EP0802300B1 - Framework made of fireproof metal profiles for windows, doors, facades or glazed roofs - Google Patents

Abstract

Metal framework for windows and doors is made of aluminium profile with closed or open hollow chambers into which thermal set, hydrophilic adsorbent material is packed. The middle part of the framework is made of aluminium which has a stamped pattern (12, 13) in order to reduce the heat flow through it.

Description

The invention relates to a framework made of metal profiles in fire protection design for windows, doors, facades and glass roofs, the metal profiles with a Chamber-provided outer parts made of light metal, preferably aluminum and have a central part in which the heat flow is reduced.

A framework of this type is known (EP-A-0 590 236), which consists of a composite profile is made. This composite profile is provided with outer parts made of extruded Aluminum profiles are formed, each having an outer chamber. No fire protection material is arranged in these outer chambers. From Aluminum-made outer parts are in the central area of the composite profile connected by insulating strips made of a mechanically strong material, which is poorly heat-conductive and melts when exposed to heat. As a manufacturing material are called polyamide or a cast resin.

The chamber in the middle part of the composite profile is supported by a supporting and insulating profile filled out, which is made of heat-resistant material and in the event of fire a load-bearing Function takes over while the aluminum profile is affected by the fire melts.

The invention has for its object a framework of the aforementioned Art to design so that under fire exposure for the entire construction a long Tool life is given.

This object is achieved in that between the outer parts a breakthrough central part made of metal or a bridge bridge made of metal having central part is provided and fire protection plates in the chambers of the outer parts are arranged.

By forming the middle part, the heat flow between the outer parts reduced, however, sufficient stability is maintained and melting of parts in the middle during the safety period in the event of fire Avoid the area of the multi-chamber profile.

In an embodiment according to the invention, the metal profiles provided with three chambers formed as a one-piece, extruded aluminum profiles, in which holes are punched in the middle area.

It is advantageous in the fitting rebate between the frame and sash of a door in each case in front of the perforated metal strip, a fire protection strip from under high temperature stress to inflate material.

The fire protection strip has the task of removing the perforated metal strip from the cover visible folds and on the other hand to ensure that the Folding space is largely closed by an inflation of the material Prevent the passage of fire gases.

The metal profiles can be designed as composite profiles and are made of extruded Aluminum hollow chamber profiles and a central part made of metal, in which the heat flow compared to that made of aluminum External parts is reduced.

On the outside and / or on the inside of the made of aluminum Metal profiles can cover these covering plates or other moldings from one heat-binding, hydrophilic adsorbent with a high water content or a heat-binding, plates or hydrophilic adsorbent with a high water content other moldings to be attached.

The plates or other shaped bodies made of a heat-binding, hydrophilic Adsorbents with a high water content advantageously consist of alum and gypsum.

The alum is so-called metal double salts, which are able in very high degree of weight-related storage of crystal water.

It has proven to be expedient to use potassium alum, which can be referred to chemically as potassium aluminum sulfate 12 hydrate. The chemical formula is: KA1 (SO ₄ ) ₂ x 12 H ₂ O.

This potassium alum is able to produce approximately 45 percent water of crystallization per unit weight bind physically. The release of the crystal water from the potassium alum in pure form takes place at 72 ° C.

Due to the density of the alum of 1.1 g / cm ³ , the volume of the stored crystal water is approx. 50 percent.

The potassium alum can be embedded in a plaster matrix and behaves completely neutral with regard to the hardening of the gypsum, so that those produced from it Plates, molded parts and profiles have sufficient stability for their use in fire protection have.

The potassium alum does not change the setting properties of the plaster. By the Gypsum, in turn, does not become the physical water absorption of the alum impaired.

The plates or other molded parts that are provided with a hydrophilic adsorbent are preferably 50 percent modified plaster and 50 percent Percent from potassium alum.

Since the gypsum and the alum have a density of 1.1 g / cm ³ , this ratio is based on weight and volume.

The energy consumption of such a component is approximately 1,100 j / cm ³ .

Depending on the application, the mixing ratio between alum and plaster can can be varied. With a mixing ratio of 50:50 between plaster and alum there is a 32 percent share of the stored crystal water.

Although potassium alum has an effective temperature of 73 ° C by itself, the Effective temperature in connection with the plaster to a higher value, namely approx. 85 ° C installed. This results from the fact that the water released in the alum simple suction is held up to 85 ° C by the plaster, before it is transferred to the vapor phase.

A favorable working temperature occurs here, which is at a sufficient distance from the Operating temperatures, which may 70 ° C when exposed to direct sunlight Can reach plates or moldings.

The combination of plaster and alum has the further advantage that it is in the plaster bound crystal water is only released at an effective temperature of 125 ° C and this multi-stage crystal water release has a positive effect on the cooling process of the frame profiles affects which the described plates or other shaped bodies be assigned. In addition, another takes place at about 215 ° C slight release of water bound in the gypsum instead of subordinate Meaning is.

Further embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described below.

Figur 1

ein aus zwei Außenteilen und einem Mittelteil sich zusammensetzendes Verbundprofil im Schnitt,

Figur 2

eine im Mittelteil verwendete Profilleiste mit herabgesetztem Wärmedurchfluß, und zwar im Querchnitt und im Aufriß,

Figur 3

eine Abwandlungsform der Ausführung nach der Fig. 2,

Figur 4

die Rahmenprofile einer Tür im Schnitt,

Figur 5

eine im Mittelteil eines Verbundprofils nach Fig. 1 einsetzbare Profilleiste, die aus Kunststoff besteht und mit in Abstand voneinander angeordneten Brückenstegen aus Metall versehen ist,

Figur 6

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines aus zwei Außenteilen und einem Mittelteil bestehenden Rahmenprofil,

Figur 7

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines mit Brandschutzmitteln versehenen Rahmenprofils,

Figur 8

eine konstruktive Einzelheit zu der Konstruktion nach der Fig. 7,

Figur 9

ein Schaubild mit Kurven I und II, von denen die Kurve 1 die Ansprechzeiten eines Kalium-Alaun-Gipsformkörpers und die Fig. 2 den sich im Verlauf der Temperaturerhöhung einstellenden Masseverlust aufzeigt,

Figur 10

ein weiteres Profil in Brandschutzausführung im Schnitt und

Figur 11

ein Hauptprofil sowie das zugeordnete Abdeckprofil einer Fassadenoder einer Glasdachkonstruktion.

Show it:

Figure 1

a composite profile composed of two outer parts and a central part,

Figure 2

a profile strip used in the middle part with reduced heat flow, namely in cross section and in elevation,

Figure 3

2 shows a modification of the embodiment according to FIG. 2,

Figure 4

the frame profiles of a door in section,

Figure 5

1, which can be used in the middle part of a composite profile according to FIG. 1 and which is made of plastic and is provided with spaced-apart metal bridge webs,

Figure 6

another embodiment of a frame profile consisting of two outer parts and a central part,

Figure 7

another embodiment of a frame profile provided with fire protection agents,

Figure 8

a structural detail to the construction of FIG. 7,

Figure 9

3 shows a graph with curves I and II, of which curve 1 shows the response times of a potassium alum gypsum molded body and FIG. 2 shows the mass loss occurring in the course of the temperature increase,

Figure 10

another profile in fire protection version on average and

Figure 11

a main profile and the assigned cover profile of a facade or a glass roof structure.

The metal profile shown in FIG. 1 has extruded aluminum profiles as outer parts 1,2, between which a central part 3 is provided, which in this Embodiment of two metal strips 4 running parallel to one another exists, which reduced compared to the aluminum profiles 1 and 2 in their heat transmission are. The metal strips 4 can be made of aluminum or another Metal, e.g. be made of steel. Aluminum profiles 1 and 2 have inner chambers 5,6, into the molded part completely or partially filling the inner chamber can be introduced from a heat-binding, hydrophilic adsorbent. The Aluminum profiles 1 and 2 have anchoring grooves 7,8 for the footbridges 11 of the Metal strips 4, which after inserting the footbridges into the anchoring grooves be determined by molding the outer groove webs 9. The metal strips 4 together with the aluminum profiles 1 and 2 limit another inner chamber 10, so that the composite profile according to fig. 1 with three inner chambers for receiving of moldings with a high proportion of water of crystallization. The in Fig. 2nd Metal strip 4 shown has foot ridges 11 at the edges and is in the area provided with cutouts 12 between the footsteps 11, so that between the Punchings 12, which are triangular in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 are formed, narrow bridge webs 13 remain.

In the event of a fire, the heat conduction from this is reduced to these bridges external aluminum profile to that provided on the side facing away from the fire Aluminum profile.

In Fig. 3, a metal strip 4 is shown, the rectangular punched-out 14 is provided, between which only bridge webs 15 remain for heat conduction.

The cut-outs can have any geometric shape.

The width b of the bridge web and its thickness d can be varied by the Reduce or increase heat flow.

As particularly advantageous, especially in terms of statics and strength have triangular punchings according to FIG. 2, the are mutually offset and form an equiangular triangle.

In Fig. 4 door frame profiles are shown in section.

The frame 16 was made from a profile, as shown in FIG. 1 is. The frame profile is composed of aluminum profiles 1 and 2, which are connected by metal strips 4, the metal strips being punched out Have 12 or 14, so that the heat flow through this the middle part of the Composite profile forming metal strips 4 is reduced.

The sash 17 consists of the outer parts forming profile shells 18, 19 which are made of aluminum and by metal strips 4, which form thermal insulation, are connected. The sash frame is completed by a glass retaining strip 20, which has an inner chamber 21 for receiving an alum and plaster Has molded body 22. In the inner chambers 5 and 6 of the frame 16 and in the inner chambers 23 and 24 of the casement 17 are also shaped bodies 25,26,27 and 28 made of alum and gypsum with a high crystal water content arranged.

The moldings can also be composed of other components, from which at least one has a high proportion of water of crystallization, at a temperature is released below the melting temperature of the fire Light metal profile lies. The crystal water released is used for cooling of the metal profiles.

The plate-shaped body 25,26,27,28, which the respective inner chamber only partially fill in, are inserted into the inner chambers with metal springs 29, wherein the metal springs 29 on the plate-shaped bodies with their free Claw ends and thus secure their position.

The energy-consuming shaped bodies can also be shaped parts of any length, which are adapted to the inner contour of the inner chamber of the metal profiles.

The energy-consuming material can also enter the inner chamber in liquid form a metal profile can be filled and then binds to one in the inner chamber solid molded body.

Since doors are very often surface treated, the inner chambers must be filled with an energy-consuming molded body with a high proportion of water of crystallization after the surface treatment of the profiles because the drying temperatures the powder coating are in a temperature range that the response temperature of the energy-consuming material.

In Fig. 4 is in the fitting between the frame and sash in front of each Metal strip 4 a groove 30 is provided in which a fire protection strip 31 from below Inflating material is provided. The fire protection strip 31 has on the one hand the task of covering the perforated metal strip 4 from the visible fold and on the other hand to ensure in the event of fire that the rebate area as large as possible is closed by inflating material to prevent the passage of combustion gases to prevent.

As a rule, only the inner chambers of the frame and casement are attached to the Filled outside with energy-consuming material. In special cases, in which is about increasing the temperature resistance over the resistance period goes, can also the inner chamber of the central part of the respective composite profile energy-consuming material.

Through the perforated metal strips 4 forming the middle part, due to the Perforation reduces the heat flow, because the heat transfer cross-sections through the perforations were reduced. A complete insulation, as in the Known Brandzbutzkonstruktionen are common and how in the window and Door construction used for general thermal insulation is here not wanted and intended. In the area of the middle part of the metal profiles is a Heat flow necessary, because not only the energy-consuming side facing the fire side Shaped bodies must be activated to release the crystal water, but also the energy-consuming ones arranged on the side facing away from the fire Molded body. This makes it possible for the metal profiles to be small have enough bound water available to meet the requirements a fire protection construction with regard to surface temperatures and To achieve the service life of the profiles exposed to the fire.

The metal strip 4 from an extruded profile into which openings are punched or made of rolled steel has the great advantage that it is processed separately and assembled with known composite methods with the other hollow chamber profiles can be.

The energy-consuming moldings are set so that they have a response temperature in the range of 80 ° C to 150 ° C.

In cases where the side facing the fire is already in the construction phase is known, the filling of the respective inner chambers of the metal profiles can vary respectively. On the side facing the fire there can be a higher degree of filling than on the side facing away from the fire or the response temperatures on the side facing the fire can be selected higher are considered to be on the fire side. This can be done by varying the energy consuming Materials can be achieved.

From Fig. 5 it follows that instead of the metal bar 4 in the middle part 3 of the profile a multi-part insulating strip 32 can also be used. This multi-part insulating strip 32 consists of an extruded, poorly heat-conducting plastic strip 33, which extends over the entire length of the insulating strip and on its longitudinal edges Has foot profiles 34. These foot profiles 34 are preferred cut out at equal intervals and there are recesses in these the foot profiles 34 contour foot profiles 35 of a bridge web 36 made of metal, preferably made of aluminum. The foot profiles are anchored in the grooves of aluminum profiles 1 and 2. The metallic Bridge bridges have the task of creating a heat flow between the aluminum profiles 1 and 2 ensure. The width of the bridges and the distances to each other can be varied so that the energy flow between can influence the aluminum profiles 1 and 2.

A further embodiment of the middle part 3, which is designed as a thermal insulation zone between the aluminum profiles 1 and 2 is shown in Fig. 6, in which the perforated metal strips 37.38 in one piece with the aluminum profile 1 or with the Aluminum 2 are. The metal bar 37 arranged on the aluminum profile 1 engages a footbridge 39 in the associated anchoring groove of the aluminum profile 2, while the one-piece metal strip 38 with the aluminum profile 2 with its foot bridge 40 engages in the anchoring groove of the aluminum profile 1. The metal strips 37, 38 are corresponding the illustrations 2 and 3 are punched out and form one shown there Lattice work, through which the heat flow between the aluminum profiles 1 and 2 is reduced becomes.

7 and 8 show structural details of the embodiment according to FIG. 4th

9 is a diagram with regard to an energy-consuming shaped body shown, which is composed of potassium alum and plaster.

Curve 1 shows the response temperatures of the molded body plotted against the lower temperature axis. The response temperatures are too high from this curve recognize where crystal water is released. The area under curve 1 represents the total energy consumption.

The curve only shows the mass loss that occurs during the course of the temperature increase sets.

FIG. 10 shows a metal profile which, like the profile according to FIG. 1 from the aluminum profiles 1 and 2 and in the middle part from the perforated metal strips 4 composed. The inner chambers 5,6 and 10 are with energy-consuming and Molded bodies releasing water of crystallization 41, 42, 43, which e.g. from alum and Plaster can exist.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 10, there is also a plate-shaped one Shaped body 44 attached to the outside of the aluminum profile 1, so that in the case a fire in the vicinity of the shaped body 44 this is first activated and Crystal water releases. If the fire lasts longer, the molded articles 41.42 and 43 activates and releases water of crystallization, thereby intensive cooling of the aluminum profiles and thus a long service life of the overall construction is achieved.

In Fig. 11, a facade or a roof structure is shown, in which the Facade fields or the frame fields of the roof filled with glass panes 45 are. A main profile 46 made of aluminum is provided on the inside of the room. This The main profile is formed by plate-shaped, energy-consuming moldings 47, 48 and 49 covered, which release crystal water when a response temperature is reached and thereby cool the main profile.

The plate-shaped body 47,48,49 can be glued to the main profile or connected by mechanical means.

In the exemplary embodiment, a sheet metal cover 50 is made of light metal or be made of stainless steel and also to fix the plate-shaped body can be used.

While metal profiles are shown in the figures, in which aluminum hollow chamber profiles 1 and 2 in the middle part via perforated metal strips 4 or via composite strips 5 are interconnected, there is also the possibility of a to use one-piece extruded profile with three inner chambers, into which holes are then punched in the central area, through which holes in this area Area of heat flow is reduced.

Claims (23)

1. A framework comprising metal profile members of fire protection type for windows, doors, facades or glass roofs, wherein the metal profile members have outer portions (1, 2) which are provided with a chamber (5, 6) and which are made from light metal, preferably aluminium, and a central portion in which the heat flux is reduced, characterised in that provided between the outer portions (1, 2) is a central portion (3) of metal which is provided with through openings (12, 14) or a central portion having bridging limbs (36) of metal and fire-protection plates are arranged in the chambers (5, 6).
2. A framework according to claim 1 characterised in that the metal profile members which are provided with three internal chambers (5, 6, 10) are in the form of integral extruded aluminium profile members which have holes stamped therein in the central region.
3. A framework according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that a fire-protection strip (31) of material which inflates under temperature stress is arranged in the fitting rabbet between the fixed and movable frame structures of a door in front of the respective apertured metal bar (4).
4. A framework according to claim 1 characterised in that the metal profile members are in the form of composite profile members and have outer portions which are formed from extruded aluminium hollow-chamber profile members (1, 2) and between which is arranged a central portion (3) of metal.
5. A framework according to claim 4 characterised in that the central portion of the metal profile members has bridging limbs (13, 15) of metal between the outer portions of aluminium or consists exclusively of bridging limbs of metal.
6. A framework according to claim 5 characterised in that the metal bridging limbs (13, 15) of the central portion of the metal profile members are fixed at one end or both ends in an anchoring groove in the associated outer portion.
7. A framework according to claim 1 characterised in that the central portion of the light metal profile member is composed of at least one plastics strip (33) extending over the entire length of the central portion and metal bridging limbs (36) which extend parallel to each other and transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the light metal profile member, wherein the base profile configurations of the metal bridging limbs are arranged in openings (36) in the plastics strip (33).
8. A framework according to claim 1 characterised in that secured to the outsides and/or to the insides of the metal profile members made from aluminium, covering same, are plates or other shaped bodies comprising a heat-binding hydrophilic adsorbent with a high proportion of water or plates or other shaped bodies containing a heat-binding hydrophilic adsorbent with a high proportion of water.
9. A frame according to claim 8 characterised in that the heat-binding hydrophilic adsorbent comprises alum and gypsum.
10. A framework according to claim 9 characterised in that the heat-binding hydrophilic adsorbent comprises potassium alum and gypsum, wherein the potassium alum is bound into a gypsum matrix.
11. A framework according to claim 10 characterised in that the heat-binding plates or other shaped bodies comprise 50% potassium alum and 50% a modified gypsum.
12. A framework according to claim 4 characterised in that the central portion of the light metal profile members comprises one or more parallel-extending sheet strips, preferably of aluminium, and those sheet strips permit only a reduced heat flux by virtue of stamped-out portions of any configuration.
13. A framework according to claim 12 characterised in that the row of stamped-out portions is formed by triangles which are alternately displaced relative to each other (Figure 2).
14. A framework according to claim 12 or claim 13 characterised in that the sheet strips forming the central portion have base limbs (11) which are anchored in grooves in the outer portions of the light metal profile member.
15. A framework according to claim 8 characterised in that the plates or other shaped bodies comprising or having a heat-binding, hydrophilic adsorbent are secured to both outer portions of the light metal profile members.
16. A framework according to claim 4 characterised in that provided at both or at one outer portion of the light metal profile members and at the central portion or in a chamber of the central portion are plates or other shaped bodies of heat-binding material with a high proportion of water.
17. A framework according to claim 15 characterised in that the outer portions of the light metal profile members are in the form of closed or open hollow profile members of aluminium and shaped bodies of heat-binding material with a high proportion of water are arranged in the hollow chambers and partially or completely fill the hollow chambers.
18. A framework according to claim 17 characterised in that in addition to the arrangement of the shaped bodies of heat-binding material in a closed or open hollow chamber of one or both outer portions and/or in a closed or open hollow chamber of the central portion a cover plate of heat-binding material is secured to the outside surface of an outer portion of the light metal profile member.
19. A framework according to claim 18 characterised in that the plates of heat-binding material which are secured to the outside of the light metal profile members forming a frame are parts of a closed frame.
20. A framework according to claim 16 or claim 17 characterised in that cloths, preferably glass fibre cloths are embedded in the outer layers of the shaped bodies.
21. A framework according to claim 17, claim 18 or claim 19 characterised in that a sheet cover (50) is associated with the shaped bodies (47, 48, 49) in plate form.
22. A framework according to one of claims 8 to 21 characterised in that the energy-dispersing shaped bodies (25, 26, 27, 28) are secured by metal springs (29) in their position in the associated internal chamber of the metal profile member.
23. A framework according to one of claims 8 to 22 characterised in that the response temperatures of the shaped bodies associated with a metal profile member are different.

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