JP2006508788A - 被覆繊維板付き粒子捕集器 - Google Patents
被覆繊維板付き粒子捕集器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006508788A JP2006508788A JP2004556117A JP2004556117A JP2006508788A JP 2006508788 A JP2006508788 A JP 2006508788A JP 2004556117 A JP2004556117 A JP 2004556117A JP 2004556117 A JP2004556117 A JP 2004556117A JP 2006508788 A JP2006508788 A JP 2006508788A
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- fiberboard
- particle collector
- exhaust gas
- coating
- catalytic converter
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 59
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 9
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012210 heat-resistant fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009925 jellying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
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- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
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- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2027—Metallic material
- B01D39/2041—Metallic material the material being filamentary or fibrous
- B01D39/2044—Metallic material the material being filamentary or fibrous sintered or bonded by inorganic agents
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/88—Handling or mounting catalysts
- B01D53/885—Devices in general for catalytic purification of waste gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/0226—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Pt/Pd=2/1
担体容積1リットル当たり0.93〜1.2グラムのPt
担体容積1リットル当たり0.46〜0.6グラムのPd
Pt/Rh=5/1
担体容積1リットル当たり1.16〜1.5グラムのPt
担体容積1リットル当たり0.23〜0.3グラムのRh
Claims (11)
- 自動車用内燃機関(13)の排気ガスを浄化するための開放形粒子捕集器(2)用の金属繊維から成る耐熱繊維板(1)において、該繊維板が少なくとも1つの区域(3)に酸化触媒コンバータ、三方触媒コンバータおよびSCR触媒コンバータの少なくとも1つの触媒活性被覆(4)を備えることを特徴とする繊維板。
- 被覆(4)がウォッシュコート(5)を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の繊維板。
- 繊維板(1)が多孔質性の焼結および/又は繊維材料を含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の繊維板。
- 繊維板(1)が0.082mm以下の平均直径(7)を持つ繊維(6)を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から3の1つに記載の繊維板。
- 繊維板(1)が、少なくとも50%の多孔率を有することを特徴とする請求項1から4の1つに記載の繊維板。
- 繊維板(1)が縦断面(8)において最大外側面(9)に対して主に平行に複数の開口(10)を有し、該開口(10)が平均して0.01〜0.5mmの広がり寸法(11)を有することを特徴とする請求項1から5の1つに記載の繊維板。
- 繊維板(1)が3mm以下の厚さ(12)を有することを特徴とする請求項1から6の1つに記載の繊維板。
- 自動車用内燃機関(13)の排気ガスを浄化するための粒子捕集器(2)において、
部分的に組織化された少なくとも1つの金属箔(14)および請求項1から7の1つに記載の少なくとも1つの耐熱繊維板(1)を有し、複数の金属箔(14)と複数の繊維板(1)が互い違いに重ね合わせてハウジング(15)内に配置されたことを特徴とする粒子捕集器。 - 粒子捕集器(2)の軸線(16)に対し平行な複数の通路(17)が存在し、該通路(17)の少なくとも一部に案内面(18)が突出し、該案内面は通路(17)を貫流するガス流を繊維板(1)に向けて転向させることを特徴とする請求項8記載の粒子捕集器。
- 粒子捕集器(2)の容積(20)に対し、被覆量が20〜300グラム/リットルの範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項8又は9記載の粒子捕集器。
- 少なくとも1つの部分的に組織化された金属箔(14)が複数の切欠き開口(19)を有し、該開口(19)が少なくとも1つの組織幅(36)にわたって延びていることを特徴とする請求項8から10の1つに記載の粒子捕集器。
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DE10257113A DE10257113A1 (de) | 2002-12-05 | 2002-12-05 | Partikelfalle mit beschichteter Faserlage |
PCT/EP2003/012455 WO2004050219A1 (de) | 2002-12-05 | 2003-11-07 | Partikelfalle mit beschichteter faserlage |
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JP (2) | JP2006508788A (ja) |
KR (2) | KR101030145B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100371564C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003288011A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE10257113A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2388136T3 (ja) |
MY (1) | MY142591A (ja) |
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JP2014534063A (ja) * | 2011-10-26 | 2014-12-18 | ダブリュ.エル.ゴア アンド アソシエイツ,インコーポレイティドW.L. Gore & Associates, Incorporated | 濾過モジュール |
JP2015509135A (ja) * | 2011-11-30 | 2015-03-26 | エミテック ゲゼルシヤフト フユア エミツシオンステクノロギー ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | 排気処理装置の拡散ブロック層 |
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US20050232830A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
JP5118162B2 (ja) | 2013-01-16 |
KR101030145B1 (ko) | 2011-04-18 |
ES2388136T3 (es) | 2012-10-09 |
US7985380B2 (en) | 2011-07-26 |
RU2333788C2 (ru) | 2008-09-20 |
US20080250775A1 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
DE10257113A1 (de) | 2004-06-24 |
EP1567247B1 (de) | 2012-05-23 |
KR101099890B1 (ko) | 2011-12-28 |
MY142591A (en) | 2010-12-15 |
RU2005121123A (ru) | 2007-01-10 |
PL377509A1 (pl) | 2006-02-06 |
KR20050084183A (ko) | 2005-08-26 |
CN100371564C (zh) | 2008-02-27 |
WO2004050219A1 (de) | 2004-06-17 |
AU2003288011A1 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
PL394470A1 (pl) | 2012-01-16 |
CN1720093A (zh) | 2006-01-11 |
KR20100010941A (ko) | 2010-02-02 |
US7563414B2 (en) | 2009-07-21 |
EP1567247A1 (de) | 2005-08-31 |
JP2010149119A (ja) | 2010-07-08 |
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