JP2009286582A - Shock absorber of elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shock absorber of an elevator capable of automatically correcting a buffer clearance in a predetermined dimension range without making a maintenance engineer enter a hoistway every time. <P>SOLUTION: This shock absorber has a spring member 13 arranged in a pit 11 of the elevator hoistway and absorbing its shock by receiving a counterweight 5 by a cylindrical pipe 38 when the counterweight 5 lifting and moving in the hoistway is excessively lowered, a ball screw device 26 as an adjuster for adjusting a height position of the cylindrical pipe 38, and a clearance measuring mechanism 40 for measuring the buffer clearance L. When the clearance measuring mechanism 40 detects that the buffer clearance L reaches a specified dimension or smaller, the ball screw device 26 is operated by control by a control device based on its signal, and the height position of the cylindrical pipe 38 is adjusted so that the buffer clearance L returns to a predetermined dimension range. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  This invention is provided in a pit portion at the bottom of a hoistway as a safety device for an elevator, and for mitigating an impact when a car or a counterweight which is an elevating body that moves up and down in the hoistway attempts to collide with the pit portion. The present invention relates to an elevator shock absorber.

  In elevators, as a safety device, it is required to provide a shock absorber that prevents the car or counterweight from colliding with the pit portion of the hoistway and stops the car or counterweight at a specified acceleration. . And it is prescribed | regulated that it is possible to use a spring-type shock absorber in the elevator of 60 m / min or less.

  In a spring-type shock absorber, in order to fully perform its function, the size of the clearance between the car or the counterweight and the shock absorber spring when the car or the counterweight is lowered to the specified bottom is set. It must be kept within the prescribed range at all times.

  FIG. 7 shows the overall configuration of a rope type elevator using a spring-type shock absorber. A hoisting machine 2 is installed in the hoistway 1 of the building, a main rope 3 is wound around the hoisting machine 2, and a car 4 and a balance as a hoisting body are placed in the hoistway 1 through the main rope 3. The weight 5 is suspended, and the car 4 and the counterweight 5 are moved up and down along the guide rails 6 and 7 by driving by the hoisting machine 2. This elevator has a machine room-less structure in which the hoisting machine 2 is attached to the upper part of the guide rail 6.

  The lowermost part of the hoistway 1 is a pit part 11 that reaches a level lower than the lowest floor of the building, and shock absorbers 12 respectively corresponding to the car 4 and the counterweight 5 are provided at the bottom of the pit part 11. Each shock absorber 12 includes a coil-shaped spring member 13.

  Then, when the car 4 or the counterweight 5 goes down the lower floor for some reason and descends and collides with the bottom of the pit part 11, the car 4 or the counterweight 5 corresponds to that. The impact is relieved by being received by the spring member 13 of the shock absorber 12 and elastically compressing the spring member 13.

  The spring member 13 of each shock absorber 12 is attached by welding onto each buffer base 14 installed at the bottom of the pit portion 11. The lower ends of the guide rails 6 and 7 are supported at both ends of the buffer base 14.

  By the way, in general, in a rope type elevator, a large initial elongation occurs in the main rope 3 for several months from the beginning of installation. The car 4 is controlled so that it always rises to a predetermined level position on the top floor regardless of the extension of the main rope 3, so that the car 4 reaches the top floor and the counterweight 5 is lowered to the bottom position. In this case, the counterweight 5 is further lowered from the predetermined level position by the extension of the main rope 3, and the size of the buffer clearance between the counterweight 5 and the spring member 13 of the shock absorber 12 is reduced by this lowering.

  In general, therefore, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, in the shock absorber 12 for counterweight, a spacer 16 is provided on the upper portion of the spring member 13, and a limit switch 17 is provided in the vicinity of the shock absorber 12. ing.

As shown in FIG. 8 (A), from a state in which a predetermined buffer clearance L ₁ is ensured between the counterweight 5 and the spacer 16, a buffer clearance lowers the position of the weight 5 balance elongation of the main rope 3 when a predetermined dimension smaller than L _2, in contact with the weight 5 is limit switch 17 balance as shown in FIG. 8 (B), the signal due to this contact is sent to the control panel of the elevator, it buffers clearance equal to or less than a predetermined size It will be notified.

In response to this notification, elevator maintenance person enters the hoistway 1, remove the spacers 16 from the upper portion of the spring member 13 as shown in FIG. 8 (C), the buffer clearance is within a predefined dimension L ₁ By amending so, it is made to respond to the extension of the main rope 3.

Then, further cause elongation in the main rope 3, as shown in FIG. 8 (D), down to a position where the counterweight 5 is in contact with the limit switch 17, when the buffer clearance becomes L ₂ is a main rope 3 A truncation operation is performed to cope with it.

Techniques for automatically measuring the dimensional change of the buffer clearance are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-252044 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-26621 (Patent Document 2).
JP 7-252044 A JP-A-8-40664

  As can be seen in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-252044 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-26621 (Patent Document 2), the change in the size of the buffer clearance due to the elongation of the main rope is automatically measured. The technology is generally known.

  However, after the measurement, means and apparatus for automatically correcting the buffer clearance within the predetermined size range have not yet appeared, and at the time of correction, maintenance personnel enter the hoistway and cope with the work of removing the spacer. . When maintenance personnel enter the hoistway and work, the efficiency is low, and there is a risk that the worker may fall when entering the hoistway, and the appearance of a shock absorber capable of automatic correction is desired.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to such points, and the object of the present invention is to automatically correct the buffer clearance within a predetermined range without maintenance personnel entering the hoistway. It is an object to provide an elevator shock absorber.

  In order to achieve such an object, the invention of claim 1 is provided in a pit portion of an elevator hoistway, and when the elevating body that moves up and down in the hoistway is lowered too much, the elevating body is received by the receiving portion. Measures the buffer clearance between the shock absorber that receives and reduces the impact, the height adjustment mechanism that adjusts the height position of the shock absorber receiving portion, and the lower portion of the shock absorber receiving portion and the lifting body And a clearance measuring mechanism, and when the clearance measuring mechanism detects that the buffer clearance is equal to or less than a predetermined dimension, the height adjusting mechanism is operated based on the signal to set the buffer clearance to a predetermined dimension. And a control means for performing control for returning to the range.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, the shock absorber absorbs the shock of the lifting body by an elastic deformation operation and relaxes the shock absorber, and a receiving portion provided on the shock absorber via the height adjusting mechanism. The height adjusting mechanism is supported on a base provided on the buffer member via a support member, and can be moved up and down by operation of a height adjuster. A movable plate having the receiving portion on the upper surface, and the height adjuster operates under the control of the control means, so that the movable plate moves up and down, and the height position of the receiving portion is adjusted. It is characterized by that.

  The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that a ball screw device is used as the height adjuster.

  The invention of claim 4 is characterized in that a rack and pinion device is used as the height adjuster.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the support member for supporting the movable plate includes a cylinder and a piston rod that can be reduced and moved relative to the cylinder, and the movement of the piston rod can be locked at a predetermined position. A possible hydraulic cylinder device is used.

  The invention of claim 6 is characterized in that the lock of the piston rod is released by the control by the control means when the height adjuster operates.

  The invention of claim 7 is characterized in that the clearance measuring mechanism is constituted by a non-contact type sensor.

  The invention according to claim 8 is characterized in that the buffer member is constituted by a coil-shaped spring member, and the receiving portion is constituted by a coil-shaped auxiliary spring member provided detachably on the movable plate. .

  According to the present invention, it is possible to automatically correct the buffer clearance within a predetermined range without maintenance personnel entering the hoistway one by one.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part corresponding to the conventional structure, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

  FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of the shock absorber 12 according to the first embodiment. In the shock absorber 12, a movable spacer 20 is provided on an upper portion of a spring member 13 as a shock absorbing member, and the spring member 13 and the movable spacer 20 constitute a shock absorber. The movable spacer 20 functions as a height adjusting mechanism, and its external appearance is shown in FIG.

  The movable spacer 20 functioning as the height adjusting mechanism includes a square plate-like base 21, and a cylindrical tube 22 is attached to the center of the lower surface of the base 21, and the cylindrical tube 22 is an inner peripheral portion of the spring member 13. The base 21 is horizontally supported on the upper end surface of the spring member 13.

  Above the base 21, a movable plate 25 is supported horizontally via a plurality of hydraulic cylinder devices 24 that function as support members. The movable plate 25 has a rectangular plate shape that is the same shape as the base 21, and is supported via cylinder devices 24 provided at three corners thereof so as to face the base 21. A ball screw device 26 is provided between the base 21 and the movable plate 25 as a height adjuster in the remaining corner portion.

  The ball screw device 26 includes a screw shaft 27 and a nut 28 screwed onto the outer periphery of the screw shaft 27, the screw shaft 27 is attached to the base 21, and the nut 28 is attached to the movable plate 25. The screw shaft 27 is attached to the base 21 so as to be rotatable and immovable in the axial direction. A motor 30 with an encoder is attached to the lower surface of the base 21, and a screw shaft 27 is directly connected to a rotation shaft of the motor 30 with an encoder.

  As shown in FIG. 3, each cylinder device 24 includes a cylinder 31 in which oil is stored, and a piston rod 32 that is attached to the cylinder 31 so as to be extendable and contractable. A piston rod 32 is attached to the movable plate 25 and attached to the base 21.

  A piston 33 is slidably accommodated in the cylinder 31, and a piston rod 32 is coupled to the piston 33. And, the inside of the cylinder 31 is partitioned into a first oil chamber 31a and a second oil chamber 31b by the piston 33, and the first oil chamber 31a and the second oil chamber 31b are connected via the flow path 34, As the oil in the cylinder 31 flows from the first oil chamber 31a to the second oil chamber 31b through the flow path 34, the piston 33 descends, and the overall length (height dimension) of the cylinder device 24 is reduced. Yes.

  A solenoid valve 35 is provided in the middle of the distribution path 34. The solenoid valve 35 shuts off the flow when the oil in the cylinder 31 is about to flow from the first oil chamber 31a to the second oil chamber 31b and the piston rod 32 by blocking the flow. The operation is based on a predetermined signal in an OFF state in which the movement of the camera is locked.

  A cylindrical tube 38 is attached to the center of the upper surface of the movable plate 25 so as to face the lower surface of the counterweight 5 and to receive the counterweight 5, and spans between the movable plate 25 and the counterweight 5. A clearance measuring mechanism 40 is provided. The clearance measuring mechanism 40 includes, for example, a light emitting element 40a provided on a part of the upper surface of the movable plate 25, and a light receiving element 40b provided on a part of the lower surface of the counterweight 5, and the light receiving element 40b to the light receiving element 40b are provided. This is a non-contact type sensor that optically measures the size of the buffer clearance L between the lower surface of the counterweight 5 and the upper end of the cylindrical tube 38 by the change in the intensity of light incident on.

  FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the control circuit. The motor 30 with encoder, the solenoid valve 35, and the clearance measuring mechanism 40 are connected to a control device 44 having a microcomputer.

  Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.

  In the state of FIG. 5A, the base 21 of the movable spacer 20 and the movable plate 25 are separated from each other at a predetermined interval, and a buffer clearance L having a predetermined dimension is secured. Further, the solenoid valve 35 of each cylinder device 24 is in an OFF state, and the movement of the piston rod 32 is locked.

  The elevator operation is continued under such a state. Then, during the operation, when the main rope is initially stretched or stretched due to aging, and the balance weight 5 falls below a predetermined level and the size of the buffer clearance L decreases by, for example, Smm, the decrease is caused by the clearance measuring mechanism 40. Then, a signal of Smm data based on the detection is sent to the control device 44.

  In response to the input of this signal, the control device 44 calculates the rotational speed of the motor 30 with an encoder corresponding to Smm, and outputs the signal to the motor 30 with an encoder. Along with this, the encoder-equipped motor 30 rotates by a predetermined number of rotations. Further, when a signal for decreasing the buffer clearance L is output from the clearance measuring mechanism 40 to the control device 44, the solenoid valve 35 of each cylinder device 24 is changed from the OFF state to the ON state by the control of the control device 44 based on the signal. Can be switched.

  When the encoder-equipped motor 30 rotates, the screw shaft 27 of the ball screw device 26 rotates in one direction integrally with the motor 30, and the rotation of the screw shaft 27 causes the nut 28 to move as shown in FIG. It moves downward along the screw shaft 27 integrally with the movable plate 25. At this time, the rotation speed of the motor 30 with the encoder is controlled so that the movable plate 25 is lowered by Smm integrally with the nut 28.

  When the motor 30 with an encoder is driven, each solenoid valve 35 is in an ON state, that is, the oil in the first oil chamber 31a of each cylinder device 24 can flow into the second oil chamber 31b through the flow path 34. Therefore, the piston rod 32 of each cylinder device 24 descends in accordance with the driving of the motor 30 and the downward movement of the movable plate 25 is allowed, and the movable plate 25 rotates the screw shaft 27. Depending on the, it moves smoothly down.

  The rotation speed of the motor 30 with the encoder is controlled by the control device 44 so that the movable plate 25 is lowered by Smm. When the movable plate 25 is lowered by Smm, the driving of the motor 30 is stopped, and the solenoid valve 35 is turned on. Switch from on to off.

  Thus, the movable plate 25 is lowered by Smm, so that the buffer clearance L caused by the extension of the main rope is automatically corrected to a predetermined size range. Such an operation is repeated every time the main rope is stretched beyond a certain level.

  Therefore, there is no need for a maintenance person to enter the hoistway to measure the dimensional change of the buffer clearance L, or to manually correct the size of the buffer clearance L in accordance with the measurement. It can be managed efficiently.

  On the other hand, when the counterweight 5 is lowered beyond a predetermined level position for some reason, the counterweight 5 collides with the cylindrical tube 38 of the shock absorber 12. And the spring member 13 is elastically compressed by this collision, and the impact of the collision is relieved by this compression, and safety is achieved.

  When the counterweight 5 collides with the cylindrical tube 38, the impact is received by the movable plate 25. The movable plate 25 is supported on the base 21 via a plurality of cylinder devices 24, but each cylinder device 24 is provided with a solenoid valve 35, and normally an oil flow path 34 via these solenoid valves 35. Is cut off and the cylinder device 24 is in a solid locked state. Therefore, the energy of impact at the time of the collision of the counterweight 5 is effectively transmitted to the spring member 13 through each cylinder device 24, and thus the energy is transmitted to the spring member 13. Can be absorbed properly.

  By the way, when carrying out construction such as elevator renovation or renewal, the weight of the car or the balance weight may increase or decrease due to a change in the design of the car. In this case, the shock absorber must be changed to one corresponding to its mass. That is, the spring constant of the shock absorber must be changed by replacing the spring member.

  However, the spring member is welded to the buffer base. Therefore, when replacing the spring member, the welded portion must be cut and a new spring member must be welded again, which is a laborious and time-consuming operation.

  Therefore, in the shock absorber 12 according to the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 6, a coil-shaped auxiliary spring member 50 is attached to and detached from the movable plate 25 in place of the cylindrical tube in the first embodiment. The other parts are configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment. In this case, the auxiliary spring member 50 serves as a receiving portion for the counterweight 5, and the interval between the upper end of the auxiliary spring member 50 and the lower end of the counterweight 5 is the buffer clearance L.

  In the shock absorber 12, the counterweight 5 collides with the auxiliary spring member 50 when the counterweight 5 falls below a predetermined level for some reason. The auxiliary spring member 50 and the spring member 13 on the buffer base 14 are elastically compressed by this collision, respectively, and the energy of the collision is absorbed by this compression, and safety is achieved.

The overall spring constant K of the shock absorber 12 is set such that the spring constant of the spring member 13 is K1, and the spring constant of the auxiliary spring member 50 is K2.
K = (K ₁ · K ₂ ) / (K ₁ + K ₂ )
It becomes.
Therefore, if the auxiliary spring member 50 is replaced and its spring constant K2 is changed, the overall spring constant K of the shock absorber 12 can be set to a desired value.

  That is, according to this embodiment, when the mass of the counterweight 5 is increased or decreased due to renovation or renewal of the elevator, the spring constant corresponding to the change in the mass of the auxiliary spring member 50 on the movable plate 25 is set. The shock absorber 12 can be adapted to its refurbishment or renewal by a simple operation of replacing the auxiliary spring member 50 with the auxiliary spring member 50.

  In each of the above embodiments, the ball screw device 26 is used as the height adjuster. However, a rack and pinion device or the like can be used instead of the ball screw device 26. Further, although the clearance measuring mechanism 40 is constituted by an optical sensor, it can also be constituted by a non-contact type sensor such as a magnetic type or an ultrasonic type.

The front view which shows the buffering device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows the movable spacer of the buffer device. Sectional drawing which shows the cylinder apparatus of the shock absorber. The block diagram which shows the control circuit of the buffer device. The front view for demonstrating the effect | action of the buffer device. The front view which shows the buffering device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows the structure of an elevator provided with the conventional buffer device. The front view for demonstrating the effect | action of the conventional buffering device.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Hoistway, 2 ... Hoisting machine, 3 ... Main rope, 6.7 ... Guide rail, 11 ... Pit part, 12 ... Buffering device, 13 ... Spring member, 14 ... Buffer stand, 20 ... Movable spacer, 21 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Base, 22 ... Cylindrical tube, 24 ... Hydraulic cylinder device, 25 ... Movable plate, 26 ... Ball screw device, 27 ... Screw shaft, 28 ... Nut, 30 ... Motor with encoder, 31 ... Cylinder, 31a ... First Oil chamber, 31b ... second oil chamber, 32 ... piston rod, 33 ... piston, 34 ... flow path, 35 ... solenoid valve, 38 ... cylindrical tube, 40 ... clearance measuring mechanism, 40a ... light emitting element, 40b ... light receiving element 44 ... control device, 50 ... auxiliary spring member.

Claims (8)

A shock absorber provided in the pit portion of the elevator hoistway, and receiving the hoisting body at the receiving portion when the elevating body moving up and down in the hoistway is lowered too much, and cushioning the impact;
A height adjustment mechanism for adjusting the height position of the receiving portion of the shock absorber;
A clearance measuring mechanism for measuring a buffer clearance between a receiving portion of the shock absorber and a lower portion of the lifting body;
When the clearance measuring mechanism detects that the buffer clearance is less than or equal to a predetermined dimension, the height adjustment mechanism is operated based on the signal to return the buffer clearance to a predetermined dimension range. Control means to perform;
An elevator shock absorber characterized by comprising: The shock absorber has a shock absorbing member that absorbs and relaxes the impact of the lifting body by an elastic deformation operation, and a receiving portion provided on the shock absorbing member via the height adjusting mechanism,
The height adjusting mechanism is supported by a base provided on the buffer member and a support member on the base, and can be moved up and down by an operation of a height adjuster. A movable plate having a portion,
2. The elevator shock absorber according to claim 1, wherein when the height adjuster is operated by the control of the control unit, the movable plate moves up and down, and the height position of the receiving portion is adjusted. .   The elevator shock absorber according to claim 2, wherein a ball screw device is used as the height adjuster.   The elevator shock absorber according to claim 2, wherein a rack and pinion device is used as the height adjuster.   A hydraulic cylinder device that includes a cylinder and a piston rod that can be reduced and moved relative to the cylinder as a support member that supports the movable plate, and that can lock the movement of the piston rod at a predetermined position. The elevator shock absorber according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the elevator shock absorber is used.   The elevator shock absorber according to claim 5, wherein the lock of the piston rod is released by the control by the control means when the height adjuster operates.   7. The elevator shock absorber according to claim 1, wherein the clearance measuring mechanism is constituted by a non-contact sensor.   The said buffer member is comprised by the coil-shaped spring member, and the said receiving part is comprised by the coil-shaped auxiliary | assistant spring member provided so that attachment or detachment to the said movable plate was possible. Elevator shock absorber.

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