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CN115486316A - Poplar planting method in semi-arid region - Google Patents

Poplar planting method in semi-arid region Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115486316A
CN115486316A CN202211314117.8A CN202211314117A CN115486316A CN 115486316 A CN115486316 A CN 115486316A CN 202211314117 A CN202211314117 A CN 202211314117A CN 115486316 A CN115486316 A CN 115486316A
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poplar
planting
planted
ploughing
semiarid
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CN202211314117.8A
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Inventor
赵曦阳
韩锐
裴晓娜
李峪曦
宫再欣
孙思琦
刘琳
由义敏
王旭彤
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Jilin Agricultural University
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Jilin Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00—Forestry
    • A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting poplar in a semi-arid region, belongs to the field of planting, and aims to solve the problems of low survival rate and slow growth of poplar planted in the semi-arid region. The method comprises the following steps: before planting poplar, spreading sulfur powder, turning over, applying improved fertilizer and laying salt-removing water-collecting pipe net; selecting cuttage poplar seedlings to plant, and paving fine soil doped with waste; and carrying out maintenance, pest and disease damage, weeding, fertilization and irrigation management. The method can effectively improve the survival rate of the poplar, and accelerate the growth of the poplar. The method is applied to the field of poplar planting.

Description

Poplar planting method in semi-arid region
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of planting, and particularly relates to a poplar planting method in a semi-arid region.
Background
The semiarid region is a climate type region with the annual average precipitation of 350-500 mm, the semiarid region has less precipitation and rapid water evaporation, and salt dissolved in water is likely to be accumulated on the surface layer of soil, so that saline-alkali soil is easily formed. The rainwater in summer is more, and a large amount of salt can follow the water and flow away, and at this moment, the salt content in soil is little, and the spring water evaporation is more, and salt in aquatic can slowly gather on the soil top layer, and at this moment, the salt is more in soil. The soil quality in the area is easy to form sandy land due to long-term drought. Poplar tree
The poplar has the advantages of strong adaptability, good stress resistance, excellent disease resistance, higher growth speed and the like, and has wider application range, but the poplar planted in the semiarid region has low survival rate and slow growth.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low survival rate and slow growth of poplar planted in semi-arid regions, and provides a method for planting poplar in semi-arid regions.
The invention relates to a poplar planting method in a semi-arid region, which is carried out according to the following steps:
1. ploughing the semi-arid land to be planted in 7-11 months of the previous year of planting poplar; uniformly spreading sulfur powder after plowing, uniformly mixing with the saline-alkali soil, plowing the semiarid land to be planted again after 3-5 months of the next year, airing for 1-5 d, applying an improvement fertilizer, and carrying out rotary tillage again; wherein, after spreading sulfur powder, ploughing 3-5 times during 3-5 months of the next year;
the improved fertilizer comprises 50-60 parts of livestock manure, 20-40 parts of crop straws, 10-15 parts of biochar, 0.5-1 part of water-retaining agent, 20-30 parts of calcium oxide, 10-25 parts of maleic anhydride, 10-20 parts of biochemical fulvic acid, 5-10 parts of wood vinegar and 20-30 parts of phosphogypsum in parts by weight;
2. ditching the ploughed saline-alkali soil, laying a concealed pipe, digging an open ditch around the semiarid land to be planted, and laying a salt-removing water-collecting pipe network on the lower layer of the semiarid land to be planted; the laying mode of the concealed pipe is as follows: laying a plurality of concealed pipes along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of the area to be planted respectively, forming a plurality of rhombic areas in the area to be planted by the concealed pipes, wherein the transverse concealed pipes are communicated with the longitudinal concealed pipes;
3. planting poplar:
1) Selecting a cottage poplar seedling for planting, planting the cottage poplar seedling in a rhombic area formed by a concealed conduit, and paving fine soil doped with waste on the upper-layer soil around the planted poplar seedling, wherein the paving thickness of the fine soil is 10-20 cm; covering a film on the fine soil layer, forming through holes on the film, and paving 5-10 cm of soil on the film;
2) And after the poplar seedlings are planted, performing maintenance, pest and disease damage, weeding, fertilization and irrigation management.
Furthermore, the spreading amount of the sulfur powder is 400-500 kg/hectare, 2-3 days before spreading and 2-3 days after spreading, so that the area to be planted is ensured not to rain.
Further, the application amount of the improved fertilizer is 100-400 kg/mu.
Further, the plowing times are 5 times, and the plowing times are specifically carried out according to the following modes: turning for 1 st to 2 times, wherein turning is carried out on sunny days, the turning depth is 50-80 cm, and the time interval between the turning for the 1 st time and the turning for the 2 nd time is 1-1.5 months; ploughing 3 to 4 times, ploughing on sunny days with the depth of ploughing 70-100 cm, and ploughing 3 to 4 times with the interval time of 2-4 months; and (4) ploughing for the 5 th time, ploughing on a sunny day with the ploughing depth of 80-100 cm, and ploughing interval between the 4 th time and the 5 th time being at least 1 month.
Further, 1-3 year old cottage poplar seedlings are selected for planting.
Furthermore, the waste is one or more of weeds, dead branches, sawdust, rice hulls, straws and branches and leaves.
Furthermore, the doping amount of the waste is 15-30%.
Furthermore, the fine soil doped with the waste is paved into a circular ring shape around the planting hole, and the paved diameter is 1-3 times of the inner diameter of the top of the planting hole.
Further, the cottage poplar seedling is carried out by the following steps:
taking the middle lower part of the first-level poplar seedling or the second-level poplar seedling as a stock, cutting off the stock from a position 10-25 cm away from the ground, selecting poplar flowering branches with 2-3 effective buds, cutting off the flowering branches with 10-15 cm, grafting the flowering branches onto the stock, bundling, planting, and watering in time according to the moisture content to obtain the poplar seedling.
Furthermore, the distance between the concealed pipe and the ground is 60-200 cm, and the area of the diamond-shaped area is 6-10 m 2 。
Further, the poplar is populus alba, populus euphratica 23, populus tremuloides 43, populus alba 3, populus alba 5, populus a15, populus a43 or populus tremula l4.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method aims at the specific land property of the semiarid region, and is easy to form saline-alkali soil, so that the planted poplar grows slowly and has low survival rate. The method comprises the steps of removing saline-alkali soil in a to-be-planted area, applying sulfur powder in a scattering mode, carrying out rotary tillage, and placing for a period of time, wherein the saline-alkali soil can be fully aired through multiple times of tillage, and the sulfur powder is fully mixed with soil. The improved fertilizer reduces the content of saline alkali in soil through maleic anhydride, and the pyroligneous acid plays a role in salt resistance. The biochemical fulvic acid, calcium oxide, phosphogypsum and pyroligneous acid in the improved fertilizer can effectively slow down the salt and alkali in the soil. Plays a role in discharging saline and alkaline by laying a concealed conduit and an open ditch. After the poplar is planted, fine soil doped with wastes is paved, so that water evaporation is prevented, and the poplar is favorable for growth. The scheme of the invention can effectively improve the low survival rate of the poplar and accelerate the growth of the poplar.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting a clear understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the embodiments of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention and should not be interpreted as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The poplar planting method in the semi-arid region is carried out according to the following steps:
1. ploughing the semi-arid land to be planted in 9 months of the year before the poplar is planted; uniformly spreading sulfur powder after ploughing, uniformly mixing with saline-alkali soil, ploughing the semiarid land to be planted again in 4 months of the next year, airing for 3d, applying improved fertilizer, and then carrying out rotary tillage; wherein, after the sulfur powder is spread and applied, the ploughing is carried out for 5 times during the 4 months of the next year; the improved fertilizer comprises, by weight, 60 parts of livestock manure, 40 parts of crop straws, 15 parts of biochar, 1 part of a water-retaining agent, 30 parts of calcium oxide, 25 parts of maleic anhydride, 20 parts of biochemical fulvic acid, 10 parts of pyrolignous acid and 30 parts of phosphogypsum; the plowing is specifically carried out according to the following modes: turning for 1 st to 2 times, wherein turning is carried out on sunny days, the turning depth is 60-70 cm, and the interval time between the turning for the 1 st time and the turning for the 2 nd time is 1.5 months; ploughing 3 to 4 times, ploughing in sunny days with the depth of ploughing 70-80 cm, and ploughing 3 months between the 3 rd time and the 4 th time; turning for the 5 th time, wherein turning is carried out on sunny days, the turning depth is 80-100 cm, and the interval time between the 4 th turning and the 5 th turning is 2 months;
2. ditching the ploughed saline-alkali soil, laying a concealed pipe, digging an open ditch around the semiarid land to be planted, and laying a salt-removing water-collecting pipe network on the lower layer of the semiarid land to be planted; the laying mode of the concealed pipe is as follows: laying a plurality of concealed conduits in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of the area to be planted respectively, forming a plurality of rhombic areas in the area to be planted by the concealed conduits, and communicating the transverse concealed conduits and the longitudinal concealed conduits; the distance between the concealed pipe and the ground is about 160cm, and the area of the diamond area is 8m 2 ；
3. Planting poplar:
1) 1-year-old cottage poplar seedlings are selected for planting, the cottage poplar seedlings are planted in a rhombic area formed by a concealed conduit, fine soil doped with waste is paved on upper-layer soil around the planted poplar seedlings, and the paving thickness of the fine soil is 20cm; covering a film on the fine soil layer, forming through holes on the film, and paving 8cm of soil on the film; the waste is a mixture of weeds, dead branches, sawdust, rice hulls, straws and branches and leaves; the doping amount of the waste is 25%; the fine soil doped with the waste is paved around the planting hole to form a circular ring, and the paved diameter is 2 times of the inner diameter of the top of the planting hole; the selected poplar is Populus tremula; the method for obtaining the cuttage poplar seedlings comprises the following steps: taking the middle lower part of the first-level poplar seedling or the second-level poplar seedling as a stock, cutting off the stock from a position 15cm away from the ground, selecting poplar flowering branches with 2-3 effective buds, cutting off about 15cm flowering branches, grafting the flowering branches onto the stock, bundling, planting, and watering in time according to the soil moisture content to obtain the poplar seedling;
2) And after the poplar seedlings are planted, performing maintenance, pest and disease damage, weeding, fertilization and irrigation management.
The spreading amount of the sulfur powder is 450 kg/hectare, and the sulfur powder is guaranteed not to rainfall in the area to be planted after 3 days before spreading and 3 days after spreading. The application amount of the improved fertilizer is 360 kg/mu.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that: the improved fertilizer comprises, by weight, 50 parts of livestock manure, 20 parts of crop straws, 10 parts of biochar, 0.5 part of a water-retaining agent, 20 parts of calcium oxide, 10 parts of maleic anhydride, 10 parts of biochemical fulvic acid, 5 parts of pyrolignous acid and 20 parts of phosphogypsum; the application amount of the improved fertilizer is 400 kg/mu. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the method comprises the following steps: in 9 months of the previous year for planting poplar, turning over the semi-arid land to be planted, airing for 3d, applying improved fertilizer, and then carrying out rotary tillage; the improved fertilizer comprises, by weight, 60 parts of livestock manure, 40 parts of crop straws, 15 parts of biochar, 1 part of a water-retaining agent, 30 parts of calcium oxide, 25 parts of maleic anhydride, 20 parts of biochemical fulvic acid, 10 parts of pyroligneous acid and 30 parts of phosphogypsum. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: and step three, conventionally culturing the poplar seedlings, and obtaining the poplar seedlings without cuttage. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: step three: planting 3-year-old cottage poplar seedlings, planting the cottage poplar seedlings in a rhombic area formed by the concealed conduits, covering a film on a planted soil layer, and forming through holes on the film; the selected poplar is Populus tremula; the method for obtaining the cuttage poplar seedling comprises the following steps: taking the middle lower part of the first-level poplar seedling or the second-level poplar seedling as a stock, cutting off the stock from a position 15cm away from the ground, selecting poplar flowering branches with 2-3 effective buds, cutting off about 15cm flowering branches, grafting the flowering branches onto the stock, bundling, planting, and watering in time according to the soil moisture content to obtain the poplar seedling. The rest is the same as in example 1.
By examining the growth indexes of the poplar 2 years after planting in the examples 1 and 2 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, the salt content of the soil in the area to be planted before planting is more than 0.71%.
Group of Survival rate (%) Tree height (cm) Chest diameter (mm) Soil salt content (%)
Example 1 94 4.38 5.36 0.143
Example 2 92 4.13 5.02 0.375
Comparative example 1 83 3.96 4.81 0.586
Comparative example 2 86 4.08 4.95 0.151
Comparative example 3 91 4.22 5.16 0.314
From the above data, it can be seen that the methods of examples 1 and 2 can significantly improve the growth and survival rate of poplar in semiarid regions with high saline and alkaline contents, and the effect of removing the saline content in soil is also significant. In the embodiments 1 and 2, compared with a comparative example, the combination of the technical means of spreading sulfur powder, ploughing, improving fertilizer, cutting poplar seedlings and fine soil doped with waste realizes the improvement of the growth amount and the survival rate of poplar.

Claims (10)

1. A poplar planting method in a semi-arid region is characterized by being carried out according to the following steps:
1. ploughing the semi-arid land to be planted in 7-11 months of the previous year of planting poplar; uniformly spreading sulfur powder after plowing, uniformly mixing with the saline-alkali soil, plowing the semiarid land to be planted again after 3-5 months of the next year, airing for 1-5 d, applying an improvement fertilizer, and carrying out rotary tillage again; wherein, 3 to 5 times of plowing is carried out after sulfur powder is spread and till 3 to 5 months in the next year;
the improved fertilizer consists of 50 to 60 portions of livestock manure, 20 to 40 portions of crop straw, 10 to 15 portions of biochar, 0.5 to 1 portion of water-retaining agent, 20 to 30 portions of calcium oxide, 10 to 25 portions of maleic anhydride, 10 to 20 portions of biochemical fulvic acid, 5 to 10 portions of pyrolignous acid and 20 to 30 portions of phosphogypsum in portion by weight;
2. ditching the ploughed saline-alkali soil, laying a concealed pipe, digging an open ditch around the semiarid land to be planted, and laying a salt-removing water-collecting pipe network on the lower layer of the semiarid land to be planted; the laying mode of the concealed pipe is as follows: laying a plurality of concealed pipes along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of the area to be planted respectively, forming a plurality of rhombic areas in the area to be planted by the concealed pipes, wherein the transverse concealed pipes are communicated with the longitudinal concealed pipes;
3. planting poplar:
1) Selecting a cuttage poplar seedling for planting, planting the cuttage poplar seedling in a diamond area formed by a concealed conduit, and paving fine soil doped with waste on the upper soil layer around the planted poplar seedling, wherein the paving thickness of the fine soil is 10-20 cm; covering a film on the fine soil layer, forming through holes on the film, and paving 5-10 cm of soil on the film;
2) And after the poplar seedlings are planted, performing maintenance, pest and disease damage, weeding, fertilization and irrigation management.
2. The poplar planting method in the semiarid region according to claim 1, wherein the sulfur powder is applied at a rate of 400-500 kg/ha, 2-3 days before application and 2-3 days after application to ensure that the region to be planted does not rain.
3. The method for planting poplar in semiarid region according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the improved fertilizer applied is 100-400 kg/mu.
4. The method for planting poplar in semiarid region according to claim 1, wherein the plowing is performed 5 times, specifically as follows: turning for 1 st to 2 times, wherein turning is carried out on sunny days, the turning depth is 50-80 cm, and the time interval between the turning for the 1 st time and the turning for the 2 nd time is 1-1.5 months; ploughing 3 to 4 times, ploughing on sunny days with the depth of ploughing 70-100 cm, and ploughing 3 to 4 times with the interval time of 2-4 months; and (5) ploughing on sunny days, wherein the ploughing depth is 80-100 cm, and the interval time between the ploughing of the 4 th time and the ploughing of the 5 th time is at least 1 month.
5. The poplar planting method in the semiarid region according to claim 1, wherein the waste is one or more of weeds, dead branches, sawdust, rice hulls, straws, branches and leaves.
6. The method for planting poplar in semiarid region according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the doping amount of the waste is 15-30%.
7. The method for planting poplar in semiarid region according to claim 1, wherein the fine soil layer doped with the waste is laid in a circle around the planting hole, and the laid diameter is 1-3 times of the inner diameter of the top of the planting hole.
8. The method for planting poplar in semiarid region according to claim 1, wherein the cottage of poplar is performed by:
taking the middle lower part of the first-level poplar seedling or the second-level poplar seedling as a stock, cutting off the stock from a position 10-25 cm away from the ground, selecting poplar flowering branches with 2-3 effective buds, cutting off the flowering branches with 10-15 cm, grafting the flowering branches onto the stock, bundling, planting, and watering in time according to the moisture content to obtain the poplar seedling.
9. The method for planting poplar in semiarid region according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the concealed pipe and the ground is 60-200 cm, and the area of the diamond region is 6-10 m 2 。
10. The method for planting poplar in semiarid region according to claim 1, wherein the poplar is populus alba, populus euphratica 23, populus tremuloides 43, populus alba 3, populus alba 5, populus alniformis a15, populus alniformis a43 or populus tremula l4.
CN202211314117.8A 2022-10-25 2022-10-25 Poplar planting method in semi-arid region Pending CN115486316A (en)

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