EP0052268B1 - Cabled yarn, method of making the same and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A filament bundle with at least three strands composed of several filaments, which are joined together with an amorphous bonding composition of plastic material, wherein this composition is located substantially in the inside of the filament bundle and is formed by a molten plastic filament, and the filament bundle being twisted as a whole, characterised in that the plastic filament forming the bonding composition has a melting point below 155 degrees C and an elongation at break exceeding 25% and in that, in the cross-section of the bundle, the periphery is defined exclusively by filaments without any binding composition.

Description

The present invention relates to a bundle of threads with at least three strands consisting of a plurality of threads, which are connected to one another with an informal mass, this mass being located essentially inside the bundle of threads and being formed from a molten plastic thread, and the bundle of threads being twisted as a whole , as well as a method for its production and the use of thread bundles in weaving, knitting, embroidery and sewing.

In the manufacturing process of a conventional continuous sewing thread bundle, depending on the desired final titer (gr. Per 9000 m, two or more times), a thread is made with a multifilament yarn in the S direction with certain twists per meter, depending on the material type and titer.

This can preferably be done on a multi-tier twisting machine (after previous rewinding process) or on a ring twisting machine (specialist twisting machine) directly from the bobbin. Recently, this process has also been carried out for sewing thread bundles on double-wire twisting machines.

Two or more continuous strands pre-twisted in the S direction are now twisted together in the Z direction, with the appropriate turns per meter, according to the titer and the number of thread components. This is done on a specialist twisting machine, but can also be carried out on multi-tier or double-wire twisting machines after a previous specialist process.

In both natural and synthetic yarns, a fixation process is essential after twisting.

For example, silk as well as artificial silk is steamed in an autoclave on the thread spools. The temperature and treatment time depend on the twist runs per meter. The temperature is usually 40-75 ° C, the treatment time (evacuation and steaming) approx. 40 min. In technical jargon, this process is referred to as thread calming.

The situation is different with synthetic fibers such as nylon and polyester. Both fiber groups are subjected to a stretch thermal fixation during the sewing thread production. Two methods are usually used.

In one method, the bundle of sewing threads is wound onto a fixation drum with a certain tension (stretching), according to titer and type of material, and the material is then heat-set on the fixation drum in an autoclave (nylon) or in an electric oven (polyester).

The temperature for nylon is approx. 100-140 ° C and the treatment time is approx. 80-130 min, for polyester 160-200 ° C and 80-140 min.

The second process differs from the first in that the drawing and the heat setting are carried out in one process (continue process), the drawing, the temperature and the treatment time being dependent on the titer, the type of material and the deduction.

With the stretching and the thermofixation it is achieved that the chain-shaped fiber building blocks are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the twisted yarns. Depending on the type of treatment, this also affects the final strength, the final shrinkage, the final elongation and the color affinity of the sewing thread bundle in addition to the twist calming.

The sewing thread bundles made of staple or cut fibers, both from natural and synthetic fibers, experience only slightly modified manufacturing processes compared to the continuous yarns in the sewing thread production.

After the endless spinning, the staple fiber production (synthetic cut fibers) takes place. with certain natural yarns, the staple fiber production, then the staple fibers are spun in the S direction with certain twists per meter (according to titer and intended use).

As a rule, the cotton (three-cylinder process) and the Schappespinnverfahren are used. The type of yarn originally determined the spinning process (silk, cotton).

With both spinning processes today synthetic staple fibers are spun, which, for. B. are known under the names Schappe- or cotton spun polyester.

S-spinning takes the place of primary twist production for continuous yarns.

The remaining process processes only differ from the continuous twist in that all the staple fiber sewing thread bundles are subjected to a gassing process (burning off the above fibers) after the finished twist production.

It should also be mentioned that the high-quality cotton sewing threads are subjected to an additional mercerization process instead of fixation, in order to increase the strength by approx. 8-10%, which also contributes to improving the cleanliness of the thread.

In the core yarn spinning process, one or more multifilament or monofilament strands, preferably made of polyester, are spun with natural or synthetic staple spun. The conventional ring spinning machine serves as the production machine.

Are the core strands z. B. of cotton, and the core of polyester, the stretch-thermal fixation of the core yarn has to take place before spinning.

The further sewing thread bundle finishing process, wio Fürbung. Gloitond equipment and presentation have no direct relation to the invention and are therefore neglected in the description.

The tendency to twist the thread in conventional threads, in particular sewing thread bundles, is particularly in all natural sewing threads, whether staple or continuous threads, such as. B. silk, cotton or linen, serious. During the sewing process, this leads to thread breaks, reduced sewing strength of the material to be sewn and difficulties in inserting the thread into the eye of the needle. This also makes it difficult to untie the seam end.

The twisting backward pessation also leads to unpleasant side effects, especially with continuous sewing threads made of polyamide and polyester. When sewing leather, mattress fabrics, seat belts etc., the twisting is subjected to such a high pressure that a backlog of twine is unavoidable. This leads to wrinkles in the sewing thread, eventually to nodules, which inevitably leads to needle breakage, defective needle plate and finally to rejects.

In addition, the formation of nubs in all known staple fiber and core sewing threads presents the greatest problem in terms of sewability. In the case of staple fiber sewing threads, the insufficiently bound stacks are stored at the eye of the needle and thus lead to needle or thread breakage. In the case of spun sewing threads, the greatest danger lies in postponing the spinning, which in turn leads to pimples (thickening) at the eye of the needle and usually results in a thread break or a needle break.

All sewing thread production methods known to date more or less have the disadvantages described above. The cause is a result of the insufficient connection between the individual components of the thread bundle.

A method for producing a thread bundle made of thermoplastic material is known, the strands of the thread bundle being arranged next to one another and at least one binding thread made of thermoplastic material being provided under the strands, the thread bundle being treated at elevated temperature so that the binding thread melts and fills the spaces between the strands forming the bundle of threads. In this process, the bundle of threads is thermally treated stress-free and is therefore not sealed to the outside. Therefore, the material of the molten binding thread emerges from the thread bundle and forms a rough surface which prevents further processing. These bundles of threads are therefore z. B. useless for sewing purposes. In addition, such structures are wire-like and therefore completely inflexible (DE-AS 2204119).

It has also become known a method by which a thermoplastic yarn is wound, or. is twisted. This yarn thus remains in the center of the bundle of threads as a supporting component.

After this twisting, resp. This textile product is thermally treated in such a way that the casing forms a connection with the core, the thermoplastic thread core, but without changing the cross section of the thermoplastic thread core; it is thus no connection made by the fixation between the twist components and individual plastic particles, since u. a. corresponding pressures and fixation temperatures are missing. This known method requires a relatively large proportion of thermoplastic yarn. This has the consequence that such yarn is unusable for various fields of application due to the very high expansion coefficient (5-10 times larger than e.g. polyamide 66). A fixation, i.e. H. Control of the stretch is not possible with this process and the resulting product. Such a thread is therefore unusable for use as a sewing thread for outer clothing, etc. (US Pat. No. 2,313,058).

The present invention aims to create a bundle of threads with an optimal, permanent connection between the individual threads, without impairing the flexibility of the finished bundle of threads.

The thread bundle according to the invention fulfills these conditions, which is characterized in that the plastic thread forming the binding mass has a melting point below 155 ° C. and an elongation at break of more than 25%, and that in the cross section of the bundle the circumference consists exclusively of threads and without any binding mass is set.

• Fig. 1 eine rein schematische Darstellung einer Fachzwirnmaschine für das Zwirnen des modifizierten Nylons mit mittigem Verbindungsfaden,
• Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch einen Vor- oder Erstzwirn, in schematischer Darstellung,
• Fig. 3 eine rein schematische Darstellung einer Fertigzwirnmaschine,
• Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch ein fertig gezwirntes Fadenbündel, vor dem Verbindungsprozeß, in schematischer Darstellung,
• Fig. 5 einen Querschnitt durch ein Fertigfadenbündel nach Fig. 4, nach dem Verbindungsprozeß.

The invention is subsequently explained, for example, using examples and a drawing. It shows

• 1 is a purely schematic representation of a specialist twisting machine for twisting the modified nylon with central connecting thread,
• 2 shows a cross section through a preliminary or first twist, in a schematic representation,
• 3 is a purely schematic representation of a finished twisting machine,
• 4 shows a cross section through a fully twisted bundle of threads, before the joining process, in a schematic representation,
• Fig. 5 shows a cross section through a finished thread bundle according to Fig. 4, after the joining process.

Threads according to US Pat. No. 4,225,699 are used as connectors or connecting threads between the strands, such threads consisting of a copolyamide derived from at least 3 polyamide-forming monomer components, as claimed in this US Pat.

These copolyamide threads are known under the name "separation yarns" because they are used to separate fabrics and knitted fabrics in dyeing processes. When used as connecting threads, they have important properties, which, however, only come into effect under very specific conditions (as will be explained in more detail elsewhere).

With all possible twisting technologies for the production of sewing thread bundles, care must be taken that the connecting thread after the twisting is placed as close as possible to the twisting center, between the sewing threads. This is achieved by the corresponding inlet voltages, as specified in the described exemplary embodiments 1 and 2. (This does not apply to the twisting and spinning processes, in which these conditions result from the process.)

Embodiment 1

In the following, the manufacturing process for a sewing thread Nm 8/3 continuous sewing threads, nylon 6.6 high strength and the connection of the strands with a copolyamide thread, melting point 110 ° C., are explained.

Areas of application:

Leather, mattress, upholstery and belt industry.

For the first twist production, two parallel multifilament (multifilament) 550 dtex twists, e.g. B. N 6.6 high tenacity, A and a parallel multifilament connecting twine 78 dtex B with 250-300 turns per meter from bobbins 3, 4 and 5 and twisted together in the S direction, the inlet tensions in a double twist conveyor 7 at the 550th dtex threads must not exceed 0.02 gr. per dtex. In contrast, the inlet tension of the connecting thread B in the conveyor 7 must not fall below 0.18 gr per dtex.

The reason for this lies in the better incorporation of the connecting thread B in the twisting between the two 550 dtex threads A (FIG. 2).

When first twisting resp. Depending on the final titer, finished thread can be a multifilament or monofilament copolyamide or Copolyester thread, which accounts for 0.5-15% of the final titer, is twisted as a connector.

The finished thread is then produced by winding three first twists AAB onto a bobbin 8 on a bobbin 8 analogously to that according to FIG. 1 in the Z direction with 150-200 turns per meter to form a finished thread bundle C (FIGS. 3,4).

A finished thread bundle (FIG. 4 is rewound (drawn) on a parallel stretch winder with a tension of 600-1100 gr.) On a fixation drum.

The sewing thread bundle is then treated on the fixation drum in an autoclave with a steam temperature of 110-140 ° C for 80-140 min with one or more intermediate vacuums. In this process, the chain-shaped fiber building blocks are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the thread.

At the same time, the individual threads A and B are connected. The same results can be achieved with the continue fixation described (FIG. 5).

All other finishing processes are carried out in accordance with the procedures currently used for sewing thread bundles.

Embodiment 2

The sewing thread manufacturing process Nm 40/3 is basically the same as in embodiment 1.

A parallel multifilament 235 dtex nylon 6.6 thread, high tenacity, is pre-twisted with 530-560 turns per meter in the S direction on a multi-tier twisting machine (first twisting).

Three such first twisting units and a multifil connecting thread 44 dtex, provided with a protective twist, are twisted together on a specialist twisting machine with 360-390 turns per meter in the Z direction.

The following inlet tension limits in the specialist twist conveyor must be observed. With the 235 dtex twine the tension must not exceed 0.025 gr. Per dtex and with the connecting thread 44 dtex the infeed tension into the conveyor system must not fall below 0.25 gr.

The stretching, fixation and connection process as well as the further finishing processes can be found in the exemplary embodiment 1 without any changes.

The best cotton quality (pile length) is used for cotton sewing thread bundles. The spinning is carried out on three-cylinder cotton spinning machines.

The endless spun yarn is converted into cut stacks for the synthetic staple thread bundles.

In principle, there is only one possible process process for the staple fiber sewing threads in order to produce the sewing thread bundles according to the invention.

With this possible staple fiber resp. Cut staple fiber sewing thread method, in the finished twisting process, as described in the exemplary embodiment 2 for the finished thread production section, an endless connecting thread with the corresponding thermal properties is also twisted in the respective quantity ratio.

All other treatments remain the same as described in embodiment 3.

Embodiment 3

A Nm 95 (Ne 56) cotton with 600-750 spins per meter in the S direction is spun on a cotton spinning machine (three-cylinder spinning machine).

Three spinning units are joined together with the endless connecting thread on a twist protection machine with 20 Z-turns per meter volume.

A unit is twisted on a Hamelz twisting machine to 600-700 turns per meter in the Z direction.

The gassing is e.g. B. on a Mettler gasification machine, heated with propane gas or electrically, with 550-700 meters deduction per minute.

The connection process takes place with the cotton sewing thread bundle in an autoclave at 120 "C, with one or more vacuums, for 50-110 minutes on the gas spools.

The remaining processes can be found in exemplary embodiment 1.

Staple fiber (chopped fiber) sewing threads made of synthetic yarns correspond to the cotton sewing thread process with the necessary thermal and technical modifications.

The cotton sewing thread, produced according to the connection of the individual sewing threads according to the invention, in any case requires a one-bath two-step dyeing, which is not necessary for the synthetic staple fiber sewing threads with the correct choice of thread (nylon or polyester).

In the core yarn sewing thread production process, in turn, as in the staple fiber sewing thread process, only one method can be used to produce the sewing thread bundle according to the invention.

In this process, a compound yarn titer, depending on the desired final titer, is added to the first twisted core yarn (one or more times) during the spinning process.

Subsequently, a connection process has to take place, which in the autoclave resp. Electric oven, depending on the type of core yarn, is made under tension.

It should also be mentioned that the same methods are used for twisted sewing threads which are produced on hollow spindle twisting machines.

• Um eine optimale Verbindung der Zwirne zu erreichen, muß das Fadenbündel unter möglichst hoher Spannung thermisch behandelt werden. Diese Spannung muß so hoch sein, daß die einzelnen Zwirne den Verbindungsfaden praktisch hermetisch abschließen, ohne jedoch andere Nachteile zu verursachen und so ein Austreten des verflüssigten Verbindungsfadens verhindern. Im weiteren wird diese Abdichtung durch die Anzahl Drehungen pro Meter (Erstzwirn und Fertigzwirn) beeinflußt. Die richtige Anzahl Drehungen pro Meter verhütet ferner eine Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Fibrillen der Zwirne, welche für die Fertigfadenflexibilität nicht erwünscht ist.

The following connection requirements must be observed:

• In order to achieve an optimal connection of the threads, the thread bundle must be thermally treated under the highest possible tension. This tension must be so high that the individual threads practically hermetically seal the connecting thread without, however, causing other disadvantages and thus preventing the liquefied connecting thread from escaping. In addition, this seal is influenced by the number of turns per meter (first thread and finished thread). The correct number of turns per meter also prevents a connection between the individual fibrils of the threads, which is not desirable for the flexibility of the finished thread.

When twisting, the connector forms the "embedment" known as "soul" on ropes, which becomes more and more tightly wrapped as the number of turns increases and becomes more and more inaccessible from the outside. The number of rotations must be so high that even during the thermal treatment of the thread bundle, in which the connector melts, no connector material can escape to the outside of the thread bundle outer surface.

As the most detailed tests have shown, it can be advantageous to stretch the bundle of threads when winding onto the fixation drum to the area of greatest tensile strength.

For the spinning, twisting and staple thread bundles, proceed as prescribed, observing the process-related modifications.

Any thread made of spinnable plastic can be used as a connector or connecting thread, provided that it has a sufficient elongation at break of over 25%, e.g. B. between 30 and 50%, preferably between 35 and 40% and has a melting point which, depending on the application, is between 70 and 155 ° C. Such a thread must also - at least under pressure - be able to form an adhesive connection with other textile threads.

• - Schmelzpunkt bei Verwendung für Naturgarn-Nähfadenbündel zwischen 70-90° C,
• - Schmelzpunkt bei Verwendung für Nylongarn-Nähfadenbündel zwischen 105-140°C,
• - Schmelzpunkt bei Verwendung für Polyestergarn-Nähfadenbündel zwischen 140-155°C.

The connecting copolyamide threads »Emser separating threads« as connecting material have these properties. Their high elongation properties have a very favorable effect on the flexibility of the finished bundle of threads. Furthermore, this connecting thread has the advantageous property that, in the molten state, it only connects to other types of thread under pressure, in contrast to other known adhesive or separating yarns from other copolyamide compositions, which form a sticky mass in the molten state, and without Connect pressure to everything. Depending on the type of thread, the copolyamide connecting threads used (Emser separating thread products) have the following thermal properties:

• - melting point when used for natural thread sewing thread bundles between 70-90 ° C,
• - melting point when used for nylon thread bundles between 105-140 ° C,
• - Melting point when used for polyester thread bundles between 140-155 ° C.

These threads are threads made of a copolyamide which is derived from at least 3 unbranched and saturated randomly distributed monomer components forming polyamide. The copolyamide has an average amide frequency of 1 -CONH- to 6.4-7.4 -CH ₂ -, or 1 -CH ₂ - to 0.156-0.135 -CONH-. It contains 10-60 mol% of each monomer component, based on the total molar approach of the sum of all monomer components. The sum of the mol% batches of all monomer components is equal to 100. The threads made from this material have melting points below 155 ° C.

In addition to the large, e.g. B. sewing technology, advantages of the thread bundle according to the invention, the following essential advantage is to be noted: On all conventional twisting devices, the thread bundles according to the invention can be produced without major changes to the device.

• 1. Endlosgarn-Nähfadenbündel aus natürlichen, künstlichen und synthetischen Fasern,
• 2. Stapelfaser-Nähfadenbündel (Langfaser-und Baumwollspinnverfahren) aus natürlichen, künstlichen und synthetischen Fasern,
• 3. Umspinnungs-Nähfadenbündel (Kerngarn-Nähfäden) aus natürlichen, künstlichen und synthetischen Fasern,
• 4. Fadenbündel aus natürlichen, künstlichen oder synthetischen Fasern; endlos, geschnitten oder gerissen, für die Verarbeitung in der Weberei, Wirkerei und Strickerei.

In the following the thread bundle groups and their area of application are given:

• 1. continuous thread sewing thread bundle made of natural, artificial and synthetic fibers,
• 2. staple fiber sewing thread bundle (long fiber and cotton spinning process) from natural, artificial and synthetic fibers,
• 3. braiding sewing thread bundles (core thread sewing threads) made of natural, artificial and synthetic fibers,
• 4. bundles of threads made of natural, artificial or synthetic fibers; endless, cut or torn, for processing in weaving, knitting and knitting.

Area of application: sewing thread bundle

• Women's and girls' clothing made from fabrics and knitwear
• Men's and boy's outerwear, uniforms,
• Men's, women's and children's underwear, shirts, T-shirts, blouses, bed and house linen, corsetry and tricot days,
• Work, sports, swimming and leisure clothing, tents and camping articles, sails, flags.
• For all clothing areas including socks / stockings,
• Leather clothing, suitcases, bags, gloves, belts, braces, military items, fur clothing and fur items of all kinds, women's, men's and children's shoes, ski, sports and hiking shoes, slippers, curtains, curtains, decorations, bed, table - and household linen, cleaning and cleaning cloths, carpets,
• Hats, caps, ties, umbrellas,
• Poster furniture made of fabric, natural and synthetic leather, mattresses and bedding, quilts and pillows, car, train and plane seats, truck and train sheets, car and boat covers, air-filled halls, techn. Fabrics (filters), sacks and containers made of fabric and plastic, carrying, lifting and safety belts, blinds / awnings, zippers.

Claims (22)

1. A filament bundle with at least three strands composed of several filaments, which are joined together with an amorphous bonding composition of plastic material, wherein this composition is located substantially in the inside of the filament bundle and is formed by a molten plastic filament, and the filament bundle being twisted as a whole, characterised in that the plastic filament forming the bonding composition has a melting point below 155"C and an elongation at break exceeding 25% and in that, in the cross- section of the bundle, the periphery is defined exclusively by filaments without any binding composition.

2. A filament bundle according to claim 1, characterised in that the bonding composition is a copolyamide or copolyester.

3. A filament bundle according to claim 1 in which the melting point of the bonding composition lies between 70 and 155°C.

4. A filament bundle according to claim 1, characterised in that the bonding composition is composed of a thermoplastic material.

5. A filament bundle according to claim 1, characterised in that the bonding composition is a copolyamide, in particular a copolyamide derived from at least three polyamide-forming monomer components.

6. A filament bundle according to claim 1, in which the bonding composition is composed of a copolyamide which is derived from at least three polyamide-forming, unbranched saturated, statistically distributed monomer components, which has an average amide occurrance of 1 -CONH- to 6.4-7. 4 -CH₂-, or 1 -CH₂- to 0.156-0.135 -CONH-, and in which each monomer component is present in a quantity of from 10 to 60 mol-%, based on the total molar mixture of all monomer components an the sum of the mol-% mixture of all monomer components is equal to 100 and the bonding composition has a melting point below 155° C.

7. Natural fibre sewing filament bundle according to claim 1, in which the bonding composition has a melting point between 70 and 90° C.

8. A polyamide sewing filament bundle according to claim 1, in which the bonding composition has a melting point between 105 and 140° C.

9. A polyester sewing filament bundle according to claim 1, in which the bonding composition has a melting point between 140 and 155° C.

10. A filament bundle according to claim 1, characterised in that the proportion of bonding composition is from 0.5 to 15 of the final count.

11. A filament bundle according to claim 1, characterised in that the bonding composition sticks the strands together.

12. A method of producing a filament bundle according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that composed of at least three strands plus a meltable plastic filament, the strands and filament are twisted under tension and the filament is thus subjected to external pressure, the filament being subjected to a higher tension than the strands in order to surround the filament with the strands so that it cannot be washed out, and in that this filament bundle is subjected to a thermal treatment at between 70 and 200°C and is followed by rewinding for further processing.

13. A method according to claim 12, characterised in that the filament bundle is drawn after being twisted.

14. A method according to claim 12, characterised in that the thermal treatment, preferably with at least an intermediate vacuum, is carried out for a period of at least 30 minutes, for example between 60 and 140 minutes, in particular in an autoclave, for example at between 70 and 155⁰ _C.

15. A method according to claim 12 or 14, characterised in that the thermal treatment is carried out on the elongated filament bundle in particular on a filament bundle drawn into the range of maximum tensile strength.

16. A method according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterised in that the filament bundle is treated with steam.

17. A method according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterised in that at least three strands are twisted togehter and the filament bundle is rewound under a tension of, for example, between 600 and 1100 gr followed by a thermal treatment.

18. A method according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterised in that the filament bundle is treated for between 80 and 140 minutes at a temperature of 110 to 200° C, in particular from 110 to 140° C, preferably with steam.

19. A method according to one of claims 12 to 18, characterised in that one or more intermediate vacua are built up during the treatment.

20. A method according to one of claims 12 to 19, characterised in, when rewinding the filament bundle prior to the thermal treatment, it is streched up to the maximum tensile strength.

21. Use of filament bundles according to one of claims 1 to 11 for sewing, weaving or knitting.

22. Use of filament bundles according to claim 21 for any form of fabrics.

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