CN110804451A - System and process for providing heat for dry distillation of oil shale by using solar energy - Google Patents
System and process for providing heat for dry distillation of oil shale by using solar energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN110804451A CN110804451A CN201911315816.2A CN201911315816A CN110804451A CN 110804451 A CN110804451 A CN 110804451A CN 201911315816 A CN201911315816 A CN 201911315816A CN 110804451 A CN110804451 A CN 110804451A
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 89
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003027 oil sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/06—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of oil shale and/or or bituminous rocks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of application of a solar heat collection technology to oil shale dry distillation, and particularly relates to a system and a process for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by using solar energy. The solar heat collection and storage system comprises a heliostat, a tower type solar receiver, a high-temperature heat storage device, a low-temperature heat storage device, a molten salt pump, a heat accumulator, a molten salt pipeline and a plurality of control valves; the circulating gas system comprises a heating furnace, a gas pipeline and a plurality of control valves; the intermediate heat exchange system comprises a tubular heat exchanger and a water spray cooling device. The solar heat collection and storage system transmits heat to the circulating gas system through the intermediate heat exchange system, cold circulating gas with the ambient temperature of 20-100 ℃ is heated to 600-700 ℃ to become hot circulating gas, and the hot circulating gas is sent to the retort furnace to heat and retort the oil shale. The system and the process can reduce the consumption of gas, save the cost and ensure that the whole oil shale dry distillation process is cleaner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of application of a solar heat collection technology to oil shale dry distillation, and particularly relates to a system and a process for heating circulating gas in an oil shale dry distillation process by using solar energy.
Background
The current energy structure situation of China is rich coal, poor oil and little gas, oil shale is used as unconventional oil gas resources, and the reserves are second to coal. Shale oil similar to crude oil and combustible gas can be obtained after the oil shale is subjected to dry distillation and can be used as supplement of conventional energy. The preparation of shale oil by the dry distillation of oil shale has very important strategic significance for changing the energy structure of China.
At present, the development and utilization of oil shale mainly adopt a process route which mainly adopts a retort furnace to perform retorting oil refining, and the process route mainly adopts a gas heat carrier. The carbonization technologies such as the smoothing furnace, the SJ square furnace, the famous square furnace and the like all have gasification sections, heat required by oil shale pyrolysis is provided through heat released by pyrolysis semicoke gasification, but the heat value of carbonization gas is reduced due to the existence of the gasification sections, so that the energy utilization value of the carbonization gas is reduced to some extent. The gas full-circulation technology for the large Jilin formation has the advantages that the gasification section is not arranged in the dry distillation furnace, the heat source is provided for the oil shale pyrolysis by the physical sensible heat of the circulating gas, the circulating gas is heated by the independently arranged heating furnace, the heating furnace needs to supplement an external heat source besides the combustible gas generated by combustion and dry distillation, and the operation cost is increased.
How to reduce the operation cost and pollutant discharge on the basis of not reducing the energy utilization value is a research hotspot of the development direction of the industry and the industry personnel. Solar energy is used as a clean new energy, and if the solar energy is used as a heat source, heat is provided for circulating gas in the oil shale dry distillation process, so that the temperature of the circulating gas reaches the optimal temperature for dry distillation of the oil shale, the operation cost of the dry distillation process is greatly reduced, the emission of fuel combustion pollutants is reduced, and the whole process is cleaner.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a process for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by utilizing solar energy, which couple a renewable solar heat collection and storage technology with an oil shale dry distillation technology to form a high-grade solar energy utilization system, so that kerogen in oil shale is decomposed to generate oil gas. The process can also provide heat for oil shale in-situ dry distillation, oil sand dry distillation, biomass liquefaction and the like. The system disclosed by the invention can reduce the consumption of gas, save the cost and ensure that the whole oil shale dry distillation process is cleaner.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a system for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by utilizing solar energy comprises a solar heat collection and storage system, a heat exchange system and a circulating gas system; the solar heat collection and storage system comprises a heliostat, a tower type solar receiver, a high-temperature heat storage device, a low-temperature heat storage device, a molten salt pump, a heat accumulator, a molten salt pipeline, a high-temperature molten salt control valve I, a control valve G, a control valve H and a low-temperature molten salt control valve J; the circulating gas system comprises a heating furnace, a gas pipeline, a control valve A, a control valve B, a control valve C, a control valve D, a control valve E and a control valve F; the intermediate heat exchange system comprises a tubular heat exchanger and a water spray cooling device; the solar heat collection and storage system transmits heat to the circulating gas system through the intermediate heat exchange system, cold circulating gas with the ambient temperature of 20-100 ℃ is heated to 600-700 ℃ to become hot circulating gas, and the hot circulating gas is sent to the retort furnace to heat and retort the oil shale; the solar heat collection and storage system and the circulating gas system are not in contact with each other.
When a solar heat collection and storage system can provide heat required by circulating gas, a heliostat reflects sunlight to the upper end of a tower frame, a solar receiver with a heat absorption pipe is distributed in the tower frame, a molten salt medium in the heat absorption pipe is heated to 800-900 ℃, the molten salt enters a high-temperature molten salt buffer tank for buffering, and a high-temperature molten salt control valve I is used for controlling the flow of the molten salt in a pipeline.
According to the process for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by utilizing solar energy, when the heat is excessive, a high-temperature molten salt control valve I, a control valve A, a control valve C, a control valve E, a control valve G, a control valve H and a low-temperature molten salt control valve J are opened, a control valve B, a control valve D and a control valve F are closed, one part of buffered high-temperature molten salt flows into a heat accumulator for heat storage, the other part of buffered high-temperature molten salt enters a tubular heat exchanger for heat exchange with cold circulating gas with the ambient temperature of 20-100 ℃, the circulating gas is heated to 600-700 ℃, and finally the circulating gas is sent into a dry distillation furnace through the control valve C and the control valve E to dry distill the oil shale; heat exchange is carried out, the low-temperature molten salt after heat storage flows into a low-temperature heat storage device for buffering through a low-temperature molten salt control valve J, and then the low-temperature molten salt is pumped to a receiver at the top of the tower through a molten salt pump to continuously absorb heat; the intermediate heat exchanger adopts a tubular heat exchanger, high-temperature molten salt flows into the tube of the heat exchanger, circulating gas is introduced outside the tube, and indirect heat exchange is carried out through the tube wall.
According to the process for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by utilizing solar energy, when heat is right, the high-temperature molten salt control valve I, the control valve A, the control valve C, the control valve E and the low-temperature molten salt control valve J are opened, the control valve G, the control valve H, the control valve B, the control valve D and the control valve F are closed, the buffered high-temperature molten salt does not flow through the heat accumulator and only flows into the heat exchanger, and the flow direction of the buffered high-temperature molten salt is the same as that of the molten salt flowing through the heat exchanger in claim 3.
When the solar heat collection and heat storage system is not enough to provide all heat required by circulating gas, the high-temperature molten salt control valve I, the control valve A, the control valve C, the control valve D, the control valve F and the low-temperature molten salt control valve J are opened, the control valve G, the control valve H, the control valve B and the control valve E are closed, the heliostat reflects sunlight to the solar receiver to heat internal molten salt to 200-800 ℃, then the internal molten salt is buffered by the high-temperature heat storage device, flows through the heat exchanger by the high-temperature molten salt control valve I to perform primary heat exchange with cold circulating gas with the ambient temperature of 20-100 ℃, the temperature of the circulating gas after the primary heat exchange is 100-600 ℃, and the low-temperature molten salt flows into the low-temperature heat storage device to be buffered by the low-temperature molten salt control valve J after the primary heat exchange, then pumping the molten salt to a receiver at the top of the tower through a molten salt pump, and continuously absorbing heat; and circulating gas after the primary heat exchange sequentially passes through a control valve C and a control valve D, enters a heating furnace for secondary heating, is heated to about 600-700 ℃, and is sent into a gas retort.
According to the process for providing heat for dry distillation of the oil shale by using the solar energy, when the solar heat collection and storage system cannot provide heat required by circulating gas, the circulating gas directly enters a heating furnace to be heated to 600-700 ℃, and finally is sent into the dry distillation furnace.
According to the process for providing heat for dry distillation of the oil shale by using the solar energy, when the process is at night and the solar heat collection and storage device stores heat, the control valve G, the control valve H, the control valve A, the control valve C, the control valve D and the control valve F are opened, the high-temperature molten salt control valve I, the low-temperature molten salt control valve J, the control valve B and the control valve E are closed, and the solar heat collection system is in a shutdown state; the heat released by the heat accumulator and cold circulating gas flowing through the control valve A and having the environmental temperature of 20-100 ℃ are subjected to primary heat exchange in the heat exchanger, the temperature of the circulating gas after the primary heat exchange is 100-300 ℃, the heated circulating gas sequentially passes through the control valve C and the control valve D, enters the heating furnace to be subjected to secondary heating, and is heated to 600-700 ℃ and then is sent into the gas retort.
The process for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by utilizing solar energy comprises the steps of arranging a water spraying cooling device in a heat exchanger, arranging a temperature detection device on a heating furnace, feeding back the temperature of gas at the outlet of the heating furnace to the water spraying cooling device by the temperature detection device, and when the temperature of outlet circulating gas exceeds 700 ℃, cooling the circulating gas by the water spraying cooling device by automatically adjusting the water spraying amount according to the temperature, so that the risk of pipe explosion is reduced.
The process for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by using solar energy comprises the steps that when the process is at night and the solar heat collection and storage device does not have heat or equipment is overhauled and maintained, the control valve B, the control valve D and the control valve F are opened, the high-temperature molten salt control valve I, the low-temperature molten salt control valve J, the control valve G, the control valve H, the control valve A, the control valve C and the control valve E are closed, cold circulation gas with the environment temperature of 20-100 ℃ directly enters a heating furnace through the control valve B and the control valve D to be heated, and the cold circulation gas is heated to 600-700 ℃ and then is sent into a dry distillation furnace.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the solar heating circulating gas is used for replacing or partially replacing combustion gas to heat the circulating gas, so that the using amount of the gas is greatly reduced, the operation cost of the whole process is reduced, and the whole dry distillation process is cleaner and more efficient;
(2) the solar heat collection and storage system, the heat exchange system and the circulating gas system are separated from each other and do not interfere with each other, so that direct contact between a heat transfer medium and gas circulating gas is avoided;
(3) the arrangement of the water spray cooling device can avoid the pipe explosion of the pipeline caused by overhigh temperature of the circulating gas, so that the system can stably and safely operate;
(4) when sunlight is insufficient, the heat storage device releases heat and the heating furnace heats to work simultaneously, so that constant output of heat is realized, and the defect that solar energy cannot work continuously is overcome.
The foregoing is a summary of the present application and thus contains, by necessity, simplifications, generalizations and omissions of detail; those skilled in the art will appreciate that the summary is illustrative of the application and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Other aspects, features and advantages of the devices and/or methods and/or other subject matter described in this specification will become apparent as the description proceeds. The summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Drawings
The above-described and other features of the present application will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that these drawings are solely for purposes of illustrating several embodiments of the present application and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the application, for which reference should be made to the appended drawings, wherein the disclosure is to be interpreted in a more complete and detailed manner.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for providing heat for oil shale retorting by using solar energy.
Description of reference numerals: the method comprises the following steps of 1-a solar receiver, 2-a high-temperature heat storage device, 3-a high-temperature molten salt control valve I, 4-a heat exchanger, 5-a water spray cooling device, 6-a control valve A, 7-a control valve B, 8-a control valve C, 9-a control valve D, 10-a control valve E, 11-a control valve F, 12-a heating furnace, 13-a control valve G, 14-a heat accumulator, 15-a control valve H, 16-a low-temperature molten salt control valve J, 17-a low-temperature heat storage device, 18-a molten salt pump and 19-a heliostat.
Detailed Description
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, the same/similar reference numerals generally refer to the same/similar parts unless otherwise specified in the specification. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims should not be considered limiting of the application. Other embodiments of, and changes to, the present application may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented in the present application. It should be readily understood that the aspects of the present application, as generally described in the specification and illustrated in the figures herein, could be arranged, substituted, combined, designed in a wide variety of different configurations, and that all such modifications are expressly contemplated and made part of this application.
Referring to fig. 1, a system for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by using solar energy comprises a solar heat collection and storage system, a heat exchange system and a circulating gas system; the solar heat collection and storage system comprises a heliostat 19, a tower-type solar receiver 1, a high-temperature heat storage device 2, a low-temperature heat storage device 17, a molten salt pump 18, a heat accumulator 14, a molten salt pipeline, a high-temperature molten salt control valve I3, a control valve G13, a control valve H15 and a low-temperature molten salt control valve J16; the circulating gas system comprises a heating furnace 12, a gas pipeline, a control valve A6, a control valve B7, a control valve C8, a control valve D9, a control valve E10 and a control valve F11; the intermediate heat exchange system comprises a tubular heat exchanger 4 and a water spray cooling device 5; the solar heat collection and storage system transmits heat to the circulating gas system through the intermediate heat exchange system, cold circulating gas with the ambient temperature of 20-100 ℃ is heated to 600-700 ℃ to become hot circulating gas, and the hot circulating gas is sent to the retort furnace to heat and retort the oil shale; the solar heat collection and storage system and the circulating gas system are not in contact with each other.
A process for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by utilizing solar energy can be divided into different process flows according to the solar energy, and the specific process flows are as follows:
(1) when the solar heat collection and storage system can provide heat required by circulating gas, the heliostat 19 reflects sunlight to the upper end of the tower frame, the solar receiver 1 is internally provided with a heat absorption pipe, molten salt media in the heat absorption pipe are heated to 800-900 ℃, the molten salt enters a high-temperature molten salt buffer tank for buffering, and the flow of the molten salt in the pipeline is controlled by a high-temperature molten salt control valve I3.
(2) When the heat is excessive, a high-temperature molten salt control valve I3, a control valve A6, a control valve C8, a control valve E10, a control valve G13, a control valve H15 and a low-temperature molten salt control valve J16 are opened, a control valve B7, a control valve D9 and a control valve F11 are closed, one part of the buffered high-temperature molten salt flows into a heat accumulator 14 for heat accumulation, the other part of the buffered high-temperature molten salt enters a tubular heat exchanger 4 for heat exchange with cold circulating gas at the ambient temperature of 20-100 ℃, the circulating gas is heated to 600-700 ℃, and finally the buffered high-temperature molten salt is sent into a dry distillation furnace through the control valve C8 and the control valve E10 for dry distillation of the oil; heat exchange is carried out, the low-temperature molten salt after heat storage flows into the low-temperature heat storage device 17 for buffering through a low-temperature molten salt control valve J16, and then is pumped to a receiver at the top of the tower through a molten salt pump 18 to continuously absorb heat; the intermediate heat exchanger 4 adopts a tubular heat exchanger, high-temperature molten salt flows into the inside of the heat exchanger 4, circulating gas is introduced outside the pipe, and indirect heat exchange is carried out through the pipe wall.
(3) When the heat is just right, the high-temperature molten salt control valve I3, the control valve A6, the control valve C8, the control valve E10 and the low-temperature molten salt control valve J16 are opened, the control valve G13, the control valve H15, the control valve B7, the control valve D9 and the control valve F11 are closed, the buffered high-temperature molten salt does not flow through the heat accumulator 14 and only flows into the heat exchanger 4, and then the flow direction of the buffered high-temperature molten salt is the same as the flow direction of the molten salt flowing through the heat exchanger 4 in claim 3.
(4) When the solar heat collection and storage system is not enough to provide all heat required by circulating gas, the high-temperature molten salt control valve I3, the control valve A6, the control valve C8, the control valve D9, the control valve F11 and the low-temperature molten salt control valve J16 are opened, the control valve G13, the control valve H15, the control valve B7 and the control valve E10 are closed, the heliostat 19 reflects sunlight to the solar receiver 1 to heat the internal molten salt to 200-800 ℃, then the internal molten salt is buffered by the high-temperature heat storage device 2, then flows through the heat exchanger 4 by the high-temperature molten salt control valve I3 to perform primary heat exchange with cold circulating gas with the ambient temperature of 20-100 ℃, the circulating gas after the primary heat exchange has the temperature of 100-600 ℃, the low-temperature molten salt flows into the low-temperature heat storage device 17 to be buffered by the low-temperature molten salt control valve J16 after the heat exchange, and, continuously absorbing heat; and circulating gas after the primary heat exchange sequentially passes through a control valve C8 and a control valve D9, enters the heating furnace 12 for secondary heating, is heated to about 600-700 ℃, and then is sent into the gas retort. Set up water spray heat sink in the heat exchanger, set up temperature-detecting device on the heating furnace, temperature-detecting device can feed back the gas temperature of heating furnace export and give water spray heat sink, works as when the temperature of export circulation gas surpassed 700 ℃, water spray heat sink cools down circulation gas according to the temperature size automatic adjustment water spray volume, reduces the pipe explosion risk.
(5) When the solar heat collection and storage system cannot provide heat required by the circulating gas, the circulating gas directly enters the heating furnace 12 to be heated to 600-700 ℃, and finally is sent to the gas retort.
(6) When the solar heat collection and storage device 14 stores heat at night, the control valve G13, the control valve H15, the control valve A6, the control valve C8, the control valve D9 and the control valve F11 are opened, the high-temperature molten salt control valve I3, the low-temperature molten salt control valve J16, the control valve B7 and the control valve E10 are closed, and the solar heat collection system is in a shutdown state; the heat released by the heat accumulator 14 and cold circulating gas flowing through a control valve A6 and having an ambient temperature of 20-100 ℃ perform primary heat exchange in a heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the circulating gas after the primary heat exchange is 100-300 ℃, the heated circulating gas sequentially passes through a control valve C8 and a control valve D9, enters a heating furnace 12 for secondary heating, and is fed into a retort furnace after being heated to 600-700 ℃. Set up water spray heat sink in the heat exchanger, set up temperature-detecting device on the heating furnace, temperature-detecting device can feed back the gas temperature of heating furnace export and give water spray heat sink, works as when the temperature of export circulation gas surpassed 700 ℃, water spray heat sink cools down circulation gas according to the temperature size automatic adjustment water spray volume, reduces the pipe explosion risk.
(7) When the solar heat collection and storage device 14 is at night and has no heat or equipment is overhauled and maintained, the control valve B7, the control valve D9 and the control valve F11 are opened, the high-temperature molten salt control valve I3, the low-temperature molten salt control valve J16, the control valve G13, the control valve H15, the control valve A6, the control valve C8 and the control valve E10 are closed, cold circulating gas with the environment temperature of 20-100 ℃ directly enters the heating furnace 12 through the control valve B7 and the control valve D9 to be heated, and the cold circulating gas is fed into the dry distillation furnace after being heated to 600-700 ℃.
In conclusion, the solar heating circulating gas is used for replacing or partially replacing the combustion gas to heat the circulating gas, so that the using amount of the gas is greatly reduced, the operation cost of the whole process is reduced, and the whole dry distillation process is cleaner and more efficient; the solar heat collection and storage system, the heat exchange system and the circulating gas system are separated from each other and do not interfere with each other, so that direct contact between a heat transfer medium and gas circulating gas is avoided; the arrangement of the water spray cooling device can avoid the pipe explosion of the pipeline caused by overhigh temperature of the circulating gas, so that the system can stably and safely operate; when sunlight is insufficient, the heat storage device releases heat and the heating furnace heats to work simultaneously, so that constant output of heat is realized, and the defect that solar energy cannot work continuously is overcome. The system and the process for providing heat for dry distillation of the oil shale by using solar energy provided by the invention fully utilize clean solar energy, form an innovative energy-saving and efficient new process by combining the existing process, and provide a brand new thought for the development of the field.
The foregoing has been a detailed description of various embodiments of the apparatus and/or methods of the present application via block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples of implementations. When the block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or embodiments include one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood by those within the art that each function and/or operation within the block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or embodiments can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common within the art to describe devices and/or methods in the manner described in this specification and then to perform engineering practices to integrate the described devices and/or methods into a data processing system. That is, at least a portion of the devices and/or methods described herein may be integrated into a data processing system through a reasonable amount of experimentation. With respect to substantially any plural and/or singular terms used in this specification, those skilled in the art may interpret the plural as singular and/or the singular as plural as appropriate from a context and/or application. Various singular/plural combinations may be explicitly stated in this specification for the sake of clarity.
Various aspects and embodiments of the present application are disclosed herein, and other aspects and embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed in this application are presented by way of example only, and not by way of limitation, and the true scope and spirit of the application is to be determined by the following claims.
Claims (9)
1. A system for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by utilizing solar energy is characterized by comprising a solar heat collection and storage system, a heat exchange system and a circulating gas system; the solar heat collection and storage system comprises a heliostat, a tower type solar receiver, a high-temperature heat storage device, a low-temperature heat storage device, a molten salt pump, a heat accumulator, a molten salt pipeline, a high-temperature molten salt control valve I, a control valve G, a control valve H and a low-temperature molten salt control valve J; the circulating gas system comprises a heating furnace, a gas pipeline, a control valve A, a control valve B, a control valve C, a control valve D, a control valve E and a control valve F; the intermediate heat exchange system comprises a tubular heat exchanger and a water spray cooling device; the solar heat collection and storage system transmits heat to the circulating gas system through the intermediate heat exchange system, cold circulating gas with the ambient temperature of 20-100 ℃ is heated to 600-700 ℃ to become hot circulating gas, and the hot circulating gas is sent to the retort furnace to heat and retort the oil shale; the solar heat collection and storage system and the circulating gas system are not in contact with each other.
2. A process for providing heat for dry distillation of oil shale by using solar energy is characterized in that when a solar heat collection and storage system can provide heat required by circulating gas, a heliostat reflects sunlight to the upper end of a tower frame, a solar receiver with heat absorption pipes is arranged in the heliostat, a molten salt medium in the heat absorption pipes is heated to 800-900 ℃, the molten salt enters a high-temperature molten salt buffer tank for buffering, and a high-temperature molten salt control valve I is used for controlling the flow of the molten salt in a pipeline.
3. The process for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by using solar energy as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the heat is excessive, the high-temperature molten salt control valve I, the control valve A, the control valve C, the control valve E, the control valve G, the control valve H and the low-temperature molten salt control valve J are opened, the control valve B, the control valve D and the control valve F are closed, one part of the buffered high-temperature molten salt flows into the heat accumulator for heat storage, the other part of the buffered high-temperature molten salt enters the tubular heat exchanger for heat exchange with cold circulating gas with the ambient temperature of 20-100 ℃, the circulating gas is heated to 600-700 ℃, and finally the circulating gas is fed into the dry distillation furnace through the control valve C and the control valve E for dry distillation of the oil shale; heat exchange is carried out, the low-temperature molten salt after heat storage flows into a low-temperature heat storage device for buffering through a low-temperature molten salt control valve J, and then the low-temperature molten salt is pumped to a receiver at the top of the tower through a molten salt pump to continuously absorb heat; the intermediate heat exchanger adopts a tubular heat exchanger, high-temperature molten salt flows into the tube of the heat exchanger, circulating gas is introduced outside the tube, and indirect heat exchange is carried out through the tube wall.
4. The process for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by using solar energy as claimed in claim 2, wherein when heat is just generated, the high-temperature molten salt control valve I, the control valve A, the control valve C, the control valve E and the low-temperature molten salt control valve J are opened, the control valve G, the control valve H, the control valve B, the control valve D and the control valve F are closed, the buffered high-temperature molten salt only flows into the heat exchanger without flowing through the heat accumulator, and then the flow direction of the buffered high-temperature molten salt is the same as that of the molten salt flowing through the heat exchanger as claimed in claim 3.
5. The process for providing heat for dry distillation of oil shale by using solar energy as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the solar heat collection and storage system is not enough to provide all the heat required by the circulating gas, the high-temperature molten salt control valve I, the control valve A, the control valve C, the control valve D, the control valve F and the low-temperature molten salt control valve J are opened, the control valve G, the control valve H, the control valve B and the control valve E are closed, the heliostat reflects sunlight to the solar receiver to heat the internal molten salt to 200-800 ℃, then the internal molten salt is buffered by the high-temperature heat storage device, then the internal molten salt flows through the heat exchanger by the high-temperature molten salt control valve I to perform primary heat exchange with cold circulating gas with the ambient temperature of 20-100 ℃, the circulating gas after the primary heat exchange has the temperature of 100-600 ℃, and the low-temperature molten salt flows into the low-temperature molten salt heat storage, then pumping the molten salt to a receiver at the top of the tower through a molten salt pump, and continuously absorbing heat; and circulating gas after the primary heat exchange sequentially passes through a control valve C and a control valve D, enters a heating furnace for secondary heating, is heated to about 600-700 ℃, and is sent into a gas retort.
6. The process for providing heat for oil shale retorting by using solar energy as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the solar heat collection and storage system cannot provide heat required by circulating gas, the circulating gas directly enters the heating furnace to be heated to 600-700 ℃, and is finally sent to the retort furnace.
7. The process for providing heat for dry distillation of oil shale by using solar energy as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the process is at night and the solar heat collection and storage device stores heat, the control valve G, the control valve H, the control valve A, the control valve C, the control valve D and the control valve F are opened, the high-temperature molten salt control valve I, the low-temperature molten salt control valve J, the control valve B and the control valve E are closed, and the solar heat collection system is in a shutdown state; the heat released by the heat accumulator and cold circulating gas flowing through the control valve A and having the environmental temperature of 20-100 ℃ are subjected to primary heat exchange in the heat exchanger, the temperature of the circulating gas after the primary heat exchange is 100-300 ℃, the heated circulating gas sequentially passes through the control valve C and the control valve D, enters the heating furnace to be subjected to secondary heating, and is heated to 600-700 ℃ and then is sent into the gas retort.
8. The process for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by using solar energy as claimed in claim 5 or 7, wherein a water spray cooling device is arranged in the heat exchanger, a temperature detection device is arranged on the heating furnace, when the circulating gas needs two-stage heating, the temperature detection device can feed back the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the heating furnace to the water spray cooling device, and when the temperature of the circulating gas at the outlet exceeds 700 ℃, the water spray cooling device automatically adjusts the water spray amount according to the temperature to cool the circulating gas, thereby reducing the risk of pipe explosion.
9. The process for providing heat for oil shale dry distillation by using solar energy as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the solar heat collection and storage device does not have heat at night or equipment is overhauled and maintained, the control valve B, the control valve D and the control valve F are opened, the high-temperature molten salt control valve I, the low-temperature molten salt control valve J, the control valve G, the control valve H, the control valve A, the control valve C and the control valve E are closed, cold circulation gas with the environmental temperature of 20-100 ℃ directly enters the heating furnace through the control valve B and the control valve D to be heated, and is sent into the dry distillation furnace after being heated to 600-700 ℃.
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