EP2135667B1 - Cavitator - Google Patents

Abstract

The cavitator has a cavitator tube (1) comprising an inlet opening (3a) for supplying flow-through components, and an outlet opening (19) for discharging a mixture. Barrier bodies (8a, 8b) e.g. plate-shaped barrier bodies, lie in an inner space (1a) of the cavitator tube transverse along a main flow direction (10). Flow gaps are provided between outer edges of the barrier bodies and the cavitator tube. The cavitator tube is combinedly flanged in individual axial tube sections, which are a product inlet (2), a cavitation cone (3) and an axial feed-through (4).

Description

The invention relates to a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer. Such cavitation mixers are in the documents EP-A-1 780 176 . SU 1790438 . EP1749562A and EP-A-1359997 described.

II. Technical background

As is known, with such mixers, a suspension or emulsion is produced with little effort and without mechanically driven parts, by initially generating vapor-filled gas bubbles in the liquid flowing along, which subsequently collapse again in an implosion-like manner.

When this collapse of a large number of bubbles, the so-called cavitation bubbles, occurs near the interface between two phase regions, say large oil droplets in water, the second component, in this case the oil droplets, is torn into smaller units and thereby a very fine mixing of the two components and thus produces a very stable suspension or emulsion.

The generation of cavitation bubbles is done in a flowing liquid by a drop in the static pressure below the vapor pressure of the liquid, thereby forming vapor-filled gas bubbles, eg. B. due to a current narrowing.

When the static pressure then increases again due to a widening of the flow cross-section and the static pressure again exceeds the vapor pressure, the gas bubbles collapse.

The static pressure becomes zero or negative in the case of water when the flow velocity reaches a certain value dependent on environmental conditions, e.g. B. at the trailing edges about 14 m / sec., Exceeds.

The constriction and subsequent expansion of the flow cross section can be achieved by an obstacle body is arranged in a flow chamber, wherein the remaining gap z. B. between obstacle body and surrounding housing of the flow chamber forms the bottleneck.

By multiple arrangement of such obstacle bodies behind each other, for reasons of space preferably in the form of transverse to the flow direction discs, the cavitation effect is multiplied, special in the flow direction, the annular gap area decreases from one disc to the next respectively.

In addition, cavitation fields forming in the cavities field form in the cavities between the obstacle bodies, and the spatial superimposition of the individual cavitation fields produces a so-called super-cavitation field, which causes a multiplication of the cavitation effect of each individual cavitation field.

The reduction of the annular gap area in the direction of flow is z. B. caused by a decreasing in the pressure flow direction cross section of the Kavitatorrohres and a particular smaller analog diameter obstacle, so the obstacle body on the axial rod, and the axial displacement of the entire Obstisbäumchens relative to Kavitatorrohr by the Axialstange of Obstacle tree axially from a closed end the Cavitatorrohres is led out and can be adjusted axially there.

If the emulsion or suspension to be processed is a foodstuff, or if it is necessary to comply with hygienic conditions for other reasons, additional problems arise:

If the Kavitatorrohr composed of several individual parts, especially in the axial direction adjoining individual parts, but also from two split in the longitudinal half shells, so must be arranged between gaskets that leave between seal and surrounding material smallest cavities in which collect and multiply germs can. In addition, the individual parts which are to be joined together, usually to be screwed, must fit tightly against one another and as cavity-free as possible in order to reduce these possibilities of contamination as far as possible.

On the other hand, if the cavitator tube is made from as few as possible, in particular a single piece, then either the production effort is very high or the assembly of the obstacle tree to be arranged therein is not possible or very expensive.

If the individual sections of the Kavitatorrohres welded later with flange, with which the individual sections of Kavitatiorrohres can be screwed against each other later, so depending on the subdivision of Kavitatorrohres the welds between the flange and actual pipe section not treated, in particular sanded or other ways the Welds are smoothed for lack of accessibility in the welded state. This in turn creates the risk of remaining in the weld, the interior of the Kavitatorrohres open pores, which in turn can serve as a deposit site and propagation for germs.

In addition, the welding of flanges extends the total length of the Kavitatorrohres and thus forcibly also the length of the obstacle tree, which, however, anyway in terms of its stability Reason the high forces occurring in the operation is always already at the stability limit.

If the welds are in areas in which only laminar flows prevail during operation of the cavitator, these areas are not optimally self-cleaned by the flow of the medium.

III. Presentation of the invention a) Technical task

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a cavitator, which is simple and inexpensive to manufacture and yet meets the stated hygiene requirements.

b) Solution of the task

This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.

Characterized in that the Kavitatorrohr consists of individual sections, in particular separate sections for product inlet, Kavitationskonus and AxialstangenDurchführung in the flow direction one behind the other, arranged on these individual pipe sections welds can be achieved before Zusammenflanschen well and the welds are reworked, in particular sanded or otherwise and manner of the surface of the weld to be eliminated to the interior of the cavitator out.

Preferably, however, the Befestigungsfla n cal are not welded to these individual pipe sections but made in one piece with these pipe sections from the solid, in particular turned from solid, so that no welds arise that can raise the problems described.

The discharge chamber, which contains the radially outflowing product outlet, is a purchased as a purchased part tee, which thus may indeed have a weld between the radial pipe section and extending in the longitudinal direction pipe section, but this weld was pore-free treated by the manufacturer, which is possible in mass production and specialized devices. At the axial ends of this T-tube piece, the required flanges are welded and the welds aftertreated to close pores.

Between the individual pipe sections, which are preferably fixed axially against each other by screwing the flanges, gap-free seals, in particular so-called germ-free seals, are used, which prevent the deposition of germs for lack of residual space between seal and surrounding material and in the seal.

In this case, the arrangement of seals is recommended in such a manner that the main flow direction does not coincide with the direction of the seals, so the seals are preferably arranged in the circumferential direction or radial transverse direction of the main flow direction, and thus the individual sections of which the Kavitatorrohr consists , connect to each other in the axial direction.

Also, to avoid deposits and to improve the self-cleaning effects in the operation of the cavitator, the Obstisbäumchen, the transitions between the obstacle bodies and the axial bar carrying them executed rounded, in particular with a radius of curvature of at least 1 mm, better at least 10 mm, and also all inner edges , In particular annular inner edges, on the inner surfaces of the cavitator, in particular the inner edges between cylindrical and conical sections of the cavitator. A very critical area from a hygienic point of view is still the passage of the axial rod through the front end of the closed Kavitatorrohres, namely the portion of the Axialstangendurchführung.

The annular gap between the axial rod and the receiving, surrounding component is preferably sealed with a gap-free, in particular germ-free, seal such as a lip seal and only in the simple case of an O-ring seal.

In order nevertheless to be able to remove there forming germs without having to disassemble the cavitator, in the region of the rod passage through the housing in the annular gap opens one or better two opposing cleaning lines, through which a cleaning fluid, such as steam, in the annular gap - And can be dissipated and thereby kills germs formed there.

Upstream and downstream of the mouths of the cleaning lines of this annular gap is sealed by appropriate seals.

The product inlet preferably takes place for the main component in the axial direction through a corresponding opening in the product inlet, wherein the components to be added are supplied at a lower proportion than the main component preferably via corresponding radially outflowing supply lines in the product inlet, and preferably in or before the first cross-sectional constriction in the section of product enema.

By forming the first obstacle body as a baffle plate, so with one of the flow direction of the first component as strong a obstacle bidding, baffle, which is even or concave against the onflowing first component, alternatively by this first obstacle body through countercurrent second Component be supplied so that the two components in the area at or immediately before the Already by the impact of the first component, the impact surface should be strongly mixed with the baffle plate.

Instead of preparing a mixture, an already existing mixture may be processed with an analogous device for the purpose of stabilization, by then supplying the mixture to be stabilized instead of the first component, and no further component being supplied beyond, thus also no inlet opening for the second Component as well as a supply piping is needed.

The impact and the mixing is therefore particularly strong mixing, because beyond the first obstacle body, the flow direction of the first component counteracting, no support the flow is opposed, because this first as well as the following obstacle bodies can be formed on a particular in the form of a central axis Holder, which approaches from the opposite direction, ie opposite to the flow direction of the first component, are held in the center of the flow chamber.

By the first component in the flow direction after the inlet opening first a cross-sectional constriction and then a cross-sectional expansion, both preferably in a cone shape, passes through the cross-sectional expansion, a negative pressure generated by the first component in the flow chamber in front of the baffle plate, which supplies the second component in the flow chamber sucked in and also improves the mixing.

A smaller in terms of its area flow gap measured in the main flow direction, ie the flow direction of both the first component alone and the mixture from the supply of the second component, can be achieved in particular in combination with the impact of the first component on the first obstacle body that the Remove obstacle body in its cross section in the main flow direction and so that the length of the annular gap around the obstacle body around, and thus form a narrowing in the flow direction cone.

In this case, the wall of the surrounding housing can run parallel to the cone of the obstacle body or even be formed more conical (larger angle at the apex of the cone), which further increases the effect of the decreasing annular surface. But also a weaker cone shape (lesser angle) at the top of the cone of the housing is possible, which weakens the effect caused by the conical shape of the obstacle body somewhat.

The concavely formed impact surface causes - above all with more or less centric impingement of the first component on the baffle plate and centric feeding of the second component - an approximately toroidal turbulence of the mixture and thereby a new approach of the rebounded from the baffle mixture to the baffle, where the mixture is additionally mixed again by the again impinging first component.

The effect can be further improved by the supply of the second component on the baffle of the first obstacle body is not distributed centrally, but decentralized distributed at several input openings annularly around the center of the baffle, and the impact of the first component remains central.

The central axis for fixing the obstacle body can be used at the same time hollow as a pipe for feeding the second component to the baffle.

The effect of cross-sectional expansion and turbulence is all the better when between the cross-sectional expansion and the baffle plate is a distance of approximately constant cross-section of the housing in order to stabilize the pressure conditions over the cross section in the first component on this route.

The mixture produced is discharged via an outlet opening, which flows out of the housing preferably radially, in particular in the form of a radial annular gap.

The efficiency of the device, which is usually used in an existing pipeline, can be increased by - for example, depending on the flow rate in the feeding tube, the viscosity of the individual components and their miscibility - the obstacle bodies are axially adjusted, in their Distance to each other and / or in groups or even total relative to the surrounding housing, whereby in a conical housing and the absolute size of the annular gap surfaces is changed.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the obstacle bodies are on the one hand plate-shaped in order to simplify and reduce production, and in particular are made so thin that they can oscillate at their free edges in the direction of flow, which facilitates the generation and tearing off of vapor bubbles.

Likewise, this development is facilitated by a possible sharp-edged formation of the trailing edges of the obstacle body, ie z. B. the plates.

The flow gap between obstacle bodies and housing can at z. B. round obstacle bodies, ie discs, the radial gap between the free outer peripheral edge of the discs and the surrounding housing.

However, other embodiments are possible in which, for example, the plate-shaped obstacle body at its radially outermost point quite reach the housing and are connected to this, but not for example over the entire circumference, but only in segments, and in the segments between radially extending slots or gaps are present, which can be offset from each other in the axial direction from one obstacle body to the next and serve as flow-through gaps.

The formation of vapor bubbles and thus the occurrence of cavitation is further promoted by the largest possible length of the fouling edges.

For this purpose, especially in the case of disk-shaped obstacle bodies with the circumference as a spoiler lip, these can be increased in their length by corrugated or jagged formation, wherein the odd course can be present either in axial direction or in transverse direction thereto or in both directions.

If the odd, so wavy or jagged shape opens up when viewed in the axial direction, and the surrounding housing - viewed in the axial direction - may be formed analogously, so that over the entire circumference a respective constant cross section between the housing and spoiler edge is met or the housing is formed inside continuously round, so that change in the circumferential direction, the distances to the trailing edge.

In addition, if the device is designed so that in their operation certain flow conditions are met, the cavitation effect is particularly pronounced:

Thus, the cross-sectional constriction should be dimensioned after the inlet opening so that the flow velocity at the narrowest point of the cross-sectional constriction corresponds to the flow velocity in the flow gap of the last obstacle body. In contrast, the flow rate behind it, at the outlet after the last obstacle body, should be slightly higher than in the flow gap at the last obstacle body.

A particularly simple embodiment is provided when round disks with a diameter that remains the same in the flow direction are used as obstacle bodies, and the decreasing annular gap is achieved by the housing tapering in the main flow direction. However, this effect is less pronounced than with conically smaller obstacle bodies, in particular slices.

Furthermore, a strong cross-sectional constriction downstream of the inlet opening is particularly advantageous, so that the flow velocity increases by a factor of 9-13, in particular by a factor of 10.sup.-12, in particular by a factor of 10.5-11, from the inlet opening to the narrowest point of the cross-sectional constriction. 5, increased.

It is also advantageous if the obstacle bodies are positioned and dimensioned relative to one another and / or to the surrounding housing in such a way that the flow velocity in the flow gap at the last obstacle body in the flow direction is 1.8 to 2.5 compared to the passage gap for the first obstacle body. in particular increased by 2.0 - 2.3.

The same applies if it is achieved that the flow velocity increases from one to the next obstacle body in the respective passage gap by a factor of 1.1 - 1.4 in each case.

As the optimal ratio between simple design and high efficiency of the device, a number of obstacle bodies between 3 and 10, in particular between 5 and 7, has been found.

If the thickness is between 1 and 4 mm, in particular between 2 and 3 mm, in the case of metal disks, in particular made of stainless steel, the production is very simple, in particular a cutting edge standing at right angles to the main plane of the plates can be used. and the plates are still sufficiently elastic.

The axial distance from center to center of two adjacent obstacle body should be between two times and seven times the thickness of the plates, in particular three times to five times.

The radial width of the annular gap between the outer circumference of the plate-shaped obstacle body and the housing should be between 1 and 5 mm, in particular between 1.5 and 3.8 mm.

Moreover, an axial length of the constant cross-section of the housing between the cross-sectional expansion and the baffle plate of 0.7 to 1.4 times the diameter after cross-sectional expansion, that is, the constant cross-section, has been found to be advantageous.

Likewise, the inner free diameter after the cross-sectional expansion, so on the route with a constant cross section between 0.9 and 2.0 times, in particular between 0.9 and 1.1 times, the free cross section of supply and / or discharge piping amount.

Preferably, in particular, the first obstacle body formed as a baffle plate, possibly also the second obstacle body, will have a substantially greater extent in the axial direction than the remaining, rather plate-shaped obstacle bodies. These thicker in the axial direction first obstacle body preferably have on its outer circumference on an annular circumferential concave indentation, so that they each have two annular circumferential, axially spaced Abrisskanten, the indentation should correspond to at least the size of the radial width of the annular gap, preferably a multiple of this gap.

The demolition edges are particularly effective when viewed in cross-section have an acute angle of less than 60 °, in particular less than 50 ° or even 45 °, and thus are particularly sharp.

In this case, the first tear-off edge of the first obstacle body in the main flow direction should preferably still be in the range of the constant inner diameter of the housing, and only the second and all following tear-off edges are already in the axial region of the tapering inner diameter of the housing.

Overall, the device should be dimensioned and designed so that over the entire length of the device, a pressure drop of 2.5 - 6 bar, in particular from 5 - 6 bar adjusts.

For availability in the longitudinal direction, a plurality of obstacle bodies can be combined to form a group and can only be displaced together along the central axis in the longitudinal direction, in particular in the area of the last obstacle bodies, which reduces the structural complexity but only subordinately degrades the efficiency.

c) embodiments

Fig. 1:

den Kavitator im Längsschnitt und

Fig. 2:

den Kavitator betrachtet in Fließrichtung.

Embodiments according to the invention are described in more detail below by way of example. Show it:

Fig. 1:

the cavitator in longitudinal section and

Fig. 2:

the cavitator viewed in the flow direction.

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the Kavitatorrohr 1, which consists of several screwed against each other sections, namely the product inlet 2, the Kavitationskonus 3, the discharge chamber 5 and the Axialdurchführung 4, which follow each other in this order in the flow direction 10, the longitudinal direction of the Kavitatorrohrs 1 ,

The individual pipe sections are conventionally screwed against one another by means of radially outwardly projecting flanges 2 a, b, 3 a, b, 4 a, 5 a, b, c. In this case, the discharge chamber 5 has a third flange, since there takes place the product outlet 19 of the medium, that is usually a mixture, radially to the side, as better in Fig. 2 seen.

In the axial direction, this discharge chamber 5 is still closed by the Axialdurchführung 4, through which the axial rod 7 is guided to the outside, which forms the obstacle trees 9 in the interior 1a in the length range of Kavitationskonus 3 together with the obstacle bodies 8a, b located on it, and which can be adjusted and fixed in the longitudinal direction 10, which happens in the Axialdurchführung 4.

Beginning in the longitudinal direction 10 of the product inlet 2 is a substantially straight pipe section, in its central opening, in Fig. 1 from the right, the mixture already prepared or the main component of the later mixture flows through the inlet opening 24 into the cavitator tube 1.

The rotationally symmetrical inner cross-section of this product inlet 2 initially narrows conically to a cross-sectional constriction 21, and thereafter performs an even faster cross-sectional expansion 22, so that the free inner cross section at the end of the product inlet 2 to the beginning, the inlet opening 24 corresponds.

Between the cross-sectional widening 22 and the end of the product inlet 2 is a distance with a constant free inner cross section, which is about 20 - 30% of the length of the product inlet 2, and also in the subsequent Kavitationskonus 3 into something can continue.

At the product inlet 2 of the so-called Kavitationskonus 3 is flanged, and the gap between them is sealed by a Keimfreidichtung 20, as is the case between all components of the Kavitatorrohres 1.

Also, the cavitation cone 3 is a substantially straight piece of pipe, but here again the free inner central passage from the beginning of the cavitation cone 3 over about 80% of its length a conical taper to a cross-sectional constriction 21 ', and in this axial constriction section are also in the central free space 1a, the obstacle bodies 8a-e of the obstacle tree 9th

Subsequently, the interior 1a of the cavitation cone 3 performs a much faster cross-sectional widening 22 ', so that at the end of the cavitation cone 3 the free passage is only slightly smaller than at the beginning of the cavitation cone 3.

In this case, the first two obstacle bodies 8a, b are preferably provided with not only one but two consecutively arranged tear-off edges 23, between which there is a circumferential, concave arc-shaped groove, so that the tear-off edges 23 are viewed in cross-section each form an acute angle.

The further obstacle bodies 8c-8e are designed as radially outwardly projecting discs of different radius on the axial rod 7, so that between the individual separation edges 23 of the individual obstacle bodies 8a-8e with respect to the conically narrowing inner wall of the cavitation cone 3 a substantially constant radial Distance as annular gap 18 remains.

In this case, the obstacle bodies 8a-8e are each fixed axially fixed on the axial rod 7 and can only be moved together in the longitudinal direction 10 by means of the axial rod 7.

In this cavitator, another product inlet 3b may be present for a minor component to be admixed. This can be as indicated in the cross-sectional constriction of the product inlet 2 or in the formed as a concave baffle front end face of the first obstacle body 8a, in the latter case, then the supply is centrally through the hollow axial rod 7 from the rear end through a pipe.

In the flow direction 10, the relief chamber 5 is flanged to the cavitation cone 3, which also passes through in the axial direction 10 of the axial rod 7 is, from which the mixture, however, withdrawn in the radial direction through the radially attached outlet nozzle as the outlet opening 19 and is conveyed away.

The view shows the Fig. 2 of the cavitator in the flow direction that at several product inlets 24b1a and 24b1b in the cross-sectional taper of the product inlet 2 in this tangentially open and are offset from each other so that the einzuleitenden components have the same direction of rotation.

Fig. 2 also shows that can connect to the output port 19 of the radial product outlet 19 of the discharge chamber 5 alternatively again a segment in the form of the product inlet 2 ', in turn with the corresponding interior design contour and the described radial product inlets.

This additional product inlet 2 'can be used, inter alia, to operate the cavitator also with a reverse flow direction for special applications, but this is not the subject of the present description.

The rear end of the discharge chamber 5 in the axial direction 10 is closed for the product flowing therethrough. There, the axial feedthrough 4 is arranged in the form of a straight piece of pipe with only a flange for flanging on the discharge chamber 5, which has a free diameter corresponding to the thickness of the axial rod 7, the tight, but axially movable, through the cylindrical passage 14 of the axial feedthrough. 4 through and out of the rear end is led out.

To seal this passage 14, this inner circumference of the axial passage 4 is axially spaced via a respective annular seal, in this case at the rear end of an O-ring seal and at the front, the discharge chamber 5 facing side, a lip seal 16, sealed. In order to avoid the accumulation of germs, etc. in the space between and in the area of the seals or to kill and eliminate them is an annular space 18 in the form of an annular recess formed in the passage 14 in the axial distance therebetween in the inner periphery of the passage 14 in which cleaning lines 17a, b supplied from the outside of the axial duct 4 open over the circumference, via which a cleaning agent, for example steam, can be supplied continuously or at certain time intervals for cleaning purposes.

Behind the passage 14, the interior of the Axialdurchdurchführung 4 widens conically and in this a clamping cone 25 is used, which can be biased axially relative to the Axialdurchführung 4 by means of screwing. Since the clamping cone 25 also has an axial passage opening corresponding to the thickness of the axial rod 7, thereby the set axial position of the axial rod 7 is fixed by clamping the clamping cone 25 between the axial rod 7 and the axial feedthrough 4.

Fig. 1 shows further that all inner corners 13a, b, ... are formed in the interior 1a of the Kavitatorrohrs 1 strongly rounded, to avoid the formation of calming zones of the medium to be passed there and thus the deposition and nucleation by longer-term whereabouts of medium in these inner corners. For the same reason, the transitions 12 between the individual obstacle bodies and the axial rod 7 are also formed strongly rounded.

In order to avoid deposits in pores of welds, the corresponding flanges 2a, b, ..., 4a are not welded to the pipe sections, but integrally together with these at least in the individually manufactured for the cavitator sections product inlet 2, cavitation cone 3 and axial feedthrough 4 educated.

The discharge chamber 5, however, is usually a purchased part, since it is a simple T-piece of a pipe connection. These mass produced Tees are usually made by welding the flanges on the pipe sections, however, in such a large-scale production, the non-porous aftertreatment of welds is possible, so that pore-free welded tees are commercially available. Otherwise, this element would have to be made from scratch.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Kavitatorrohr

1 a

inner space

2, 2 '

product inlet

2a, b

mounting flange

3a, b

mounting flange

3

Kavitationskonus

4a, b

mounting flange

4

axial passage

5a, b

mounting flange

5

relief chamber

6a, b

Weld

7

Axial rod

8a, b

obstacle body

9

obstacle trees

10

Longitudinal direction, flow direction

11

transversely

12

crossing

13a, b

inside corner

14

execution

15

O-ring

16

lip seal

17a, b

cleaning line

18

annular gap

19

output port

20

Sterile seal

21, 21 '

Cross-sectional narrowing

22

Sectional widening

23

tear-off edge

24

entrance opening

25

clamping cone

Claims (15)

1. A tubular cavitator for mixing or stabilizing at least two components flowing through, wherein at least one of the components is liquid using a hydrodynamic cavitation field, comprising:

   - a cavitator tube (1);

   - at least one inlet opening (3a) for supplying at least one component;

   - an outlet opening (19) for exhausting a mixture;

   - an inner cavity (1 a) between the inlet opening (3a) and the outlet opening (19);

   - obstacle elements (8a, b), which are disposed in the inner cavity (1 a) of the cavitator tube (1) and transversal to the main flow direction (10) and which are arranged on an axial rod (7); and

   - flow-through gaps between outer edges of the obstacle elements (8a, b) and the surrounding cavitator tube (1),
   wherein, the cavitator tube (1) is flanged together from particular tube sections, and in particular at least the tube sections product inlet (2), cavitation cone (3) and axial pass-through (4) are discrete components, in particular turned components,
   wherein transitions (12) between the obstacle elements (8a, b) and an axial rod (7) supporting the obstacle elements are rounded, in particular with a rounding radius of at least 1 mm, better at least 10 mm.
2. The cavitator according to claim 1, wherein the attachment flanges (2a, b, 3a, b, 4a) at the tube sections product inlet (2), cavitation cone (3) and axial pass-through (4) are integrally produced from solid stock without any weld together with the tube sections, in particular integrally turned.
3. The cavitator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the relief chamber (5) is a T-shaped tube section with flanges (5a, b, c) connected thereto through welding and with welds (6a, b, c) finished for closing the pores in the welds.
4. The cavitator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein all inner corners (13a, b) of the inner cavity (1a, b) of the cavitator (1) are rounded with a rounding radius of at least 5 mm, in particular at least 10 mm.
5. The cavitator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein

   - gap free seals, in particular germ free seals (20) are disposed between the sections of the cavitator tube (1) screwed into one another in an axial direction and/or

   - a pass-through (14) of the axial rod (7) is sealed with respect to the inner cavity (1 a) of the cavitator (1) alternatively with an O-ring seal (15) or a gap free, in particular, a germ free lip seal (16).
6. The cavitator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein

   - the ring gap between the pass-through (14) and the axial rod (7) supported therein are sealed in an axial direction on both sides through a seal (15a, b), and a purging conduit (17a, b), or better two opposed purging conduits (17a, b) discharge between the seals (15a, b); and/or

   - the purging conduits (17a, b) discharge into an annular cavity (18).
7. The cavitator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the product inlet openings (3b) for the lower volume component discharge into the product inlet tube (2) in the contraction of the inner cavity (1 a) or upstream thereof in a tangential direction and oriented in the same circumferential direction.
8. The cavitator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein

   - in a flow direction (10) of a first component, after the inlet opening (3a), initially in particular a cone shaped cross section contraction (21) is provided, and subsequently a particularly cone shaped cross section expansion (22) is provided still in front of the first obstacle element (8a);

   - the first obstacle element (8a) is configured as an impact plate.
9. The cavitator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein

   - the impact plate is configured concave on an impact side opposite to the main flow direction (10); and/or

   - the second inlet opening (3b) is disposed in a center of the impact plate (9), and feeding is provided through a central conduit extending in a main flow direction (10) and through the axial rod (7); and/or

   - a section with constant cross section is disposed between the cross section expansion (14) and the impact plate; and/or

   - the outlet opening (19) is radially oriented outward from the cavitation tube (1) extending in main flow direction (10).
10. The cavitator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein

    - the obstacle elements are axially adjustable, in particular through axial displacement of the axial rod (7) connected with the obstacle elements (8a, b);

    - the obstacle elements (7) are axially adjustable relative to one another, and in particular also axially adjustable relative to the central axis (7); and/or

    - the plate shaped obstacle elements are sized, so that they can oscillate in the flow direction (10); and/or

    - the flow breakaway edges (23) of the obstacle elements (8a) have the largest extension possible and are in particular configured undulated or serrated viewed in the axial direction or transversal to the axial direction.
11. The cavitator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein

    - the inner contour of the surrounding housing (2) for an undulated or serrated breakaway edge (23) has an analogously undulated or serrated contour viewed in axial direction; and/or

    - the cross section contraction (21) after the inlet opening (3a) is sized, so that the flow velocity at the beginning of the cross section contraction corresponds to the flow velocity of the mixture at a last obstacle element (e); and

    - the cross section contraction (21) after the inlet opening (3a) is sized, so that the flow velocity at the tightest location of the cross section contraction is slightly higher, in particular between 5% and 20% higher than the flow velocity of the mixture at the last obstacle element (8e).
12. The cavitator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the obstacle elements are round disks with a diameter that decreases in the main flow direction (10), and in particular the housing wall extends always at the same radial distance from the radial outer edges of the disks.
13. The cavitator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein

    - the cross section contraction (21) after the inlet opening (3a) is configured, so that the flow velocity increases by a factor of 9 - 13, in particular by a factor of 10 - 12, in particular by a factor of 10.5 - 11.5; and/or

    - the obstacle elements are positioned and sized relative to one another and/or relative to the surrounding cavitation tube (1), so that the flow velocity in the flow-through gap of the last obstacle element (8e) in flow direction (10) is increased compared to the flow direction in the pass-through gap of the first obstacle element by a factor of 1.8 - 2.5, in particular 2.0 - 2.3; and/or

    - the disks are positioned and sized relative to one another and relative to the surrounding cavitation tube (1), so that the flow velocity in the respective pass-through gap increases from one obstacle element to the another obstacle element in flow direction respectively by a factor of 1.1 - 1.4.
14. The cavitator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein

    - the number of the obstacle elements is between 3 and 10, in particular between 5 and 7; and/or

    - the axial thickness of the disk shaped obstacle elements (8a,...) is between 1 mm and 4 mm, in particular between 2 mm and 3 mm; and/or

    - the axial distance from center to center of two adjacent obstacle elements is 2x to 7x, in particular 3x to 5x, their thickness in axial direction; and/or in particular

    - the radial width of the annular gap between the plate shaped obstacle elements and its cavitator tube (1) is 1 to 5 mm, in particular 1.5 to 3.8 mm; and/or

    - the axial length of the section with constant cross section between the cross section expansion (22) and the first obstacle element (8a) corresponds to 0.7x to 1.4x the diameter after the cross section expansion (22); and/or

    - an inner free diameter after the cross section expansion (22) and in front of the first obstacle element (8a) corresponds to 0.9 to 1.1 x the free cross section of the inlet conduit and/or the outlet conduit.
15. The cavitator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein

    - at least the first obstacle element (8a) and possibly also the second obstacle element (8b) has a much greater axial extension than the remaining plate shaped obstacle elements and includes a concave recess on its outer circumference, so that it respectively includes two circumferential flow tear-off edges (23); and/or

    - the flow tear-off edges (23) in cross section have an angle of less than 60 degrees, in particular less than 50 degrees, in particular less than 45 degrees; and/or

    - plural plate shaped obstacle elements (8c, d, e) combined into a group are only movable in a longitudinal direction along the center axis (7).

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