CN105660022A - Efficient secondary rice fertilization method - Google Patents
Efficient secondary rice fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105660022A CN105660022A CN201610049112.5A CN201610049112A CN105660022A CN 105660022 A CN105660022 A CN 105660022A CN 201610049112 A CN201610049112 A CN 201610049112A CN 105660022 A CN105660022 A CN 105660022A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient secondary rice fertilization method, comprising: determining rice nitrogen fertilizer usage according to practical soil fertility of a rice field, applying an application ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, applying base fertilizer during deep plowing, and applying ear fertilizer; applying the base fertilizer twice, with first application after in after plowing, applying 70% of the base fertilizer into plowed furrows, carrying out rotary cultivation to mix the fertilizer with topsoil, irrigating with shallowly after rotary cultivation and raking flatly, applying the remaining 20% of the fertilizer to the rice field after first raking, and carrying out second raking; applying once or twice nitrogen ear fertilizer, 40% of urea and 60% of sustained release fertilizer.The high-yield efficient double-fertilization method of Indica rice and Japonica rice hybrids is innovatively provided herein, and the base fertilizer is distributed reasonably in the topsoil; the nitrogen fertilizer is applied fewer times, the base fertilizer and the ear fertilizer are applied twice separately, the usage of nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, 2-4 kg of nitrogen fertilizer is averagely applied per mu, nitrogen fertilizer utilization is increased by 15%, and the yield of Indica rice and Japonica rice hybrids is increased by about 5%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to farm crop technical field of fertilizer application, particularly relate to a kind of rice high efficient two fertilizing methods.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer is to the contribution rate of crop yield between 40%-60%, and using chemical fertilizer is the most important technical measures of increasing production of rice. But irrational fertilising often causes plant recovery of nutrient low, not only have impact on the economic benefit of fertilising, and excessive nutrient outflows with water, it is possible to become potential source of pollution. In agriculture production, traditional fertilising is by peasant household or plants grain rich and influential family and use according to rice growing season, and general nitrogenous fertilizer mainly divides the 3-4 phase, use base manure before namely transplanting, transplant after 5-7 days use tiller fertilizer, Jointing stage uses ear manuer and Grain Filling is mended and executed granulated fertilizer. In traditional fertilising, the fertile applicating ratio of base tiller is relatively big, and tiller is fertile and base manure time of application interval is very short, but this one-phase rice root is few, and plant is little, and the demand of nitrogenous fertilizer is less, will cause a large amount of loss of nitrogen fertilizer; Meanwhile, base tiller fertilizer is used many, the Leaf nitrogen content height in tillering phase, and a large amount of generation of tillering, causes producing a large amount of ineffective tillering, and group structure is deteriorated, and disease and pest is serious, and the problems such as lodging easily occurs in the later stage. And concrete fertilizer uses how much because kind, region difference exist very big-difference, cause fertilizer to execute more, run off serious.
The problems such as rice field exists amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer height on producing, and number of times is more and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is on the low side. Particularly in recent years, along with breeding tactics progress, in succession it is bred as and has promoted the Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice combination that one batch of output height, product are of fine quality, this veriety has the characteristics and advantages that growth potential is strong, increment big, big panicle many grains per panicle, yield potential are big, yield level has increased significantly really, also huge economic results in society are achieved, but grouting time length is more than 2 times of common rice, it usually needs 60-80 days. For playing Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice high yield potential in production, nitrogen fertilizer amount is higher, and every mu of nitrogen fertilizer amount is more than 20 kilograms usually. Current Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice nitrogen application mainly adopts tradition base manure, tiller fertilizer and ear manuer 3-4 application process and quick-acting chemical nitrogen fertilizer.
In traditional fertilising, the fertile applicating ratio of base tiller is relatively big, and tiller fertilizer is generally used after rice transplanting is turned green, and base manure time of application interval is very short. In production on the basis of base manure surface applied, imposing tiller fertilizer, owing to this time rice root is few, plant is little, and the demand of nitrogenous fertilizer is less, causes a large amount of loss of nitrogen fertilizer. Meanwhile, a large amount of base tiller fertilizer, tillering phase, Leaf nitrogen content height, produced to tiller in a large number, causes control tiller difficulty, causes a large amount of ineffective tillering, and group structure is deteriorated, and disease and pest is serious, and the problems such as lodging easily occurs in the later stage. Paddy rice ear manuer is generally used between paddy rice Jointing stage, and consumption is big, and the fertilizer effectiveness peak height of quick-acting chemical nitrogen fertilizer, time are short, cause upper blade excessively long, there is lodging risk. Owing to this is Leaf nitrogen content height, high joint position axillary bud sprouting, forms a large amount of ineffective tillering, causes redundancy growth and colony to be deteriorated, and sick worm occurs. A large amount of in soil nitrogen element, can not the fast absorption effective element that applied fertilizer and expect, cause a large amount of fertilizer loss, fertilizer utilization efficiency is not high. And Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice spends the rear filling stage long, the later stage declines because of soil nitrogen, occurs that plant is de-fertile, causes leaf presenility, affect leaf photosynthesis effect, decrease photosynthate, finally causes setting percentage and thousand seed weight decline, and output is not high.
For Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice growth and uptake characters, innovating its twice fertilizing method and technology, for Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice increases production stable yields, and sick worm occurs with reducing to subtract nitrogen synergy, it is provided that the technology that big area is produced, it is achieved green production.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of rice high efficient two fertilizing methods, it is intended to solving traditional fertilising rate of fertilizer application big, number of times is many, base manure, ear manuer interval number of days are short, cause ineffective tillering to increase, a large amount of loss of nitrogen fertilizer, disease and pest is serious, and the problems such as lodging easily occurs in the later stage.
The present invention realizes like this, a kind of rice high efficient two fertilizing methods, and the method comprises the following steps:
The determination of nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice consumption: actual according to rice field soil fertility, 10 kilograms-12 kilograms, the pure nitrogen of the double cropping of rice every mu that per mu yield is 500 kilograms, 12 kilograms-16 kilograms, per mu yield 600 kilograms of-700 kilograms of single harvest rice every mu of pure nitrogen, per mu yield 800 kilograms single season Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice mu execute 16-19 kilogram, pure nitrogen; Phosphate fertilizer is used as base manure, and potash fertilizer makes base manure in the ratio of 5:5 and ear manuer is used;
Nitrogen application ratio: base manure nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 60-70% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 30-40% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and base manure and ear manuer fertilizer ratio are 40% urea+60% slow-release fertilizer;
Bulk application during deep ploughing: base manure divides twice property to use, once after ploughing, use the 70% of base manure fertilizer, being applied by fertilizer in the ditch dug with a plow turned over, then, fertilizer is mixed by rotary tillage with topsoil soils, irrigate shallow water after rotary tillage to rake, after first time rakes, 30% remaining fertilizer is applied rice field, then carry out raking for the second time; First time base manure nitrogenous fertilizer is distributed as lower how upper few like this, and second time fertilizer is that face is executed substantially, reaches base manure fertilizer and more reasonably distributes at topsoil, reaches the object of deep application of fertilizer.
Using of ear manuer: 40% urea+60% slow-release fertilizer selected by ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer, adopt and use for once or two times, the employing that large spike ear manuer consumption is big uses for two times, paddy field moisture is generally fallen dry by ear manuer naturally before using, apply fertilizer when face, field is moistening, within the 2nd day, irrigate again, reach 3 centimetres of-5 centimetres of water layers, the fertilizer of thawing is seeped in topsoil in company with under moisture, reaches dark fertilization effect;
Further, described base manure nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 60-70% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 30-40% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and fertilizer ratio is 40% urea+60% slow-release fertilizer, and slow-release fertilizer slow-release period is 70d.
Further, whole before paddy rice plantation in bulk application during described deep ploughing, can turn under soil humidity state, in conjunction with rotary tillage bulk application of deep ploughing.
Further, the middle ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer of using of described ear manuer selected for 40% urea+60% slow-release fertilizer slow-release period be 70d.
Further, method for planting is planted identical with other cultivating methods with density, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and the irrigation method except illustrating.
Traditional fertilising rate of fertilizer application is big, and number of times is many, and base manure, ear manuer interval number of days are short, cause ineffective tillering to increase, a large amount of loss of nitrogen fertilizer, and disease and pest is serious, and the problems such as lodging easily occurs in the later stage.
For the shortcoming of prior art, the present invention innovates twice fertilization method of a kind of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice high-yield and high-efficiency, and namely base manure and ear manuer are each once, and adopt base manure deeply to execute technology, reach base manure reasonable layout in topsoil; Rational proportioning instant nitrogenousfertilizer and slow release fertilizer, reach to subtract and execute efficiently. Test shows, single harvest rice river in Zhejiang Province excellent 538, traditional fertilization method, mu nitrogen fertilizer application 17 kilograms, point three fertilisings, output 685.5 kilograms, the present invention's two fertilization methods, mu nitrogen fertilizer application 14.5 kilograms, output 708.6 kilograms. Reduce nitrogen fertilizer amount every mu and save 2.5 kilograms, nitrogenous fertilizer, it is to increase nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency 18%, and improve Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice output about 3.1%. Also reduce nitrogen application number of times, it is achieved base manure and ear manuer twice fertilising.
The present invention strengthens plant lodging resistance, prevents rice lodging. Improve group structure, reduce ineffective tillering, it is to increase the percentage of earbearing tiller, reduce sick worm occurrence probability. Improve output 5%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is rice high efficient two fertilizing method schemas that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make the object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated. It is to be understood that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
Instant nitrogenousfertilizer and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer ratio. The instant nitrogenousfertilizer of base manure and ear manuer adopts different ratios and the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer of different time of releasing from slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, base manure 50% quick-acting urea+50% slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (90d), ear manuer 40% quick-acting urea+60% slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (60d)
Base manure employing deeply executes and combination is executed in face. Can turn under soil humidity state, in conjunction with deep ploughing rotary tillage bulk application. Base manure divides twice property to use, and once after ploughing, uses the 70% of base manure fertilizer, is applied by fertilizer in the ditch dug with a plow turned over, and then, fertilizer is mixed by rotary tillage with topsoil soils. Irrigate shallow water after rotary tillage to rake, after first time rakes substantially, 30% remaining fertilizer is applied rice field, then carry out raking for the second time.
Ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer melt water is executed deeply. Paddy field moisture is generally fallen dry by ear manuer naturally before using, irrigate and make face, field moistening, and apply fertilizer, within the 2nd day, irrigate, reach 3-5 centimetre of water layer, is seeped in topsoil by the fertilizer of thawing in company with under moisture, reaches dark fertilization effect.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the application principle of the present invention is further described.
A kind of rice high efficient two fertilizing methods, the method comprises the following steps:
S101: the determination of nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice consumption, actual according to rice field soil fertility, 10-12 kilogram, the double cropping of rice every mu pure nitrogen of general per mu yield 500 kilograms, 12-16 kilogram, per mu yield 600 kilograms-700 kilograms every mu pure nitrogen, per mu yield 700-800 kilogram single season Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice mu execute 16-19 kilogram, pure nitrogen.Fertilizer is used as base manure, and potash fertilizer is used in the most base manure of the ratio of 5:5 and ear manuer;
S102: nitrogen application ratio: base manure nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 60-70% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, in ear manuer, nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 30-40% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and ear manuer fertilizer ratio is 40% urea+60% slow-release fertilizer (70d slow-release period);
S103: bulk application during deep ploughing: before paddy rice is planted wholely, can turn under soil humidity state, in conjunction with deep ploughing rotary tillage bulk application. Base manure divides twice property to use, and once after ploughing, uses the 70% of base manure fertilizer, is applied by fertilizer in the ditch dug with a plow turned over, and then, fertilizer is mixed by rotary tillage with topsoil soils. Irrigate shallow water after rotary tillage to rake, after first time rakes substantially, 30% remaining fertilizer is applied rice field, then carry out raking for the second time. First time base manure nitrogenous fertilizer is distributed as lower how upper few like this, and second time fertilizer is that face is executed substantially, reaches base manure fertilizer and more reasonably distributes at topsoil, reaches the object of deep application of fertilizer;
S104: the application process of ear manuer, 40% urea+60% slow-release fertilizer (70d slow-release period) selected by ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer, can use for once or two times, big can the using for two times of large spike ear manuer consumption. Paddy field moisture is generally fallen dry by ear manuer naturally before using, apply fertilizer when face, field is moistening, within the 2nd day, irrigate, reach 3-5 centimetre of water layer, is seeped in topsoil by the fertilizer of thawing in company with under moisture, reaches dark fertilization effect.
Plant method for planting identical with other cultivating methods with density, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and the irrigation method except illustrating.
Traditional fertilising rate of fertilizer application is big, and number of times is many, and base manure, ear manuer interval number of days are short, cause ineffective tillering to increase, a large amount of loss of nitrogen fertilizer, and disease and pest is serious, and the problems such as lodging easily occurs in the later stage.
For the shortcoming of prior art, the present invention innovates twice fertilization method of a kind of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice high-yield and high-efficiency, and namely base manure and ear manuer are each once, and adopt base manure deeply to execute technology, reach base manure reasonable layout in topsoil; Rational proportioning instant nitrogenousfertilizer and slow release fertilizer, reach to subtract and execute efficiently. Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice twice fertilizing method and technology, can not only reduce nitrogen application number of times, it is achieved base manure and ear manuer twice fertilising, and reduce nitrogen fertilizer amount, on average save 2-4 kilogram, nitrogenous fertilizer for every mu, it is to increase nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency 15%, and improve Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice output about 3%. For big area produces the fertilizer practice providing high and stable yields green.
The present invention strengthens plant lodging resistance, prevents rice lodging. Improve group structure, reduce ineffective tillering, it is to increase the percentage of earbearing tiller, reduce sick worm occurrence probability. Improve output 5%.
The foregoing is only the better embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendment, equivalent replacement and improvement etc. done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a rice high efficient two fertilizing methods, it is characterised in that, this fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
The determination of nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice consumption: actual according to rice field soil fertility, 10 kilograms-12 kilograms, the pure nitrogen of the double cropping of rice every mu that per mu yield is 500 kilograms, single season 12 kilograms-16 kilograms, indica hybrid rice every mu of pure nitrogen of per mu yield 600 kilograms-700 kilograms, per mu yield 800 kilograms single season Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice mu execute 16 kilograms-19 kilograms, pure nitrogen; Phosphate fertilizer is used as base manure, and potash fertilizer makes base manure in the ratio of 5:5 and ear manuer is used;
Nitrogen application ratio: base manure nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 60%-70% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer of ear manuer accounts for the 30%-40% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and in base manure and ear manuer, rate of nitrogen fertilizer combination is 40% urea+60% slow-release fertilizer;
Bulk application during deep ploughing: base manure divides twice property to use, once after ploughing, use the 70% of base manure fertilizer, being applied by fertilizer in the ditch dug with a plow turned over, then, fertilizer is mixed by rotary tillage with topsoil soils, irrigate shallow water after rotary tillage to rake, after first time rakes, 30% remaining fertilizer is applied rice field, then carry out raking for the second time;
Using of ear manuer: 40% urea+60% slow-release fertilizer selected by ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer, adopt and use for once or two times, the employing that large spike ear manuer consumption is big uses for two times, paddy field moisture is generally fallen dry by ear manuer naturally before using, apply fertilizer when face, field is moistening, within 2nd day, irrigate again, reach 3 centimetres of-5 centimetres of water layers, the fertilizer of thawing is seeped in topsoil in company with under moisture.
2. rice high efficient two fertilizing methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described nitrogen application ratio step, base manure nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 60%-70% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the nitrogenous fertilizer in ear manuer accounts for the 30%-40% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the slow-release period of slow-release fertilizer is 70d.
3. rice high efficient two fertilizing methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that, during described deep ploughing, bulk application step needs to carry out paddy rice plant before wholely, can turn under soil wettability state, in conjunction with bulk application of deep ploughing, then rotary tillage.
4. rice high efficient two fertilizing methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that, in the step of applying of described ear manuer, 40% urea+60% slow-release fertilizer selected by ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer, and slow-release fertilizer slow-release period is 70d.
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| CN108064644A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-05-25 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method for improving lodging resistance in rice ability |
| CN108718641A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-02 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of grain quality rice nitrogen fertilizing method |
| CN109220642A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2019-01-18 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of paddy rice planting method |
| CN109601096A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-12 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of rice in saline-alkali field |
| CN109757173A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-17 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of fertilizing method twice of machine-transplanted rice |
| CN109952924A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-07-02 | 兴业县嘉沃生态农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of nontoxic rice |
| CN110122022A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of light simple N application method of the rice based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer |
| CN111066408A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-04-28 | 扬州大学 | Machine-transplanting efficient cultivation one-time fertilization method |
| CN111466268A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-07-31 | 扬州大学 | High-yield high-quality simplified fertilization method for preventing rice from premature senility in yellow river old sidewalk region |
| CN114223482A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-25 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Cultivation method for rice by one-time fertilization |
| CN115088450A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-23 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Nutrient-consumption-saving vigorous-root senescence-inhibiting fertilizing method for rice |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109220642A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2019-01-18 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of paddy rice planting method |
| CN109952924A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-07-02 | 兴业县嘉沃生态农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of nontoxic rice |
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| CN109601096A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-12 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of rice in saline-alkali field |
| CN109757173A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-17 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of fertilizing method twice of machine-transplanted rice |
| CN110122022A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of light simple N application method of the rice based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer |
| CN111066408A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-04-28 | 扬州大学 | Machine-transplanting efficient cultivation one-time fertilization method |
| CN111466268A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-07-31 | 扬州大学 | High-yield high-quality simplified fertilization method for preventing rice from premature senility in yellow river old sidewalk region |
| CN111466268B (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2022-06-24 | 扬州大学 | High-yield high-quality simplified fertilization method for preventing rice from premature senility in yellow river old sidewalk region |
| CN114223482A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-25 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Cultivation method for rice by one-time fertilization |
| CN115088450A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-23 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Nutrient-consumption-saving vigorous-root senescence-inhibiting fertilizing method for rice |
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