EP0716194A2 - Heat retaining construction element for indoor and outdoor finishing work in fire technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The component is made from alum as the hydrophilic absorbent material and gypsum. Potassium alum can be used bonded in a gypsum matrix. The component can be made from 50% potassium alum and 50% modified gypsum. The component is designed as a plate and several plates are connected into a frame covering a corresponding frame of metal, wood or plastics. The components can be shaped bodies or profiled strands and used as fillers for profiled hollow chambers or as covers for inner and outer constructions.

Description

The invention relates to a heat-binding component for interior and exterior construction in fire protection design.

DE 37 38 479 A1 discloses a method for inhibiting the spread of fire in burning buildings and for protecting against the effects of fire by applying a heat-insulating material to the surface of movable and permanently installed components. In this method, a heat-insulating material is built into the contact spaces between the movable and permanently installed components, a heat-binding, hydrophilic absorbent based on silicon oxide and / or aluminum silicate, advantageously synthetic zeolites of type A, X or P, being used as the heat-insulating material. According to this reference, heat-binding zeolites in the form of powder or granules can be filled into the inner chamber of single-chamber hollow profiles made from steel sheets. Cement plates can also be applied to door leaves, walls and ceilings in which the zeolites are embedded in powder or granulate form. Epoxy resin binders containing the hydrophilic adsorbent in powder or granular form can also be sprayed or spread onto the surfaces to be protected against fire.

The zeolites have a relatively high water absorption capacity and can physically bind the water as crystal water.

Depending on the type, the zeolites bind about 30 percent crystal water and release the majority of 20 to 24 percent by mass in a temperature range of 150 to 160 ° C.

Based on mass, this amount of crystal water released means an energy consumption of 470 to 550 J / g.

The more important or decisive value in practice is the volume-related energy consumption, which is between 210 and 245 J / cm³ for zeolites and for zeolites due to the low density of 0.5 to 0.6 g / cm³.

The incorporation of the zeolite into a cement-bound material again leads to a decrease in the volume-related energy consumption corresponding to the mixture of zeolite and cement mortar.

For use in and on components made of aluminum or of another material which has a lower melting point than steel, there are considerable disadvantages which considerably restrict the use of zeolites as a heat-binding, hydrophilic adsorbent or render them unusable.

The relatively low volume-related energy consumption of the zeolites requires larger receiving spaces or large-volume cladding on the elements to be protected.

Filling cavities with a powdery or granular heat-binding hydrophilic adsorbent requires a lot of effort to seal the cavities.

The relatively low melting temperature of aluminum and the good conductivity of the aluminum require lower response temperatures of the adsorbent, and clearly below 140 ° C, since in the case of fire protection closures on the side away from the fire, temperatures around 180 ° C are specified by standards.

A cement mortar binding of the hydrophilic adsorbent is disadvantageous when used on and in aluminum, since it promotes corrosion or the destruction of the material. The cement mortar does not contribute to energy consumption by releasing bound water.

The invention has for its object to develop a heat-binding component for interior and exterior construction, which consists of a carrier material and an adsorbent with higher energy consumption per volume and in which the bound crystal water is released by 100 ° C.

This object is achieved in that the component consists of alum as a hydrophilic adsorbent and gypsum.

The alum is double metal salts that are able to store crystal water by weight to a very high degree.

It is particularly advantageous to use potassium alum as the adsorbent and to incorporate the potassium alum in a gypsum matrix.

Chemically, potassium alum can be described as potassium aluminum sulfate 12 hydrate. The chemical formula is: KAl (SO₄) ₂ x 12 H₂0.

This potassium alum is able to bind approx. 45 percent water crystal water.

The crystal water is released from the potassium alum in pure form at 73 ° C.

Due to the density of the alum of 1.1 g / cm³, the volume of the stored crystal water is approx. 50 percent.

The potassium alum embedded in a gypsum matrix behaves completely neutrally with regard to the hardening of the gypsum, so that the plates, molded parts and profiles produced therefrom have sufficient stability for their use in fire protection for interior and exterior finishing.

The potassium alum does not change the setting properties of the plaster. The plaster in turn does not affect the physical water absorption of the alum.

In an advantageous embodiment of the components according to the invention as plates, molded parts or profiles, the profiles can consist of 50 percent modified gypsum and 50 percent potassium alum.

Since the plaster as well as the alum have a density of 1.1 g / cm³, this ratio is based on weight and volume.

The energy consumption of such a component is approximately 1,100 J / cm³. This value is significantly higher than the values for the zeolites mentioned above, especially if these are incorporated in filler materials.

Depending on the application, the mixing ratio between alum and plaster can be varied.

With a mixing ratio of 50:50 of gypsum and alum, the proportion of the stored crystal water is 32 percent.

Although potassium alum alone has a reaction temperature of 73 ° C, the reaction temperature in connection with the gypsum is increased to a higher value, namely about 85 ° C. This is due to the fact that the water released in the alum is held at 85 ° C by simply sucking it up through the plaster before it is converted into the vapor phase.

There is therefore a favorable reaction temperature which is at a sufficient distance from the operating temperatures which may be Can reach 70 ° C in direct sunlight with such components.

The construction of the components of alum and gypsum according to the invention has the further advantage that the water of crystallization bound in the gypsum is only released at a reaction temperature of approx multi-stage crystal water release has a positive effect on the cooling process of the components.

In addition, there is again a slight release of water bound in the gypsum at approx. 215 ° C, but this is of minor importance.

Fig. 1

ein Schaubild, in dem die Kurve I die Reaktionstemperaturen über der unteren Temperaturachse darstellt, während die Kurve II den Masseverlust angibt, der sich im Verlauf der Temperaturerhöhung einstellt,

Fig. 2

ein Leichtmetallprofil in Brandschutzausführung im Schnitt und

Fig. 3

eine Fassaden- oder Dachkonstruktion im Schnitt.

Further refinements of the component according to the invention result from the subclaims and from the following description of illustrated embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1

2 shows a graph in which curve I shows the reaction temperatures above the lower temperature axis, while curve II shows the loss of mass which arises in the course of the temperature increase,

Fig. 2

a light metal profile in the fire protection version in the cut and

Fig. 3

a facade or roof construction on average.

Curves I and II relate to a component that is composed of the gypsum carrier material and the heat-binding, hydrophilic alum adsorbent.

The response temperatures can be seen from curve I. The area under curve I represents the total energy consumption.

Curve II shows only the loss of mass that occurs as the temperature rises.

Fig. 2 shows a profile 1, which is composed of an outer part 2, a central part 3 and a further outer part 4. The outer parts 2 and 4 are made of aluminum, while the middle part 3 can also be made of aluminum or another metal. The middle part is composed of two mutually parallel profiles 5, which are connected to the outer parts 2 and 4 and recesses have, so that the heat flow in the region of the central part is less than in the outer parts.

The outer surface of the outer part 2 is covered by a heat-binding plate 6, which has gypsum as the carrier material and potassium alum as the heat-binding hydrophilic adsorbent.

This plate is stabilized by tissue embedded in the outer sides, preferably by glass fiber tissue 7, so that it can be handled like a plasterboard.

The plate can be produced in different thicknesses and dimensions, so that the intensity of the fire retardation can also be influenced by this.

If the plates 6 are used in a window frame or a door frame to cover the outer surfaces, they can be combined to form a frame corresponding to the metal frame and fixed on the outside of the metal profiles by adhesive or by mechanical means.

From Fig. 3 it can also be seen that existing alum and gypsum moldings 8,9 and 10 can be used in hollow chambers of the outer parts and the central part, so that when this molded body is heated to the response temperature water and the metal profile through this released water is cooled.

The plate-shaped components according to the invention can also, as shown in FIG. 3, in a facade or roof construction in which the facade fields or the roof fields, which are delimited by metal profiles, are filled with glass panes 10, for covering metal surfaces on the inside of the room be used.

In the construction according to FIG. 3, a main profile 11 made of aluminum, which lies in the interior of the building, is covered on its outer surfaces by plates 12, 13 and 14, which consist of alum and plaster.

These plates also have woven fabrics, preferably glass fiber woven fabrics 15, which are embedded in the outer layers for stabilization. The plates 12, 13 and 14 are connected to the main profile 11 by adhesive or by mechanical means.

In the illustrated embodiment, a metal cover 16 is also provided, which can consist of a sheet made of light metal or stainless steel. This metal cover can also be used to fix the plates 12, 13, 14.

The components according to the invention in the form of plates, molded parts or profiles can also be used to improve fire protection for covering or cladding components made of wood or plastic.

Partitions can also be produced from the components according to the invention. They can also be used to clad partitions or other walls made of metal, wood or plastic components.

Reference numerals

1

profile

2nd

Outer part

3rd

Middle section

4th

Outer part

5

profile

6

plate

7

Fiberglass fabric

8th

Molded body

9

Molded body

10th

Glass pane

11

Main profile

12th

plate

13

plate

14

plate

15

Fiberglass fabric

16

Metal cover

Claims (5)

Heat-binding component for interior and exterior construction in fire protection design, characterized in that it consists of alum as a hydrophilic adsorbent and gypsum. Component according to Claim 1, characterized in that potassium alum is used as the hydrophilic adsorbent and the potassium alum is incorporated in a gypsum matrix. Component according to claim 2, characterized in that it consists of 50 percent of potassium alum and 50 percent of a modified plaster. Component according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is plate-shaped and a plurality of plates are connected to form a frame which covers a corresponding frame made of metal, wood or plastic. Components according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed as a shaped body or as a profile strand and is used as a filling of profile hollow chambers or as a cover in interior or exterior construction.

Images