CN111678264B - Tower-type solar-assisted calcium-based absorbent desulfurization and decarbonization system - Google Patents
Tower-type solar-assisted calcium-based absorbent desulfurization and decarbonization system Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
- F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
- F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
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- B01D2251/00—Reactants
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- B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
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Abstract
The utility model provides a supplementary calcium base absorbent desulfurization decarbonization system of tower solar energy, includes boiler system and flue gas desulfurization decarbonization system, flue gas desulfurization decarbonization system includes calcining furnace, vulcanizer, cyclone, carbide furnace, air heater and chimney, still includes collecting system and circulation system, collecting system includes heat absorption tower, heliostat field and heat absorber, the heliostat field is arranged around the heat absorption tower of tower solar energy, the heliostat field comprises a plurality of heliostats, and every heliostat is invariably towards same target point reflection with solar radiation by the mechanical drive mode, and the gathering is in the heat absorption tower top the heat absorber, the circulation system includes cold molten salt storage jar, hot molten salt storage jar and fused salt/air heat exchanger, utilizes tower solar energy collection system can provide the high temperature reaction heat of energy level butt joint for the calcining furnace, thereby saving the fuel consumption in the desulfurization and decarburization processes; the cascade utilization of various energies is realized by carrying out integrated optimization on the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a multi-energy comprehensive utilization system of new energy and fire coal, in particular to a tower type solar-assisted calcium-based absorbent desulfurization and decarburization system.
Background
China is a large country for coal production and consumption, in 2019, the consumption of coal in China is as high as 28.04 hundred million tons of standard coal, and more than half of coal is used for power generation and heat supply; the installed capacity and the generated energy of the coal-electricity unit respectively account for 59.2 percent and 69.6 percent, and the coal-electricity unit can keep absolute main status for a long time. Therefore, as a main source for the emission of pollutants and greenhouse gases in China, the energy conservation and emission reduction of the coal-electric machine set have great significance for the clean utilization and sustainable development of energy in China. Most of the coal-electricity generating units in active service in China have the characteristics of high parameters and large capacity, the generating efficiency of the coal-electricity generating units is close to or reaches the international advanced level, and the effect of continuously improving the parameters of the coal-electricity generating units is very little. Therefore, when the coal electric machine set meets the bottleneck of energy conservation and consumption reduction through an internal way, it is particularly important to seek renewable resources and other external ways to improve the energy conversion efficiency, and the solar photo-thermal resources with large reserves and wide distribution are one of ideal 'external' resources of the coal electric machine set.
The solar photo-thermal and coal-electric unit has coupling foundation and advantages in multiple aspects. Firstly, both the solar energy and the solar energy are based on Rankine cycle, and the solar energy can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency by means of thermal conversion equipment with higher efficiency of a coal-electricity unit; secondly, the solar energy can realize stable conversion and stable output of energy by virtue of the peak regulation capacity of the coal-electric machine set, and the defects of intermittence and instability of solar energy irradiation are overcome; thirdly, the coal-rich area and the solar energy resource-rich area in China have a plurality of intersections, and have geographical advantages.
On the other hand, the emission reduction of pollutants and greenhouse gases of the coal-electric machine set is also an important development direction for clean and efficient utilization of coal. The calcium circulation desulfurization and decarburization technology using CaO as the main component of the absorbent has attracted great attention in the industry. Firstly, the calcium-based absorbent has the capabilities of desulfurization and decarburization, and provides possibility for the synergistic removal of a plurality of gases; secondly, the calcium circulation desulfurization and decarburization does not use a steam turbine to extract steam to provide energy, so that the power generation coal consumption on the steam-water side of the system is further reduced; meanwhile, the calcium-based absorbent has relatively low cost and high removal efficiency, and the desulfurization and decarburization costs are further reduced. Therefore, the calcium circulation synergistic desulfurization and decarburization has the potential of large-scale application in the aspects of deep emission reduction and consumption reduction of the coal-electric machine set.
However, in the invention patent with patent number CN201610028494.3 entitled coal-fired power generation system deeply integrated with calcium-based absorbent sequential desulfurization and decarburization system, the calcium-based absorbent is used in cooperation with desulfurization and decarburization processes and the regeneration process of the calciner still needs to consume fuels such as natural gas and coal dust and generate additional greenhouse gases, and the system needs to be integrated and optimized in order to realize the cascade utilization of energy.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a tower type solar-assisted calcium-based absorbent desulfurization and decarburization system, so as to solve the practical problems in the background technology.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a supplementary calcium base absorbent desulfurization decarbonization system of tower solar energy, includes boiler system and flue gas desulfurization decarbonization system, flue gas desulfurization decarbonization system includes calcining furnace, vulcanizer, cyclone, carbide furnace, air heater and chimney, still includes collecting system and circulation system, collecting system includes heat absorption tower, heliostat field and heat absorber, the heliostat field is arranged around the heat absorption tower of tower solar energy, the heliostat field comprises a plurality of heliostats, and every heliostat is invariably towards same target point reflection with solar radiation by the mechanical drive mode to the gathering is in the heat absorption tower top the heat absorber, the circulation system includes cold molten salt storage jar, hot molten salt storage jar and molten salt air heat exchanger, the storage has low temperature molten salt in the cold molten salt storage jar, the low temperature stream is flowed through and is heated behind the heat absorber, and then flows into the hot molten salt storage tank, the high-temperature molten salt in the hot molten salt storage tank flows through the molten salt/air heat exchanger, the temperature is reduced after the cold air is heated, the cold molten salt is stored in the cold molten salt storage tank, and the hot air heated by the molten salt/air heat exchanger is sequentially connected with a calcining furnace and a boiler system through pipelines.
Furthermore, the calcining furnace is also connected with a feed water heater for capturing the generated high-concentration CO2。
Further, boiler system includes the boiler, be equipped with screen superheater, low temperature re-heater, high temperature over heater, high temperature re-heater, low temperature over heater, SCR denitrification facility, economizer in the flue gas passageway in the boiler in proper order, boiler flue gas outlet end still is equipped with the electrostatic precipitator, the electrostatic precipitator pass through the pipeline with the vulcanizing boiler is connected, the vulcanizing boiler pass through the pipeline with the carbonization stove is connected.
Furthermore, the boiler is also connected with a steam drum, external water enters the steam drum after being heated by the economizer, a liquid part in the steam drum enters a water cooling wall to be heated and then returns to the steam drum, a gas part in the steam drum successively enters the low-temperature superheater, the screen superheater and the high-temperature superheater to be heated, and generated high-temperature high-pressure steam enters a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine.
Furthermore, cooling devices are arranged in the vulcanizing furnace and the carbonization furnace, and steam exhausted by a high-pressure cylinder sequentially passes through the cooling devices of the vulcanizing furnace and the carbonization furnace and then enters the low-temperature reheater and the high-temperature reheater in the boiler to be heated and then enters a steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention designs a tower type solar auxiliary calcium-based absorbent desulfurization and decarburization system, which can provide energy-level opposite high-temperature reaction heat for a calciner by utilizing a tower type solar heat collection system, thereby saving the fuel consumption in the desulfurization and decarburization process; the cascade utilization of various energies is realized by carrying out integrated optimization on the system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an integrated diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of steam-water and flue gas of a boiler of the coal-fired unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the calcium cycle synergistic desulfurization and decarburization in the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
the system comprises a heat absorption tower 1, a heliostat field 2, a heat absorber 3, a cold molten salt storage tank 4, a hot molten salt storage tank 5, a molten salt/air heat exchanger 6, a calcining furnace 7, a vulcanizing furnace 8, a cyclone separator 9, a carbonization furnace 10, an air preheater 11, a chimney 12, a feed water heater 13, a boiler 14 and an electric dust remover 15.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The tower type solar energy assisted calcium-based absorbent desulfurization and decarburization system disclosed by the invention is shown in figure 1, and the integration of the tower type solar energy heat collection system and the calcium-based absorbent coordinated desulfurization and decarburization system mainly completes the conversion of solar energy into heat energy and heats air, so that energy is provided for the operation of the calcium-based absorbent coordinated desulfurization and decarburization system. The tower type solar heat collecting system mainly comprises a boiler system, a flue gas desulfurization and decarburization system, a heat collecting system and a circulating system.
The heat collection system consists of a heat absorption tower 1, a heliostat field 2 and a heat absorber 3 and is used for converting solar energy into heat energy. The heliostat field 2 is arranged around the heat absorption tower 1 of the tower type solar energy, and is composed of a plurality of heliostats, each heliostat reflects solar radiation towards one direction constantly in a mechanical driving mode, and the solar radiation is gathered on a heat absorber 3 at the top of the heat absorption tower 1.
The circulation system is composed of a cold molten salt storage tank 4, a hot molten salt storage tank 5, and a molten salt/air heat exchanger 6 for heating air. The cold molten salt storage tank 4 stores therein low-temperature molten salt, which is heated after flowing through the heat absorber 3 and then flows into the hot molten salt storage tank 5, and the high-temperature molten salt in the hot molten salt storage tank 5 flows through the molten salt/air heat exchanger 6, and the temperature is reduced after heating the cold air and is stored in the cold molten salt storage tank 4.
The heated air is integrated in a calcining furnace 7 in the calcium-based absorbent synergistic desulfurization and decarburization system to provide reaction heat for the calcium-based absorbent synergistic desulfurization and decarburization system.
In a coal-fired unit, a boiler 14 is used to convert chemical energy in fuel into heat energy, thereby generating high-temperature and high-pressure steam, and the flow of flue gas and steam water is shown in fig. 2.
The flue gas flow can be described as follows: the buggy burns in furnace and produces a large amount of heats, and partly heat is absorbed by the water work medium in the water-cooling wall through the radiation heat transfer, and another part heat is along with the flow of flue gas, is cooled off the back and gets electric dust remover by heat exchangers such as screen superheater, low temperature reheater, high temperature superheater, high temperature reheater, low temperature superheater, SCR denitrification facility, economizer, air heater respectively, and the flue gas through denitration and dust removal just can carry out subsequent desulfurization and decarbonization link.
The steam-water flow is divided into a superheated steam flow and a reheated steam flow. The superheated steam flow is described as follows: feed water preheated by a coal-fired unit regenerative system enters a steam drum after being heated by an economizer, a liquid part in the steam drum enters a water-cooled wall to be heated and then returns to the steam drum, a gas part in the steam drum sequentially enters a low-temperature superheater, a screen superheater and a high-temperature superheater to be heated, and generated high-temperature high-pressure steam enters a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder to do work. The reheat steam flow scheme is described as follows: the high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam preheated by the cooling device of the vulcanizing furnace 8 is heated by the low-temperature reheater and the high-temperature reheater of the boiler and then enters the intermediate pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to do work.
The integration of a calcium-based absorbent synergistic desulfurization and decarbonization system and a coal-fired unit mainly relates to SO in flue gas2And CO2The removal of the waste heat and the full utilization of the waste heat in the reaction process.
The calcium-based absorbent synergetic desulfurization and decarburization system mainly relates to a desulfurization process and CaO/CaSO4The principle of the mixture separation process, the decarburization process and the calcium-based absorbent regeneration process is shown in fig. 3.
The desulfurization process takes place in the vulcanization furnace 8, the reaction temperature required being 850-. The denitrated and dedusted flue gas enters a vulcanizing furnace 8, and SO in the flue gas is generated at the reaction temperature2Is absorbed by CaO to generate CaSO3While CaSO3Further oxidized by oxygen to generate CaSO4And release a large amount of reaction heat, the total chemical reaction is like chemistry
Shown in formula 1.
CaO/CaSO produced by sulfidation4The mixture enters a cyclone separator 9, and the desulfurized flue gas enters a carbonization furnace 10.
The separation of the CaO/CaSO4 mixture takes place in the cyclone 9, since CaO and CaSO4Different density, CaSO4The density is larger, the CaO is separated and recycled, and the residual CaO enters the carbonization furnace 10.
The decarbonization process is carried out in a carbonization furnace 10, the reaction temperature is 650-700 ℃, and CO in the desulfurization flue gas2Absorbed by CaO to form CaCO3And releases the heat of reaction, and the carbonization reaction involved is shown in chemical formula 2. The treated flue gas is subjected to processes of denitration, dust removal, desulfurization, decarburization and the like, waste heat carried by the flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney 12 after passing through an air preheater 11, the air preheater 11 is used for waste heat cold air, and the heated cold air enters a boiler hearth to improve the combustion temperature of the boiler. CaCO formed by carbonization3And enters a calcining furnace 7.
The vulcanization reaction and the carbonization reaction both generate a large amount of reaction heat, the vulcanization furnace 8 and the carbonization furnace 10 are both provided with cooling devices, and the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder enters the reheating steam flow of the boiler after sequentially passing through the vulcanization furnace 8 and the carbonization furnace 10.
The regeneration process of the calcium-based absorbent takes place in the calcining furnace 7, the reaction temperature is 900-3Decomposition into CaO and CO in high-temperature environment2As shown in chemical formula 3. The reaction is endothermic and needs external heat supply, and the invention utilizes high-temperature air generated by the tower type solar heat collecting system as the heat sourceCaCO in calciner3The decomposition reaction provides the required energy, and the cooled medium-temperature air enters a boiler hearth and is used for increasing the combustion temperature of the pulverized coal. High concentration of CO produced2The CaO is cooled and collected by the feed water heater 13, and the generated CaO enters the vulcanizing furnace 8 again, thereby completing the substance circulation of CaO.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily defined to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any one implementation. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a tower solar energy assists calcium-based absorbent desulfurization decarbonization system, includes boiler system and flue gas desulfurization decarbonization system, flue gas desulfurization decarbonization system includes calciner (7), vulcanizer (8), cyclone (9), carbide furnace (10), air heater (11) and chimney (12), its characterized in that: further comprising a heat collection system and a circulation system, wherein the heat collection system comprises a heat absorption tower (1), a heliostat field (2) and a heat absorber (3), the heliostat field (2) is arranged around the heat absorption tower (1) of the tower type solar energy, the heliostat field (2) is composed of a plurality of heliostats, each heliostat reflects solar radiation towards the same target point constantly by a mechanical driving mode and gathers the solar radiation at the heat absorber (3) at the top of the heat absorption tower (1), the circulation system comprises a cold molten salt storage tank (4), a hot molten salt storage tank (5) and a molten salt/air heat exchanger (6), low-temperature molten salt is stored in the cold molten salt storage tank (4), the low-temperature molten salt is heated after flowing through the heat absorber (3) and then flows into the hot molten salt storage tank (5), high-temperature molten salt in the hot molten salt storage tank (5) flows through the molten salt/air heat exchanger (6), the temperature is reduced after the cold air is heated, the cold molten salt storage tank (4) is stored, the hot air heated by the molten salt/air heat exchanger (6) is sequentially connected with the calcining furnace (7) and the boiler system through pipelines, the boiler system comprises a boiler (14), a screen superheater, a low-temperature reheater, a high-temperature superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a low-temperature superheater, an SCR denitration device and an economizer are sequentially arranged in a flue gas channel in the boiler (14), an electric dust remover (15) is further arranged at the flue gas outlet end of the boiler (14), the electric dust remover (15) is connected with the vulcanizing furnace (8) through a pipeline, and the vulcanizing furnace (8) is connected with the carbonization furnace (10) through a pipeline.
2. The tower-type solar-assisted calcium-based absorbent desulfurization and decarburization system as recited in claim 1, wherein: the calcining furnace (7) is also connected with a water supply heater (13) for capturing the generated high-concentration CO2。
3. The tower-type solar-assisted calcium-based absorbent desulfurization and decarburization system as recited in claim 1, wherein: the boiler (14) is further connected with a steam drum, external water is heated by the economizer and then enters the steam drum, a liquid part in the steam drum enters a water cooling wall to be heated and then returns to the steam drum, a gas part in the steam drum successively enters the low-temperature superheater, the screen type superheater and the high-temperature superheater to be heated, and generated high-temperature high-pressure steam enters a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine.
4. The tower-type solar-assisted calcium-based absorbent desulfurization and decarburization system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: vulcanization stove (8) with all set up cooling device in carbide furnace (10), wherein high-pressure cylinder steam extraction is successively passed through vulcanization stove (8) with behind the cooling device of carbide furnace (10), successively get into in the boiler low temperature re-heater with get into the steam turbine intermediate pressure jar after the high temperature re-heater heating.
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| CN114288852A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-04-08 | 西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司 | Wide-load coal-fired boiler denitration system and working method thereof |
| CN114570198A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-06-03 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | System and method for realizing wide-load denitration of boiler by utilizing solar energy |
| CN114991885B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-12-08 | 南京师范大学 | Solar energy coupling NaOH/Ca (OH) 2 Dual-cycle air carbon capture system and method |
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