EP4291726A1

EP4291726A1 - Anchor for absorbing forces and/or transferring forces into a subsoil, yard ware and insertion and fastening method

Info

Publication number: EP4291726A1
Application number: EP22711474.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerolda Fulde
Original assignee: ITA Technologietransfer GmbH
Current assignee: ITA Technologietransfer GmbH
Priority date: 2021-02-13
Filing date: 2022-02-14
Publication date: 2023-12-20
Also published as: DE202021000550U1; WO2022171253A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an anchor (1) for absorbing forces and/or transferring forces into a subsoil (15), in particular for slope protection, having the following features: a. the anchor (1) comprises a flexible textile material (3), and b. the anchor (1) is tubular in form, and c. the anchor (1) has a large number of openings such that a filling material (9) can flow at least partially through the textile material (3). Furthermore, the invention relates to yard ware, in particular fabric, which, along its length, comprises anchors (1) for absorbing forces and/or transferring forces into a subsoil (15), and to a method for inserting and securing an anchor (1) in a subsoil (15) in order to absorb forces and/or transfer forces into the subsoil (15), in particular for slope protection.

Description

ANCHORS FOR TAKING AND/OR TRANSFERRING FORCES INTO SUBSTRATE, BY THE METER AND METHODS OF INSTALLATION AND ATTACHMENT

The invention relates to an anchor for absorbing and/or transmitting forces in a subsoil, as well as bulk goods and a method for inserting and fastening an anchor in a subsoil.

Anchors are components that transfer forces into the ground or rock via tension members. In particular, there are unstressed and stressed anchors.

Unstressed ground and rock anchors can be used to fix support structures in the ground. These anchors can increase the tensile and shear strength of the soil. Together with a reinforced shotcrete layer, a composite body is preferably produced, which has a supporting effect similar to a gravity wall. Among the unstressed anchors there are in particular the temporary ones, which are mainly used for excavation work for building pits, as well as the permanent ones, which are preferably used to secure flange slides, to stabilize embankments and to strengthen existing support structures.

There are also the tensioned anchors, which are preferably used when large forces are to be introduced into the existing building ground in an economical manner. Below that are the temporary anchors and the permanent anchors. The temporary anchors are mainly used to secure excavations and embankments, permanent anchors, for example, for flange protection, retaining walls, flanged bridges, bridge abutments, buoyancy protection, cavern protection or machine and mast foundations. Permanent anchors are preferably extensively protected against corrosion in order to be suitable for a long service life.

For the active stabilization of embankments or the attachment of protective nets, tension elements are usually installed in a grid pattern in the subsoil. These so-called anchors, nails or micropiles are usually Steel rod anchors or rigid rope anchors made of wire strands. In the boreholes in the subsoil, for example in rock or soil, the anchors are usually connected to the subsoil by frost-resistant anchor mortar. After the filling material has hardened, the usual bond strength of 100 kN to 2,000 kN is achieved, depending on the anchor strength and the size of the lateral surface of the compression. The filling material is, for example, mortar.

DE 1 784630 discloses a rebar made of steel which has opposite helical ribbing. Due to the coarse thread, this is largely insensitive to dirt and enables a uniform transmission of force into the mortar. The tension member known as "GEWI" is often used as a loosely installed anchor or nail in slope protection.

A fastening anchor for snow guard nets and rockfall structures made from a wire rope is described in CH 672.934 A5. This has a free end stiffened with a rod, which is pushed into the borehole, and has a pressed loop on the air side for the introduction of the tensile force. This construction has the advantage that the fastening eyelet can be adjusted in the direction of pull.

EP 1 772 559 A1 discloses a wire rope anchor which consists of a sheathed rope loop and in which both rope ends are connected to one another by a connecting and screwing element. This is screwed inside the borehole as an attachment with a rod-shaped tension element and the borehole is then grouted.

In concrete construction, rods made of fiberglass composite material are used as formwork anchors. These are used in particular in temporary anchoring technology in tunnel construction. WO 2012/053901 describes a reinforcement bar and its filing position, which consists of basalt, carbon, fiberglass or similar fibers which are connected to one another by a matrix. The length of the prefabricated rods is given as 20 mm to 200 mm with a diameter of 2 mm to 10 mm. In the application described, the bars are then poured into concrete as reinforcement. The installation and use of anchors usually take place under aggressive environmental conditions and under difficult working conditions. Under these conditions, conventional steel-based anchors have significant disadvantages in terms of weight, corrosion resistance and use of materials. They also require considerable drilling and installation work. Due to their bar shape, all known anchors also have the disadvantage that they cannot interlock directly with the subsoil. The adhesion and the transmission of forces take place indirectly via the cement stone of the anchor mortar. In the case of heavily fractured rock, mortar losses often occur, which can have negative effects on the load-bearing capacity of the anchorage.

The present invention is based on the object of providing an improvement or an alternative to the prior art.

According to a first aspect, the task at hand is achieved by an anchor for absorbing forces and/or transmitting forces into a subsoil, in particular for securing slopes, for anchoring protective structures against natural hazards and for general geotechnical applications. The anchor has a flexible textile material. The anchor is tubular. The anchor has a large number of openings, so that the textile material can be at least partially flowed through by a filling material.

The following is explained conceptually:

In the context of this application, flexible materials should be understood as bendable, elastic and/or stretchable. The flexibility should be set in such a way that a person should be able to deform the material without the aid of tools.

Tubular means that the armature in an ideal state or in a basic form has a cylindrical outer surface which encloses a hollow space on the inside. In this state, the armature has a circular cross-section. Due to the flexibility of the anchor, however, it can be assumed that the cross-section of the anchor also has other geometries in addition to the ideal condition or in the basic form. The other geometries are preferably ellipsoidal and/or polygonal. Mixtures of such geometries can of course also be present. The anchor can also be completely laid flat. In the flattened state, the cavity is usually completely collapsed. The flattened anchor is particularly advantageous for its transport and insertion into the ground.

The openings can be customized to suit different application requirements. The degree of penetration of the filling material, for example a mortar, can be varied by different configurations of the openings. The openings can be varied in size, position and/or number. Depending on the filling material, there may be different application requirements. In the case of mortar as the filling material, it may be preferable for the openings to be larger. In the case of a resin as the filling material, it may be preferable for the openings to be made smaller. It may be preferable to have sections along the anchor that have different numbers and/or sizes of openings. There may be sections that have no openings. Such sections are preferably arranged in the region of a loop that will be described below.

In the ideal state or in the basic form, the armature preferably has a diameter in the range from 5 mm to 500 mm; the armature particularly preferably has a diameter of 10 mm to 300 mm in the ideal state or in the basic form. The anchor has a length of 30 cm to 20 m, preferably the anchor has a length of 1 m to 10 m. This length refers to the anchor when installed. If the anchor has the loop described below, this length can vary depending on the arrangement of the hose ends. For example, if the hose is doubled, the above length can be twice as large.

It is expressly pointed out that in the context of the present patent application, indefinite articles and indefinite numbers such as "one...", "two..." etc. should generally be understood as minimum information, i.e. as "at least one...", "at least two..." etc., unless it follows from the context or the specific text of a specific passage that there is only "exactly one...", "exactly two...". “ etc. should be meant. Furthermore, all numbers are given as well as information on process parameters and/or device parameters to be understood in the technical sense, ie to be understood as provided with the usual tolerances. Even from the explicit specification of the restriction "at least" or "at least" or similar, it must not be concluded that simply using "a", i.e. without specifying "at least" or similar, means "exactly a” is meant.

In the present case, the underground is to be understood as below the surface of the earth. It can be a layer of soil below the topsoil or a rock. The subsoil can also be an area in an overhanging area of a rock or similar.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor is designed in such a way that when it expands in the radial direction it can be pressed against a subsurface surface, preferably a borehole surface.

In the present case, expansion is to be understood as meaning the transfer of the tube into the described ideal state or into the basic shape.

In one embodiment of the invention, the filling material is present inside the anchor. This describes the anchor in a fully installed state in the subsoil.

In one embodiment of the invention, the textile material is designed in such a way that it can be expanded in the radial direction when pressed with the filling material, in particular with mortar, fluff or another hardening substance. In this embodiment, therefore, an outer circumference of the armature can be enlarged.

In one embodiment of the invention, the textile material is flexible in relation to its axis. In this case, the axis is not a continuous perfect straight line.

In one embodiment of the invention, the textile material is designed to be elastic and/or plastically stretchable in its axis of stretching.

In one embodiment of the invention, the armature has a surface coating. This surface coating can, for example, be a protective layer be, which protects the textile material from environmental influences and / or mechanical Be loads. Advantageously, this treatment ensures a certain degree of dimensional stability, which allows for better insertion of the anchor into the drilled hole.

In one embodiment of the invention, the textile material of the anchor has fibers with a modulus of elasticity of more than 50 GPa, in particular the modulus of elasticity is in the range from 60 GPa to 250 GPa, preferably in the range from 90 GPa to 230 GPa, especially preferably in the range of 100 GPa to 230 GPa. The modulus of elasticity, also E modulus, tensile modulus, coefficient of elasticity, elongation modulus or Young's modulus, is in particular a material parameter from materials engineering that describes the proportional relationship between stress and strain during the deformation of a solid body in the case of linear elastic behavior. The modulus of elasticity increases with the resistance that a material offers to its elastic deformation.

In one embodiment of the invention, the textile material of the anchor has fibers with a fiber tensile strength in terms of a maximum mechanical tensile stress of more than 500 MPa, the textile material of the anchor particularly preferably has fibers with a fiber tensile strength of more than 1,500 MPa.

The fiber tensile strength R _m results from the quotient of the maximum tensile force Fmax on the fiber, divided by the original cross-sectional area of the fiber So. Since this is a stress, the unit of R _m is N/mm ² or MPa. Since the tensile strength R _m depends on the material, it is usually not calculated directly, but is determined using a destructive tensile test on a test specimen. Proportional fibers are usually used in this so-called tensile test. With these standard samples, the initial length is usually L0 = 5 ^* d0 or L0 = 10 ^* d0. In general, the specimens are clamped in a tensile testing machine without deflection and subjected to a homogeneous uniaxial tensile stress (tensile force). During the test, the tensile force is increased slowly (quasi-statically) until the fiber breaks or tears. In one embodiment of the invention, the textile material of the anchor has fibers from the group consisting of glass fibers, basalt fibers, carbon fibers and UHMWPE fibers or mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the textile material of the anchor has textile-joined metal fibers.

The metal fibers are preferably metal fibers which consist of the group consisting of metal, metal alloys, plastic-coated metal, metal-coated plastic and a completely metal-coated core. The metal is preferably a metal from the group consisting of stainless steel, nickel, titanium, copper and aluminum, or alloys thereof. Metal fibers can be provided with a transparent coating to prevent tarnishing and/or corrosion. The metal fibers can be sheared using wire (steel wool) or foil as the starting material, or they can be bundled from larger diameter wires, drawn from an ingot, cast from molten metal, or can be cast around a core (core fiber, often carbon). spun sheath fibers may be formed. The metal fibers can run along a main axis of extension of the anchor. It is preferred that the metal fibers are arranged annularly or helically along the anchor.

In one embodiment of the invention has at least partially biodegradable fibers.

A design with biodegradable fibers is particularly preferred for anchors that are only temporarily installed in the ground. Due to the biodegradable fibres, the anchor does not have to be taken out of the ground again, especially if it is a temporary anchor after which it is no longer needed, but it can be left there as it is biodegradable . In a further exemplary embodiment, it can be preferred that only parts of the textile material are biodegradable and that other parts of the anchor are not biodegradable. Such a design can be advantageous, for example, if the biodegradable fibers are necessary for the installation of such an anchor, for example in order to provide a holding structure which is no longer necessary after installation of the anchor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor has a tensile strength in the range from 50 kN to 6000 kN, preferably in the range from 100 kN to 2000 kN, particularly preferably in the range from 200 kN to 800 kN.

In the present case, the tensile strength designates the maximum mechanical tensile stress with which the anchor can be loaded before it is damaged or becomes detached from the substrate.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor has an end anchor head, which is designed as a splice. In another variant, the anchor head can be manufactured at the factory and attachments such as threaded rods, eyelets or similar can be laminated in.

Alternatively, the anchor head at the end can be designed as a splice after the anchor has been installed in the ground. The splice is usually an unbreakable, permanent, non-detachable connection of the textile material by interlacing the individual fibers. The splice can be an eye splice, for example, in which one end of the textile material is worked into the textile material, also called the standing part, in such a way that an eye is formed. It is significantly more resilient than a knotted loop. The splice can be, for example, a back splice, in which the end of the textile material is separated into its fibers and then spliced backwards into the same textile material. This creates different terminations at the end of the rope. Back splices are, for example, the "Takling", which thickens the end of the textile material and can prevent slipping through an eyelet in particular.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor has a loop. The loop is particularly preferably designed in such a way that two ends of the textile material are arranged parallel at least in sections. In terms of knots, the loop is a fixed eye (O-shaped piece) that does not come loose and does not tighten. The loop can be formed as a fixed eye. In the preferred case, the loop is a closed bay in which two ends of the textile material are guided in parallel. The ends of the textile material are preferably guided in the closed bay in such a way that they have the same length.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor has at least one connec tion element, via which it can be coupled to external attachments.

The connecting element can be a thimble or thimble. A thimble is a reinforcement often made of metal or plastic. The connecting element can be spliced in or pressed into the textile material. The external attachments can be, for example, screws, shackles, eyelets, hooks or ropes.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor has a seal section in which the cross section of the anchor can be expanded to form a seal.

The seal section is a local thickening of the anchor. In conjunction with a corresponding widening in the subsoil, for example in a borehole, this can increase the strength of the anchor. The widening in the subsoil can have been introduced by a special drilling process or, for example, by blasting after drilling. A so-called deadman anchorage is created by the seal section of the anchor. In contrast to conventional rod anchors, the anchor according to the invention cannot be torn out of the substrate or the mortar due to the complete enclosure of the seal section. This leads to increased load bearing capacity or increased tensile strength. The seal section can be produced, for example, by thickening the anchor when it is filled with the filling material. It may be preferred that the textile material already has a larger local extent before the filling material is introduced. This seal section can preferably be arranged at the lower end of the anchor. However, it is also conceivable that the seal section is not arranged at the end of the anchor. Embodiments are possible in which the anchor has a plurality of seal sections.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor has a weight of less than 1 kg/m. The anchor particularly preferably has a weight of less than 0.5 kg/m.

Due to its low weight, the anchor is particularly easy to transport. A low weight is an advantage, especially in the mountains, where slope protection plays a special role. Metal anchor rods or nails are usually used to secure slopes. These are heavy and unwieldy. They have to be transported with heavy equipment and are also difficult to handle during installation. Installation is facilitated by the low weight of the anchor according to the invention.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor is designed to be transported as rolls of goods.

It is preferred that the flexible textile material is available as rolled goods and can be transported on a roll. The flexible textile material of the anchor is particularly preferably designed as bulk goods. With this design, it can be adapted to the respective needs before installing the anchor by shortening it.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor has a flexible cross-sectional geometry, preferably the cross-sectional geometry is circular, ellipsoidal or polygonal. The flexible cross-sectional geometry makes it particularly easy to transport the anchor, for example as the suggested rolled goods. The different geometries are provided with a variation braider, for example.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor has, in particular, a netzar-term structure.

The network is preferably designed like a tube. However, it is also conceivable for the net to be flat and laid to form a tube. When the mesh is laid in a tubular manner, it is preferable that there is a portion where the mesh is laid in an overlapping manner. The overlap preferably comprises a connection of two layers. This connection can be glued or sewn.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor has a plurality of strands of fibers which, at least in sections, are regularly intertwined as a braid. In the present case, the braid is a product of intertwined strands. There may be areas formed from unentangled strands.

In one embodiment of the invention, the textile material of the anchor preferably has at least two thread systems, one thread system being the warp thread and another being the weft thread. The thread systems are in particular at least partially present as a woven fabric. In the present case, the fabric is a textile fabric that consists of at least two thread systems, warp and weft, which intersect in a pattern at an angle of exactly or approximately 90° when viewed on a fabric surface. The thread systems can also be made up of several types of warp or weft.

In one embodiment of the invention, the textile material of the anchor is present as Raschel knitted fabric or Raschel fabric. A knitted fabric is usually a material made (knitted) from thread systems by stitch formation on a knitting machine. In one embodiment of the invention, the textile material of the anchor preferably has a plurality of strands of fibers which are present at least in sections as a net by knotting. The knotted mesh preferably has high strength filaments. The mesh is preferably knot-fixed and dimensionally stable. The network preferably has a low stretch and is characterized by high stability.

In one embodiment of the invention, the textile material of the anchor is present as a textile fabric in the form of a felt. Preferably the felt is material made by pressing individual fibers.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor has a biaxial structure with ring-shaped warp strands. In the case of biaxial fabrics, two layers of different fibers are generally laid at an angle of ± 45°.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor has annular and/or helical reinforcements for absorbing compressive forces. The reinforcement is preferably an insert, for example made of a fabric or metal, which increases the pressure stability of the textile fabric. Particularly in the case of the helical reinforcement, it is preferred that the armature has two or more reinforcements which are arranged in opposite directions in a helical shape.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor additionally has an integrated grouting line into which the filling material can be introduced and/or grouted. The injection line is particularly preferably combined with a design with an end splice or a loop of the type described. The grout line makes it particularly easy to fill the tubular anchor with a filling material without having to expose one end of the anchor beforehand. It is preferred that the injection line is made detachable. This design makes it possible to remove the injection line after filling with a filling material. In combination with the injection line, it is preferred that the anchor has an injection line opening into which the injection line is introduced before the filling material is introduced. In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor has structures, in particular structures optimized for load absorption.

The load-bearing-optimized structures are preferably introduced by means of production as variation braids. With variation braiding, complex braided structures can be incorporated into the textile material. With variation braiding, variable braid structures can be realized over the braided section. Such mesh structures can significantly increase the stability of the textile material.

In one embodiment of the invention, one end of the anchor can be closed by knotting, gluing, clamping or sewing.

This design makes it possible to fill the armature with a filling material in a particularly simple manner, since the filling material cannot escape at the end before the armature is sufficiently filled with filling material. Especially when the anchor is available as rolled goods, it is preferred that the anchor can be closed at the installation site. In the simplest case, it is a knot at the end of the anchor. However, it can be preferred that the anchor is closed by gluing, clamping or sewing.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anchor is designed to be connected to an embankment protection, in particular to an embankment protection net. For example, the anchor has a suitable attachment means such as a flake or a sling or an elastic element for this purpose.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the task at hand is achieved by a piece of merchandise which, lengthwise, comprises the anchor of the type described in relation to the first aspect of the invention.

The piece goods preferably have at least one segment, with the segment being designed as an anchor. In other words, the meter goods can be in the frame of the present invention can be designed as an arbitrarily long line-up of anchors according to the invention, one segment in particular corresponding to a length of the piece goods provided for an anchor. The meter goods can, for example, be divided into the respective segments by cutting.

According to a third aspect of the invention, the task at hand is a method for inserting and fastening an anchor in a subsoil for absorbing forces and/or transmitting forces into the subsoil, in particular for securing slopes, for anchoring protective structures against natural hazards and for general geotechnical purposes Applications is provided.

It is preferred that the anchor is tubular. The armature can be designed as an armature according to the invention. The anchor preferably has a textile tiles material.

The anchor is placed in a hole in the ground. The hole can be dimensioned in such a way that the anchor can be inserted without tools. In the case of smaller holes or in the case of holes in an overhang, it is preferable for the anchor to be introduced into the hole with an applicator. In the simplest case, this applicator is a rod with the aid of which the anchor can be introduced to a rear end of the hole.

In the present case, the underground is to be understood as below the surface of the earth. It can be a layer of soil below the topsoil or a rock. The subsoil can also be an area in an overhanging area of a rock or the like.

The filling material is then placed in the hole. It is advantageous if the filling material is filled from a delimitation of the hole remote from the surface, quasi the rear end of the hole in the subsoil, up to a mouth of the hole. In this way, for example, air pockets or incompletely filled holes can be avoided in a particularly simple manner. The filling material is then cured and/or solidified. In the simplest case, the filling material hardens itself after some time. Hardening or solidification can occur without any intervention due to the material properties of the filling material. This process is preferably completed after a time that is characteristic of the filling material used. Only after complete hardening and/or solidification can the anchor be fully loaded.

Within the scope of the invention, the hole can already be present, so that, for example, a crevice in the rock is used to insert the anchor therein. Alternatively, the hole can be drilled into the ground as part of the process. The anchor can be inserted completely, i.e. until the anchor reaches the boundary of the hole that is remote from the surface, or only partially inserted into the hole.

The filling material is placed to the anchor in the hole in the ground.

It is preferable that the filling material is introduced directly into an inner space of the anchor. Alternatively, the filling material can also be placed in the hole in relation to the anchor, ie not in the interior of the anchor. With such a filling, the armature preferably has openings through which the filling material can at least partially flow into an interior space of the armature.

The filling material is advantageously introduced into the hole in the ground by being pressed into the interior of the tubular anchor. The anchor is preferably designed in such a way that the anchor rests essentially flat against a wall of the hole in the ground. In other words, the anchor is expanded in particular by being filled, so that it rests against the wall of the subsoil in one expansion direction. The wall can be a material border around the hole, the hole representing an empty volume inside this material border.

In addition, it can be provided that the filling material is introduced into the hole in the subsoil by being pressed into the interior of the tubular anchor in a grouting line integrated in the anchor. The injection line is preferably carried out in accordance with the type described above. It can be advantageous if the filling material is pressed into the interior of the tubular anchor in such a way that the filling material flows at least partially to the outside through a large number of openings in the textile material. In other words, it is in particular not necessary for the filling material to be able to completely penetrate each of the openings in the textile material. Alternatively, it can be provided that the openings are completely flowed through.

In addition, the method may include the following further feature of sealing at least one end of the tubular anchor such that the filling material cannot escape from the end of the tubular anchor when placed within the interior of the tubular anchor. The at least one end can correspond to an end remote from an entrance of the underground hole and/or an end close to the entrance of the underground hole.

Furthermore, the following additional feature can be provided in the method, that the hole is made in the subsoil, preferably the hole is drilled and/or blasted. Alternatively or additionally, the hole can be drilled into the ground using one of the following methods:

- by shaking or vibrating with a lance into sandy soil,

- by crafting an Erosion Column,

- through the targeted rinsing out of the loose subsoil,

- by shooting the anchor into a particularly soft subsoil with compressed air.

In a further example, the hole has a widening, preferably at the bottom of the hole. Furthermore, the filling material can be pressed into the interior of the tubular anchor in such a way that the anchor forms a seal at the level of the widening. This seal can be arranged at the lower end of the anchor, ie at the bottom of the hole. However, it is also conceivable that the lead seal section is not arranged at the end of the anchor, but instead, for example, in a middle position between a hole entrance of the underground surface and a hole bottom. Embodiments are possible in which the armature has several seal sections.

Furthermore, it can be provided in the method that the anchor is guided centrally through a closing element, preferably a claw plate, which is positioned resting on an embankment protection, preferably an embankment protection net. In addition, an elastic element can be clamped together on the plate, in particular subsequently. The elastic element can be designed as a sphere. An air-side anchor end can then be closed. This can advantageously lead to a preload, in particular in the range from 1 kN to 10 kN, preferably around 5 kN, being applied between the anchor and the slope protection.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. show there

1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the anchor according to the invention,

2 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the anchor according to the invention, the anchor being introduced into a borehole,

3 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the anchor according to the invention, the anchor resting against the wall of the borehole,

4 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the anchor according to the invention, with a connection of a traction cable being effected via a loop,

4a shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the anchor according to the invention, the anchor having a grout line,

5 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the anchor according to the invention, with the borehole having a widening,

6 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the anchor according to the invention, where there are also anchorages in the rock. The basic form of the embodiment variant of an anchor 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a braided hose with a circular cross-section 2, which usually has a diameter of 10 mm to 300 mm. The hose advantageously consists of highly modular fiber fabrics or twisted/stranded filaments 3, which usually have a filament tensile strength of at least 1,500 MPa. Mineral fibers, carbon fibers, UFIMWPE plastic fibers or high-strength steel fibers, preferably made of stainless steel, are preferably used. These are preferably joined using textile manufacturing techniques such as braiding, knitting or knotting. The fibers and rope strands can also be connected to one another by a matrix and/or have a protective surface coating. Advantageously, this treatment ensures a certain dimensional stability, which allows better insertion of the anchor 1 into a hole 4 . The anchor 1 according to the invention is usually characterized by a system tensile strength which is between 100 kN and 2,000 kN. The usual installation lengths are between 1 m and 10 m.

2 shows an anchor 1 placed in a hole 4 before it is pressed with a filling material 9 . It is clear here that the anchor 1 is not yet in full contact with the wall of the hole 4 . The end 8 of the anchor 1 inserted in the hole 4 can be closed in situ, for example by knotting, clamping or gluing. The filling material 9 , in particular mortar, is advantageously pressed from the bottom 6 of the hole. For this purpose, a grouting line 7, which is routed inside the anchor 1, is introduced into the hole 4 together with the anchor 1. A further variant includes an already integrated compression line 7 made of a PE pipe or a textile hose. By Ver pressing 7, which is usually done with mortar as a filler 9, the anchor 1 expands and lies against the hole surface 5 (see Fig. 3). In this way, a surface toothing and a cohesive adhesion is achieved, which produces a direct power transmission after the filling material 9 has hardened. Due to the teeth and an enlarged adhesive surface, the anchor diameter and length can be significantly reduced compared to conventional systems. By using the materials glass fibres, basalt fibres, carbon fibres, UHMWPE fibers or similar fibres, the usual corrosion protection requirements are met. The usually required mortar cover can thus be significantly reduced, which also contributes to a reduction in the borehole diameter. In addition, these materials are advantageously largely biochemically stable.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, a pull rope 12 is connected to the anchor 1 via a loop 10 designed as a splice 11. A loop 10 is formed before the pressing by pushing through the free end of the anchor on the air side. The loop end is kept in the borehole and this is then filled up to the mouth of the borehole with filling material 9, in particular mortar.

FIG. 4a shows an application variant of the anchor from FIG. 4, in which the anchor 1 has a grout line 7 . The grouting line 7 enables the filling material 9 to be introduced into the interior of the anchor 1 in a particularly simple manner. In this exemplary embodiment, the grouting line 7 can be removed after grouting, so that the anchor 1 is present without a grouting line 7 after installation.

FIG. 5 shows an application variant in which a widening 13 was produced at the bottom of the hole 6 by the drilling method or subsequent to the drilling, for example by blasting. Due to the widening 13 of the armature 1 in the compression Ver a seal 14 is generated at the bottom of the hole 6, through which a so-called dead man's anchorage can be created. In contrast to a conventional rod anchor, the anchor 1 according to the invention cannot be torn out of the filling material 9 due to the complete surround of the seal 14 and thus an increased load-carrying capacity can be generated.

In Fig. 6 a training variant is shown, which is used for anchoring in the sub-ground, in this case a rock. In the hole 4, open fissures 16 can lead to uncontrolled escape and loss of the filling material 9. The permeability of the anchor 1 fluid can be adjusted by the selected fine mesh of the textile used in such a way that only the amounts of filling material 9 required for the attachment of the anchor 1 can penetrate through the textile. An uncontrolled loss of filling material 9 along the fissures is thus prevented and for a complete backfilling of the anchor 1 required grouting pressure can be built up.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the anchor 1 according to the invention, which was attached to an embankment safety device 19 . It is shown schematically that the anchor 1 has been introduced into a hole 4 . At the air-side end of the anchor 1, which is in the direction of the ground surface, the anchor 1 is guided centrally by a closing element 18, in particular a claw plate. This is positioned overlying an embankment protection device 19, which is designed as a safety net. By compressing an elastic element 20 on the closing element 18 and closing the air-side anchor end, an advantageous pretension can be applied between the anchor 1 and the slope protection 19, in particular 5 kN.

Due to the low dead weight, the lower use of material and the possibility of significantly reducing the drilling effort, anchoring systems with the textile anchor according to the invention have a significantly better CO ² balance than conventional systems. Through the use of mineral fibers or fibers that are biodegradable over the long term, the textile hose anchors can be used to advantage for securing embankments where vegetation is to take over the long-term stabilization or for areas that are to be used for agriculture.

The embodiments shown here are only examples of the present invention and should therefore not be understood as limiting. Alternative embodiments contemplated by those skilled in the art are equally encompassed within the scope of the present invention. List of reference symbols used

1 anchor

2 anchor cross-section

3 textile material

4 hole

5 hole surface

6 hole bottom

7 injection line

8 Locked anchor end

9 filling material

10 loop

11 splice

12 traction rope

13 expansion

14 seal

15 underground

16 Open fissures

17 Fine-mesh textile

18 closing element

19 slope protection

20 elastic element

Claims

patent claims

1. Anchor (1) for absorbing forces and/or transferring forces into a substrate (15), in particular for securing slopes, with the fol lowing features: a. the anchor (1) has a flexible textile material (3), and b. the anchor (1) is tubular, and c. the anchor (1) has a large number of openings, so that the textile material (3) can be at least partially flowed through by a filling material (9).

2. Anchor (1) according to claim 1, having the following further feature: a. The anchor (1) is designed in such a way that when it expands in a radial direction it can be pressed against a subsurface surface, preferably a drilled hole surface (5).

3. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further features: a. the filling material (9) is introduced into the interior of the anchor (1).

4. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further features: a. the textile material (3) is designed in such a way that when it is pressed with the filling material (9), in particular with mortar, resin or another hardening substance, is expandable in the radial direction.

5. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further features: a. the textile material (3) is flexible in relation to its axis.

6. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further features: a. the anchor (1) has a surface coating.

7. Anchor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, having the following further features: a. The textile material (3) of the anchor (1) has fibers with a modulus of elasticity of more than 50 GPa, in particular the modulus of elasticity is in the range from 60 GPa to 250 GPa, preferably in the range from 90 GPa to 230 GPa, especially preferably in the range of 100 GPa to 230 GPa, and b. the textile material (3) has a tensile strength of more than 800 N/mm ² , preferably more than 1,500 N/mm ² .

8. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the textile material (3) of the anchor (1) has fibers from the group consisting of glass fibers, basalt fibers, carbon fibers and UHMWPE fibers or mixtures thereof.

9. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the textile material (3) of the anchor (1) has textile-joined metal fibers.

10. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the textile material (3) of the anchor (1) has at least partially biodegradable fibers.

11 . Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the anchor (1) has a tensile strength in the range from 100 kN to 2,000 kN, preferably in the range from 200 kN to 800 kN.

12. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the anchor (1) has an anchor head at the end, which is designed as a splice (11).

13. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the anchor (1) has a loop (10), the loop (10) is preferably designed in such a way that two ends of the textile material (3) are arranged parallel, at least in sections.

14. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the armature (1) has at least one connecting element, via which it can be coupled to external add-on parts.

15. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the armature (1) has a seal section in which the armature cross-section (2) can be expanded to form a seal (14).

16. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the anchor (1) has a weight of less than 1 kg/m, preferably the anchor (1) has a weight of less than 0.5 kg/m.

17. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with the following further feature: a. the anchor (1) is designed to be transported as rolled goods to who.

18. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the anchor (1) has a flexible cross-sectional geometry, preferably the cross-sectional geometry is circular, ellipsoidal or polygonal.

19. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the textile material (3) of the anchor (1) has a net-like structure.

20. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. The textile material (3) of the anchor (1) has several strands of fibers, which are regularly intertwined as a mesh, at least in sections.

21 . Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further features: a. the textile material (3) of the anchor (1) has at least two thread systems, one thread system being present as a warp thread and another as a weft thread, and b. the thread systems are present at least in sections as a fabric.

22. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the textile material (3) of the anchor (1) is in the form of a Raschel knit or Raschel fabric.

23. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. The textile material (3) of the anchor (1) has several strands of fibers, which are present at least in sections as a net by knotting.

24. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the textile material (3) of the anchor (1) is present as a textile fabric in the form of a felt.

25. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the anchor (1) comprises a biaxial scrim with annular warp strands.

26. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the armature (1) comprises annular and/or helical reinforcements for absorbing compressive forces.

27. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the anchor (1) comprises an integrated grouting line (7) into which the filling material (9) can be introduced and/or pressed.

28. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further feature: a. the anchor (1) has structures, in particular structures optimized for load absorption, which are created by manufacturing with a variation braid.

29. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further features: a. one end of the anchor (1) is closed by knotting, gluing, clamping or sewing.

30. Anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following further features: a. the anchor (1) is designed to be connected to an embankment safety device (19), in particular to an embankment safety net.

31. Meter goods, in particular fabric that includes anchors (1) lengthwise for absorbing forces and/or transmitting forces in a substrate (15), in particular for securing slopes, with the following feature: a. the piece goods comprise at least one segment, the segment being designed as an anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

32. A method for inserting and fastening an anchor (1) in a substrate (15) for absorbing forces and/or transmitting forces into the substrate (15), in particular for securing slopes, with the following features: a. the armature (1) is designed according to any one of claims 1 to 30, and b. the anchor (1) is introduced into a hole (4) in the subsoil (15), and c. the filling material (9) is introduced into the hole (4), and d. the filling material (9) is hardened or solidified.

33. The method according to claim 32, having the following further feature: a. the filling material (9) is introduced into the hole (4) by being pressed into the interior of the tubular anchor (1), so that the anchor (1) rests essentially flat against a wall of the sub-floor (15).

34. The method as claimed in claim 32 or 33, having the following additional feature: a. the filling material (9) is introduced into the hole (4) by being pressed into the interior of the tubular anchor (1) in a grouting line (7) integrated into the anchor (1).

35. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 34, having the following additional feature: a. the filling material (9) is pressed into the interior of the tubular anchor (1) in such a way that the filling material (9) flows at least partially through the plurality of openings in the textile material (3).

36. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 35, having the following additional feature: a. at least one end of the tubular anchor (1) is closed so that the filling material (9) cannot escape from the end of the tubular anchor (1) when it is introduced into the interior of the tubular anchor (1).

37. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 36, having the following additional feature: a. the hole (4) is introduced into the subsoil (15), preferably the hole (4) is drilled and/or blasted.

38. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 37, having the following additional features: a. the hole (4) has a widening (13), preferably at the bottom of the hole (6), and b. the filling material (9) is pressed into the interior of the tubular anchor (1) in such a way that the anchor (1) forms a seal (14) at the level of the widening (13).

39. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 38, having the following additional features: a. the anchor (1) is guided centrally through a closing element (18), preferably a claw plate, which is positioned resting on an embankment safety device (19), in particular on an embankment safety net, and b. An elastic element (20) is compressed on the closing element (18) and thus pretensioned, and c. the air-side anchor end is closed.