RU197014U1 - Vortex cavitator for presowing seed treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to cavitation-type devices for heating liquids. A vortex cavitator for presowing seed treatment is proposed, comprising one body equipped with a cylindrical part in the form of a vortex tube, at the base of which a braking device is placed, and its other side is connected to the end side of the fluid accelerator, made in the form of a cochlea connected to the pump and equipped coaxially the centreline of the vortex tube by the accelerator sleeve in the form of a set of fixed bushings concentrically inserted with radial gaps, the central of which is made in the form of would extending through the entire length of the housing, and its wall is perforated, the central tube is provided with a hopper at its inlet sluice device at its inlet and outlet, said conveying device inside it. The device provides increased productivity.

Description

The utility model relates to cavitation-type devices for heating liquids, dispersing, breaking molecular bonds in complex liquids, changing the physicomechanical properties of liquids, and can also be used with high efficiency for presowing treatment of seeds.

A device for preparing seeds for sowing is known, containing a cylindrical container for the working fluid, a cylindrical trellised cassette for the treated seeds, a drive mechanism, a cylinder with technical oxygen, an elliptical cover with a pressure gauge and stops for fixing the trellised cassette, rigidly connected to the center of the tank housing of the journal, pivotally fixed on the support posts, one of the pins connected to the drive mechanism for rotation of the tank around the axis of the pins, and the elliptical bottom of the tank is equipped with a drain a tube with a locking feed-through valve (Utility model No. 86382 U1, IPC А01С 1/00).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that a limited number of factors affecting the seeds are used in the working process — soaking and saturating their surface with oxygen, therefore, its effectiveness is low, and secondly, it is a batch device, therefore, it is inefficient.

A device for heating liquids is known (patent RU No. 2564730, class F24J 3/00, comprising a cylindrical body with a cyclone and a flow accelerator in its lower part, a braking device in the upper part, behind which there is a bottom with an outlet that communicates with the outlet, in addition, in the upper part of the housing coaxially and with a radial clearance to the outlet, a pipe is installed that communicates the cavity of the housing with the atmosphere.

The installation of a pipe connecting the housing with the atmosphere allows, firstly, to take the air released from dissolved in water into a free state, which increases the efficiency of the cavitation workflow. Secondly, in the cavity of the specified tube, you can put seeds for their cavitation treatment, and subsequently remove them

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that the proposed design allows the use of the device as a stimulator of seeds only in a cyclic mode, which leads to its low productivity during their pre-sowing treatment.

Vortex cavitators of the class under consideration are liquid whistles that create a sound field in its internal volume through which the liquid passes. In this case, cavitation cavities form and grow on the nuclei in the rarefaction phase of the sound wave in the liquid, and in the overpressure phase they instantly collapse, compressing the energy both in space and in time with increasing temperature at the collapse point to 6000 ° K.

The mechanism of formation of sound waves in such devices is reduced to the manifestation of the action of a combination of several processes. Firstly, the process of outflow of a flooded jet from an injection pipe into a cyclone itself is a sound source.

The second source of sound generation is the interaction in the cyclone of the input part of the stream with its other part, which has completed a complete revolution along the cyclone shell. In this case, the second, i.e. having completed a full revolution, part of the flow, due to the velocity component of the pressure, compresses the inlet part, reducing the flow area and thereby increasing the hydraulic resistance at the inlet to the cyclone cochlea. The increased hydraulic resistance causes a decrease in the input flow rate, which leads to an increase in the piezometric component of the flow head before the resistance. The rising pressure in front of the resistance provides a second spin, i.e. the circumferential part of the flow, a decrease in hydraulic resistance for the input component and then its increased flow rate, moreover, due to both the increased cross-section and the addition of speed. The transition of energy into kinetic form reduces the piezometric part of the input stream, which again leads to its compression, etc.

The third source of elastic wave radiation is the interaction of the vortex flow passing along the cylindrical body with the plates of the braking device. In this case, the opposing factors are the hydrodynamic effect of the vortex flow and the elastic properties of each of the plates, causing their self-oscillations similarly to the leaves of trees in the wind. In this case, each plate oscillates with the frequency of natural vibrations, the value of which is determined by its geometric dimensions, installation method, and the elastic modulus of the material.

The periodic movement of the surfaces of the plates emits elastic waves into the liquid.

It is advisable that the length of the cylindrical part of the body is a multiple of an integer number of half-lengths of sound waves. In this case, the waves of the calculated frequencies that entered the body will be reflected from the hard opposite end of the body and therefore the beginning and end of the cylindrical part of the body will become nodes, and the middle will be the antinode of the standing wave. The standing wave, however, implies a double amplitude of the oscillations, therefore, a greater energy level stored by the cavitation cavity before collapse, and a greater energy release in the act of collapse.

In this case, energy release occurs in other various forms:

- in the form of shock elastic waves;

- light radiation - in the form of fluorescence of a liquid;

- in the form of other types of electromagnetic radiation;

- in the form of heat exposure;

- in the form of secondary cavitation collapses, etc.

In this case, the seeds receive a complex of various influences, wake up, diffusion and metabolic processes intensify in them, the biological object begins to actively develop. The accelerated development of plants from such seeds causes an earlier onset of development phases, a more extensive capture of the greatest solar activity in the spring-summer period, etc.

The technology under consideration is significantly superior to the existing ones, for example, when the flotation process of the previous technical solution takes about 12 hours, and when using cavitation technology, 0.5-2 minutes are enough for this.

In relation to other technical solutions among cavitation technologies, the advantage in this device is the simultaneous implementation of several centers of cavitation:

- snail;

- antinode of a standing wave in the middle of the body;

- the area of the housing at the location of the brake device.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed one is (patent RU 2517986, class F24J 3/00) a device for heating a liquid, comprising at least one housing equipped with a cylindrical part in the form of a vortex tube, at the base of which there is a brake device, and another its side is connected to the end side of the fluid accelerator, made in the form of a cochlea connected to the pump and equipped with an accelerator sleeve located coaxially to the axis line of the vortex tube in the form of a set concentrically nested with radial gaps fixed bushings, the central of which is made in the form of a pipe extending through the entire length of the housing, and its wall is perforated.

The installation of a central perforated pipe, continuing through the entire length of the body, allows you to place the processed seeds at any point in the central part of the body, which can increase the processing efficiency, since the sources of cavitation:

- a cyclone in the form of a snail;

- the middle part of the body;

- area of the brake device (tuning fork),

have different intensities (Fig. 1).

However, the direct processing of seeds in this case is hampered by the lack of the necessary devices for their movement in the working area, loading and unloading devices, as well as additional structures that seal the internal space of the device with a pressure of 3-5 atmospheres from the external space with atmospheric pressure.

The lack of devices for moving seeds in the working area causes immobility and thereby excludes the accuracy of their processing. The cyclic nature of the work process is characterized by low productivity, since part of the time of the processing work process is spent on transshipment operations. The cyclic nature also determines the high complexity of processing due to the need for each processed seed to double the path along the central pipe in each treatment cycle.

The absence of loading and unloading devices allows the device to be used only in laboratory quality and excludes its use in on-line pre-sowing production processes.

The absence of a device for sealing the liquid in the inner space completely eliminates the flow of the working process in a continuous mode and allows its implementation only in a periodic mode, and even then only when the ends of the central pipe are clogged with additional plugs.

The present stage of development of technologies and technical means involves the creation of machines that work on new promising principles of action. Cavitation technologies are such, they have already found application in many sectors of the national economy, they are also promising for stimulating vital processes in seeds and plant development. The authors have gained considerable experience in this area, however, for practical application, the well-known vortex cavitator should be adapted to this technological process.

A disadvantage of the known device is the low productivity of the process of pre-sowing seed treatment.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the productivity of the process of pre-sowing seed treatment and the expansion of its technological properties.

The problem is solved as follows.

In a device for heating a fluid, comprising at least one housing provided with a cylindrical part in the form of a vortex tube, at the base of which is a braking device, and its other side is connected to the end side of the fluid accelerator, made in the form of a snail connected to a pump and equipped with an accelerator sleeve located coaxially to the axis line of the vortex tube in the form of a set of fixed bushings concentrically inserted with radial gaps, the central of which is made in the form of a pipe, continuing extending through the entire length of the housing, and its wall is perforated, the central pipe is equipped with a loading hopper at its entrance, lock devices at its entrance and exit, and a transporting device inside it.

Wherein:

- the conveying device is made in the form of a screw conveyor with an elastic screw;

- the transporting device is made in the form of a noriya;

- the conveying device is made in the form of a rotary plate supercharger;

- gateway devices at the inlet and outlet of the central pipe are made in the form of rotary vane blowers;

- the lock device at the entrance to the Central pipe is made in the form of a sealed loading hopper equipped with a sealed quick-release lid, and at the exit from the central pipe in the form of a sealed container.

The installation of a device for moving seeds through the pipe in the working area of the vortex cavitator allows for the continuity of their processing, and thereby, by eliminating the cyclical nature of the working process, it allows to increase the processing productivity. At the same time, the complexity of processing is also reduced due to the exclusion of the same cyclical nature, which eliminates the need for each processed seed to double the path along the central pipe in each treatment cycle.

Providing the vortex cavitator with a loading device in the form of a feed hopper at the beginning of the pipe provides the vortex cavitator with continuity of operation, since it makes it possible to continuously enter the vortex cavitator, and hence the selection of seed or germinated material from it. The continuous nature of the work makes it possible to use it in in-line technological pre-sowing processing lines.

Providing a vortex cavitator at the inlet and outlet of the central pipe with lock devices that seal the internal space of the device is a necessary condition for the flow of the working process, in particular in a continuous mode.

Wherein:

- supplying the central tube with a screw conveyor with an elastic screw ensures continuous stability of the device, excluding clogging and passages of seed over its entire length. At the same time, the elasticity of the screw prevents injury to the seeds during transportation through the central pipe;

- the execution of the transporting device in the form of a noriya requires increased costs and attention during their manufacture, as well as during operation. However, its use provides minimal friction of seeds on enclosing surfaces during operation.

- the use of rotary vane blowers as transporting devices on the one hand allows the unification of these devices in airlock and conveying devices, and also makes it possible to combine several functions in one rotary vane blower. However, in this case, clogging of the transporting central pipe with seed is possible due to possible arch formation. However, the clogging of the central pipe in this case can be prevented by applying vibration from the operation of the pumping unit and lubrication with water involved in the process of creating cavitation;

- the implementation of the lock device at the inlet and outlet of the central pipe in the form of rotary vane blowers ensures complete continuity of the process, which is a prerequisite for the use of the device by large enterprises;

- the implementation of the lock device at the entrance to the Central pipe in the form of a sealed loading hopper, equipped with a sealed quick-release lid, and at the exit of the Central pipe in the form of a sealed container ensures the continuity of the working process only a certain period of time. As it empties the feed hopper, the workflow should be stopped for refueling, which to some extent reduces its effectiveness in using such a design. However, for the conditions of farms, such a device is advisable, since it is inexpensive, simple in design, multi-functional and its productivity is sufficient for small farms.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

FIG. 1. The distribution of germination in the centers of cavitation in the axial direction of the vortex cavitator;

FIG. 2. A longitudinal section of the vortex cavitator for pre-sowing seed treatment with a screw conveyor device and airlock devices in the form of rotary vane blowers;

FIG. 3. A longitudinal section of a vortex cavitator for pre-sowing seed treatment with a conveyor device in the form of a noriya and lock devices in the form of rotary vane blowers;

FIG. 4 A longitudinal section of a vortex cavitator for pre-sowing seed treatment with a conveying device and airlock devices in the form of inlet and outlet rotary vane blowers;

FIG. 5. A longitudinal section of a vortex cavitator for pre-sowing seed treatment with a screw conveyor device and airlock devices in the form of sealed supply and receiving tanks.

The vortex cavitator for pre-sowing seed treatment (Fig. 2) contains, in the form of a vortex tube, a housing 1, at the base of which a brake device 2 is placed, and its other side is connected to the end side of the fluid accelerator, made in the form of a cochlea 3 connected to a pump 4 and equipped with a central pipe 5 located coaxially with the axial line of the housing 1, extending through the entire length of the housing 1, and its wall is perforated, while the central pipe 5 is equipped with a loading hopper 6 at its entrance, lock devices and at its inlet 7 and outlet 8, a conveying device inside its 9 (screw in Fig. 2, in the form of a noriya in Fig. 3, in the form of a rotary vane supercharger in Fig. 4). To fully ensure the operability of the pump 4 by the suction pipe 10 through the outlet pipe 11 is connected to the housing 1 of the vortex cavitator. The operation modes of the vortex cavitator are set up by creating and adjusting the flow rate of the transit flow q _tr , which enters the vortex cavitator through the nozzle 12 and leaves it through the nozzle 13.

The screw conveyor 9 (Fig. 2) is located in the Central pipe and contains a shaft 14, an elastic screw 15 and a drive 16.

The elevator conveyor (Fig. 3) consists of cups 17 connected by a chain 18, pulleys and a drive (not shown in the figure) and, like the screw conveyor 9, is placed in the pipe 5 with a minimum radial clearance.

Known rotary vane blowers 7, 8, in addition to the sealing function (Fig. 2, Fig. 3), can also perform their direct function as a conveying device (Fig. 4).

Another option to ensure sealing of the working volume is to put the device into periodic operation due to the installation of 5 sealed supply and receiving containers at the ends of the central pipe. In this case, the tightness of the supply tank is achieved by installing on the hopper 6 of the lid 19 (Fig. 5), and the tightness of the receiving tank is provided by connecting to the outlet pipe 5 of the sealed container 20 (Fig. 5).

Vortex cavitator for presowing treatment of seeds works as follows. Pump 4 under excess pressure (4-6 atmospheres) pumps water into the cyclone (cochlea) 3, moreover, tangentially. Further, having made an almost complete revolution along the shell of cyclone 3, the flow compresses its inlet and, due to the interaction of these components, which has a periodic character, elastic waves are created that propagate along the cylindrical body 1 from cyclone 3 to the outlet pipe 11. Reflected from the rigid end of the cylindrical case 1, the sound wave moves towards the emitter, that is, to the cyclone 3. Provided that the length of the cylindrical body 1 is equal to an integer number of half-lengths of waves in the cylindrical body, a standing wave with ovymi points, starting at its edges and spaced from each other by half a wavelength.

Antinodes are located between the nodal points, in which the amplitude, due to the addition of the direct and reflected waves, is doubled, which is crucial for the effectiveness of acoustic cavitation.

Seed treatment occurs due to the fact that in the rarefaction phase of the sound wave, the liquid on the embryos (inhomogeneities) breaks with the formation of microcavities. Upon the onset of the pressure phase, each of these caverns collapses under the influence of both the pressure itself and surface tension forces with a counter impact of the walls at a local point. In this case, the concentration of elastic energy stored in the rarefaction phase from the entire cavity volume occurs to the minimum volume of the collapse point. As a result of this, at this point the liquid heats up to 6000 degrees, shock waves are formed that deform the liquid in detail, also violating the nanostructures of both the liquid itself and the impurities present in it, then subsequent cavitation cycles occur.

In this case, the surface of the seeds present nearby is subjected to intensive massage, local action of high gradients of deformations and temperatures - as a result of which the seeds wake up, and due to intense local microdeformations and heating, the permeability of the cell membranes increases, the metabolism increases, and the living organism begins to develop intensively.

The device has several zones of the most active flow of cavitation processes (Fig. 1), these are:

- cyclone area;

- the middle part of the body;

- area of the brake device (tuning fork).

Through these foci passes the central tube 5 and the processed seeds along it. Due to the perforation of the pipe 5, the seeds are directly affected by cavitation, and at the same time, the central pipe 5 prevents the entrainment of seeds along with the _{Qacoc flow} , due to the fact that the diameter of the perforations is smaller than the smallest dimension of each seed.

For processing, the seeds are poured into the hopper 6, then they wake up at their own weight to the inlet of the rotor-plate supercharger 7, which, due to the rotation of the rotor, propels them towards the outlet, while providing them with slight back pressure. Leaving the supercharger 7, the seeds fall on the elastic coils 15 of the screw conveyor 9, which, due to rotation with the shaft 14 from the drive 16, move the seeds along the central part of the device through all cavitation active zones. As these zones pass, the seeds are exposed to all of the above types of exposure and acquire biological activity.

Then they come from the central pipe to the outlet lock device, made in the form of a rotary-plate supercharger, and then into the container.

When performing the conveyor in the form of a noriya (Fig. 3), there are no fundamental changes in the essence of the cavitation treatment of seeds. However, this case involves less friction of the seeds from the enclosing surface, since in the seed loading zone from the rotary-plate supercharger 7 they fall between the cups 17 and, when moving along the central pipe 5, they rub only on its inner surface, up to the output of the rotary-plate supercharger 8 and further into the container.

When using the known rotary vane blowers 7 and 8 for their intended purpose (except for the sealing function (Fig. 2, Fig. 3)) - conveying device (Fig. 4) they create a backwater. Moreover, its value, as with any volumetric hydraulic machine, can be significant. Due to this created backwater, seeds, like bulk material, can move to a certain critical length. Further, as the resistance forces accumulate, they begin to prevail over the amount of backwater, and the material ceases to move. In the design of the device under consideration, there are vibrations and wetting of the seeds with water, which significantly reduces the amount of internal friction, increases the transportation range of the product and makes this limit comparable with the axial dimensions of the vortex cavitator. Thus, seeds that are close to the outlet rotary vane blower 8 act on the seeds located in front of them, which causes their movement, moreover, with friction against the inner surface of the central pipe 5, as well as with friction between themselves.

In conditions of small-scale agricultural production, there is no need to carry out large volumes of work in a continuous way, but it is sufficient to process small batches of seeds of 30-50 liters. In this case, it is advisable to propose a simplified sealing design, namely, the transfer of the device into periodic operation due to the use of 5 sealed supply and receiving containers at the ends of the central pipe. In this case, the tightness of the supply tank is achieved by installing on the hopper 6 of the lid 19 (Fig. 5), and the tightness of the receiving tank is provided by connecting to the outlet pipe 5 of the sealed container 20 (Fig. 5). To load the supply hopper of the device, the lid 19 is opened, the material is poured, the lid 19 is hermetically closed, and work begins with the gradual movement of the poured volume through the central pipe 5, for example, by means of a screw conveyor. Having overcome the working space, the seeds are poured into an airtight container 20, which at the same time is also a container, and after filling it, it is disconnected and changed to a new same airtight one.

The use of the proposed vortex cavitator for pre-sowing seed treatment compares favorably with its analogues, firstly, in comparison with many well-known treatment options (flotation, microwave processing, magnetic, electrostatic fields, etc.), it has an increased productivity. So, the exposure time of processing on a vortex cavitator can be several seconds, instead of minutes and hours with other processing methods.

Secondly, in this case, there are several functional factors of influence: soaking, massage, exposure to magnetic and electric fields, etc., therefore, the quality of the plants themselves from these seeds changes to a greater extent. An increase in the quality of the fruits of plants whose seeds have undergone cavitation treatment has been established, for example, in the rape fruits of the first year of harvest, the fat content increases by 13.5%, in cucumbers by 40%, etc.

Thirdly, the proposed technical solution in combination with other design features has an additional advantage - advanced technological capabilities:

- heating liquids;

- saturation of liquids with gases (oxygen);

- degassing liquids;

- dispersion of the solid component in two-phase working mixtures;

- thorough mixing of solutions and emulsions;

- mineralization of liquids for drinking and medicinal use, etc.

Moreover, these technological processes can be carried out, both in a special version, that is, differentially, and in the simultaneous combination of several functions.

Claims (1)

Vortex cavitator for pre-sowing seed treatment, comprising a housing provided with a cylindrical part in the form of a vortex tube, on which one brake device is placed, and its other side is connected to the end side of the fluid accelerator, made in the form of a snail connected to the pump and equipped with an axially located axially arranged the line of the central pipe by the accelerating sleeve in the form of a set of fixed bushings concentrically inserted with radial gaps, the central of which is made in the form of a pipe, cradling through the entire length of the housing, and its wall is perforated, characterized in that the central pipe is equipped with a loading hopper at its entrance, lock devices at its entrance and exit, a transporting device inside it.

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