CN116495714A - 一种非晶磷酸钛钠的制备及应用 - Google Patents
一种非晶磷酸钛钠的制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- MJEPCYMIBBLUCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium titanium(4+) phosphate Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ti+4].[Na+] MJEPCYMIBBLUCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 9
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Chemical class [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种非晶磷酸钛钠材料的制备,改性及其作为钠离子电极材料的应用。它的制备包括以下步骤:将所有原料加入溶剂中搅拌分散形成溶胶;烘箱干燥或者喷雾干燥形成凝胶;最后于惰性气氛中退火得到非晶磷酸钛钠材料。本发明的有益效果是:此材料作为钠离子电池负极,在0.01‑3.0V电压范围内展示出高比容量和良好的循环稳定性能。本方法具有工艺操作简单、重复性高、易于规模化生产的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及钠离子电池电极材料制备领域,特别涉及非晶材料磷酸钛钠的制备方法及改性手段。
背景技术
太阳能、风能等清洁能源具有间隙性缺点,二次电池可以储存它们产生的电能,供晚上或者无风时使用电能。钠离子电池具有和锂离子电池相同的工作原理。锂矿资源有限,而钠矿资源储量丰富,是锂矿储量的上百倍,因此钠离子电池在未来能提供可持续发展。依据电解液的不同分类,钠离子电池可以分为有机相和水相钠离子电池。
磷酸钛钠NaTi2(PO4)3属于嵌入/脱出型钠电负极材料。它是由[PO4]四面体和[TiO6]八面体通过角/边共接构成框架结构,此结构具有贯通的三维大孔径通道,可以提供较高的钠离子传输速率(10−4S cm−1),已经作为钠离子电池电极材料应用,如专利CN105810912,CN108766772和 文献Electrochimica Acta 294(2019) 226,但是晶体结构NaTi2(PO4)3的储钠容量有限,在有机相钠离子电池中理论比容量仅为133mAh/g,难以满足高能量密度电池需求。
我们发现了一种新材料──非晶磷酸钛钠,作为钠离子电池负极材料,在有机相钠离子电池中它的比容量可达400mAh/g,是晶体NaTi2(PO4)3比容量的三倍,大大提高了钠离子电池的能量密度。并且非晶磷酸钛钠经过掺杂包覆改性后,其钠电性能得到进一步的提升。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种钠电新结构电极材料──非晶磷酸钛钠,在有机相钠离子电池中它的比容量高达400mAh/g。它的原料廉价易得,制备工艺简单,易于规模化生产。并且经过碳包覆或者金属元素掺杂后,它的倍率性能或者循环稳定性能得到进一步的提升。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种非晶磷酸钛钠材料的制备及应用,包括:
(1)分别取钠源、钛源、磷源加入到溶剂中,其中钠源和钛源的质量比为1:1-1:10,钠源和磷源的质量比为1:1-1:50,溶剂是钛源质量的2-50倍, 搅拌后获得溶胶;
为了达到碳包覆的目的,可以往溶胶中加入有机螯合物,有机螯合物质量是钛源的2-10倍;
为了达到金属元素掺杂的目的,可以往溶胶中加入过渡金属化合物,过渡金属化合物的质量比是钛源的1-20wt%;
为了达到碳包覆同时金属元素掺杂的目的,可以往溶胶中同时加入有机螯合物和过渡金属化合物,其中有机螯合物质量是钛源的2-10倍,过渡金属的质量比是钛源的1-20wt%,;
(2)将溶胶于烘箱中120℃烘干12小时,获得A前驱体;或者将溶胶于200℃进行喷雾干燥,获得B前驱体;
(3)将A或者B在氩气或氮气氛下分别以5℃/min的升温速率,升到500-900℃,煅烧2-12h,煅烧结束后,即获得非晶磷酸钛钠材料或者改性的非晶磷酸钛钠材料。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述钠源包括:氢氧化钠、碳酸钠和氯化钠中任意一种;
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述钛源包括:四氯化钛、三氯化钛、钛酸正丁酯和钛酸异丙酯中任意一种;
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述磷源包括:磷酸、磷酸二氢铵、和磷酸氢二铵中任意一种;
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述溶剂包括:去离子水、乙二醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和无水乙醇中任意一种;
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述有机螯合物包括:柠檬酸、硫代硫酸钠、葡萄糖和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中任意一种;
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述过渡金属源包括:钼酸铵、乙酸钴、二茂铁和乙酸铜中任意一种。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明发现非晶磷酸钛钠作为钠离子电池负极材料具有高比容量的特点,并且提供了其具体的制备及改性方法。这些方法具有操作简便易行,可重复性强,成本低,对环境无污染的特点。通过碳包覆或者金属元素掺杂能进一步提高其倍率性能和循环稳定性。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1中制备的非晶磷酸钛钠的X射线衍射谱图;
图2是本发明实施例3中制备的碳包覆非晶磷酸钛钠的能谱图;
图3是本发明实施例7中制备的碳包覆同时钼掺杂非晶磷酸钛钠的能谱图;
图4是本发明实施例5中制备的钴掺杂非晶磷酸钛钠的扫描电镜照片;
图5是本发明实施例4中制备的碳包覆非晶磷酸钛钠作为有机相钠离子电池负极材料的充放电曲线图。
具体实施方式
除有定义外,以下实施例中所用的技术术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员普遍理解的相同含义。以下实施例中所用的试验试剂,如无特殊说明,均为常规生化试剂;所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下面结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
实施例1 制备非晶磷酸钛钠
(1)分别取氢氧化钠、四氯化钛、磷酸加入到去离子水中,其中氢氧化钠和四氯化钛的质量比为1:1,氢氧化钠和磷酸的质量比为1:1,去离子水是四氯化钛质量的2倍,搅拌后获得溶胶;
(2)将溶胶于烘箱中120℃烘干12小时,获得A前驱体;
(3)将A在氩气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率,升到500℃,煅烧12h,煅烧结束后,即获得非晶磷酸钛钠材料。
实施例2 制备非晶磷酸钛钠
(1)分别取碳酸钠、三氯化钛、磷酸二氢铵加入到去乙二醇中,其中碳酸钠和三氯化钛的质量比为1:3,碳酸钠和磷酸二氢铵的质量比为1:10,乙二醇是三氯化钛质量的10倍,搅拌后获得溶胶;
(2)将溶胶于200℃进行喷雾干燥,获得B前驱体;
(3)将B在氮气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率,升到600℃,煅烧10h,煅烧结束后,即获得非晶磷酸钛钠材料。为了测试其水相电池性能,以饱和Li2SO4作为电解液,LiMn2O4作为正极,在100mA/g电流密度下,比容量为120mAh/g。
实施例3 制备碳包覆的非晶磷酸钛钠
(1)分别取氯化钠、钛酸正丁酯、磷酸氢二铵加入到N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,其中氯化钠和钛酸正丁酯的质量比为1:5,氯化钠和磷酸氢二铵的质量比为1:20,N-甲基吡咯烷酮是钛酸正丁酯质量的20倍, 再加入柠檬酸,柠檬酸质量是钛酸正丁酯的2倍,搅拌后获得溶胶;
(2)将溶胶于烘箱中120℃烘干12小时,获得A前驱体;
(3)将A在氩气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率,升到700℃,煅烧5h,煅烧结束后,即获得碳包覆的非晶磷酸钛钠材料。
实施例4 制备碳包覆的非晶磷酸钛钠
(1)分别取碳酸钠、钛酸异丙酯、磷酸加入到无水乙醇中,其中碳酸钠和钛酸异丙酯的质量比为1:10,碳酸钠和磷酸的质量比为1:30,无水乙醇是钛酸异丙酯质量的30倍,再加入葡萄糖,葡萄糖质量是钛酸异丙酯的2倍,搅拌后获得溶胶;
(2)将溶胶于200℃进行喷雾干燥,获得B前驱体;
(3)将B在氮气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率,升到800℃,煅烧2h,煅烧结束后,即获得碳包覆的非晶磷酸钛钠材料。为了测试其有机相电池性能,以1 M NaClO4溶解到碳酸乙烯酯作为电解液,钠片作为对电极,在100mA/g电流密度下,比容量为420mAh/g。
实施例5 制备钴掺杂的非晶磷酸钛钠
(1)分别取氢氧化钠、三氯化钛、磷酸氢二铵加入到去离子水中,其中氢氧化钠和三氯化钛的质量比为1:3,氢氧化钠和磷酸氢二铵的质量比为1:40,去离子水是三氯化钛质量的15倍, 再加入乙酸钴,乙酸钴质量是三氯化钛质量的1wt%,搅拌后获得溶胶;
(2)将溶胶于烘箱中120℃烘干12小时,获得A前驱体;
(3)将A在氩气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率,升到500℃,煅烧10h,煅烧结束后,即获得钴掺杂的非晶磷酸钛钠材料。
实施例6 制备铜掺杂的非晶磷酸钛钠
(1)分别取碳酸钠、四氯化钛、磷酸加入到去离子水中,其中碳酸钠和四氯化钛的质量比为1:8,碳酸钠和磷酸的质量比为1:20,去离子水是四氯化钛质量的25倍, 再加入乙酸铜,乙酸铜质量是四氯化钛质量的10wt%,搅拌后获得溶胶;
(2)将溶胶于200℃进行喷雾干燥,获得B前驱体;
(3)将B在氮气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率,升到800℃,煅烧12h,煅烧结束后,即获得铜掺杂的非晶磷酸钛钠材料。
实施例7 制备碳包覆且钼掺杂的非晶磷酸钛钠
(1)分别取氯化钠、钛酸异丙酯、磷酸加入到无水乙醇中,其中氯化钠和钛酸异丙酯的质量比为1:5,氯化钠和磷酸的质量比为1:50,无水乙醇是钛酸异丙酯质量的30倍, 再加入葡萄糖和钼酸铵,葡萄糖和钼酸铵分别是钛酸异丙酯质量的2倍和15wt%,搅拌后获得溶胶;
(2)将溶胶于200℃进行喷雾干燥,获得B前驱体;
(3)将B在氮气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率,升到800℃,煅烧2h,煅烧结束后,即获得碳包覆且钼掺杂的非晶磷酸钛钠材料。
实施例8 制备碳包覆且铁掺杂的非晶磷酸钛钠
(1)分别取氯化钠、钛酸异丙酯、磷酸加入到无水乙醇中,其中氯化钠和钛酸异丙酯的质量比为1:10,氯化钠和磷酸的质量比为1:25,无水乙醇是钛酸异丙酯质量的30倍,再加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和二茂铁,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和二茂铁分别是钛酸异丙酯质量的10倍和20wt%,搅拌后获得溶胶;
(2)将溶胶于烘箱中120℃烘干12小时,获得A前驱体;
(3)将A在氩气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率,升到600℃,煅烧10h,煅烧结束后,即获得碳包覆且铁掺杂的非晶磷酸钛钠材料。
参见附图,图1是本发明实施例1中制备的非晶磷酸钛钠的X射线衍射谱图;
图2是本发明实施例3中制备的碳包覆非晶磷酸钛钠的能谱图;
图3是本发明实施例7中制备的碳包覆同时钼掺杂非晶磷酸钛钠的能谱图;
图4是本发明实施例5中制备的钴掺杂非晶磷酸钛钠的扫描电镜照片;
图5是本发明实施例4中制备的碳包覆非晶磷酸钛钠作为有机相钠离子电池负极材料的充放电曲线图。
本发明并不局限上述所列举的具体实施方式,本领域的技术人员可以根据本发明工作原理和上面给出的具体实施方式,可以做出各种等同的修改、等同的替换、部件增减和重新组合,从而构成更多新的实施方式。
Claims (8)
1.一种非晶磷酸钛钠的制备及应用,其特征在于,包括:
(1)分别取钠源、钛源、磷源加入到溶剂中,其中钠源和钛源的质量比为1:1-1:10,钠源和磷源的质量比为1:1-1:50,溶剂是钛源质量的2-50倍, 搅拌后获得溶胶;
为了达到金属元素掺杂的目的,可以往溶胶中加入过渡金属化合物,过渡金属化合物的质量比是钛源的1-20wt%;
为了达到碳包覆同时金属元素掺杂的目的,可以往溶胶中同时加入有机螯合物和过渡金属化合物,其中有机螯合物质量是钛源的2-10倍,过渡金属的质量比是钛源的1-20wt%,;
(2)将溶胶于烘箱中120℃烘干12小时,获得A前驱体;或者将溶胶于200℃进行喷雾干燥,获得B前驱体;
(3)将A或者B在氩气或氮气氛下分别以5℃/min的升温速率,升到500-900℃,煅烧2-12h,煅烧结束后,即获得非晶磷酸钛钠材料或者改性的非晶磷酸钛钠材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种非晶磷酸钛钠的制备及应用,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述钠源包括:氢氧化钠、碳酸钠和氯化钠中任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种非晶磷酸钛钠的制备及应用,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述钛源包括:四氯化钛、三氯化钛、钛酸正丁酯和钛酸异丙酯中任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种非晶磷酸钛钠的制备及应用,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述磷源包括:磷酸、磷酸二氢铵、和磷酸氢二铵中任意一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种非晶磷酸钛钠的制备及应用,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述溶剂包括:去离子水、乙二醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和无水乙醇中任意一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种非晶磷酸钛钠的制备及应用,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述有机螯合物包括:柠檬酸、硫代硫酸钠、葡萄糖和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中任意一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种非晶磷酸钛钠的制备及应用,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述过渡金属源包括:钼酸铵、乙酸钴、二茂铁和乙酸铜中任意一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种非晶磷酸钛钠的制备及应用,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述非晶磷酸钛钠材料可以作为钠离子电池负极材料使用,包含水相和有机相钠离子电池。
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