CN107580937A - Utilize the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil - Google Patents
Utilize the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for improveing salt-soda soil using Chinese tamarisk is planted, this method plantation layer of the covering containing the improving fertilizer suitable for salt-soda soil, plants Chinese tamarisk to improve salt-soda soil by digging discharge conduit, laying metalling, stalk layer and salt discharging pipe.The present invention by measure salt discharges such as ditching, placement salt discharging pipes and prevents the accumulation of salt in the surface soil using physics, chemistry, bioanalysis comprehensive improvement salt-soda soil；The salinity and pH value in salt-soda soil are reduced by the acid chemical in improving fertilizer；The above-mentioned aggregate measures such as the interaction also by the microorganism of improving fertilizer, organic fertilizer, mineral matter and Chinese tamarisk are improved, and are added soil fertility, are improved soil texture, achieve certain social and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to alkaline land improving technical field, specifically, is related to a kind of utilize and plants Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil
Method.
Background technology
Salt-soda soil is most of relevant with the accumulation of the carbonate in soil, and basicity is generally higher, serious salt affected soil
Regional plant can hardly survive.Salt-soda soil is during utilization, briefly, can be divided into light salt-soda soil, moderate saline-alkali soil
And heavy saline.Light salt-soda soil refers to its emergence very likely, and salt content is below 3/1000ths；Heavy saline refers to it
Salt content is more than 6/1000ths, and emergence rate is less than 50%, and moisture in soil pH value causes soil hardening more than 8.5, to crop
Root system has inhibitory action, make crop do not grow or develop it is unhealthy；Moderate saline-alkali soil is then therebetween.For salt-soda soil
Improvement, chemical method has a preferable effect, and chemical modifying is exactly to improve salt-soda soil using some acid salts substances
Property, the acid-base value of soil is reduced, increase the cation replacement ability of soil, reduce the salt content of soil, strengthen micro- in soil
The activity of biology and enzyme, promote plant root growth.Improve the physical property of soil, increase soil granular structure, coordinate soil
Liquid manure gas heat, increases soil fertility.But chemical modifying easily causes chemical composition residual, so, biological modification method becomes
The main flow in market, traditional biological control measure improves salt-soda soil, i.e., easy to implement the method with plant improvement salt-soda soil, economy effect
It is beneficial notable.Biological control measure can gradually change the physical characteristic of soil, soil texture is changed, and quality becomes loose, thoroughly
Gas and water storage capacity enhancing.Therefore, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of utilize plants salt-tolerant plant Chinese tamarisk and can promote salt-soda soil
The improving fertilizer synergy of area's plant growth, is grown to reach the transformation to salt-soda soil by this Fertilizer combination Chinese tamarisk, not only may be used
To improve local soil environment, moreover it is possible to afforest local beach, bring economic benefit.Therefore, Chinese tamarisk is the greening of salinization of soil area
Main cultivated plant, the plantation seeds widelyd popularize for salinization of soil area.
The content of the invention
The present invention seeks to for deficiency of the prior art and defect, there is provided one kind collection physics, chemistry and bioanalysis one
The method that Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil is planted in the utilization of body.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows：
Using the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil, comprise the following steps：
A. ditching is carried out in salt-soda soil, forms discharge conduit and growing area；Metalling is laid in growing area, on metalling
Stalk layer is laid in portion, and stalk layer top laying salt discharging pipe, on salt discharging pipe top, covering is mixed with the improving fertilizer suitable for salt-soda soil
Soil, form plantation layer；
B. build nursery in growing area, ploughed shallowly before sowing, thin rake, whole furrow, scattered seeds and earthing slightly；Or using branch
Cutting propagation；
C. field daily management then, including training, water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
D. autumn Mo or next year go out the growing area that crop field is transplanted in garden；
E. next year and later daily management and harvesting.
Chinese tamarisk also known as Chui Siliu, Chinese tamarisk tops, it is Chinese tamarisk section defoliation small arbor；Originate in all over China；With very strong salt resistance
Alkali ability, can containing saline and alkaline 0.5% -1% saline and alkaline aerial, be the fine tree species of transforming salt-soda soil；The browse of Chinese tamarisk
It is Chinese medicine, using fresh herb or dry use, there are expelling wind and cold pathogens, inducing diaphoresis cough-relieving is risen and dissipates promoting eruption, dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, and the ruffian that disappears is relieved the effect of alcohol.
Preferably, the described improving fertilizer suitable for salt-soda soil changes including microbial bacterial agent, organic fertilizer, mineral matter and acidity
Good liquid, its each component mass ratio are 2~4:80~90:8~10:2~4；
Described microbial bacterial agent includes azotobacter chroococcum, russule, Lasiosphaera fenzlii, trichodermaharzianum, bolete, Su Yun gold gemma bars
Bacterium, thermophilic salt alkalophilic bacillus and gel-shaped bacillus, its mass ratio are 1.8~2.2:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2:0.8~
1.2:0.8~1.2:0.1~0.3:0.1~0.3:0.1~0.3；Described organic fertilizer is 38~42 by mass ratio:28~32:8
~12:8~12:8~12 cow dung, dregs of beans, stalk, turf and humic acid composition；It is 1.8 that described mineral matter, which includes mass ratio,
~2.2:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2:2.8~3.2 desulfurated plaster, borax, perlite, leech
Stone, vivianite stone and rock phosphate in powder；It is 18~22 that described acid improvement liquid, which includes mass ratio,:27~33:18~22:8~12:8
~12:8~12 humic acid, vinegar grain, PLA, maleic anhydride, pyroligneous acid and amino acid.
Wherein, the collective effect of microbial bacterial agent, the formation of soil fertility, including matter and energy in soil are directly participated in
Conversion, the formation and decomposition, the release of nutrient, the fixation of nitrogen etc. of humus, can be hardened with improved soil, excite soil
Vigor, there is provided the hormone and antibiotic of extra natural plants growth, suppress the fungi in soil and nematode and plant root disease
Insect pest, fundamentally reduce the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, improve the quality of crop and agricultural product；Russule, Lasiosphaera fenzlii and bolete conduct
Ectotrophic mycorrhiza can form exotrophic mycorrhiza with many higher plants, improve the resistance of plant, particularly drought-resistant and salt resistance
Alkali ability.
Component in organic fertilizer is mainly to provide the various nutrition needed for plant growth.
Desulfurated plaster can improve alkali-affected soil in mineral matter, can suppress the salt-soda soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil after being mixed with other mineral matters
Outside, nutrient necessary to be provided to crop, heavy metal in soil, morbid substance can be adsorbed, balanced soil nutrient, activates soil
Vigor, promote crop metabolism, improve crop resistance and immunologic function；Rock phosphate in powder can supplement P elements, because VA Mycorrhizal Fungi
Inorganic phosphate can be activated, helps plant to absorb phosphorus.
Acidity improvement liquid can replace, the sodium ion in activating soil colloid and other mineral matter elements, can change rapidly
Good salt-soda soil, improve soil granular structure, improve retain water and nutrients ability, improve crop disease-resistant, drought resisting, anti-adversity ability.
Preferably, the initial addition that improving fertilizer is added in soil in described plantation layer is 1~2 ton every mu.
Preferably, described discharge conduit scrapes out grid-like around growing area.
Preferably, described salt discharging pipe both ends open, to discharge conduit salt discharge buck.
Preferably, the mass ratio of described microbial bacterial agent, organic fertilizer, mineral matter and acid improvement liquid is 3:85:9:3.
Preferably, described azotobacter chroococcum, russule, Lasiosphaera fenzlii, trichodermaharzianum, bolete, bacillus thuringiensis, thermophilic salt
Alkalophilic bacillus and the mass ratio of gel-shaped bacillus are 2:1:1:1:1:0.2:0.2:0.2.
Preferably, the mass ratio of described cow dung, dregs of beans, stalk, turf and humic acid is 40:30:10:10:10.
Preferably, the mass ratio of described desulfurated plaster, borax, sepiolite, medical stone, calcite and rock phosphate in powder is 2:1:
1:1:1:3。
Preferably, the mass ratio of described humic acid, vinegar grain, PLA, maleic anhydride, pyroligneous acid and amino acid is 20:
30:20:10:10:10。
By adopting the above-described technical solution, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
The present invention is arranged using physics, chemistry, bioanalysis comprehensive improvement salt-soda soil by measures such as ditching, placement salt discharging pipes
Salt simultaneously prevents the accumulation of salt in the surface soil；
Acid chemical in improving fertilizer reduces the salinity and pH value in salt-soda soil；
The collective effect of improving fertilizer and Chinese tamarisk increases soil fertility, improves soil texture；
Interacted between microorganism component in improving fertilizer, organic fertilizer of degrading, utilize the salt ion fallen in soil, production acid
PH value is reduced, persistently providing fertility can also solve the problems, such as that plant disease-proof is disease-resistant, and russule, Lasiosphaera fenzlii and bolete therein are used as outer
Raw VA Mycorrhizal Fungi, mycorhiza can be formed with plant, improve stress resistance of plant, promote the growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphobacteria around root system, be
Plant provides the nutrients such as nitrogen phosphorus, so as to promote growth and development of plants；Meanwhile the photosynthesis of plant also provides carbon for VA Mycorrhizal Fungi
The nutrition such as source.
In a word, the present invention is improved by comprehensive method to salt-soda soil, is effectively increased soil fertility, is improved soil
Earth structure, and achieve certain social and economic benefit.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment one, Chinese tamarisk plantation
A. treating the salt-soda soil of desalination every long 500 meters, wide 5 meters of progress ditching, formation discharge conduit and growing area；Planting
10 centimetres of metallings of laying prevent the accumulation of salt in the surface soil among growing area, lay salt discharging pipe on metalling top, it is necessary to when can implement to irrigate salt discharge；
One layer 3~5 centimetres of stalk layer is laid between metalling top and salt discharging pipe, covering is mixed with suitable for salt on salt discharging pipe top
The soil of the improving fertilizer on alkali ground, the improving fertilizer of every mu of addition is 1~2 ton, forms plantation layer；
B. nursery is built in growing area, is ploughed shallowly before sowing, thin rake, whole furrow, furrow are wide 1.2 meters；The plant collection vigorous from growing way
Seed, it is placed in place's storage of sheltering from heat or light.Ground is first irrigated before sowing, seed is uniformly then spread on earth's surface；Appropriate sand one can be mixed into
Rise and broadcast sowing, spread one layer of fine earth covering, 8 days or so Qi Miao after broadcasting again；It is noted that watering, keeps ground moistening during emergence；Or
Bred using branch cutting：Cutting propagation spring and autumn can be carried out；Growing way is healthy and strong, chooses 1 li of diameter on plant of no disease and pests harm
1 year raw branch of rice grows 15 centimetres as cuttings, cuttings；Furrow are wide 1.5 meters, 50 centimetres of line-spacing, 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows；Cuttings is used before inserting
ABT root-inducing powders are stained with, pours permeable after inserting, was poured once every 8 days later permeable；
C. field daily management then, First Year do not need pruning, are added after autumn once if not transplanting then
Improving fertilizer, should be gravied with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles water immediately after plant, and two water are poured after 7 days, and three water were poured after 10 days, the watering of this backsight soil moisture content, total
Principle be it is peaceful it is wet do not do, but unsuitable ponding；Autumn end, which pours, irrigates freeze-up water；And attention control pest and disease damage；
D. autumn Mo or next year go out the growing area that crop field is transplanted in garden, if sowing plantation, because growth fraction comparatively dense,
Need to be transplanted, first dug plant pit as needed during transplanting, and appropriate improving fertilizer is added in plant pit, then planted
Plant；
E. next year and later daily management, should be gravied with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles water immediately after transplanting, and two water are poured after 7 days, and three water, autumn were poured after 10 days
After add an improving fertilizer, autumn end, which pours, irrigates freeze-up water, and attention control pest and disease damage；After length to certain altitude, selected thereon
Select two or three of branches being evenly distributed and make major branch, autumn foot couple major branch carries out cutting back, cultivates side shoot, timely to the useless branch on side shoot
Remove；It can be applied fertilizer by the method for Second Year within 3rd year；Enter normal management after 3 years, need to only be grown by natural precipitation；As plant grows
Gesture is normal, can Shaoshi fertilizer or do not apply fertilizer.Because the browse of Chinese tamarisk is Chinese medicine, sees plant strain growth situation timely collecting and dry
It is dry, it is stand-by.
Embodiment two, suitable for salt-soda soil improving fertilizer production
A. ferment azotobacter chroococcum, trichodermaharzianum, bacillus thuringiensis, thermophilic salt alkalophilic bacillus and gel-shaped brood cell's bar
Bacterium, bacterium powder is made；Carry out artificial growth russule, Lasiosphaera fenzlii and bolete in wild environment and collect conidia powder, and by azotobacter chroococcum,
Russule, Lasiosphaera fenzlii, trichodermaharzianum, bolete, bacillus thuringiensis, the mass ratio of thermophilic salt alkalophilic bacillus and gel-shaped bacillus
0.8:0.8:0.8:1.2:1.2:0.3:0.3:0.1, mix to obtain 20 kilograms of microbial bacterial agent；
B. choose local dregs of beans, cow dung, the stalk of various plants being readily obtained to crush after drying, then with cow dung, beans
The dregs of rice, stalk, turf, the mass ratio of humic acid are 38:28:10:12:12 mixing, are made 840 kilograms of organic fertilizer；
C. in mass ratio 1.8:0.8:0.8:1.2:1.2:3.2 by desulfurated plaster, borax, perlite, vermiculite, vivianite stone
Mixed with rock phosphate in powder, shape of claying into power, combine 100 kilograms of metallogenic material；
D. it is 22 in mass ratio by humic acid, PLA, maleic anhydride, pyroligneous acid and amino acid each component:32:18:18:
10 mix, and 40 kilograms of liquid of improvement is made；
E. 1.0 tons of improving fertilizer first fertilizer, granulation or direct packaging are mixed into product by obtained as above.
Embodiment three, suitable for salt-soda soil improving fertilizer production
A. ferment azotobacter chroococcum, trichodermaharzianum, bacillus thuringiensis, thermophilic salt alkalophilic bacillus and gel-shaped brood cell's bar
Bacterium, bacterium powder is made；Carry out artificial growth russule, Lasiosphaera fenzlii and bolete in wild environment and collect conidia powder, and by azotobacter chroococcum,
Russule, Lasiosphaera fenzlii, trichodermaharzianum, bolete, bacillus thuringiensis, the mass ratio of thermophilic salt alkalophilic bacillus and gel-shaped bacillus
1.2:1.2:1.2:0.8:0.8:0.1:0.1:0.3 mixes to obtain 30 kilograms of microbial bacterial agent；
B. choose local dregs of beans, cow dung, the stalk of various plants being readily obtained to crush after drying, then with cow dung, beans
The dregs of rice, stalk, turf, the mass ratio of humic acid are 40:32:12:8:8 mixing, are made 850 kilograms of organic fertilizer；
C. in mass ratio 2.2:1.2:1.2:0.8:0.8:3.0 by desulfurated plaster, borax, sepiolite, glauconite, vivianite
Stone and rock phosphate in powder mixing, shape of claying into power, combine 90 kilograms of metallogenic material；
D. it is 18 in mass ratio by humic acid, PLA, maleic anhydride, pyroligneous acid and amino acid each component:28:22:22:
10 mix, and 30 kilograms of liquid of improvement is made；
E. 1.0 tons of improving fertilizer first fertilizer, granulation or direct packaging are mixed into product by obtained as above.
Example IV, suitable for salt-soda soil improving fertilizer production
A. ferment azotobacter chroococcum, trichodermaharzianum, bacillus thuringiensis, thermophilic salt alkalophilic bacillus and gel-shaped brood cell's bar
Bacterium, bacterium powder is made；Carry out artificial growth russule, Lasiosphaera fenzlii and bolete in wild environment and collect conidia powder, and by azotobacter chroococcum,
Russule, Lasiosphaera fenzlii, trichodermaharzianum, bolete, bacillus thuringiensis, the mass ratio of thermophilic salt alkalophilic bacillus and gel-shaped bacillus
1:1:1:1:1:0.2:0.2:0.2 mixes to obtain 40 kilograms of microbial bacterial agent；
B. choose local dregs of beans, cow dung, the stalk of various plants being readily obtained to crush after drying, then with cow dung, beans
The dregs of rice, stalk, turf, the mass ratio of humic acid are 40:30:10:10:5:5 mixing, are made 860 kilograms of organic fertilizer；
C. in mass ratio 2:1:1:1:1:2.8 by desulfurated plaster, borax, sepiolite, glauconite, vivianite stone and rock phosphate in powder
Mixing, shape of claying into power, combine 80 kilograms of metallogenic material；
D. it is 20 in mass ratio by humic acid, PLA, maleic anhydride, pyroligneous acid and amino acid each component:30:20:20:
10 mix, and 20 kilograms of liquid of improvement is made；
E. 1.0 tons of improving fertilizer first fertilizer, granulation or direct packaging are mixed into product by obtained as above.
Embodiment five, reclamation result
The experiment for the Chinese tamarisk plantation alkaline land soil improved effect that Weifang littoral area planting base is carried out, soil contains before experiment
Salt amount 0.78%, pH value 9.3, while two controls are set, one is the plot (control 1) for only using the step a processing of the present invention,
Another is the plot (control 2) that step a is not added with improving fertilizer；Plantation Chinese tamarisk measures salt content 0.11%, pH value 7.3 after 3 years.
Other indexs are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 apply fertilizer and plant Chinese tamarisk after 3 years soil nutrient content change
From table 1 it follows that each component content has almost no change in control 2；Control 1 because with the addition of fertilizer, but
There is no any management, although each component content ratio is improved before being not added with fertilizer, this raising is to apply the component that fertilizer is brought
Change, idle by 3 years, its nutritional ingredient also has part to be lost in；And this experiment is applied fertilizer and plants Chinese tamarisk after 3 years by three kinds
Ameliorative measure is used in combination, and its nutritional components changes greatly, and has reached the purpose in improvement salt-soda soil.
It should be understood that these embodiments are only illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.In addition, it is to be understood that
After the content of the invention lectured has been read, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, these
The equivalent form of value equally falls within the application appended claims limited range.
Claims (10)
1. utilize the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A. ditching is carried out in salt-soda soil, forms discharge conduit and growing area；Metalling is laid in growing area, is spread on metalling top
If stalk layer, stalk layer top laying salt discharging pipe, on salt discharging pipe top, covering is mixed with the soil of the improving fertilizer suitable for salt-soda soil,
Form plantation layer；
B. build nursery in growing area, ploughed shallowly before sowing, thin rake, whole furrow, scattered seeds and earthing slightly；Or using branch cutting
Breeding；
C. field daily management then, including training, water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
D. autumn Mo or next year go out the growing area that crop field is transplanted in garden；
E. next year and later daily management and harvesting.
2. as claimed in claim 1 utilize the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：It is described be applied to it is saline and alkaline
It is 2~4 that the improving fertilizer on ground, which includes microbial bacterial agent, organic fertilizer, mineral matter and acid improvement liquid, its each component mass ratio,:80~
90:8~10:2~4；
The microbial bacterial agent includes azotobacter chroococcum, russule, Lasiosphaera fenzlii, trichodermaharzianum, bolete, bacillus thuringiensis, thermophilic
Salt alkalophilic bacillus and gel-shaped bacillus, its mass ratio are 1.8~2.2:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2:0.8
~1.2:0.1~0.3:0.1~0.3:0.1~0.3；
The organic fertilizer is 38~42 by mass ratio:28~32:8~12:8~12:8~12 cow dung, dregs of beans, stalk, turf
Formed with humic acid；
It is 1.8~2.2 that the mineral matter, which includes mass ratio,:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2:2.8~
3.2 desulfurated plaster, borax, sepiolite, medical stone, calcite and rock phosphate in powder；
It is 18~22 that the acid improvement liquid, which includes mass ratio,:27~33:18~22:8~12:8~12:8~12 humic acid,
Vinegar grain, PLA, maleic anhydride, pyroligneous acid and amino acid.
3. as claimed in claim 1 utilize the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：Change in the plantation layer
The initial addition that good fertilizer is added in soil is 1~2 ton every mu.
4. as claimed in claim 1 utilize the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：The discharge conduit encloses
Scraped out around growing area grid-like.
5. as claimed in claim 1 utilize the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：The salt discharging pipe both ends
Opening.
6. as claimed in claim 2 utilize the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：The microbial bacteria
Agent, organic fertilizer, mineral matter and the acid mass ratio for improveing liquid are 3:85:9:3.
7. as claimed in claim 2 utilize the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：The brown fixed nitrogen of circle
Bacterium, russule, Lasiosphaera fenzlii, trichodermaharzianum, bolete, bacillus thuringiensis, the matter of thermophilic salt alkalophilic bacillus and gel-shaped bacillus
Amount is than being 2:1:1:1:1:0.2:0.2:0.2.
8. as claimed in claim 2 utilize the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：The cow dung, dregs of beans,
The mass ratio of stalk, turf and humic acid is 40:30:10:10:10.
9. as claimed in claim 2 utilize the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：The desulfurated plaster,
Borax, sepiolite, medical stone, the mass ratio of calcite and rock phosphate in powder are 2:1:1:1:1:3.
10. as claimed in claim 2 utilize the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that：The humic acid, vinegar
Grain, PLA, maleic anhydride, the mass ratio of pyroligneous acid and amino acid are 20:30:20:10:10:10.
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| CN109362268A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-02-22 | 深圳市万卉园景观工程有限公司 | Utilize the method in plantation seashore paspalum improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN112567917A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-30 | 北京师范大学 | Method for improving tamarix chinensis community soil of salt marsh wetland |
| CN113079930A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-09 | 珠海市鑫洋海洋科技有限公司 | Tamarix chinensis seedling culture medium and sowing seedling culture method in coastal tidal flat area |
| CN113079930B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-25 | 珠海市鑫洋海洋科技有限公司 | Tamarix chinensis seedling culture medium and sowing seedling culture method in coastal tidal flat area |
| CN115486316A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-12-20 | 吉林农业大学 | Poplar planting method in semi-arid region |
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