WO2020173166A1

WO2020173166A1 - Fuel cell cold start system and cold start control method

Info

Publication number: WO2020173166A1
Application number: PCT/CN2019/123948
Authority: WO
Inventors: 李勇; 邓佳; 韦庆省; 王宏旭; 赵勇富; 梁未栋; 易勇; 张振涛; 郭志军
Original assignee: 中山大洋电机股份有限公司
Priority date: 2019-02-28
Filing date: 2019-12-09
Publication date: 2020-09-03

Abstract

A fuel cell cold start system and a cold start control method, the fuel cell cold start method comprising: in a hydrogen path system and a cooling loop system (10E), respectively installing temperature detection units (102A, 2B, 3C, 1D, 2D) and electric heating units (101A, 1B, 2C, 4D); the temperature detection units (102A, 2B, 3C, 1D, 2D) detect the temperature rise in the hydrogen path system and the cooling loop system (10E) and send a temperature signal to a fuel cell controller (5E); when the temperature is too low, the fuel cell controller (5E) controls the electric heating units (101A, 1B, 2C, 4D) installed in the hydrogen path system and the cooling loop system (10E) to power-on and heat until the temperature in the hydrogen path system and the cooling loop system (10E) reaches a predetermined temperature, and then the fuel cell is started. A low power consumption cold start is achieved by means of control, so there is no need to wait a long time for a cold start; the start is fast, the structure compact and easy to implement, production and assembly costs are low, and after-sales maintenance is simple and convenient.

Description

Fuel cell cold start system and cold start control method

Technical field:

The invention relates to a fuel cell cold start system and a cold start control method.

Background technique:

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a power generation device that can directly convert the chemical energy stored in the fuel into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. The device that performs chemical reactions is often called a "pile" or "pile module". The anode side and the cathode side are continuously supplied with fuel (generally hydrogen) and oxidant (generally air), and it can continuously output electric energy through the oxidation-reduction reaction. Unlike ordinary rechargeable batteries (such as lithium batteries), a simple fuel cell or fuel cell stack unit cannot work. It needs a complex auxiliary system to cooperate with it to form a fuel cell power generation system to generate electricity. . A typical fuel cell power generation system generally includes hydrogen supply in addition to the fuel cell stack. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a power generation device that can directly convert the chemical energy stored in the fuel into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. As long as the fuel (generally hydrogen) and oxidant (generally air) are continuously supplied on the anode side and the cathode side, it can continuously output electric energy through the oxidation-reduction reaction. Unlike ordinary rechargeable batteries (such as lithium batteries), a simple fuel cell or fuel cell stack unit cannot work. It needs a complex auxiliary system to cooperate with it to form a fuel cell power generation system to generate electricity. . A typical fuel cell power generation system, in addition to the fuel cell stack, generally includes a hydrogen circuit system, a cooling circuit system, an air circuit system, and an electrical management and control subsystem.

The hydrogen circuit system is one of the important subsystems of the fuel cell power generation system, which provides the required hydrogen with a certain pressure and flow rate for fuel cell power generation. As shown in Figure 1, the hydrogen supply device generally uses hydrogen storage equipment and a series of decompression devices to transport hydrogen into the reactor to participate in the reaction. The hydrogen pressure is measured in real time by a hydrogen pressure sensor installed at the entrance of the reactor. In order to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen and the safety of the stack operation, the remaining hydrogen in the reaction is generally not directly discharged into the atmosphere, but a hydrogen return pump is used to directly pump the unreacted hydrogen on the hydrogen loop from the anode side outlet of the fuel cell stack. The anode side inlet, which merges with the freshly injected reaction gas at the inlet, enters the fuel cell to participate in the reaction again. During normal use of the fuel cell, the nitrogen in the air reacted on the cathode side of the stack and the water produced after the reaction will continue to diffuse to the anode side through the proton exchange membrane due to the difference in concentration, resulting in a continuous decrease in the effective concentration of hydrogen on the anode side. , Affecting the reaction rate and stack performance. In system design, an electromagnetic purge valve is generally added to the outlet pipe on the anode side of the stack. According to the system control design requirements, it will be periodically opened and closed, and part of the hydrogen, nitrogen and water in the hydrogen loop will be periodically turned on and off. Atmospheric discharge prevents the continuous accumulation of nitrogen and water in the hydrogen circuit.

When the external environment temperature is lower than the freezing point and the fuel cell system is shut down, the liquid water attached to the hydrogen circuit system condenses into ice, the flow channel is blocked, and the fuel cell power generation system cannot work normally during cold start until the solid ice on the flow channel melts. It can be started normally, otherwise the entire system cannot be cold-started and run normally, which needs improvement. In addition, the cooling circuit system will also fail to start normally due to the low temperature of the external environment, and the air supply system will also be too low due to the low temperature of the external environment, which will affect the operation of the fuel cell. In a low temperature environment, the water remaining on the fuel cell proton exchange membrane after the battery reactor is shut down will freeze, which will destroy the fuel cell proton exchange membrane. At the same time, the best working temperature of the fuel cell is between 60℃-70℃, the reliability of the fuel cell is insufficient in the low temperature state, and the waiting time for starting at the low temperature cold start is too long, and the fuel cell temperature cannot be raised quickly, which will be serious Affect the efficiency of the fuel cell.

Summary of the invention:

An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell cold start system, which can avoid the technical problems of poor cold start reliability of the fuel cell in colder regions and inability to quickly start.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell cold start control method, which solves the technical problems of poor cold start reliability of the fuel cell in colder regions and inability to quickly start.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

A fuel cell cold start system, including a stack, a fuel cell controller, a hydrogen circuit system, a cooling circuit system, and an air circuit system, characterized in that several temperature sensors and a number of temperature sensors are installed in the hydrogen circuit system and/or the cooling circuit system An electric heating unit, the temperature sensor detects the temperature rise of the hydrogen circuit system and/or cooling circuit system and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller, which controls the installation in the hydrogen circuit system and/or cooling circuit according to the temperature signal The electric heating unit on the system is switched on and off.

The components in the hydrogen circuit system described above include a hydrogen inlet manifold, a hydrogen return pump and a purge valve, and the several temperature sensors include a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a third temperature sensor, The electric heating unit includes a first electric heating plate, a second electric heating plate, and a third electric heating plate, the first temperature sensor and the first electric heating plate are installed on the hydrogen inlet manifold, and the second temperature sensor And the second electric heating plate are installed on the hydrogen return pump, and the third temperature sensor and the third electric heating plate are installed on the purge valve.

The above-mentioned hydrogen inlet integrated manifold includes a manifold, a shut-off valve, a proportional regulating valve, a pressure sensor and a pressure relief valve; the shut-off valve is used to control the on and off of the hydrogen inlet; the proportional regulating valve is used to control the pressure of the hydrogen circuit; The pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure of the hydrogen circuit; the pressure relief valve is used to protect the stack from being damaged by high pressure; the manifold block integrates a shut-off valve, a proportional regulating valve, a pressure sensor, and a pressure relief valve; the first temperature sensor is used to The temperature rise of the hydrogen inlet manifold is detected and the temperature signal is sent to the fuel cell controller. The fuel cell controller controls the first electric heating plate installed on the hydrogen inlet manifold to turn on and off according to the temperature signal.

The multiple channels inside the manifold block are connected to install stop valves, proportional regulating valves, pressure sensors, and pressure relief valves to perform on-off, regulation, pressure monitoring and safety protection of hydrogen at the inlet end, and control the hydrogen entering the stack inlet; A first electric heating plate is installed at the bottom of the manifold for low-temperature start heating, and a first temperature sensor is installed at the top to detect the temperature in real time.

The above-mentioned hydrogen return pump is connected to the hydrogen outlet end and the hydrogen inlet end of the stack, and the unreacted hydrogen at the hydrogen outlet end is repressurized and returned to the hydrogen inlet end of the stack; the second electric heating plate is installed at the bottom of the hydrogen return pump, It is used to start heating at low temperature; a second temperature sensor is installed at the bottom of the hydrogen return pump to detect the temperature of the hydrogen return pump in real time.

A third electric heating plate is installed on both sides and bottom of the above-mentioned purge valve to start heating at low temperature; a third temperature sensor is installed on the side to detect the temperature of the purge valve in real time.

The cooling loop system described above cools the stack. The cooling loop system includes a cooling pipe passing through the battery reactor, a water pump, a radiator, and a thermostatic three-way valve. The electric heating unit includes an electric heater, and the electric heater is installed. The cooling liquid is heated on the cooling pipe. A coolant supplement circuit is connected between the first water outlet of the cooling pipe and the first water inlet of the cooling pipe. The first water inlet of the cooling pipe is equipped with a fourth temperature sensor and cooling A fifth temperature sensor is provided at the first outlet of the pipeline. The fourth temperature sensor and the fifth temperature sensor transmit the detected coolant temperature data to the fuel cell system controller. The fuel cell system controller controls the thermostatic three-way valve, Water pump and electric heater work.

The above-mentioned air circuit system includes an air compressor, and the air compressor includes a motor, a motor controller, a transmission, and a compressor for sucking in air and compressing the air; an air cooler for cooling the compressed air; air compression The engine is controlled by the fuel cell controller. A sixth temperature sensor is installed at the outlet of the air circuit system. The sixth temperature sensor detects the rise in air temperature and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. The fuel cell controller controls the air according to the temperature signal. Compressor, when the output air temperature is low, the fuel cell controller controls the air compressor to work to heat the air.

A cold start control method for a fuel cell, the fuel cell comprising an electric stack, a fuel cell controller, a hydrogen circuit system, a cooling circuit system and an air circuit system, characterized in that: the hydrogen circuit system and the cooling circuit system are installed separately Temperature detection unit and electric heating unit. The temperature detection unit detects the temperature rise of the hydrogen circuit system and cooling circuit system and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. When the temperature is too low, the fuel cell controller controls the installation in the hydrogen circuit system The electric heating unit on the cooling circuit system is energized for heating, and the fuel cell is not started until the temperature of the hydrogen circuit system and the cooling circuit system reaches a predetermined temperature.

The hydrogen inlet manifold block, hydrogen return pump, and purge valve in the above-mentioned hydrogen circuit system are respectively equipped with a temperature detection unit and an electric heating unit. The fuel cell controller monitors the hydrogen inlet manifold block, hydrogen return pump, and purge The temperature of the valve changes. When the temperature is too low, the fuel cell controller controls the electric heating unit installed on the hydrogen inlet manifold, the hydrogen return pump, and the purge valve to be energized and heated. The fuel cell will not be activated until the predetermined temperature is reached.

The above-mentioned air circuit system includes an air compressor. The air compressor is controlled by the fuel cell controller. A sixth temperature sensor is installed at the outlet end of the air circuit system. The sixth temperature sensor detects the air temperature rise and sends the temperature signal The fuel cell controller, the fuel cell controller controls the air compressor according to the temperature signal, when the output air temperature is low, the fuel cell controller controls the air compressor to work to heat the air until the air temperature reaches a predetermined temperature before starting the fuel battery.

The heating rate of the above-mentioned hydrogen circuit system, cooling circuit system and air circuit system is close.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following effects:

1) The fuel cell of the present invention can avoid the lack of reliability of the fuel cell system in the prior art under low temperature conditions; compared to some existing products on the market, the long-term heat preservation strategy is adopted, and the present invention adopts efficient control technology and the lowest power consumption cooling system Start-up, start-up speed is fast, no long-term cold start waiting;

2) The fuel cell of the present invention has a compact structure, is easy to implement, and has extremely low production and assembly costs; after-sales maintenance is simple and convenient, and has good reliability.

3) The cold start control method of the fuel cell of the present invention has simple control, easy implementation, low cost, good reliability and fast cold start, energy saving, and meeting objective requirements;

4) Other advantages of the present invention are described in detail in the embodiment section.

Description of the drawings:

Figure 1 is a block diagram of the working principle of an existing fuel cell;

2 is a perspective view of the structure of the fuel cell provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

3 is another perspective view of the structure of the fuel cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is an exploded view of the fuel cell provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel cell stack provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a fuel cell provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a circuit block diagram of a fuel cell provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Figure 8 is a circuit block diagram further expanded in Figure 7;

Fig. 9 is an angled perspective view of the hydrogen inlet manifold block provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is another perspective view of the hydrogen inlet manifold block provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a side view of a hydrogen inlet manifold block provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of A-A in Figure 11;

FIG. 13 is a top view of a hydrogen inlet manifold block provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of B-B in Figure 13;

Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of C-C in Figure 13;

Fig. 16 is a working block diagram of the first electric heating plate and the first temperature sensor of the hydrogen inlet manifold block provided in the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a hydrogen recovery pump provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

18 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a hydrogen return pump provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

19 is a partial cross-sectional view of the hydrogen return pump provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Figure 20 is a partial enlarged view of D in Figure 19;

Fig. 21 is a control circuit diagram of a hydrogen return pump provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 22 is a perspective view of a purge valve provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[Corrected according to Rule 91 27.12.2019]
Figure 23 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the sweep valve provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

24 is a partial structural diagram of a purge valve provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Figure 25 is a control circuit diagram of the purge valve provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling circuit system provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Figure 27 is a block schematic diagram of a cooling circuit system provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 28 is a schematic structural diagram of an air path system provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

detailed description:

Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described in detail through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example one:

As shown in Figures 2 to 5, this embodiment provides a fuel cell cold start system, including a tank cover 1E, a tank body 2E, a bottom cover 3E, a stack 4E, a fuel cell controller 5E, and a hydrogen inlet integrated manifold Block 6E, hydrogen return pump 7E, purge valve 8E, cooling circuit system 10E, and air circuit system 9E, among which hydrogen inlet manifold block 6E, hydrogen return pump 7E, and purge valve 8E constitute a hydrogen circuit system; stack 4E, fuel The battery controller 5E, the hydrogen inlet manifold block 6E, the hydrogen return pump 7E, and the purge valve 8E are installed in the cavity of the box 2E, and the cooling circuit system 10E and the air path system 9E are installed outside the box 2E and installed in the box. The bottom surface of the body 2E is then covered with a bottom cover 3E.

As shown in Figures 2 to 8, a fuel cell cold start system of the present invention includes a stack 4E, a fuel cell controller, a hydrogen circuit system, a cooling circuit system, and an air circuit system. It is characterized in that: And/or the cooling circuit system is equipped with several temperature sensors and several electric heating units. The temperature sensor detects the temperature rise of the hydrogen circuit system and/or the cooling circuit system and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. The fuel cell controller The temperature signal controls the power on and off of the electric heating unit installed on the hydrogen circuit system and/or cooling circuit system. The components in the hydrogen circuit system include a hydrogen inlet integrated manifold 6E, a hydrogen return pump 7E, and a purge valve 8E. The several temperature sensors include a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a third temperature sensor. The plurality of electric heating units include a first electric heating plate, a second electric heating plate, and a third electric heating plate. The first temperature sensor and the first electric heating plate are installed on the hydrogen intake manifold 6E, and the second temperature sensor And the second electric heating plate are installed on the hydrogen return pump 7E, and the third temperature sensor and the third electric heating plate are installed on the purge valve 8E.

As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 9 to Figure 16, the above-mentioned hydrogen inlet integrated manifold block 6E includes manifold block 1A, manifold block 1A is provided with a flow channel for hydrogen to circulate, and also includes installation in manifold block 1A On the first heating plate 101A and the first temperature sensor 102A. The first temperature sensor 102A detects the temperature of the fuel cell hydrogen inlet manifold block 6E. When the fuel cell hydrogen inlet manifold block 6E is started at low temperature, the first electric heating plate 101A can be used to conduct various parts of the fuel cell hydrogen inlet manifold block 6E. Heating is performed to achieve the cold start function. The above-mentioned first electric heating plate 101A is an electric heating plate, and the electric heating plate is attached to the surface of the manifold block 1A. The heating plate has a simple structure and a wide heating range, which enhances the heating effect. The first temperature sensor 102A and the first electric heating plate 101A are respectively connected to the fuel cell controller. The first temperature sensor 102A senses the temperature of the manifold block 1A. When the sensed temperature is lower than the set value, the fuel cell controller The first electric heating plate 101A is controlled to work. When the sensed temperature is greater than the set value, the fuel cell controller controls the first electric heating plate 101A to stop working. When a cold start is performed in a low temperature environment, the first temperature sensor 102A detects the temperature of the hydrogen inlet valve assembly in real time and sends it to the fuel cell controller. The fuel cell controller controls the first electric heating plate 101A to collectively heat the parts. After the expected temperature, the cold start is successful; the heating is directly controlled by the fuel cell controller, and the control is fast and simple. The aforementioned electric heating plate is mounted on the bottom surface 182A of the manifold block 1A, and the first temperature sensor 102A is mounted on the top surface 181A of the manifold block 1A. Easy installation and wide heating range. The aforementioned electric heating plate is also attached to the side surface 183A of the manifold block 1. Further increase the heating area and enhance the heating effect. The above-mentioned hydrogen inlet integrated manifold block 6E further includes a shut-off valve 2A, a proportional regulating valve 3A, a pressure sensor 4A, a hydrogen inlet connector 5A, and a hydrogen outlet connector 7A. The flow channel provided in the manifold block 1A for hydrogen gas circulation includes a first flow channel. 11A, the second flow channel 12A and the third flow channel 13A, the first inlet 111A of the first flow channel 11A is installed with the hydrogen inlet connector 5A, the first outlet 112A of the first flow channel 11A and the second inlet 121A of the second flow channel 12A pass The shut-off valve 2A is connected, the second outlet 122A of the second flow passage 12A is connected to the third inlet 131A of the third flow passage 13A through the proportional regulating valve 3A, and the third outlet 132A of the third flow passage 13A is installed with a hydrogen outlet connector 7A. The middle of the three flow passages 13A is connected with a pressure detection passage 40A, and a pressure sensor 4A is installed in the pressure detection passage 40A. The components are integrated by the manifold block 1A, which has strong integrity, smart volume, low manufacturing cost, and the heating effect of the first electric heating plate 101A is more effective. The first flow channel 11A, the second flow channel 12A, and the third flow channel 13A are all straight pipes. The first flow channel 11A and the third flow channel 13A are parallel to each other, and the second flow channel 12A is perpendicular to the first flow channel 11A. The distribution is simple and reasonable. A grounding terminal 17A is also installed on the surface of the manifold block 1A. The grounding terminal 17A is connected to the tank of the fuel cell through a grounding lead, which effectively eliminates static electricity. The pressure detection channel 40A is connected with a pressure relief channel 105A, and a pressure relief valve 106A is installed at the end of the pressure relief channel 105A. The pressure relief valve 106A can protect the stack from being damaged by high pressure. A flow limiting block 8A is installed in the above-mentioned hydrogen inlet connector 5A, and a flow limiting hole 81A is provided in the middle of the flow limiting block 8A. When the proportional regulating valve 3A and the shut-off valve 2A fail, the restricting hole 81A restricts the flow of hydrogen to prevent the hydrogen coming from the gas cylinder from directly entering the manifold 1A and causing damage to the stack module group. A bracket 104A is installed on the bottom surface 182A of the manifold block 1A, and the first electric heating plate 101A is supported on the bracket 104A. The bracket 104A enhances the anti-vibration capability of the hydrogen inlet valve assembly.

As shown in Figures 4, 5, and 17 to 20, the hydrogen return pump 7E connects the hydrogen outlet end and the hydrogen inlet end of the stack, and repressurizes the unreacted hydrogen at the hydrogen outlet end and returns to the stack At the hydrogen inlet end of the hydrogen return pump 7E, a second electric heating plate is installed at the bottom of the hydrogen return pump 7E to start heating at low temperature; a second temperature sensor is also installed at the bottom of the hydrogen return pump 7E to detect the temperature of the hydrogen return pump 7E in real time. The hydrogen return pump 7E is equipped with a second electric heating plate 1B and a second temperature sensor 2B. The second temperature sensor 2B detects the temperature of the hydrogen return pump 7E, and the second electric heating plate 1B heats the hydrogen return pump 7E at an appropriate time, thereby Realize the cold start function. The second electric heating plate 1B is an electric heating plate, and the hydrogen return pump is heated by the electric heating plate at an appropriate time, so as to realize the cold start function. The second electric heating plate 1B and the second temperature sensor 2B are respectively connected to the fuel cell controller. The second temperature sensor 2B detects the temperature of the hydrogen return pump 7E and sends it to the fuel cell controller. When the detected temperature is lower than the set value The fuel cell controller controls the second electric heating plate 1B to work. When the detected temperature is higher than the set value, the fuel cell controller controls the second electric heating plate 1B to stop working, and the fuel cell controller controls the heating, which is fast and simple. The hydrogen return pump 7E includes a first diaphragm pump 61, a first mounting plate 62, a first air collecting block 63, a motor 64, a second diaphragm pump 65, a second mounting plate 66, a second air collecting block 67, a joint 68, and an inlet The hydrogen pipeline 69 and the hydrogen outlet pipeline 670, the bottom of the first mounting plate 62 is equipped with a first gas collecting block 63, the top of the first mounting plate 62 is equipped with a first diaphragm pump 61, and the bottom of the second mounting plate 66 is equipped with a second gas collecting block Block 67, the second diaphragm pump 65 is installed on the top of the second mounting plate 66, the first gas collecting block 63 and the second gas collecting block 67 are connected by a joint 68, between the first diaphragm pump 61 and the second diaphragm pump 65 The motor 64 is installed. The motor 64 drives the first diaphragm pump 61 and the second diaphragm pump 65. One side of the second gas collecting block 67 is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe 69, and one side of the first gas collecting block 63 is connected to the hydrogen outlet pipe 670. The second electric heating plate 1B is installed on the second gas gathering block 67 or/and the first gas gathering block 63. It has a compact structure, reasonable layout and convenient installation. The heating effect of the second electric heating plate 1B is more effective. The second electric heating plate 1B is mounted on the bottom surface installed on the second gas collecting block 67 or/and the first gas collecting block 63; the second temperature sensor 2B is a wire ear temperature sensor, and the wire ear temperature sensor passes The screws are fixed on the side surface of the second gas collecting block 67, which is convenient to install and simple in structure. The second gas gathering block 67 includes a flow channel top plate 41B and a flow channel bottom plate 42B. A hydrogen flow channel 43B is formed between the flow channel top plate 41B and the flow channel bottom plate 42B. When hydrogen is fed into the hydrogen inlet pipe 69, the hydrogen passes through The hydrogen gas flow channel 43B of the second gas gathering block 67 is transferred to the first gas gathering block 63 through the joint 68 and then transmitted from the hydrogen outlet pipe 670. The second electric heating plate 1B is attached to the bottom of the runner bottom plate 42B, and the second temperature sensor 2B is fixed on the side surface of the runner top plate 41B by screws. The bottom of the second electric heating plate 1B is provided with a pressing plate 11B. The pressing plate 11B and the flow channel bottom plate 42B are fixed by screws and the second electric heating plate 1B is pressed tightly to prevent the second electric heating plate from loosening and causing the fuel cell to fail. Realize the cold start function. The first gas gathering block 63 and the second gas gathering block 67 have the same structure.

As shown in Figure 21 to Figure 25, the purge valve is connected to the hydrogen outlet end of the stack to remove the reaction by-product water vapor at the hydrogen outlet end and the nitrogen permeated from the air end to improve the efficiency and use of the stack Life; the above-mentioned purge valve 8E is an electromagnetic purge valve 1C, the electromagnetic purge valve 1C is installed with a third electric heating plate 2C and a third temperature sensor 3C, the electromagnetic purge valve 1C is detected by the third temperature sensor 3C The third electric heating plate 2C heats the electromagnetic purge valve 1C at an appropriate time to achieve the cold start function. The electromagnetic purge valve 1C includes a purge valve body 11C, a third electric heating plate 2C is mounted on the outer surface of the purge valve body 11C, and the electromagnetic purge valve is heated at an appropriate time through the third electric heating plate 2C , So as to realize the cold start function. The third electric heating plate 2C includes a bottom electric heating plate 21C and a side electric heating plate 22C. The bottom electric heating plate 21C and the side electric heating plate 22C are electric heating plates. The bottom electric heating plate 21C is installed on the purge valve. The bottom surface of the body 11C, the side electric heating plate 22C is installed on the side of the purge valve body 11C, the bottom electric heating plate 21C and the side electric heating plate 22C heat the electromagnetic purge valve 1C, so that the electromagnetic purge valve 1C is fast Warm up and melt ice. The electromagnetic purge valve 1C includes a purge valve body 11C and a first support frame 12C supporting the purge valve body 11C. The first support frame 12C includes a first bottom plate 121C and a first side plate 122C. A first bottom plate 121C extends from the bottom of the side plate 122C. The purge valve body 11C is supported on the top surface of the first bottom plate 121C. One side of the purge valve body 11C is provided with a hydrogen inlet 111C, and a purge valve A hydrogen outlet connector 112C is provided on the other side of the body 11C. A heat conducting core 110C is provided on the bottom of the purge valve body 11C. The bottom electric heating plate 21C is installed between the purge valve body 11C and the first bottom plate 121C, and the bottom electric heating plate 21C is attached to the thermal core 110C. The thermal core 110C can quickly transfer heat to the purge Inside the valve body 11C. The third electric heating plate 2C and the third temperature sensor 3C are respectively connected to the fuel cell controller. The third temperature sensor 3C senses the temperature of the electromagnetic purge valve 1C. When the sensed temperature is lower than the set value, the fuel cell controls The controller controls the third electric heating plate 2C to work. When the sensed temperature is higher than the set value, the fuel cell controller controls the third electric heating plate 2C to stop working, and the control is quick and simple. A plurality of mounting lugs 113C are provided on the bottom edge of the purge valve body 11C, the mounting lugs 113C are provided with a first mounting hole 114C, and the first bottom plate 121C is provided with a corresponding first mounting hole 114C The second mounting hole 1211C, through the first mounting hole 114C and the second mounting hole 1211C, lock the purge valve body 11C and the first bottom plate 121C and fix the bottom electric heating plate 21C on the purge valve body 11C and the second mounting hole 1211C. Between a bottom plate 121C, to prevent the bottom electric heating plate from loosening, causing the electromagnetic purge valve 1C to fail to start cold, the structure is simple, and the installation is convenient. The side electric heating plate 22C installed on the side of the purge valve body 11C is fixed on the purge valve body 11C through the pressing plate 5C to prevent the side electric heating plate from loosening, causing the electromagnetic purge valve 1C to fail to start cold, and the structure is simple , Easy to install. The side surface of the first side plate 122C of the first support frame 12C is provided with an L-shaped bracket support 6C. The third temperature sensor 3C is installed on the pressure plate 5C.

As shown in FIG. 26, the cooling circuit system 10E includes a cooling circuit 100 and a supplementary circuit 200, wherein the cooling circuit 100 includes a cooling pipe 7D passing through the stack, a water pump 5D, a radiator 11D, a heater 4D, and a thermostatic three-way valve 6D, the first water inlet of the cooling pipe 7D is provided with a fourth temperature sensor 1D, the first water outlet of the cooling pipe 7D is provided with a fifth temperature sensor 2D, the fourth temperature sensor 1D and the fifth temperature sensor 2D will detect The coolant temperature data is sent to the fuel cell system controller, and the fuel cell system controller controls the thermostatic three-way valve 6D, the water pump 5D and the heater 4D to work. When the fuel cell of this embodiment is cold-started at a low temperature, the heater 4D is used to heat the coolant in the cooling circuit 100 to quickly heat the coolant, shorten the waiting time for cold start, and improve the working efficiency of the fuel cell.

The working temperature of the above-mentioned thermostatic three-way valve 6D is 55°C. The thermostatic three-way valve 6D is used to control the flow direction of the coolant in the cooling circuit 100. Since the optimal working temperature of the fuel cell is between 60°C and 70°C, the coolant temperature is low when the fuel cell starts to work and no heat is required. At this time, the coolant directly enters the thermostatic three-way valve 6D from the water pump 5D; when the coolant temperature rises to 55°C, the first inlet of the thermostatic three-way valve 6D is gradually opened and the second inlet is gradually closed, and the coolant gradually flows from the water pump 5D passes through the radiator 11D and then enters the thermostatic valve 6D. When the first inlet is fully opened, the coolant will all exchange heat with the outside through the radiator 11D, further improving the working efficiency of the fuel cell.

The aforementioned coolant replenishing circuit 200 includes a deionization filter 9D, an expansion water tank 10D, and a pressure sensor 3D. One end of the deionization filter 9D is connected to the first water inlet of the cooling pipe 7D, and the other end of the deionization filter 9D is connected to the expansion water tank. 10D connection, the other end of the expansion water tank 10D is connected to the second water inlet of the water pump 5D, and the pressure sensor 3D is located in the cooling circuit 100 and detects the coolant pressure of the cooling circuit 100. The expansion tank 10D is arranged at the highest point of the entire cooling system. The coolant replenishing circuit 200 can automatically balance the hydraulic pressure of the cooling circuit 100 and the replenishment of the coolant, and the deionizing filter 9D can filter ions in the coolant. The aforementioned pressure sensor 3D is located at the first water outlet of the cooling pipe 7D. The aforementioned heater 4D is powered by the power battery pack 8D. Optionally, the heater 4D can also be powered by an AC power supply or a DC power supply. The output power of the heater 4D can be set according to the temperature of the coolant to ensure the heating speed of the coolant. The cooling circuit system 10E works like this: when the fuel cell system controller receives the start command, the fourth temperature sensor 1D and the fifth temperature sensor 2D measure the coolant temperature to obtain the first temperature value T1. When the first temperature value T1 is less than When the temperature is equal to or equal to 2°C, the fuel cell system controller controls the heater 4D to turn on, and the coolant in the cooling circuit 100 rapidly heats up. At the same time, heat is transferred between the coolant and the stack to increase the temperature inside the stack and prevent protons from remaining The water on the exchange membrane freezes to protect the proton exchange membrane; when the coolant is heated to a temperature greater than 2°C, the heater 4D is turned off and the stack starts. When the first temperature value T1 is lower than the working temperature of the thermostatic three-way valve 6D, the normally open inlet opens, and the coolant directly enters the thermostatic three-way valve 6D from the water pump 5D. There is no heat exchange between the coolant and the outside, and the coolant continues to heat up; When the temperature value T1 rises to the working temperature of the thermostatic three-way valve 6D, the first inlet of the thermostatic three-way valve 6D is gradually opened and the second inlet is gradually closed. The coolant entering the radiator 11D gradually increases. When the first inlet is fully opened After that, all the coolant passes from the water pump 5D through the radiator 11D for heat dissipation and cooling, and then enters the thermostatic valve 6D.

As shown in Figure 28, the air path system 9E includes an electric drive compressor assembly, an air cooler, a filter, a silencer, and a humidifier. The electric drive compressor assembly includes a motor, a motor controller, a transmission, and The compressor is used to suck in air and compress the air; the air cooler is used to cool the compressed air; the humidifier is used to humidify the air cooled by the air cooler, and the humidified air is delivered to the fuel cell stack; the air cooler Connected between the exhaust port of the compressor and the humidifier; the intake port of the compressor is connected with an air filter for purifying the air, and the purified air enters the compressor. The air filter and the compressor A muffler is connected between the air inlets to eliminate the noise caused by the sharp flow of air. A sixth temperature sensor is installed at the output port of the compressor to detect the air temperature. The air compressor is controlled by the fuel cell controller. A sixth temperature sensor is installed at the outlet of the air circuit system. The sixth temperature sensor detects the increase in air temperature. And send the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. The fuel cell controller controls the air compressor according to the temperature signal. When the output air temperature is low, the fuel cell controller controls the air compressor to work to heat the air. When the preset temperature is reached, the stack is started.

Embodiment two:

A method for controlling a cold start of a fuel cell. The fuel cell adopts the fuel cell of the first embodiment. The fuel cell includes an electric stack, a fuel cell controller, a hydrogen circuit system, a cooling circuit system, and an air circuit system, and is characterized by: Install a temperature detection unit and an electric heating unit in the hydrogen circuit system and the cooling circuit system respectively. The temperature detection unit detects the temperature rise of the hydrogen circuit system and the cooling circuit system and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. When the temperature is too low, The fuel cell controller controls the electric heating unit installed on the hydrogen circuit system and the cooling circuit system to be energized and heated, until the temperature of the hydrogen circuit system and the cooling circuit system reaches a predetermined temperature before starting the fuel cell.

The hydrogen inlet manifold block, hydrogen return pump, and purge valve in the above-mentioned hydrogen circuit system are respectively equipped with a temperature detection unit and an electric heating unit. The fuel cell controller monitors the hydrogen inlet manifold block, hydrogen return pump, and purge valve. The temperature changes. When the temperature is too low, the fuel cell controller controls the electric heating unit installed on the hydrogen inlet manifold, the hydrogen return pump, and the purge valve to be energized and heated, and will not start the fuel cell until the predetermined temperature is reached.

The heating rate of the hydrogen circuit system, the cooling circuit system and the air circuit system are close to avoid the unequal heating time of each part and make the waiting time too long.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention are equivalent. The replacement methods of are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A fuel cell cold start system, including a stack, a fuel cell controller, a hydrogen circuit system, a cooling circuit system, and an air circuit system, characterized in that several temperature sensors and a number of temperature sensors are installed in the hydrogen circuit system and/or the cooling circuit system An electric heating unit, the temperature sensor detects the temperature rise of the hydrogen circuit system and/or cooling circuit system and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller, which controls the installation in the hydrogen circuit system and/or cooling circuit according to the temperature signal The electric heating unit on the system is switched on and off.
The fuel cell cold start system according to claim 1, wherein the components in the hydrogen circuit system include a hydrogen inlet manifold, a hydrogen return pump and a purge valve, and the plurality of temperature sensors include A first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a third temperature sensor, the electric heating unit includes a first electric heating plate, a second electric heating plate and a third electric heating plate, the first temperature sensor and the first electric heating plate are installed On the hydrogen inlet manifold block, the second temperature sensor and the second electric heating plate are installed on the hydrogen return pump, and the third temperature sensor and the third electric heating plate are installed on the purge valve.
A fuel cell cold start system according to claim 2, wherein the hydrogen intake manifold includes a manifold, a shut-off valve, a proportional regulating valve, a pressure sensor and a pressure relief valve; wherein the shut-off valve is used to control hydrogen On-off of the inlet; proportional regulating valve, used to control the pressure of the hydrogen circuit; pressure sensor, used to detect the pressure of the hydrogen circuit; pressure relief valve, used to protect the stack from high pressure damage; manifold integrated shut-off valve, proportional adjustment Valve, pressure sensor, and pressure relief valve are integrated; the first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature rise of the hydrogen inlet manifold and send the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. The fuel cell controller controls the installation in the hydrogen inlet according to the temperature signal. The first electric heating plate on the integrated manifold is switched on and off.
The fuel cell cold start system according to claim 3, characterized in that: multiple channels inside the manifold are connected to install a stop valve, a proportional regulating valve, a pressure sensor, and a pressure relief valve to switch on and off the hydrogen at the inlet end. , Regulation, pressure monitoring and safety protection, control the hydrogen entering the stack inlet; the bottom of the manifold is equipped with a first electric heating plate for low-temperature start heating, and a first temperature sensor is installed at the top to detect the temperature in real time.
A fuel cell cold start system according to claim 2, wherein the hydrogen return pump is connected to the hydrogen outlet end and the hydrogen inlet end of the stack to repressurize the unreacted hydrogen at the hydrogen outlet end Return to the hydrogen inlet end of the stack; a second electric heating plate is installed at the bottom of the hydrogen return pump to start heating at low temperature; a second temperature sensor is also installed at the bottom of the hydrogen return pump to detect the temperature of the hydrogen return pump in real time.
A fuel cell cold start system according to claim 2, characterized in that: a third electric heating plate is installed on both sides and bottom of the purge valve for low-temperature start heating; a third temperature sensor is installed on the side to detect the temperature of the purge valve in real time .
A fuel cell cold start system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, characterized in that: the cooling circuit system cools the stack temperature, and the cooling circuit system includes passing through the battery The cooling pipeline, water pump, radiator and thermostatic three-way valve of the reactor. The electric heating unit also includes an electric heater. The electric heater is installed on the cooling pipeline to heat the coolant. The first water outlet of the cooling pipeline and the first inlet of the cooling pipeline A coolant replenishing circuit is connected between the water outlets, the first water inlet of the cooling pipe is equipped with a fourth temperature sensor, and the first water outlet of the cooling pipe is equipped with a fifth temperature sensor. The fourth temperature sensor and the fifth temperature sensor are connected The detected coolant temperature data is sent to the fuel cell system controller, and the fuel cell system controller controls the thermostat three-way valve, water pump and electric heater.
The fuel cell cold start system according to claim 7, wherein the air path system includes an air compressor, and the air compressor includes a motor, a motor controller, a transmission, and a compressor for Inhale and compress air; air cooler, used to cool compressed air; air compressor is controlled by the fuel cell controller, install a sixth temperature sensor at the outlet end of the air circuit system, the sixth temperature sensor detects the air temperature rise The temperature signal is sent to the fuel cell controller, and the fuel cell controller controls the air compressor according to the temperature signal. When the output air temperature is low, the fuel cell controller controls the air compressor to work to heat the air.
A method for controlling a cold start of a fuel cell. The fuel cell includes an electric stack, a fuel cell controller, a hydrogen circuit system, a cooling circuit system and an air circuit system, and is characterized in that: the hydrogen circuit system and the cooling circuit system are respectively installed with temperature The detection unit and the electric heating unit. The temperature detection unit detects the temperature rise of the hydrogen circuit system and the cooling circuit system and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. When the temperature is too low, the fuel cell controller controls the installation in the hydrogen circuit system and The electric heating unit on the cooling circuit system is energized and heated until the temperature of the hydrogen circuit system and the cooling circuit system reaches a predetermined temperature before starting the fuel cell.
A fuel cell cold start control method, which is characterized in that: the hydrogen inlet manifold block, the hydrogen return pump, and the purge valve in the hydrogen circuit system are respectively equipped with a temperature detection unit and an electric heating unit, and the fuel cell controller monitors the hydrogen inlet integration The temperature of the manifold block, hydrogen return pump, and purge valve changes. When the temperature is too low, the fuel cell controller controls the electric heating unit installed on the hydrogen inlet manifold, hydrogen return pump, and purge valve to be energized and heated until it reaches Start the fuel cell after a predetermined temperature.
A fuel cell cold start control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: the air circuit system includes an air compressor, the air compressor is controlled by the fuel cell controller, and a second air circuit system is installed at the outlet end of the air circuit system. Six temperature sensors, the sixth temperature sensor detects the air temperature rise and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. The fuel cell controller controls the air compressor according to the temperature signal. When the output air temperature is low, the fuel cell controller controls The air compressor works to heat the air until the temperature of the air reaches a predetermined temperature before starting the fuel cell.
A fuel cell cold start control method according to claim 10, wherein the heating rate of the hydrogen circuit system, the cooling circuit system and the air circuit system are close.