A JP2010094129A JP2009269343A JP2009269343A JP2010094129A JP 2010094129 A JP2010094129 A JP 2010094129A JP 2009269343 A JP2009269343 A JP 2009269343A JP 2009269343 A JP2009269343 A JP 2009269343A JP 2010094129 A JP2010094129 A JP 2010094129A
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Abstract
【解決手段】本開示は一部においては、アクチビンアンタゴニスト活性またはActRIIaアンタゴニスト活性を有する分子(「アクチビンアンタゴニスト」および「ActRIIaアンタゴニスト」)を用いて、骨密度を高め、骨成長を促進し、および/または骨強度を高めることができることを示す。特に本開示は、可溶形態のActRIIaが、インビボにおいてアクチビン−ActRIIaシグナル伝達の阻害物質としての役割を果たし、骨密度、骨成長および骨強度の増加を促進することを示す。
【選択図】なし
Description
本願は、2005年11月23日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/739,462号、2006年3月17日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/783,322号、および2006年9月15日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/844,855号の利益を主張し、これらの出願は、本明細書の全体にわたって参考として援用される。
骨粗鬆症から骨折までの様々な骨疾患は、有効な医薬品がほとんどない一連の病的状態である。かわりに処置では、固定、運動、および食生活の改善を含めた、物理療法および行動療法に重点がおかれる。様々な骨疾患を処置する目的において骨成長を促進し、骨密度を高める治療薬があれば有益である。
(項目1)
配列番号7のアミノ酸配列からなるアミノ酸配列を有する、アクチビン結合ActRIIaポリペプチド。
上記ポリペプチドが、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィによる測定により、タンパク質汚染物について少なくとも95%純粋である、項目1に記載のアクチビン結合ActRIIaポリペプチド。
上記ポリペプチドが、GDF−11に対するよりもアクチビンに対して、解離定数で少なくとも10倍の選択性を有する、項目1または2に記載のアクチビン結合ActRIIaポリペプチド。
項目1〜3のいずれかに記載のアクチビン結合ActRIIaポリペプチドと、薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤とを含む、薬学的調製物。
上記調製物が、実質的に発熱性物質を含まない、項目4に記載の薬学的調製物。
項目1〜3のいずれかに記載のアクチビン結合ActRIIaポリペプチドのコード配列を含む、単離されたポリヌクレオチド。
上記単離されたポリヌクレオチドが、配列番号14の配列を含む、項目6に記載の単離されたポリヌクレオチド。
項目6または7に記載のポリヌクレオチドに作動可能に連結されたプロモータ配列を含む、組換えポリヌクレオチド。
項目6〜8のいずれかに記載の組換えポリヌクレオチドにより形質転換された、細胞。
上記細胞が、哺乳動物細胞である、項目9に記載の細胞。
上記細胞が、CHO細胞またはヒト細胞である、項目10に記載の細胞。
アクチビン結合ActRIIaポリペプチドを作製する方法であって、
a)該可溶性ActRIIaポリペプチドの発現に適切な条件下で、細胞を培養する工程であって、該細胞が、項目6〜8のいずれかに記載の組換えポリヌクレオチドにより形質転換される工程;と、
b)そのようにして発現された該アクチビン結合ActRIIaポリペプチドを回収する工程;と
を含む、方法。
骨成長を促進するか、骨密度を高めるか、または骨強度を高めるための方法であって、該方法が、
a)配列番号2と少なくとも90%同一のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド;
b)配列番号3と少なくとも90%同一のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド;
c)配列番号2から選択される少なくとも50個の連続したアミノ酸を含むポリペプチド;
からなる群より選択される有効な量のポリペプチドを、被験体に投与する工程を含む、方法。
上記ポリペプチドが、以下:
i)少なくとも10 −7 MのK D で、ActRIIaリガンドに結合する特性;および
ii)細胞内のActRIIaシグナル伝達を阻害する特性;
のうちの一つ以上を有する、項目13に記載の方法。
上記ポリペプチドが、ActRIIaポリペプチドドメインに加えて、インビボ安定性、インビボ半減期、取込み/投与、組織局在化または分布、タンパク質複合体の形成、および/あるいは精製の一つ以上を向上させる一つ以上のポリペプチド部分を含む融合タンパク質である、項目13または14に記載の方法。
上記融合タンパク質が、免疫グロブリンFcドメインおよび血清アルブミンからなる群より選択されるポリペプチド部分を含む、項目15に記載の方法。
上記ポリペプチドが、グリコシル化アミノ酸、PEG化アミノ酸、ファルネシル化アミノ酸、アセチル化アミノ酸、ビオチン化アミノ酸、脂質部分に結合体化されたアミノ酸、および有機誘導体化剤に結合体化されたアミノ酸より選択される一つ以上の修飾アミノ酸残基を含む、項目13〜16のいずれかに記載の方法。
骨関連障害を処置するための方法であって、該方法が、これを必要とする被験体に、有効な量のアクチビンアンタゴニストまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストを投与する工程を含む、方法。
上記アクチビンアンタゴニストまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストが、アクチビンアンタゴニストポリペプチドまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドである、項目18に記載の方法。
上記アクチビンアンタゴニストポリペプチドまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドが、
a)配列番号2と少なくとも90%同一のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド;
b)配列番号3と少なくとも90%同一のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド;
c)配列番号2から選択される少なくとも50個の連続したアミノ酸を含むポリペプチド;
からなる群より選択される、項目19に記載の方法。
上記アクチビンアンタゴニストポリペプチドまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドが、以下:
i)少なくとも10 −7 MのK D で、ActRIIaリガンドに結合する特性;および
ii)細胞内のActRIIaシグナル伝達を阻害する特性;
のうちの一つ以上を有する、項目19または20に記載の方法。
上記アクチビンアンタゴニストポリペプチドまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドが、ActRIIaポリペプチドドメインに加えて、インビボ安定性、インビボ半減期、取込み/投与、組織局在化または分布、タンパク質複合体の形成、および/あるいは精製の一つ以上を向上させる一つ以上のポリペプチド部分を含む融合タンパク質である、項目19〜21のいずれかに記載の方法。
上記融合タンパク質が、免疫グロブリンFcドメインおよび血清アルブミンからなる群より選択されるポリペプチド部分を含む、項目22に記載の方法。
上記アクチビンアンタゴニストポリペプチドまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドが、グリコシル化アミノ酸、PEG化アミノ酸、ファルネシル化アミノ酸、アセチル化アミノ酸、ビオチン化アミノ酸、脂質部分に結合体化されたアミノ酸、および有機誘導体化剤に結合体化されたアミノ酸より選択される一つ以上の修飾アミノ酸残基を含む、項目19〜23のいずれかに記載の方法。
上記骨関連障害が、原発性骨粗鬆症および続発性骨粗鬆症からなる群より選択される、項目18〜24のいずれかに記載の方法。
上記骨関連障害が、閉経後骨粗鬆症、性腺機能低下性の骨量減少、腫瘍により誘発される骨量減少、癌療法により誘発される骨量減少、骨転移、多発性骨髄腫、およびパジェット病からなる群より選択される、項目18〜24のいずれかに記載の方法。
第二の骨活性剤を投与する工程をさらに含む、項目18〜26のいずれかに記載の方法。
上記骨活性剤が、ビスホスホネート、エストロゲン、選択的エストロゲンレセプターモジュレーター、副甲状腺ホルモン、カルシトニン、カルシウム補助剤およびビタミンD補助剤からなる群より選択される、項目27に記載の方法。
(a)アクチビンアンタゴニストまたはActRIIaアンタゴニスト;および
(b)第二の骨活性剤;
を含む、薬学的調製物。
骨成長を促進するか、または骨密度を高める薬剤を同定する方法であって、該方法は、
(a)アクチビンアンタゴニストポリペプチドまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドと競合して、ActRIIaポリペプチドのリガンド結合ドメインに結合する試験薬剤を同定する工程;と、
(b)組織成長に対する該薬剤の効果を評価する工程;と
を含む、方法。
骨関連障害を処置するための医薬を作製するための、アクチビンアンタゴニストポリペプチドまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドの、使用。
骨関連障害を予防するための方法であって、該方法が、これを必要とする被験体に、有効な量のアクチビンアンタゴニストまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストを投与する工程を含む、方法。
上記被験体が、骨転移を伴う癌を有する、項目32に記載の方法。
上記被験体は、骨密度の低下、骨吸収、または骨転移の指標について陽性である、項目32〜33に記載の方法。
上記被験体が、骨減少を伴う癌治療レジメンのレシピエントである、項目32〜34のいずれかに記載の方法。
上記被験体は、骨減少を伴う癌を有する、項目32〜34のいずれかに記載の方法。
上記ポリペプチドがグリコシル化されている、項目1〜3のいずれかに記載のアクチビン結合ActRIIaポリペプチド、項目4〜5または29のいずれかに記載の薬学的調製物、あるいは、項目13〜28のいずれかに記載の方法。
患者の骨成長を促進するためおよび骨吸収を阻害するための方法であって、該方法が、有効な量のActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質を該患者に投与する工程を含み、該ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一のアミノ酸配列を含む、方法。
上記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも95%同一のアミノ酸配列を含む、項目38に記載の方法。
上記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を含む、項目38または39に記載の方法。
上記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む、項目38〜40のいずれかに記載の方法。
上記方法による上記患者の骨格筋質量の増加が、10%未満である、項目38〜41のいずれかに記載の方法。
上記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、上記患者において少なくとも0.2μg/kgの血清濃度に達するように投与される、項目38〜41のいずれかに記載の方法。
上記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、配列番号7のアミノ酸配列を有する、項目38〜43のいずれかに記載の方法。
上記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質の血中半減期が、15日と30日との間である、項目38〜44のいずれかに記載の方法。
上記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、週一回以下の頻度で上記患者に投与される、項目38〜45のいずれかに記載の方法。
上記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、月一回以下の頻度で上記患者に投与される、項目38〜46のいずれかに記載の方法。
骨成長を促進するか、骨密度を高めるか、または骨強度を高めるための医薬の調製のための、(a)配列番号2と少なくとも90%同一のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド;(b)配列番号3と少なくとも90%同一のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド;および(c)配列番号2から選択される少なくとも50個の連続したアミノ酸を含むポリペプチド;からなる群より選択されるポリペプチドの、使用。
骨関連障害を予防するための医薬の調製のための、アクチビンアンタゴニストポリペプチドまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドの、使用。
骨成長を促進するためおよび骨吸収を阻害するための医薬の調製のための、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一のアミノ酸配列を含むActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質の、使用。
骨成長を促進すること、骨密度を高めること、または骨強度を高めることに使用するための、(a)配列番号2と少なくとも90%同一のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド;(b)配列番号3と少なくとも90%同一のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド;および(c)配列番号2から選択される少なくとも50個の連続したアミノ酸を含むポリペプチド;からなる群より選択される、ポリペプチド。
骨関連障害の処置に使用するための、アクチビンアンタゴニストポリペプチドまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチド。
骨関連障害の予防に使用するための、アクチビンアンタゴニストポリペプチドまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチド。
骨成長を促進することおよび骨吸収を阻害することに使用するための、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一のアミノ酸配列を含む、ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質。
本開示は一部においては、アクチビンアンタゴニスト活性またはActRIIaアンタゴニスト活性を有する分子(「アクチビンアンタゴニスト」および「ActRIIaアンタゴニスト」)を用いて、骨密度を高め、骨成長を促進し、および/または骨強度を高めることができることを示す。特に本開示は、可溶形態のActRIIaが、インビボにおいてアクチビン−ActRIIaシグナル伝達の阻害物質としての役割を果たし、骨密度、骨成長および骨強度の増加を促進することを示す。骨成長を促進し、または骨量減少を阻害するほとんどの医薬品は、抗異化剤(一般に「異化剤」とも呼ばれる)(例えばビスホスホネート)または同化剤(例えば、適切に投与される副甲状腺ホルモン、PTH)として作用するが、可溶性ActRIIaタンパク質は異化作用および同化作用の両方を有し、二重の活性をもつ。したがって、本開示は、アクチビン−ActRIIaシグナル伝達経路のアンタゴニストを用いて、骨密度を高め、骨成長を促進できることを証明する。可溶性ActRIIaは、アクチビン拮抗作用以外の機序により骨に作用しうるが、本開示はなお、アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニスト活性にもとづき望ましい治療薬を選択できることを示す。したがって、一定の実施形態においては、本開示は、骨粗鬆症等の低骨密度または低骨強度を伴う病気を処置するため、または骨折した患者など、骨成長が必要な患者の骨成長を促進するために、アクチビン結合ActRIIaポリペプチド、抗アクチビン抗体、抗ActRIIa抗体、アクチビンまたはActRIIaを標的とする小分子およびアプタマー、および、アクチビンおよびActRIIaの発現を抑える核酸などを含む、アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストを使用する方法を提供する。さらに、可溶性ActRIIaポリペプチドは、筋肉量の一貫して測定可能な増加を生じさせることなく、骨成長を促進する。
1.概要
トランスフォーミング成長因子β(TGFベータ)スーパーファミリーには、共通の配列要素および構造モティーフを共有する、様々な成長因子が含まれる。これらのタンパク質は、脊椎動物および無脊椎動物の両方において、多種多様な細胞型に生体影響を及ぼすことが知られている。スーパーファミリーのメンバーは、胚発生過程におけるパターン形成および組織特定化に重要な機能を果たし、脂肪生成、筋形成、軟骨形成、心臓発生、造血、神経形成、および上皮細胞分化を含む様々な分化プロセスに影響しうる。ファミリーは、二つの一般的なブランチに分けられる:BMP/GDFおよびTGFベータ/アクチビン/BMP10ブランチであり、そのメンバーは、多様かつ多くの場合に相補的な効果を有する。TGFβファミリーのメンバーの活性を操作することで、生物に大きな生理的変化を生じうる場合が多い。例えば、Piedmontese種およびBelgian Blue種の牛は、筋肉量の際立った増加をもたらす、GDF8(別名マイオスタチン)遺伝子の機能喪失突然変異をもっている。Grobet等,Nat Genet.1997年,17(l):71−4。さらに、人間では、GDF8の不活性の対立遺伝子が、筋肉量の増加および並外れた力を伴うことが報告されている。Schuelke等,N Engl J Med 2004年,350:2682−8。
一定の態様においては、本発明はActRIIaポリペプチドに関する。本明細書で使用されるところの「ActRIIa」という用語は、任意の種のアクチビンIIa型レセプター(ActRIIa)タンパク質のファミリー、および突然変異誘発またはその他の修飾によりそのようなActRIIaタンパク質から得られた変異体をさす。本明細書におけるActRIIaへの言及は、現在同定されている形態のいずれか一つへの言及であるものとする。ActRIIaファミリーのメンバーは一般に、システインリッチ部分を伴う細胞外リガンド結合ドメイン、膜貫通ドメイン、およびセリン/トレオニン活性をもつと推測される細胞質ドメインからなる、膜貫通タンパク質である。
一定の態様においては、本発明は、本明細書に開示される断片、機能的変異体および融合タンパク質を含む任意のActRIIaポリペプチド(例えば可溶性ActRIIaポリペプチド)をコードする、単離および/または組換え核酸を提供する。例えば、配列番号4は、天然のヒトActRIIa前駆体ポリペプチドをコードし、他方で配列番号5は、加工されたActRIIaの細胞外ドメインをコードする。対象の核酸は、一本鎖でも二本鎖でもよい。このような核酸は、DNAまたはRNA分子でありうる。例えば、ActRIIaポリペプチドを作製する方法において、または(遺伝子治療アプローチなどにおける)直接的な治療薬として、これらの核酸を使用できる。
本明細書に提示されるデータは、アクチビン−ActRIIaシグナル伝達のアンタゴニストを用いて、骨成長および骨石灰化を促進できることを示す。可溶性ActRIIaポリペプチド、および特にActrlla−Fcが好ましいアンタゴニストであり、このようなアンタゴニストはアクチビン拮抗作用以外の機序により骨に影響しうるが(たとえばアクチビンの阻害は、薬剤が、TGFベータスーパーファミリーに属する他のメンバーをおそらく含む分子のスペクトルの活性を阻害する傾向の指標となり得、そのような集団的な阻害が、骨に対する所望の効果をもたらしうる)、抗アクチビン(例えばA、B、CまたはE)抗体、抗ActRIIa抗体、アンチセンス、ActRIIaの産出を阻害するRNAiまたはリボザイムの核酸および、特にアクチビン−ActRIIaの結合を阻害する、アクチビンまたはActRIIaのその他の阻害物質を含む、他のタイプのアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストも有用であると予想される。
一定の態様においては、本発明は、アクチビン−ActRIIaシグナル伝達経路のアゴニストまたはアンタゴニストである化合物(薬剤)を同定するための、ActRIIaポリペプチド(例えば可溶性ActRIIaポリペプチド)およびアクチビンポリペプチドの利用に関する。このスクリーニングで同定される化合物をテストして、インビトロで骨成長または石灰化を調整する能力を評価できる。選択的に、これらの化合物をさらに動物モデルでテストして、インビボで組織成長を調整する能力を評価できる。
一定の実施形態においては、本発明のアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニスト(例えばActRIIaポリペプチド)は、例えば、骨折、減少または脱灰を問わない骨損傷を伴う病気または状態を処置または予防するために使用できる。一定の実施形態においては、本発明は、治療的に有効な量のアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニスト、特にActRIIaポリペプチドを個体に投与することにより、骨損傷を処置または予防するための方法を、それを必要とする個体に提供する。一定の実施形態においては、本発明は、治療的に有効な量のアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニスト、特にActRIIaポリペプチドを個体に投与することにより、骨成長または石灰化を、それを必要とする個体において促進するための方法を提供する。これらの方法は、動物、より好ましくはヒトの、治療的および予防的処置を目的とする。一定の実施形態では、本開示は、低骨密度または骨強度の低下を伴う病気の処置のための、アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニスト(特に可溶性ActRIIaポリペプチド、およびアクチビンまたはActRIIaを標的とする中和抗体)の利用を提供する。
一定の実施形態では、本発明のアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニスト(例えばActRIIaポリペプチド)は、薬学的に受容可能な担体とともに調製される。例えば、ActRIIaポリペプチドは、単独で投与されてもよいし、医薬処方物(治療組成物)の成分として投与されてもよい。目的の化合物は、人間または動物用医薬品に用いられる、任意の便利な方法による投与のために調製されうる。
出願人は、必要最低限のリンカーにより、ヒトまたはマウスのFcドメインに融合されたヒトActRIIaの細胞外ドメインを有する、可溶性ActRIIa融合タンパク質を構築した。コンストラクトはそれぞれ、ActRIIa−hFcおよびActRIIa−mFcと呼ばれる。
(i)ミツバチメリチン(HBML):MKFLVNVALVFMVVYISYIYA(配列番号8)
(ii)組織プラスミノーゲン活性化因子(TPA):MDAMKRGLCCVLLLCGAVFVSP(配列番号9)
(iii)天然:MGAAAKLAFAVFLISCSSGA(配列番号10)。
正常な雌のマウス(BALB/c)に、ActRIIa−mFcを、1mg/kg/用量、3mg/kg/用量または10mg/kg/用量のレベルで、週に二回投薬した。骨塩密度および骨塩量がDEXAで判定された、図6を参照。
代替コンストラクトは、C末端テール(ActRIIaの細胞外ドメインの最後の15アミノ酸の欠失を有しうる。このようなコンストラクトの配列は、以下に示される(Fc部分は下線)(配列番号12):
本明細書に記載の全ての刊行物および特許は、個々の刊行物または特許が参照により組み込まれるものと特に示されたのと同様に、参照によりその全体がここに組み込まれる。
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- 本明細書中に記載される発明。
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