CN110072960B - 粘接剂、使用粘接剂的层叠体、电池外包装材料、以及电池壳体和其制造方法 - Google Patents
粘接剂、使用粘接剂的层叠体、电池外包装材料、以及电池壳体和其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110072960B CN110072960B CN201780077067.7A CN201780077067A CN110072960B CN 110072960 B CN110072960 B CN 110072960B CN 201780077067 A CN201780077067 A CN 201780077067A CN 110072960 B CN110072960 B CN 110072960B
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- Prior art keywords
- polyisocyanate
- adhesive
- polymer
- polyolefin resin
- resin film
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 polymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
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- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FHRAKXJVEOBCBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-ethylhexanoate;manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O FHRAKXJVEOBCBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum iron Chemical compound [Al].[Fe] CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNTDZUDTQCZFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc 2,2-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound [Zn++].CCCCCCC(C)(C)C([O-])=O.CCCCCCC(C)(C)C([O-])=O VNTDZUDTQCZFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IFNXAMCERSVZCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O IFNXAMCERSVZCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明要提供作为金属箔和树脂膜的层压用粘接剂,能够稳定发挥良好的粘接性,并且能够得到耐电解液性和耐热性更优异的层叠体的粘接剂。本发明提供了一种粘接剂,含有具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)和多异氰酸酯化合物(B),所述多异氰酸酯化合物(B)含有饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B1)、饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B2)和芳香族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B3)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可以很好地用于锂离子电池等二次电池的外包装材料的、金属箔与树脂膜的层压用粘接剂、使用该粘接剂的层叠体、电池外包装材料、以及电池壳体和其制造方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池,由于是高能量密度、体积小且重量轻的二次电池,所以被广泛用于笔记本电脑、智能手机、平板电脑终端等可移动电子设备、电动汽车等的电源等。
锂离子电池,为了防止电解液的泄露和水分侵入电池内部,而在电池壳体中使用对电池材料的电解质、隔板等的密封性高的外包装材料。
作为所述外包装材料,通常使用由耐热性树脂膜形成的外层、铝箔等的具有水蒸气阻挡性的中间层和由具有耐电解液性的聚烯烃树脂膜等形成的内层依次层叠而成的层叠体。在这样的层叠体中,为了制成密封性高的外包装材料而追求使用具有高粘接强度的粘接剂,将各层粘接并一体化。
关于前述那样的粘接剂,在例如专利文献1和2中记载了,介由含有将聚丙烯等用不饱和羧酸或其酸酐接枝改性而成的、具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂、和异氰酸酯化合物的粘接剂层粘接而成的电池壳体用包装材料。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2010-92703号公报
专利文献2:国际公开第2013/114934号
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
但是,前述专利文献1和2所述的粘接剂层中使用的改性聚烯烃树脂,在粘接剂的涂布和熟化之际,容易因为湿度、层叠体的各层的厚度等因素而受到粘接剂的含水分量变动的影响。此外,在所述专利文献1和2中记载的粘接剂,作为异氰酸酯化合物仅是具体地公开了使用1,6-己二异氰酸酯或其聚合物这1种。这样的粘接剂,难以得到稳定的粘接性,未必能说层叠体的耐电解液性和耐热性是充分的。
因此,对于电池外包装材料中使用的粘接剂,要求能够发挥良好的粘接性,并且、能够得到耐电解液性和耐热性更优异的层叠体。
本发明为了解决前述课题而完成,其目的提供,作为金属箔和树脂膜的层压用粘接剂稳定发挥良好的粘接性,并且能够得到耐电解液性和耐热性更优异的层叠体的粘接剂。
此外,本发明的目的是提供耐电解液性和耐热性优异的层叠体、电池外包装材料、以及电池壳体和其制造方法。
解决课题的手段
本发明关注于含有聚烯烃树脂和异氰酸酯化合物的粘接剂中的异氰酸酯化合物的种类,发现通过使用特定的多种异氰酸酯化合物,在将金属箔和树脂膜层压时能够得到良好的粘接性、提高层叠体的耐电解液性和耐热性,基于此而完成。
即、本发明提高了以下的技术方案[1]~[16]。
[1].一种粘接剂,是金属箔和树脂膜的层压用粘接剂,含有具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)和多异氰酸酯化合物(B),
所述多异氰酸酯化合物(B)含有饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B1)、饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B2)和芳香族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B3)。
[2].如上述[1]所述的粘接剂,所述饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B1)含有选自饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的脲基甲酸酯化多聚体、和饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯体中的1种以上。
[3].如上述[1]或[2]所述的粘接剂,所述饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B2)含有选自饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的脲基甲酸酯化多聚体、和饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯体中的1种以上。
[4].如上述[1]~[3]的任一项所述的粘接剂,所述芳香族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B3)含有选自芳香族多异氰酸酯的脲基甲酸酯化多聚体、芳香族多异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯体、和多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯中的1种以上。
[5].如上述[1]~[4]的任一项所述的粘接剂,所述饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B1)、所述饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B2)和所述芳香族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B3)的各自异氰酸酯基的摩尔比为3~20:1~6:1。
[6].如上述[1]~[5]的任一项所述的粘接剂,所述聚烯烃树脂(A)含有选自丙烯、乙烯和丁烯中的1种以上的单体单元。
[7].如上述[1]~[6]的任一项所述的粘接剂,所述聚烯烃树脂(A)含有被选自烯属不饱和羧酸或其酸酐中的1种以上改性而成的聚烯烃树脂。
[8].如上述[1]~[7]的任一项所述的粘接剂,所述聚烯烃树脂(A)依照JIS K7210-1:2014在温度130℃、载荷2.16kg下测定得到的熔体流动速率为2~50g/10分钟。
[9].如上述[1]~[8]的任一项所述的粘接剂,所述多异氰酸酯化合物(B)的异氰酸酯基相对于所述聚烯烃树脂(A)的1摩尔羧基的摩尔比率为0.3~30。
[10].如上述[1]~[9]的任一项所述的粘接剂,还含有金属羧酸盐(C)。
[11].一种层叠体,是使用上述[1]~[10]的任一项所述的粘接剂将金属箔和树脂膜层压而成的。
[12].如上述[11]所述的层叠体,所述金属箔是铝箔,所述树脂膜是热熔接性树脂膜。
[13].如上述[11]或[12]所述的层叠体,所述金属箔的厚度为10~100μm,所述树脂膜的厚度为9~100μm。
[14].一种电池外包装材料,使用了上述[11]~[13]的任一项所述的层叠体。
[15].一种电池壳体,使用了上述[14]所述的电池外包装材料。
[16].一种电池壳体的制造方法,具有将上述[14]所述的电池外包装材料通过拉深加工或撑压加工进行成型的工序。
发明效果
通过本发明的粘接剂,能够在金属箔和树脂膜的层压中稳定地表现出良好的粘接性,得到耐电解液性和耐热性优异的层叠体。因此,使用该粘接剂形成的层叠体,各层的粘接性良好,耐电解液性和耐热性优异,适合于电池外包装材料。
因此,使用这样的电池外包装材料的电池壳体,有助于制造寿命长且安全的二次电池。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明进行具体说明。
再者,本说明书中的“x~y”的数值范围的记载,表示的是“x以上且y以下”的意思。此外,“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”是指丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯中的至少一者。此外,“单体单元”是指通过聚合得到树脂时的原料单体。
[粘接剂]
本发明的粘接剂是金属箔和树脂膜的层压用粘接剂。其特征在于,含有具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)和多异氰酸酯化合物(B),多异氰酸酯化合物(B)含有饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B1)、饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B2)和芳香族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B3)。
相对于粘接剂的主剂即具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂,通过将前述规定的多种化合物合并使用作为固化剂多异氰酸酯化合物,能够在金属箔和树脂膜的层压中提高粘接性,得到耐电解液性和耐热性优异的层叠体。
(聚烯烃树脂(A))
作为本发明的粘接剂的构成成分的聚烯烃树脂(A),只要是具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂,就没有特殊限定。
作为聚烯烃树脂(A)中的聚烯烃骨架的单体单元,可以列举出乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、戊烯、己烯、庚烯、辛烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯等单烯烃;环戊烯、环己烯等脂环族烯烃;1,4-己二烯、1,5-己二烯、二乙烯基苯、1,3-环戊二烯、1,3-环己二烯、5-乙烯基-2-降冰片烯等链状或环状的多烯烃等。它们可以1种单独使用,也可以2种以上合并使用。在这些之中,从相对于作为被粘接物的树脂膜、尤其是聚烯烃树脂膜的粘接性的观点而优选乙烯、丙烯和丁烯。
聚烯烃树脂(A)具有的羧基、即作为与聚烯烃结合的取代基的羧基,可以来自羧酸,也可以来自羧酸酐。
作为具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A),可以列举出改性聚烯烃树脂。作为这种改性聚烯烃树脂,可以列举出例如将具有羧基的单体与聚烯烃接枝聚合而成的接枝聚合物、具有羧基的单体与烯烃的共聚物,以及具有所述接枝聚合物的部位和所述共聚物的部位的聚烯烃树脂。
作为所述改性聚烯烃树脂中使用的具有羧基的单体,可以列举出例如(甲基)丙烯酸等烯属不饱和羧酸;马来酸酐、柠康酸酐、衣康酸酐等的烯属不饱和羧酸酐;(甲基)丙烯酸β-羧基乙酯等含有羧基的烯属不饱和羧酸酯等。它们可以1种单独使用,也可以2种以上合并使用。其中优选烯属不饱和羧酸或其酸酐,尤其是更优选烯属不饱和羧酸酐,进而优选使用马来酸酐。
聚烯烃树脂(A)是具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂,作为构成它的单体单元,可以含有不具有羧基的烯属不饱和羧酸酯。作为不具有羧基的烯属不饱和羧酸酯,可以列举出例如由(甲基)丙烯酸和碳数1~20的不具有羧基的醇形成的酯化物,可以列举出(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十二烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂基酯等。它们可以1种单独使用,也可以2种以上合并使用。
聚烯烃树脂(A),依照JIS K 7210-1:2014在温度130℃、载荷2.16kg的条件下测定的熔体流动速率(MFR:melt mass-flow rate)优选为2~50g/10分钟。MFR更优选为3~45g/10分钟、进而优选为8~40g/10分钟。
如果MFR为2g/10分钟以上,则由该粘接剂形成的粘接剂层的粘接性,即使是在与电解液接触的情况也不容易降低,所以优选。此外,如果MFR为50g/10分钟以下,则该粘接剂的涂布性良好。
聚烯烃树脂(A)的酸值,是羧基含量的指标,从粘接剂的粘接性的观点优选为3~60mgKOH/g、更优选为4~30mgKOH/g、进而优选为5~15mgKOH/g。
如果酸值为3mgKOH/g以上,则由该粘接剂形成的粘接剂层的粘接性,即使是在与电解液接触的情况也不容易降低,所以优选。此外,如果是60mgKOH/g以下,则该粘接剂的涂布性良好。
再者,本说明书中“酸值”是指依照JIS K 0070:1992而测定得到的值。
(多异氰酸酯化合物(B))
作为本发明的粘接剂的构成成分的多异氰酸酯化合物(B),作为聚烯烃树脂(A)的固化剂发挥作用,含有饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B1)、饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B2)和芳香族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B3)这3种。
通过作为多异氰酸酯化合物使用这样的3种多聚体,在将金属箔和树脂膜层压时,能够得到耐电解液性和耐热性优异的层叠体。
多异氰酸酯化合物(B),除了含有(B1)~(B3)的多聚体以外,也可以含有例如(B1)~(B3)的多聚体的构成单元单体等其它的异氰酸酯化合物。在这种情况,多异氰酸酯化合物(B)中的(B1)~(B3)的多聚体的总含量,从在通过这些多聚体将金属箔和树脂膜层压时得到耐电解液性优异的层叠体的观点,优选为80质量%以上、更优选为90质量%以上、进而优选为95质量%以上、更进而优选为98质量%以上。
作为饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B1),可以列举出例如1,6-己二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基己二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基己二异氰酸酯等的脂肪族二异氰酸酯的多聚体。它们可以1种单独使用,也可以2种以上合并使用。
作为多聚体的形态,可以列举出例如脲基甲酸酯化多聚体、异氰脲酸酯体、缩二脲改性物等。其中优选脲基甲酸酯化多聚体和异氰脲酸酯体、更优选使用异氰脲酸酯体。
作为饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B2),可以列举出例如1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、亚甲基双(4-环己基异氰酸酯)、1,3-双(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷、降冰片烷二异氰酸酯等饱和脂环式二异氰酸酯的多聚体。它们可以1种单独使用、也可以2种以上合并使用。
作为多聚体的形态,可以列举出例如脲基甲酸酯化多聚体、异氰脲酸酯体、缩二脲改性物等。其中优选脲基甲酸酯化多聚体和异氰脲酸酯体、更优选使用异氰脲酸酯体。
作为芳香族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B3),可以列举出例如2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯(monomeric MDI)、1,3-苯二甲撑二异氰酸酯、1,4-苯二甲撑二异氰酸酯等芳香族二异氰酸酯的多聚体、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(Polymeric MDI)。它们可以1种单独使用、也可以2种以上合并使用。再者,本发明中的“芳香族多异氰酸酯”是指在结构式中的某处具有芳香环的多异氰酸酯化合物。
作为多聚体的形态,可以列举出例如脲基甲酸酯化多聚体、异氰脲酸酯体、缩二脲改性物、Polymeric MDI等。其中优选脲基甲酸酯化多聚体、异氰脲酸酯体和PolymericMDI、更优选是Polymeric MDI。再者,Polymeric MDI还可以以含有monomeric MDI的Polymeric MDI混合物的形式很好地使用。
多异氰酸酯化合物(B)中的饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B1)、饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B2)和芳香族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B3)的配合比,按照各多聚体的异氰酸酯基的摩尔比计算优选为3~20:1~6:1、更优选为5~20:1.5~6:1、进而优选为8~12:2~4:1。
通过使(B1)~(B3)各多聚体为这样的配合比,在由该粘接剂形成的粘接剂层中能够保持由饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B1)带来的优异的粘接性,同时通过饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B2)和芳香族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B3)而均衡地提高耐电解液性和耐热性。
多异氰酸酯化合物(B)的异氰酸酯基,相对于聚烯烃树脂(A)的羧基1摩尔,摩尔比率(以下也记作“NCO/COOH比”。)优选为0.3~30、更优选为5~25、进而优选为10~20。
如果NCO/COOH比为0.3以上,则由该粘接剂形成的粘接剂层的粘接性、尤其是对树脂膜的粘接性良好,进而、如果是10以上,则所述粘接剂层的耐热性也变得更为优异。此外,如果NCO/COOH比为30以下,则由该粘接剂形成的粘接剂层的粘接性,即使是在与电解液接触的情况也不容易降低,所以优选。
再者,聚烯烃树脂(A)的羧基的摩尔数,可以由上述酸值求出,此外,多异氰酸酯化合物(B)的异氰酸酯基的摩尔数可以依照JIS K 6806:2003的方法求出。
此外,在根据聚烯烃树脂(A)的构成单体计算NCO/COOH比的情况,在聚烯烃树脂(A)具有来自羧酸酐的羧基时,将该羧酸酐1摩尔看作是羧基2摩尔来计算。
(金属羧酸盐(C))
本发明的粘接剂,除了含有聚烯烃树脂(A)和多异氰酸酯化合物(B)以外,还可以含有金属羧酸盐(C)。
金属羧酸盐(C)发挥促进聚烯烃树脂(A)和多异氰酸酯化合物(B)之间的反应的作用,从促进由该粘接剂形成的粘接剂层的粘接性的表现的观点,更优选配合在粘接剂中。
作为金属羧酸盐(C),可以列举出例如金属乙酸盐、金属己酸盐、金属2-乙基己酸盐等金属辛酸盐、金属新癸酸盐、金属月桂酸盐、金属硬脂酸盐、金属油酸盐等的金属羧酸盐;乙酰丙酮金属盐等。作为金属羧酸盐(C)的金属,优选选自周期表的第7族、第12族和第14族中的1种以上金属。它们可以1种单独使用,也可以2种以上合并使用。其中,从由该粘接剂形成的粘接剂层与电解液接触的情况的粘接性的观点,更优选锡、锌和锰中的任一者的羧酸盐以及乙酰丙酮盐。
具体地可以列举出新癸酸锌、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二辛基锡、二乙酸二辛基锡、双(新癸酸)锌、双(2-乙基己烷酸)锌、二硬脂酸锌、乙酰丙酮锌(II)盐、双(2-乙基己酸)锰等。其中,从由该粘接剂形成的粘接剂层的粘接性、耐电解液性和耐热性的平衡的观点,更优选二月桂酸二丁基锡盐、二月桂酸二辛基锡盐。
粘接剂中的金属羧酸盐(C)的配合量,没有特殊限定,相对于聚烯烃树脂(A)100质量份以金属成分换算优选为0.0001~5质量份、更优选为0.0005~3质量份、进而优选为0.001~1质量份。
如果是0.0001质量份以上,则即使是在由该粘接剂形成的粘接剂层与电解液接触的情况,也可以得到更优异的粘接性。此外,在是5质量份以下时,在由该粘接剂形成的粘接剂层的常态下可以得到优异的粘接性。
再者,金属羧酸盐(C)可以向聚烯烃树脂(A)中在其制造时添加,或者也可以在粘接剂的调制时添加。
<溶剂(D)>
本发明的粘接剂,从粘性的调整和操作性等的观点,可以根据需要含有溶剂(D)。溶剂(D),只要是能够将聚烯烃树脂(A)、多异氰酸酯化合物(B)和金属羧酸盐(C)溶解或分散即可,没有特殊限定。可以列举出例如甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族系有机溶剂;环己烷、甲基环己烷、乙基环己烷等脂环式系有机溶剂;正己烷、正庚烷等脂肪族系有机溶剂;乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯等酯系有机溶剂;丙酮、丁酮、甲基丁基酮等酮系有机溶剂、其他矿物油精等。它们可以1种单独使用,也可以2种以上合并使用。其中,从聚烯烃树脂(A)的溶解性的观点优选为甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲基环己烷和丁酮,更优选甲苯、乙酸乙基和乙酸丁酯。再者,矿物油精有时被含在金属羧酸盐(C)的市售品中。
粘接剂中的溶剂(D)的含量,在聚烯烃树脂(A)、多异氰酸酯化合物(B)、金属羧酸盐(C)和溶剂(D)的合计100质量%中优选为30~95质量%、更优选为40~90质量%、进而优选为50~90质量%。
如果含量为30质量%以上,则该粘接剂的涂布性为良好。此外,如果是95质量%以下,则使用该粘接剂层压而成的层叠体的厚度控制性良好。
(添加剂)
本发明的粘接剂,除了聚烯烃树脂(A)、多异氰酸酯化合物(B)、金属羧酸盐(C)和溶剂(D)以外,还可以根据需要,在不破坏本发明的效果的范围内含有任意的添加剂。作为添加剂,可以列举出例如反应促进剂、粘接赋予剂、增塑剂等。它们可以1种单独使用、也可以2种以上合并使用。
在粘接剂含有添加剂的情况,聚烯烃树脂(A)、多异氰酸酯化合物(B)、金属羧酸盐(C)和溶剂(D)的合计含量,从在粘接剂中这些(A)~(D)的各成分充分发挥作用的观点优选为80质量%以上、更优选为90质量%以上、进而优选为95质量%以上、还进而优选为98质量%以上。
作为反应促进剂,作为具有与金属羧酸盐(C)同样功能的化合物,可以列举出例如2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N,N-二甲基-对甲苯胺、对甲苯基二乙醇胺等叔胺。它们可以1种单独使用,也可以2种以上合并使用。该反应促进剂可以代替金属羧酸盐(C)而使用,或者也可以与金属羧酸盐(C)合并使用。
对于粘接赋予剂,没有特殊限定。可以列举出例如聚萜烯系树脂、松香系树脂等的天然系粘接赋予剂;作为通过石油脑的热分解而副生出的馏分的脂肪族(C5)系树脂、芳香族(C9)系树脂、C5和C9的共聚系树脂、脂环族系树脂等的石油系等粘接赋予剂。此外,可以列举出将这些树脂的双键部分氢化而成的氢化树脂。它们可以1种单独使用,也可以2种以上合并使用。
增塑剂,没有特殊限定可,可以将其中1种单独使用,也可以将2种以上合并使用。可以列举出例如聚异戊二烯、聚丁烯等液状橡胶;工艺油等、以及除聚烯烃树脂(A)以外的聚烯烃树脂、其它的热塑性树脂、热塑性弹性体等。作为热塑性树脂和热塑性弹性体,可以列举出例如乙烯-乙酸乙烯基酯共聚树脂、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚树脂、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)共聚树脂、苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯(SEPS)共聚树脂等。
[层叠体]
本发明的层叠体,是使用所述粘接剂将金属箔和树脂膜层压而成的。即、金属箔和树脂膜被所述粘接剂粘接在一起,在所述金属箔和所述树脂膜的二者粘接面上接合着由所述粘接剂形成的粘接剂层。
再者,在金属箔彼此、树脂膜彼此等的粘接、即、除金属箔和树脂膜之间以外的粘接中,可以使用除所述粘接剂以外的其它粘接剂,但所述粘接剂在这些粘接中也可以发挥良好的粘接性。
作为层压方法可以使用热层合方式、干式层合方式等公知方法。
热层合方式是将不含溶剂(D)的粘接剂,加热熔化在被粘接物的粘接面上,或者与被粘接物一起加热挤出的方式,通过这样在金属箔和树脂膜之间形成粘接剂层。
另一方面,干式层合方式是指将含有溶剂(D)的粘接剂涂布在被粘接物的粘接面上,将其干燥,然后与另一被粘接物的粘接面重合并压接的方式,通过这样在金属箔和树脂膜之间形成粘接剂层。
金属箔通常使用纯铝系或铝-铁系合金的O材(软质材料)等的铝箔,优选使用这样的铝箔。
金属箔的厚度从加工性和防止氧气和水分从层叠体中透过的阻挡性观点,优选为10~100μm、更优选为30~50μm、进而优选为35~50μm、更进而优选为40~50μm。
如果厚度为10μm以上,则能够充分抑制由于成型时金属箔的破断、针孔的发生使氧气和水分从该层叠体透过的现象。此外,如果是100μm以下,则能够容易地适度调整层叠体的总厚度、质量等。
再者,金属箔,为了提高与树脂膜的粘接性、提高耐食性等而优选预先实施硅烷偶联剂、钛偶联剂等的底涂层处理、铬处理等的化学转化处理。
树脂膜,从具有热密封性、得到优异的耐电解液性的观点,作为其材质,优选热熔接性树脂,可以列举出例如聚丙烯、聚乙烯、马来酸改性聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、离聚物树脂等。树脂膜,可以是单层,此外,也可以通过共挤出等方式由多层构成。在多层的情况,各层的材质既可以相同,也可以各层不同。
树脂膜的厚度优选为9~100μm、更优选为20~90μm、进而优选为40~80μm。
如果厚度为9μm以上,则通过层压能够得到与金属箔的充分粘接性,膜本身的强度充分,得到优异的耐电解液性。此外,如果是100μm以下,则能够得到良好的成型性。
层叠体,对其用途没有特殊限定,可以很好地作为例如包装材料使用。作为被包装物,可以列举出例如包括酸、碱、有机溶剂等的液状物。具体可以列举出增厚腻子、减薄腻子等腻子;油性涂料等涂料;透明清漆等清漆;溶剂系汽车用复合物;锂离子电池等二次电池的电解液等。
[电池外包装材料]
所述层叠体可以很好地用作电池外包装材料。如上所述,所述层叠体对锂离子电池等的二次电池的电解液的耐电解液性优异,所以电池外包装材料是所述层叠材的很好用途。
电池外包装材料优选是在金属箔的外侧面设置树脂膜的构造的层叠体。电池外包装材料,根据需要,从进一步提高机械强度、耐电解液性等的观点,除了所述层叠体的层构造以外,也可以是具有中间树脂层、外层、进而外覆层等的构造。可以列举出例如下述(1)~(4)所示的层构造。再者,下述例示中的粘接剂层是指由本发明的粘接剂形成的层。
(1)外层/金属箔/粘接剂层/树脂膜
(2)外层/中间树脂层/金属箔/粘接剂层/树脂膜
(3)外覆层/外层/金属箔/粘接剂层/树脂膜
(4)外覆层/外层/中间树脂层/金属箔/粘接剂层/树脂膜
外层通常由树脂膜形成,从耐热性、成型性和绝缘性等的观点,优选使用例如聚酰胺(尼龙)树脂、聚酯树脂等拉伸膜等。
外层的厚度优选为9~50μm、更优选为10~40μm、进而优选为20~30μm。
如果厚度为9μm以上,则能够充分确保电池外包装材料成型时的树脂膜的拉伸率,抑制金属箔的颈缩(necking),成型性良好。此外,如果考虑成本,则可以以50μm以下的厚度得到充分的耐热性和绝缘性。
在外层中使用的树脂膜是拉伸膜的情况,从得到更好的成型性的观点,在相对于拉伸方向为0°、45°、90°这3方向中优选拉伸强度都为150N/mm2以上、更优选为200N/mm2以上、进而优选为250N/mm2以上。此外,优选破断时的伸长率为80%以上、更优选为100%以上、进而优选为120%以上。
再者,本说明书中所说的“拉伸强度”和“破断时的伸长率”是:以所述3方向的拉伸方向作为长度方向,切出长150mm×宽15mm×厚9~50μm的试料膜,以拉伸速度100mm/分进行拉伸试验,试料膜破断时的强度和伸长率的值。
作为所述层构造(2)和(4)中的中间树脂层的材质,从提高电池外包装材料的机械强度的观点,可以列举出例如聚酰胺树脂、聚酯树脂、聚乙烯树脂等。中间树脂层可以是单层的树脂膜,或者也可以是多层的共挤出树脂膜等。中间树脂层的厚度没有特殊限定,通常为0.1~30μm的程度。
所述层构造(3)和(4)中的外覆层,通常是出于赋予对水蒸气和其它气体的气体阻挡性而设置的,可以由公知的材质形成。可以通过例如涂布具有气体阻挡性的聚合物,或者蒸镀或涂布铝等的金属、氧化硅、氧化铝等的无机氧化物而形成。
[电池壳体]
所述电池外包装材料,由于耐电解液性、耐热性、气体阻挡性等优异,所以可以很好地用作二次电池、尤其是锂离子电池的电池壳体。
此外,由于所述电池外包装材料成型性优异,所以可以通过公知的成型方法简便地制造电池壳体。成型方法没有特殊限定,从复杂形状和高尺寸精度的观点,优选通过拉深加工或撑压加工(bulging)进行成型。
实施例
下面通过实施例来对本发明进行具体说明,但本发明不受这些实施例限定。
[聚烯烃树脂(A)的合成]
下述表1所示的聚烯烃树脂(A1)~(A8)分别是通过以下合成例1~8制造的。
(合成例1)
将以金属茂催化剂作为聚合催化剂而制造的丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物(丙烯-乙烯摩尔比为97:3,MFR为10g/10分钟)100质量份、马来酸酐0.5质量份、甲基丙烯酸月桂基酯1质量份和过氧化二叔丁基1.5质量份使用料筒部的最高温度设定在170℃的双螺杆挤出机进行混炼、反应。然后将挤出机内减压脱气,将未反应残留物除去而得到具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A1)。
(合成例2~5)
在合成例1中,使用下述表1所示的MFR值不同的丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物,除此以外与合成例1同样地得到聚烯烃树脂(A2)~(A5)。
(合成例6~8)
使用下述表1所示的丙烯-丁烯无规共聚物(A6)、丙烯聚合物(A7)、或丙烯-乙烯-丁烯无规共聚物(A8)代替合成例1中的丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物,除此以外与合成例1同样地得到聚烯烃树脂(A6)~(A8)。
对于前述合成的各聚烯烃树脂(A),如下述那样测定酸值和MFR。将它们的测定结果一并示于表1。
<酸值>
依照JIS K 0070:1992,由氢氧化钾乙醇溶液通过中和滴定求出酸值。
<MFR测定>
依照JIS K 7210-1:2014,在温度130℃、载荷2.16kg的条件下测定。
表1
[粘接剂的调制]
如以下那样调制金属箔和树脂膜的层压用粘接剂。下面示出了各粘接剂中配合的化合物。
<聚烯烃树脂(A)>
通过所述合成例1~8制造的聚烯烃树脂(A1)~(A8)
<多异氰酸酯化合物(B)>
(B1)1,6-己二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯体:“デュラネート(注册商标)TKA-100”、旭化成株式会社制;异氰酸酯基含量21.7质量%
(B2)异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯体:“デスモジュール(注册商标)Z4470BA”、コベストロ社制;乙酸丁酯溶液(浓度70质量%);异氰酸酯基含量8.3质量%
(B3)Polymeric MDI:“スミジュール(注册商标)44V40”、コ夹克ロ社制;与monomeric MDI的混合物(monomeric MDI含量为32.0质量%);异氰酸酯基含量30.0质量%
<金属羧酸盐(C)>
(C1)新癸酸锌:“BiCAT(注册商标)Z(M)”、シェファードケミカル社制、金属(锌)含量19质量%
(C2)二月桂酸二丁基锡:“KS-1260”、堺化学工业株式会社制
(C3)双(2-乙基己酸)锌:“ヘキソエート亜鉛15%”、东栄化工株式会社制;矿物油精溶液(浓度65质量%);金属(锌含量15质量%)(C4)二硬脂酸锌:“エフコ·ケムZNS-P”、株式会社ADEKA制(C5)乙酰丙酮锌(II)盐:试剂、东京化成工业株式会社制(C6)双(2-乙基己酸)锰:“ヘキソエートマンガン6%”、东荣化工株式会社制、矿物油精溶液(浓度42质量%);金属(锰含量6质量%)
<溶剂(D)>
甲苯-乙酸乙酯混合溶剂(混合质量比9:1)
(实施例1)
将聚烯烃树脂(A1)15.00g溶解在溶剂(D)85.0g中。接下来,作为多异氰酸酯化合物(B)加入(B1)2.96g、(B2)2.29g和(B3)0.21g,并搅拌混合,从而调制金属箔和树脂膜的层压用粘接剂。
(实施例2~8)
分别使用(A2)~(A8)来代替实施例1中聚烯烃树脂(A1),除此以外与实施例1同样地调制各粘接剂。
(实施例9~13)
在实施例6中作为原料,进而分别添加金属羧酸盐(C1)~(C5)各0.02质量份,除此以外与实施例6同样地调制各粘接剂。
(比较例1~6)
将实施例6中多异氰酸酯化合物(B)的配合组成分别变为下述表3所示那样,除此以外与实施例6同样地调制各粘接剂。
对于所述实施例和比较例中调制的粘接剂,如下述那样计算出NCO/COOH比。
再者,在所述实施例和比较例中,以使NCO/COOH比都为14.0那样调整聚烯烃树脂(A)和多异氰酸酯化合物(B)的配合组成。
<NCO/COOH比>
依照JIS K 6806:2003的方法求出多异氰酸酯化合物(B)中的NCO量,计算异氰酸酯基的摩尔数。
此外,根据前述求出的聚烯烃树脂(A)的酸值计算出聚烯烃树脂(A)中的羧基的摩尔数。
并且通过将异氰酸酯基的摩尔数除以羧基的摩尔数而求出NCO/COOH比。
[电池外包装材料的制造]
使用所述实施例和比较例的粘接剂,通过干式层合方式制造具有外层/中间树脂层/铝箔/粘接剂层/树脂膜的层构造的电池外包装材料。再者,层压后的熟化和干燥条件为:温度40℃、湿度5%RH、5天。
电池外包装材料的各层材料如下。
<外层>
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/拉伸聚酰胺层叠膜;厚度27μm;在相对于拉伸方向为0°、45°、90°这3方向的各方向上都是拉伸强度为270N/mm2、破断时的伸长率为150%。
<中间树脂层>
聚氨酯系干式层压用粘接剂:“AD-502/CAT10L”、东洋モートン株式会社制;涂布量3g/m2(涂布时)
<铝箔>
铝-铁系合金的铝箔:AA规格8079-O材;厚度40μm
<粘接剂层>
通过所述实施例和比较例调制的粘接剂,涂布量:干燥后的厚度2μm
<树脂膜>
未拉伸聚丙烯膜;厚度为80μm
[电池外包装材料的评价]
针对前述制造的各电池外包装材料,通过在下述所示条件下进行T形剥离强度试验来评价粘接性、耐电解液性和耐热性。将它们的评价结果一并示于表2和3。
<T形剥离强度试验>
·测定试料:从电池外包装材料切出尺寸为长150mm×宽15mm的试验片
·测定装置:精密万能试验机;“オートグラフAG-X”、株式会社岛津制作所制
·剥离部位:测定试料的铝箔和树脂膜之间
·剥离速度:100mm/分
(1)粘接性
通过温度23℃、湿度50%RH(常态)下测定的、铝箔与树脂膜的常态T形剥离强度进行评价。
(2)耐电解液性
将测定试料浸渍在电解液溶剂(碳酸亚丙酯/碳酸二乙酯混合液;混合质量比50:50)中,在85℃环境下放置1天,然后取出,与所述(1)同样地测定铝箔和树脂膜的浸渍后T形剥离强度,由此评价。
(3)耐热性
在85℃环境中将测定试料放置3分钟,确认测定试料表面为85℃后,与所述(1)同样地测定铝箔和树脂膜的高温(85℃)T形剥离强度,由此评价。
表3
由表2和3所示结果的对比可以知道,使用特定3种多异氰酸酯化合物(B)而成的粘接剂(实施例1~13),T形剥离强度都是充分高,得到了良好的粘接性,并且、确认得到了耐电解液性和耐热性优异的层叠体。
另一方面,作为多异氰酸酯化合物(B)仅使用了前述3种中的任1种或2种而成的粘接剂(比较例1~6),常态T形剥离强度、电解液溶剂浸渍后的T形剥离强度和高温(85℃)T形剥离强度中的一者或都不充分,所述的粘接性、耐电解液性和耐热性的效果不能全都优异。
Claims (13)
1.一种粘接剂,是金属箔和树脂膜的层压用粘接剂,含有具有羧基的聚烯烃树脂(A)和多异氰酸酯化合物(B),
所述聚烯烃树脂(A)依照JIS K 7210-1:2014在温度130℃、载荷2.16kg下测定得到的熔体流动速率为2~50g/10分钟,聚烯烃树脂(A)的酸值为3~60mgKOH/g,
所述多异氰酸酯化合物(B)含有饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B1)、饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B2)和芳香族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B3),并且所述饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B1)、所述饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B2)和所述芳香族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B3)的各自的异氰酸酯基的摩尔比为3~20:1~6:1,
所述多异氰酸酯化合物(B)的异氰酸酯基相对于所述聚烯烃树脂(A)的1摩尔羧基的摩尔比率为0.3~30。
2.如权利要求1所述的粘接剂,所述饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B1)含有选自饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的脲基甲酸酯化多聚体、和饱和脂肪族多异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯体中的1种以上。
3.如权利要求1所述的粘接剂,所述饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B2)含有选自饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的脲基甲酸酯化多聚体、和饱和脂环式多异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯体中的1种以上。
4.如权利要求1所述的粘接剂,所述芳香族多异氰酸酯的多聚体(B3)含有选自芳香族多异氰酸酯的脲基甲酸酯化多聚体、芳香族多异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯体、和多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯中的1种以上。
5.如权利要求1所述的粘接剂,所述聚烯烃树脂(A)含有选自丙烯、乙烯和丁烯中的1种以上的单体单元。
6.如权利要求1所述的粘接剂,所述聚烯烃树脂(A)含有被选自烯属不饱和羧酸或其酸酐中的1种以上改性而成的聚烯烃树脂。
7.如权利要求1所述的粘接剂,还含有金属羧酸盐(C)。
8.一种层叠体,是使用权利要求1~7的任一项所述的粘接剂将金属箔和树脂膜层压而成的。
9.如权利要求8所述的层叠体,所述金属箔是铝箔,所述树脂膜是热熔接性树脂膜。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的层叠体,所述金属箔的厚度为10~100μm,所述树脂膜的厚度为9~100μm。
11.一种电池外包装材料,使用了权利要求8~10的任一项所述的层叠体。
12.一种电池壳体,使用了权利要求11所述的电池外包装材料。
13.一种电池壳体的制造方法,具有将权利要求11所述的电池外包装材料通过拉深加工或撑压加工进行成型的工序。
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