CN102639118B - 氧化稳定的抗干扰剂型 - Google Patents
氧化稳定的抗干扰剂型 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102639118B CN102639118B CN201080033849.9A CN201080033849A CN102639118B CN 102639118 B CN102639118 B CN 102639118B CN 201080033849 A CN201080033849 A CN 201080033849A CN 102639118 B CN102639118 B CN 102639118B
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有至少300N的破裂强度的热成型药物剂型,所述剂型包含-药理活性成分(A)、-药物剂型总重量的0.001重量%至5.0重量%的量的生理学可接受的游离酸(B),和-重均分子量Mw为至少200,000克/摩尔的聚环氧烷(C)。
Description
本发明涉及对氧化稳定的药物剂型。许多药理活性化合物具有被滥用的可能性,因此有利地以抗干扰(tamper-resistant)药物剂型的形式提供。此类药理活性化合物的突出实例是阿片样物质。
已知滥用者压碎含有阿片样物质的常规片剂以破坏定时释放的“微囊”并随后经口、鼻内、经直肠或通过注射摄取所得粉末。
已经开发出避免药物滥用的各种概念。一种概念取决于药物剂型的机械性质,特别是提高的破裂强度(抗压碎性)。此类药物剂型的主要优点在于不可能或至少基本阻碍通过常规方式(例如在研钵中研磨或借助锤子破碎)粉碎,特别是研末。
此类药物剂型可用于避免其中所含的药理活性化合物的药物滥用,因为它们不能通过常规方式粉化,因此不能以粉末形式例如经鼻施用。这些药物剂型的机械性质,特别是高破裂强度使它们抗干扰。在此类抗干扰药物剂型的情况中,可以参考例如WO 2005/016313、WO 2005/016314、WO 2005/063214、WO 2005/102286、WO 2006/002883、WO 2006/002884、WO 2006/002886、WO 2006/082097、WO 2006/082099和WO 2008/107149。
这些抗干扰药物剂型含有合成或天然聚合物,最通常高分子量聚环氧乙烷,作为基质材料。
聚环氧乙烷,像其它脂族醚那样,可以在氧存在下发生自动氧化以形成氢过氧化物(参见例如C.W.McGary Jr.,J.Polymer Sci.,2003,46,51-57)。所得过氧化物的随后自由基反应造成断链。这些天然老化过程被其它氧化剂催化并被紫外线和/或高温进一步加速。该氧化降解过程高度取决于分子量。高分子量聚环氧乙烷尤其易于发生自动氧化过程并比较低分子量的聚环氧乙烷更快降解。
氧化敏感的药理活性成分,如阿片样物质,如羟吗啡酮、氢吗啡酮和羟考酮也对氧化降解和分解过程敏感。
由于该降解过程,可能严重影响含有可氧化降解的基质材料和/或氧化敏感 的药理活性成分的剂型的性质。例如,可能发生药理活性成分的含量损失以及变色、降低的机械强度和归因于缩短的聚合物链的加速药物释放。破裂强度尤其高度取决于该剂型中所含的聚环氧烷的分子量并因此直接受断链过程影响。
氧化可能由分子氧或由紧邻这些氧化敏感的基质材料和/或药理活性成分的化合物生成的自由基或过氧化物引起。
药物赋形剂本身,例如聚乙二醇可能造成或催化氧化降解,例如在制造药物剂型的方法的过程中。此外,分子氧可能生成所述自由基或过氧化物。
通常,在标准贮存稳定性试验中,例如在加速贮存条件,如40℃/75%相对湿度下监测分解。在这些条件下,降解和分解通常进行得比在环境条件下快。药物核准当局,如CHMP和FDA,和国际协调联盟,如ICH已设立为使药物剂型获批而必须符合的标准贮存稳定性阈值。
在包含可氧化降解的基质材料和/或氧化敏感的药理活性成分的此类药物剂型在制造工艺,如热熔挤出、薄膜涂布等过程中需要暴露在升高的温度下时,出现特定问题。在这些条件下,所述化合物甚至对氧化更敏感。例如,具有提高的破裂强度的药物剂型的几种已知制造方法要求在特定的升高的温度下对含有该药理活性成分的药物组合物施以特定量的压力并保持一段特定时间。根据该药物组合物的成分和它们的量,可以在特定界限内改变温度、压力和时间。但是,如果未满足最低要求,所得药物剂型的破裂强度太低。
因此,用于制造药物剂型,特别是具有提高的破裂强度的药物剂型的一些常规方法需要比较苛刻的工艺条件,因此迄今不适用于氧化敏感的基质材料和/或药理活性成分,例如阿片样物质。特别地,药物赋形剂,如聚环氧乙烷在热熔挤出过程中的断链具有形成自由基由此进一步提高氧化应力的危险。
较低剂量的氧化敏感的药理活性成分常常表现出比较高剂量的氧化降解和分解百分比高。因此,就贮存稳定性而言,含有较低剂量的氧化敏感的药理活性成分的药物剂型需要特别关注。
在M.Munjal等人,J.Pharm.Sciences,95(11),2006,2473-85中描述了氧化机制和化学相互作用对通过热熔法制成的非晶Δ9-四氢大麻酚(非阿片样物质)的聚合体系的稳定性的影响。该研究论证这种高度不稳定的药物的复杂的相互作用性质,包括药物-赋形剂相容性、抗氧化剂的使用、在聚合基质中的交联、微环境pH和湿效应。
K.C.Waterman等人,Pharm.Develop.Tech.7(1),2002,1-32综述了药物的氧化降解稳定性。推荐了用于降低氧化的各种方法。作者得出结论,最后每一药物呈现独特的情况。
WO 2008/107149公开了具有提高的破裂强度的口服剂型,其可含有氧化还原稳定剂,如络合剂,例如EDTA。
WO 2008/086804涉及含有基质组合物的控释组合物,所述基质组合物包含a)聚合物或聚合物混合物、b)活性药物和任选c)一种或多种可药用赋形剂,其没有醇引发的剂量倾卸并在避免药物滥用方面具有优异性质。优选地,该组合物防止通过压碎、熔融和/或乙醇萃取从该组合物中分离和/或溶解出活性药物,由此该组合物防止药物滥用。柠檬酸可作为调味剂存在。实施例2涉及含有7重量%柠檬酸的组合物。
WO 2008/148798公开了长效的成层缓释组合物和确保长效的方式,例如每天一次给药确保活性物质通过胃肠道,即从胃到直肠的最佳吸收。
没有成功抑制药物剂型中可氧化降解的基质材料,如聚环氧乙烷和氧化敏感的药物的氧化降解的一般概念。与特定基质材料或药物相关的复杂的各自氧化机制以及影响氧化过程的多种可能的因素要求大量的调查研究,在每个特定情况下考虑特定的情形。防止剂型发生氧化降解过程的可能的方法是添加抗氧化剂、贮存在惰性气氛下或施加隔氧薄膜涂层。但是,后两种方法难以在制造工艺的所有阶段过程中实施。
进一步已知的是,当剂型暴露在严酷工艺条件下时,例如在制造工艺过程中,尤其加速氧化降解过程。例如,高分子量聚环氧乙烷在热熔挤出时容易降解。但是,聚合物降解可能造成不受控的释放模式,特别是在活性成分包埋在聚环氧乙烷基质中时,这可能是药理活性成分被自由基氧化降解的另一成因。当添加合适的赋形剂如α-生育酚以稳定高分子量聚环氧乙烷时,应考虑到所述赋形剂又可能对药剂的其它成分,例如药理活性化合物的稳定性具有有害作用。
本发明的目的是提供优于现有技术的药物剂型的含有药理活性成分,特别是氧化敏感的阿片样物质的抗干扰药物剂型。该药物剂型应具有改进的贮存稳定性,以使它们可含有甚至较低剂量的氧化敏感的阿片样物质。此外,应该可以通过常规方法在常规条件,例如升高的温度和压力下(例如在通过热熔挤出法热成型的过程中)制备该药物剂型。
已经通过本专利权利要求书的主题解决该目的。
本发明涉及热成型药物剂型,其具有至少300N的破裂强度并包含
-药理活性成分(A),
-药物剂型总重量的0.001至5.0重量%的量的生理学可接受的游离酸(B),和
-重均分子量Mw为至少200,000克/摩尔的聚环氧烷(C)。
已经令人惊讶地发现,通过本发明的药物剂型中合适量的酸(B)的存在,可以防止含有可氧化降解的聚合物,如高分子量聚环氧乙烷的药物剂型发生氧化降解和分解过程。借助这种方法,已经令人惊讶地发现,本发明的剂型的具体材料性质,如破裂强度和活性成分的延迟释放可以保持更长贮存期。
因此,聚合物基质的提高的贮存稳定性体现为贮存时的体外释放模式的改进的稳定性和/或该剂型的机械性质的改进的稳定性。这两种性质都基本依赖于聚合物基质材料。
还已经令人惊讶地发现,某些吗啡喃衍生物,如羟吗啡酮在相应剂型的制造和贮存时氧化降解成N-氧化物(例如羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物,N-氧化物通常据说有毒并可能致癌)并可以通过本发明的药物剂型中合适量的酸(B)的存在抑制形成所述N-氧化物和其它分解产物。
因此,药理活性成分(A)的提高的贮存稳定性分别体现为杂质的减少(如果有的话)和降低药理活性成分(A)贮存时的减少(如果有的话)。
尽管无意受制于任何理论,酸(B)似乎影响药物制剂的微-pH值,由此以某种方式提高其贮存稳定性。因此,就药理活性成分的贮存稳定性而言,酸(B)的稳定化作用可能与该氧化敏感药物的pKA-值相关联。例如羟吗啡酮的pKA-值为8.3。由于它们提高的破裂强度而抗干扰但没有表现出所需贮存寿命的常规羟吗啡酮制剂在分散在水中时产生大约7.5的pH值。在这些条件下,显著量的羟吗啡酮以游离碱(即没有质子化)形式存在,其可能比(质子化的)盐形式对氧化更敏感。
在不存在酸(B)的情况下该剂型倾向于具有米黄色而酸(B)的存在产生更白,例如无色片剂的事实进一步支持这种概念。因此,酸(B)的存在可能降低剂型内的pH值,由此改进药物和/或聚合物的抗氧化降解性。
看起来,酸(B)的酸性负责其稳定化作用而非任何其它性质。无机以及 有机酸都提高该剂型的贮存稳定性的事实支持这种概念。
已经令人惊讶地发现,常规上用于改进药物抗氧化降解性的药物赋形剂,特别是某些抗氧化剂,例如α-生育酚,会降低生产性,并变质而非改进药物抗氧化降解性。
图1显示本发明的实施例L1和L3和对比例L2和L4的药物剂型的体外释放模式。
本发明的药物剂型经热成型,优选通过挤出热成型,尽管也可以使用其它热成型方法制造本发明的药物剂型,如在升高的温度下压模或加热片剂,其在第一步骤中通过常规压制制造并随后在第二步骤中在该片剂中的聚合物的软化温度以上加热以形成硬片剂。在这方面,热成型是指物料在施热后成型或模制。在一个优选实施方案中,该药物剂型通过热熔挤出热成型。
优选地,该药物剂型是整料。该药物剂型优选通过热熔挤出制备。优选将熔体挤出的束切成整料,其随后优选成型成片剂。在这方面,术语“片剂”优选不应被理解为通过粉末或颗粒(compressi)压制制成的剂型,而是成形挤出物。
本发明的药物剂型含有药理活性成分(A),优选氧化敏感的药理活性成分作为组分(A)。对本说明书而言,术语药理活性成分(A)还包括游离碱及其生理学可接受的盐。
对本说明书而言,术语氧化敏感的药理活性成分包括含有一个或多个在氧化降解过程中氧化的官能团的所有药理活性成分。其氧化可能造成药理活性成分对氧化不稳定的官能团是双键,以及醛、酮、羟基、醚、烯二醇、酚和氨基。
本发明的剂型特别优选含有一种或多种药理活性成分(A),其选自
-用于治疗和预防消化系统和代谢疾病的药剂[A];特别是口腔科制剂[A01]、用于治疗和预防酸相关失调症的药剂[A02]、用于治疗和预防功能性胃肠道疾病的药剂[A03]、5-羟色胺5HT3拮抗剂[A04AA]、抗组胺制剂[A04AB]、用于胆汁和肝疗法的药剂[A05]、轻泻药[A06]、肠抗感染药[A07A]、肠吸附剂[A07B]、含碳水化合物的电解质[A07C]、肠抗炎药[A07E]、微生物抗腹泻药(antidiarrhoeals)[A07F]、消化药,包括酶[A09]、糖尿病用药[A10]、维生素[A11]、矿物质[A12]、用于全身用途的同化剂[A14]和食欲 刺激药[A15];
-用于治疗和预防血液和造血器官疾病的药剂[B];特别是抗凝血药[B01]、抗出血药[B02]、抗贫血制剂[B03]和其它血液病药[B06];
-用于治疗和预防心血管系统疾病的药剂[C];特别是用于心脏治疗的药剂[C01]、抗高血压药[C02]、利尿剂[C03]、周围血管扩张药[C04]、血管保护剂(vasoprotectives)[C05]、抗低血压药[C06A]、β-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂[C07]、钙通道阻滞剂[C08]、作用于肾素血管紧张素系统的药剂[C09]和降脂药[C10];
-皮肤病药物[D];特别是全身使用的抗真菌药[D01B]、全身使用的治牛皮癣药[D05B]、全身使用的抗痤疮制剂[D10B];
-用于治疗和预防生殖泌尿系统和性激素的疾病的药剂[G];特别是妇科抗感染药和杀菌剂[G01]、催产药[G02A]、拟交感神经分娩抑制剂[G02CA]、催乳素抑制剂[G02CB]、全身使用的激素避孕药[G03]和泌尿道用药[G04];
-除性激素和胰岛素外的全身激素制剂[H];特别是脑垂体和下丘脑激素和类似物[H01]、全身使用的皮质类固醇[H02]、甲状腺制剂[H03]、胰激素[H04]和调节钙体内平衡的药剂[H05];
-全身使用的抗感染药[J];特别是全身使用的抗生素[J01]、全身使用的杀真菌药[J02]、抗分支杆菌药[J04]、全身使用的抗病毒药[J05]、免疫血清和免疫球蛋白[J06]和疫苗[J07]);
-抗肿瘤和免疫调节药[L](特别是抗肿瘤药[L01]、用于内分泌疗法的药剂[L02]、免疫刺激剂[L03]和免疫抑制剂[L04]);
-用于治疗和预防肌骨骼系统疾病的药剂[M];特别是抗炎和抗风湿剂[M01]、末梢作用的肌肉松弛剂[M03A]、直接作用的肌肉松弛剂[M03C]、抗痛风制剂[M04]和用于治疗骨病的药剂[M05];
-用于治疗和预防神经系统疾病的药剂[N];特别是水杨酸及其衍生物[N02BA]、吡唑啉酮[N02BB]、酰替苯胺[N02BE]、麦角生物碱[N02CA]、皮质类固醇衍生物[N02CB]、选择性5-羟色胺-5HT1激动剂[N02CC]、乙内酰脲衍生物[N03AB]、噁唑烷衍生物[N03AC]、琥珀酰亚胺衍生物[N03AD]、羧酰胺衍生物[N03AF]、脂肪酸衍生物[N03AG]、抗帕金森药物[N04])、抗精神病药物[N05A]、抗抑郁药[N06A]、抗痴呆药[N06D]、拟副交感神经药 [N07A]和抗眩晕制剂[N07C];
-抗寄生虫产品、杀虫剂和驱虫剂[P];特别是抗原生动物药[P01]、驱肠虫药[P02]和杀体外寄生虫药,包括抗疥螨剂、杀虫剂和驱虫剂[P03];
-用于治疗和预防呼吸系统疾病的药剂[R];特别是鼻制剂[R01]、咽喉制剂[R02]、呼吸道阻塞疾病药物[R03]、祛痰药,不包括与镇咳药[R05C]和全身使用的抗组胺药[R06]组合;
-用于治疗和预防感觉器官疾病的药剂[S];特别是耳科学药物[S02];和
-普通饮食产品[V06]和治疗性放射性药物[V10],
其中方括号中所示的缩写在此(和在下文中)对应于WHO用于将药物分类的ATC索引(优选版本:2010)。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的剂型含有一种或多种药理活性成分(A),所述药理活性成分(A)选自用于心脏治疗的药剂[C01],优选选自强心苷[C01A]、抗心律不齐药类别i和iii[C01B]、除强心苷外的心兴奋剂[C01C]、心脏病用的血管扩张剂[C01D]和其它心脏制剂[C01E]。
在另一优选实施方案中,本发明的剂型含有一种或多种药理活性成分(A),所述药理活性成分(A)选自抗高血压药[C02],优选选自中枢作用的抗肾上腺素剂[C02A]、神经节阻断的抗肾上腺素剂[C02B]、末梢作用的抗肾上腺素剂[C02C]、作用于小动脉平滑肌的药剂[C02D]、其它抗高血压药[C02K]、抗高血压药和利尿剂的组合[C021]和抗高血压药在atc-gr.C02中的组合[C02N]。
在再一优选实施方案中,本发明的剂型含有一种或多种药理活性成分(A),所述药理活性成分(A)选自利尿剂[C03],优选选自低效能利尿剂、噻嗪类[C03A]、除噻嗪类外的低效能利尿剂[C03B]、高效能利尿剂[C03C]、保钾剂[C03D]、利尿剂和保钾剂的组合[C03E]和其它利尿剂[C03X]。
在又一优选实施方案中,本发明的剂型含有一种或多种选自周围血管扩张药[C04],优选选自周围血管扩张剂[C04A]的药理活性成分(A)。
在另一优选实施方案中,本发明的剂型含有一种或多种药理活性成分(A),所述药理活性成分(A)选自血管保护剂[C05],优选选自局部使用的用于治疗痔和肛裂的药剂[C05A]、抗静脉曲张疗法[C05B]和毛细管稳定剂[C05C]。
在再一优选实施方案中,本发明的剂型含有一种或多种选自抗低血压药[C06A]的药理活性成分(A)。
在又一优选实施方案中,本发明的剂型含有一种或多种药理活性成分(A),所述药理活性成分(A)选自β-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂[C07],优选选自β阻滞剂[C07A]、β阻滞剂和噻嗪类[C07B]、β阻滞剂和其它利尿剂[C07C]、β阻滞剂、噻嗪类和其它利尿剂[C07D]、β阻滞剂和血管扩张剂[C07E]和β阻滞剂和其它抗高血压药[C07F]。
在另一优选实施方案中,本发明的剂型含有一种或多种药理活性成分(A),所述药理活性成分(A)选自钙通道阻滞剂[C08],优选选自主要具有血管作用的选择性钙通道阻滞剂[C08C]、具有直接心脏作用的选择性钙通道阻滞剂[C08D]、非选择性钙通道阻滞剂[C08E]和钙通道阻滞剂和利尿剂[C08G]。
在再一优选实施方案中,本发明的剂型含有一种或多种药理活性成分(A),所述药理活性成分(A)选自作用于肾素血管紧张素系统的药剂[C09],优选选自普通ACE抑制剂[C09A]、ACE抑制剂组合[C09B]、普通血管紧张素ii拮抗剂[C09C]、血管紧张素ii拮抗剂组合[C09D]和其它作用于肾素血管紧张素系统的药剂[C09X]。
在又一优选实施方案中,本发明的剂型含有一种或多种选自降脂药[c10],优选选自普通调脂药[C10A]和调脂药组合[C10B]的药理活性成分(A)。
在一个优选实施方案中,该药理活性成分(A)是血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂,更优选为选自贝那普利、卡托普利、西拉普利、依那普利、福辛普利、咪达普利、赖诺普利、莫西普利、培哚普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、螺普利、群多普利和佐芬普利的ACE-抑制剂。
在另一优选实施方案中,该药理活性成分是阿片样物质,更优选氧化敏感的阿片样物质,最优选羟吗啡酮或羟考酮。
根据ATC索引,将阿片样物质分成天然阿片生物碱、苯基哌啶衍生物、二苯基丙胺衍生物、苯并吗啡烷衍生物、东罂粟碱衍生物、吗啡喃衍生物等等。天然阿片生物碱的实例是吗啡、鸦片、氢吗啡酮、尼可吗啡、羟考酮、双氢可待因、二乙酰吗啡、阿片全碱和可待因。另一些阿片样物质(A)是例如,乙基吗啡、氢可酮、羟吗啡酮和它们的生理学可接受的衍生物或化合物,优选它们的盐和溶剂合物,优选它们的盐酸盐、生理学可接受的对映异构体、立体异构体、非对映体和外消旋物和它们的生理学可接受的衍生物,优选醚、酯或酰胺。
其它优选的阿片样物质包括N-(1-甲基-2-哌啶乙基)-N-(2-吡啶基)丙酰胺、(1R,2R)-3-(3-二甲基氨基-1-乙基-2-甲基-丙基)酚、(1R,2R,4S)-2-(二甲基氨基)甲基-4-(对-氟苄氧基)-1-(间-甲氧基苯基)环己醇、(1R,2R)-3-(2-二甲基氨基甲基-环己基)酚、(1S,2S)-3-(3-二甲基氨基-1-乙基-2-甲基-丙基)酚、(2R,3R)-1-二甲基氨基-3(3-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-戊-3-醇、(1RS,3RS,6RS)-6-二甲基氨基甲基-1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-环己烷-1,3-二醇,优选为外消旋物形式,2-(4-异丁基-苯基)丙酸3-(2-二甲基氨基甲基-1-羟基-环己基)苯酯、2-(6-甲氧基-萘-2-基)丙酸3-(2-二甲基氨基甲基-1-羟基-环己基)苯酯、2-(4-异丁基-苯基)丙酸3-(2-二甲基氨基甲基-环己-1-烯基)-苯酯、2-(6-甲氧基-萘-2-基)丙酸3-(2-二甲基氨基甲基-环己-1-烯基)-苯酯、(RR-SS)-2-乙酰氧基-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸3-(2-二甲基氨基甲基-1-羟基-环己基)-苯基酯、(RR-SS)-2-羟基-4-三氟甲基-苯甲酸3-(2-二甲基氨基甲基-1-羟基-环己基)-苯基酯、(RR-SS)-4-氯-2-羟基-苯甲酸3-(2-二甲基氨基甲基-1-羟基-环己基)-苯基酯、(RR-SS)-2-羟基-4-甲基-苯甲酸3-(2-二甲基氨基甲基-1-羟基-环己基)-苯基酯、(RR-SS)-2-羟基-4-甲氧基-苯甲酸3-(2-二甲基氨基甲基-1-羟基-环己基)-苯基酯、(RR-SS)-2-羟基-5-硝基-苯甲酸3-(2-二甲基氨基甲基-1-羟基-环己基)-苯基酯、(RR-SS)-2’,4’-二氟-3-羟基-联苯基-4-羧酸3-(2-二甲基氨基甲基-1-羟基-环己基)-苯基酯、1,1-(3-二甲基氨基-3-苯基五亚甲基)-6-氟-1,3,4,9-四氢吡喃并[3,4-b]吲哚,特别是其半柠檬酸盐;1,1-[3-二甲基氨基-3-(2-噻吩基)五亚甲基]-1,3,4,9-四氢吡喃并[3,4-b]吲哚,特别是其柠檬酸盐;和1,1-[3-二甲基氨基-3-(2-噻吩基)五亚甲基]-1,3,4,9-四氢吡喃并[3,4-b]-6-氟-吲哚,特别是其半柠檬酸盐,和相应的立体异构化合物,在每种情况下它们的相应衍生物、生理学可接受的对映异构体、立体异构体、非对映体和外消旋物和它们的生理学可接受的衍生物,例如醚、酯或酰胺,和在每种情况下它们的生理学可接受的化合物,特别是它们的盐和溶剂合物,例如盐酸盐。
优选的阿片样物质具有通式(I)
其中
R1是-H、-OH或-OC1-6-烷基;
R2是-H或-C1-6-烷基;
R3是-H或-OH且R4是-H;或R3和R4一起是=O;且
----是任选双键;
或其生理学可接受的盐。
特别优选的阿片样物质包括羟吗啡酮、羟考酮、氢吗啡酮及其生理学可接受的盐。
但是,在另一优选实施方案中,本发明的药物剂型不含如上定义的任何阿片样物质,优选任何氧化敏感的阿片样物质。
该药物剂型中药理活性成分(A)的含量不限。
优选地,其含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.01至80重量%,更优选0.1至50重量%,再更优选1至25重量%的范围内。在一个优选实施方案中,药理活性成分(A)的含量在该药物剂型总重量的7±6重量%,更优选7±5重量%,再更优选5±4重量%、7±4重量%或9±4重量%,最优选5±3重量%、7±3重量%或9±3重量%,特别是5±2重量%、7±2重量%或9±2重量%的范围内。在另一优选实施方案中,药理活性成分(A)的含量在该药物剂型总重量的11±10重量%,更优选11±9重量%,再更优选9±6重量%、11±6重量%、13±6重量%或15±6重量%,最优选11±4重量%、13±4重量%或15±4重量%,特别是11±2重量%、13±2重量%或15±2重量%的范围内。在进一步优选实施方案中,药理活性成分(A)的含量在该药物剂型总重量的20±6重量%,更优选20±5重量%,再更优选20±4重量%,最优选20±3重量%,特别是20±2重量%的范围内。
优选地,该药物剂型中所含的药理活性成分(A)的总量在0.01至200毫克,更优选0.1至190毫克,再更优选1.0至180毫克,再更优选1.5至160毫 克,最优选2.0至100毫克,特别是2.5至80毫克的范围内。
在一个优选实施方案中,该药理活性成分(A)以7.5±5毫克、10±5毫克、20±5毫克、30±5毫克、40±5毫克、50±5毫克、60±5毫克、70±5毫克、80±5毫克、90±5毫克、100±5毫克、110±5毫克、120±5毫克、130±5、140±5毫克、150±5毫克或160±5毫克的量包含在药物剂型中。在另一优选实施方案中,该药理活性成分(A)以5±2.5毫克、7.5±2.5毫克、10±2.5毫克、15±2.5毫克、20±2.5毫克、25±2.5毫克、30±2.5毫克、35±2.5毫克、40±2.5毫克、45±2.5毫克、50±2.5毫克、55±2.5毫克、60±2.5毫克、65±2.5毫克、70±2.5毫克、75±2.5毫克、80±2.5毫克、85±2.5毫克、90±2.5毫克、95±2.5毫克、100±2.5毫克、105±2.5毫克、110±2.5毫克、115±2.5毫克、120±2.5毫克、125±2.5毫克、130±2.5毫克、135±2.5毫克、140±2.5毫克、145±2.5毫克、150±2.5毫克、155±2.5毫克或160±2.5毫克的量包含在该药物剂型中。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质,为羟吗啡酮,优选其HCl盐,且该药物剂型适合每天给药两次。在这种实施方案中,该阿片样物质(A)优选以5至40毫克的量包含在该药物剂型中。在另一特别优选的实施方案中,药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质,为羟吗啡酮,优选其HCl,且该药物剂型适合每天给药一次。在这种实施方案中,药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质优选以10至80毫克的量包含在该药物剂型中。
在另一特别优选的实施方案中,该药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质,为羟考酮,优选其HCl盐,且该药物剂型适合每天给药两次。在这种实施方案中,该药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质优选以5至80毫克的量包含在该药物剂型中。在另一特别优选的实施方案中,该药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质,为羟考酮,优选其HCl盐,且该药物剂型适合每天给药一次。在这种实施方案中,该药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质优选以10至320毫克的量包含在该药物剂型中。
在又一特别优选的实施方案中,该药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质为氢吗啡酮,优选其HCl盐,且该药物剂型适合每天给药两次。在这种实施方案中,该药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质优选以2至52毫克的量包含在该药物剂型中。在另一特别优选的实施方案中,该药理活性成分(A),优选 阿片样物质,为氢吗啡酮,优选其HCl盐,且该药物剂型适合每天给药一次。在这种实施方案中,该药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质优选以4至104毫克的量包含在该药物剂型中。
本发明的药物剂型以优异的贮存稳定性为特征。
优选地,在40℃和75%相对湿度下贮存4周后,该药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质的含量合计为其贮存前的原始含量的至少98.0%,更优选至少98.5%,再更优选至少99.0%,再更优选至少99.2%,最优选至少99.4%,特别是至少99.6%。测量该药物剂型中药理活性成分(A)的含量的合适方法是技术人员已知的。在这方面参考Eur.Ph.或USP,尤其参考反相HPLC分析。优选地,该药物剂型贮存在封闭,优选密封的容器中,其优选如实验部分中所述,最优选配有除氧剂,特别是配有即使在低相对湿度下也有效的除氧剂。
优选地,在40℃和75%相对湿度下贮存4周后,基质材料,优选聚环氧烷(C)的含量合计为其贮存前的原始含量的至少98.0%,更优选至少98.5%,再更优选至少99.0%,再更优选至少99.2%,最优选至少99.4%,特别是至少99.6%。测量该药物剂型中聚环氧烷(C)的含量的合适方法是技术人员已知的。在这方面参考Eur.Ph.或USP,尤其参考反相HPLC分析。
优选地,在40℃和75%相对湿度下贮存4周后,聚环氧烷(C)的重均分子量合计为其贮存前的原始重均分子量的至少70%,更优选至少75%,再更优选至少80%,再更优选至少85%,最优选至少90%,特别是至少95%。
测定该药物剂型中聚环氧烷(C)的重均分子量的合适方法是技术人员已知的。可以例如通过该剂型溶胀后的粘度测量评估聚环氧烷(C)的重均分子量的变化。
已经令人惊讶地发现,酸(B)不仅改进该剂型的贮存稳定性,还改进药物赋形剂,优选聚环氧烷(C)在制造时,特别是在热成型,如热熔挤出过程中的可加工性。有对比实验证据表明,由于存在酸(B),在存在合适量的酸(B)时,显著减轻在热熔挤出时常发生的聚合物(C)的粘度降低。
优选地,本发明的剂型含有酸(B),其量为使得在所有赋形剂和成分的热熔挤出过程中由该剂型制成的均匀凝胶的凝胶粘度合计为由该剂型的所有赋形剂和成分的混合物制成但尚未热熔挤出的均匀凝胶的凝胶粘度的至少50%,更优选至少60%,再更优选至少70%,再更优选至少80%,再更优选至少85%, 最优选至少90%,特别是至少95%。此外,本发明的剂型优选含有酸(B),其量为使得该剂型在加速贮存条件下贮存3个月后由该剂型制成的均匀凝胶的凝胶粘度合计为由该剂型制成的均匀凝胶在贮存前的凝胶粘度的至少50%,更优选至少60%,再更优选至少70%,再更优选至少80%,再更优选至少85%,最优选至少90%,特别是至少95%。优选地,挤出条件如实验部分中所规定。当制备均匀凝胶时,优选将该剂型悬浮在足量的水中以使在环境条件(旋转粘度计)下所得均匀凝胶的粘度为在40s-1下大约500mPas(线性范围)。一旦已通过预先试验确定合适的水量,随后在相同条件下进行所有对比试验。
优选地,该药物剂型贮存在封闭,优选密封的容器中,其优选如实验部分中所述,最优选配有除氧剂,特别配有甚至在低相对湿度下也有效的除氧剂。
本发明的药物剂型含有药物剂型总重量的0.001至5.0重量%的量的生理学可接受的游离酸作为组分(B)。
酸(B)可以是有机或无机的液体或固体。固体酸是优选的,特别是结晶有机或无机酸。
酸(B)是游离的。这意味着酸(B)的酸性官能团并非一起构成药理活性成分(A)的盐的成分。如果药理活性成分(A)作为酸的盐,例如盐酸盐存在,本发明的药物剂型优选含有并非作为药理活性成分(A)的盐的成分存在的另一化学上不同的酸作为组分(B)。换言之,与药理活性成分(A)形成盐的单酸不应被视为本发明的意义中的游离酸(B)。当酸(B)具有多于一个酸性官能团时(例如磷酸),酸(B)可作为药理活性成分(A)的盐的成分存在,只要酸(B)的至少一个酸性官能团不参与盐的形成,即是游离的。但是,优选地,酸(B)的各个和每个酸性官能团不参与与药理活性成分(A)形成盐。但是,也有可能游离酸(B)和与药理活性成分(A)形成盐的酸相同。在这些情况下,该酸优选与药理活性成分(A)相比摩尔过量存在。
在一个优选实施方案中,酸(B)含有至少一个具有在2.00±1.50,更优选2.00±1.25,再更优选2.00±1.00,再更优选2.00±0.75,最优选2.00±0.50,特别是2.00±0.25的范围内的pKA值的酸性官能团(例如-CO2H、-SO3H、-PO3H2、-OH等)。在另一优选实施方案中,该酸含有至少一个具有在2.25±1.50,更优选2.25±1.25,再更优选2.25±1.00,再更优选2.25±0.75,最优选2.25±0.50,特别是2.25±0.25的范围内的pKA值的酸性官能团。在另一优选实施方案中,酸 (B)含有至少一个具有在2.50±1.50,更优选2.50±1.25,再更优选2.50±1.00,再更优选2.50±0.75,最优选2.50±0.50,特别是2.50±0.25的范围内的pKA值的酸性官能团。在另一优选实施方案中,酸(B)含有至少一个具有在2.75±1.50,更优选2.75±1.25,再更优选2.75±1.00,再更优选2.75±0.75,最优选2.75±0.50,特别是2.75±0.25的范围内的pKA值的酸性官能团。在另一优选实施方案中,酸(B)含有至少一个具有在3.00±1.50,更优选3.00±1.25,再更优选3.00±1.00,再更优选3.00±0.75,最优选3.00±0.50,特别是3.00±0.25的范围内的pKA值的酸性官能团。在再一优选实施方案中,酸(B)含有至少一个具有在3.25±1.50,更优选3.25±1.25,再更优选3.25±1.00,再更优选3.25±0.75,最优选3.25±0.50,特别是3.25±0.25的范围内的pKA值的酸性官能团。
在又一优选实施方案中,酸(B)含有至少一个具有在4.50±1.50,更优选4.50±1.25,再更优选4.50±1.00,再更优选4.50±0.75,最优选4.50±0.50,特别是4.50±0.25的范围内的pKA值的酸性官能团。在又一优选实施方案中,酸(B)含有至少一个具有在4.75±1.50,更优选4.75±1.25,再更优选4.75±1.00,再更优选4.75±0.75,最优选4.75±0.50,特别是4.75±0.25的范围内的pKA值的酸性官能团。在又一优选实施方案中,酸(B)含有至少一个具有在5.00±1.50,更优选5.00±1.25,再更优选5.00±1.00,再更优选5.00±0.75,最优选5.00±0.50,特别是5.00±0.25的范围内的pKA值的酸性官能团。
优选地,酸(B)是有机羧酸或磺酸,特别是羧酸。多羧酸和/或羟基羧酸尤其优选。
在多羧酸的情况下,其偏盐也被视为多羧酸,例如偏钠、偏钾或偏铵盐。例如,柠檬酸是具有三个羧基的多羧酸。只要留有至少一个质子化羧基(例如柠檬酸二氢钠或柠檬酸氢二钠),该盐应被视为多羧酸。但是,优选地,该多羧酸的所有羧基被质子化。
优选地,酸(B)具有低分子量,即非聚合。通常,酸(B)的分子量低于500克/摩尔。
酸的实例包括饱和和不饱和的单羧酸、饱和和不饱和的二羧酸、三羧酸、单羧酸的α-羟基酸和β-羟基酸、二羧酸的α-羟基酸和β-羟基酸、三羧酸的α-羟基酸和β-羟基酸、以及多羧酸的酮酸、α-酮酸、β-酮酸、多羟基单羧酸的酮酸、α-酮酸、β-酮酸、多羟基二羧酸的酮酸、α-酮酸、β-酮酸、多羟基三羧酸的 酮酸、α-酮酸、β-酮酸。
优选地,酸(B)选自苯磺酸、柠檬酸、α-葡庚糖酸、D-葡糖酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、苹果酸、丙二酸、扁桃酸、丙酸、丁二酸、酒石酸(d、l,或dl)、tosic acid(甲苯磺酸)、戊酸、棕榈酸、双羟萘酸、癸二酸、硬脂酸、月桂酸、乙酸、己二酸、戊二酸、4-氯苯磺酸、乙二磺酸、乙基丁二酸、富马酸、半乳糖二酸(粘酸)、D-葡萄糖醛酸、2-氧代-戊二酸、甘油磷酸、马尿酸、羟基乙磺酸(乙磺酸)、乳糖酸、马来酸、马来酸(maleinic acid)、1,5-萘二磺酸、2-萘-磺酸、特戊酸、对苯二甲酸、硫氰酸、胆酸、正十二烷基硫酸盐、3-羟基-2-萘甲酸、1-羟基-2-萘甲酸、油酸、十一碳烯酸、抗坏血酸、(+)-樟脑酸、d-樟脑磺酸、二氯乙酸、乙磺酸、甲酸、甲磺酸、烟酸、乳清酸、草酸、苦味酸、L-焦谷氨酸、糖精、水杨酸、龙胆酸和/或4-乙酰氨基苯甲酸。
酸(B)的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.001至5.0重量%,优选0.005至2.5重量%,更优选0.01至2.0重量%,再更优选0.05至1.5重量%,最优选0.1至1.0重量%,特别是0.2至0.9重量%的范围内。
优选地,酸(B)是多羧酸。更优选地,该多羧酸选自柠檬酸、马来酸和富马酸。
柠檬酸特别优选。
该多羧酸,优选柠檬酸,可以以其无水形式或分别作为溶剂合物和水合物,例如作为单水合物存在。
在一个优选实施方案中,酸(B),优选柠檬酸的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.2±0.18重量%,更优选0.2±0.15重量%,再更优选0.2±0.12重量%,再更优选0.2±0.09重量%,最优选0.2±0.06重量%,特别是0.2±0.03重量%的范围内。
在另一优选实施方案中,酸(B),优选柠檬酸的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.3±0.18重量%,更优选0.3±0.15重量%,再更优选0.3±0.12重量%,再更优选0.3±0.09重量%,最优选0.3±0.06重量%,特别是0.3±0.03重量%的范围内。
在再一优选实施方案中,酸(B),优选柠檬酸的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.4±0.18重量%,更优选0.4±0.15重量%,再更优选0.4±0.12重量%,再更优选0.4±0.09重量%,最优选0.4±0.06重量%,特别是0.4±0.03重量%的范 围内。
在又一优选实施方案中,酸(B),优选柠檬酸的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.5±0.18重量%,更优选0.5±0.15重量%,再更优选0.5±0.12重量%,再更优选0.5±0.09重量%,最优选0.5±0.06重量%,特别是0.5±0.03重量%的范围内。
在又一优选实施方案中,酸(B),优选柠檬酸的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.6±0.18重量%,更优选0.6±0.15重量%,再更优选0.6±0.12重量%,再更优选0.6±0.09重量%,最优选0.6±0.06重量%,特别是0.6±0.03重量%的范围内。
在又一优选实施方案中,酸(B),优选柠檬酸的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.7±0.18重量%,更优选0.7±0.15重量%,再更优选0.7±0.12重量%,再更优选0.7±0.09重量%,最优选0.7±0.06重量%,特别是0.7±0.03重量%的范围内。
在又一优选实施方案中,酸(B),优选柠檬酸的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.8±0.18重量%,更优选0.8±0.15重量%,再更优选0.8±0.12重量%,再更优选0.8±0.09重量%,最优选0.8±0.06重量%,特别是0.8±0.03重量%的范围内。
在又一优选实施方案中,酸(B),优选柠檬酸的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.85±0.18重量%,更优选0.85±0.15重量%,再更优选0.85±0.12重量%,再更优选0.85±0.09重量%,最优选0.85±0.06重量%,特别是0.85±0.03重量%的范围内。
在再一优选实施方案中,酸(B),优选柠檬酸的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.9±0.18重量%,更优选0.9±0.15重量%,再更优选0.9±0.12重量%,再更优选0.9±0.09重量%,最优选0.9±0.06重量%,特别是0.9±0.03重量%的范围内。
在进一步优选实施方案中,酸(B),优选柠檬酸的含量在该药物剂型总重量的1.0±0.18重量%,更优选1.0±0.15重量%,再更优选1.0±0.12重量%,再更优选1.0±0.09重量%,最优选1.0±0.06重量%,特别是1.0±0.03重量%的范围内。
本发明的药物剂型包含重均分子量Mw为至少200,000克/摩尔,优选至少 500,000克/摩尔,更优选至少750,000克/摩尔,再更优选至少1,000,000克/摩尔,最优选至少2,000,000克/摩尔,特别在500,000至15,000,000克/摩尔的范围内的聚环氧烷(C)作为组分(C)。
优选地,该聚环氧烷选自聚亚甲基氧化物(polymethylene oxide)、聚环氧乙烷和聚环氧丙烷、它们的共聚物和混合物。
聚环氧烷(C)可包含具有特定平均分子量的单一聚环氧烷或不同聚合物,如两种、三种、四种或五种聚合物,例如具有相同化学性质但不同平均分子量的聚合物、具有不同化学性质但相同平均分子量的聚合物或具有不同化学性质以及不同分子量的聚合物的混合物(共混物)。
对本说明书而言,聚烷撑二醇具有高达20,000克/摩尔的分子量,而聚环氧烷具有大于20,000克/摩尔的分子量。在一个优选实施方案中,该药物剂型中所含的所有聚环氧烷的所有分子量的重均值为至少200,000克/摩尔。因此,在测定聚环氧烷(C)的重均分子量时,聚烷撑二醇(如果有的话)优选不计入考虑。
优选地,聚环氧烷(C)的含量在该药物剂型总重量的20至99重量%,更优选25至95重量%,再更优选30至90重量%,再更优选30至85重量%,最优选30至80重量%,特别是30至75重量%的范围内。在一个优选实施方案中,聚环氧烷的含量为至少20重量%,更优选至少25重量%,再更优选至少30重量%,再更优选至少35重量%,特别是至少40重量%。
在一个优选实施方案中,聚环氧烷(C)的总含量在25±20重量%,更优选25±15重量%,最优选25±10重量%,特别是25±5重量%的范围内。在另一优选实施方案中,聚环氧烷(C)的总含量在35±20重量%,更优选35±15重量%,最优选35±10重量%,特别是35±5重量%的范围内。在再一优选实施方案中,聚环氧烷(C)的总含量在45±20重量%,更优选45±15重量%,最优选45±10重量%,特别是45±5重量%的范围内。在又一优选实施方案中,聚环氧烷(C)的总含量在55±20重量%,更优选55±15重量%,最优选55±10重量%,特别是55±5重量%的范围内。在进一步优选实施方案中,聚环氧烷(C)的总含量在65±20重量%,更优选65±15重量%,最优选65±10重量%,特别是65±5重量%的范围内。在再进一步优选实施方案中,聚环氧烷(C)的总含量在75±20重量%,更优选75±15重量%,最优选75±10重量%,特别是75±5重量%的范 围内。在再进一步优选实施方案中,聚环氧烷(C)的总含量在80±15重量%,更优选80±10重量%,最优选80±5重量%的范围内。
在一个优选实施方案中,聚环氧烷(C)均匀分布在本发明的药物剂型中。优选地,聚环氧烷(C)形成基质,阿片样物质(A)包埋在其中。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,阿片样物质(A)和聚环氧烷(C)密切地均匀分布在该药物剂型中以使该药物剂型不包含其中存在阿片样物质(A)而不存在聚环氧烷(C)或其中存在聚环氧烷(C)而不存在阿片样物质(A)的任何片段。
当该药物剂型被薄膜包衣时,聚环氧烷(C)优选均匀分布在该药物剂型的芯中,即薄膜包衣优选不含聚环氧烷(C)。但是,薄膜包衣本身当然可含有一种或多种聚合物,但它们优选不同于芯中所含的聚环氧烷(C)。
聚环氧烷(C)可以与一种或多种不同聚合物结合,所述聚合物选自聚环氧烷,优选聚亚甲基氧化物、聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷;聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚(alk)丙烯酸酯、聚(羟基脂肪酸),例如聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-羟基戊酸酯)(Biopol )、聚(羟基戊酸);聚己内酯、聚乙烯醇、聚酯酰胺、聚丁二酸乙二酯、聚内酯、聚乙交酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚交酯、聚缩醛(例如任选含改性侧链的多糖)、聚交酯/乙交酯、聚内酯、聚乙交酯、聚原酸酯、聚酐、聚乙二醇和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯的嵌段聚合物(Polyactive )、聚酐(Polifeprosan)、它们的共聚物、它们的嵌段共聚物和至少两种所述聚合物的混合物或具有上述特征的其它聚合物。
优选地,聚环氧烷(C)的分子量分散度Mw/Mn在2.5±2.0,更优选2.5±1.5,再更优选2.5±1.0,再更优选2.5±0.8,最优选2.5±0.6,特别是2.5±0.4的范围内。
聚环氧烷(C)(原材料)优选具有以下的在25℃下的粘度:使用型号RVF布鲁克菲尔德粘度计(心轴号no.2/转速2rpm)在5重量%水溶液中测得的30至17,600cP,更优选55至17,600cP,再更优选600至17,600cP,最优选4,500至17,600cP;使用所述粘度计(心轴号no.1或3/转速10rpm)在2重量%水溶液中测得的400至4,000cP,更优选400至800cP或2,000至4,000cP;或使用所述粘度计(心轴号no.2/转速2rpm)在1重量%水溶液中测得的1,650至10,000cP,更优选1,650至5,500cP,5,500至7,500cP或7,500至10,000cP。
在根据本发明的一个优选实施方案中,将重均分子量为至少200,000克/摩 尔的聚环氧烷(C)与至少一种其它聚合物结合,所述其它聚合物优选但不一定也具有至少200,000克/摩尔的重均分子量(Mw),选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚(羟基脂肪酸)、聚己内酯、聚乙烯醇、聚酯酰胺、聚丁二酸乙二酯、聚内酯、聚乙交酯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚酰胺、聚交酯、聚交酯/乙交酯、聚内酯、聚乙交酯、聚原酸酯、聚酐、聚乙二醇和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯的嵌段聚合物、聚酐、聚缩醛、纤维素酯、纤维素醚及其共聚物。纤维素酯和纤维素醚特别优选,例如甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素等。
在一个优选实施方案中,所述其它聚合物不是聚环氧烷,也不是聚烷撑二醇。但是,该药物剂型可含有聚烷撑二醇,例如作为增塑剂,但随后该药物剂型优选是聚合物:聚环氧烷(C)+其它聚合物+增塑剂的三元混合物。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,所述其它聚合物是亲水纤维素酯或纤维素醚,优选羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)或羟乙基纤维素(HEC),优选具有1,000至150,000mPas,更优选3,000至150,000的平均粘度(优选通过毛细管粘度测定法或旋转粘度测定法测量)。在一个优选实施方案中,平均粘度在110,000±50,000mPas,更优选110,000±40,000mPas,再更优选110,000±30,000mPas,最优选110,000±20,000mPas,特别是100,000±10,000mPas的范围内。
在一个优选实施方案中,所述聚环氧烷(C)与所述其它聚合物的相对重量比在20∶1至1∶20,更优选10∶1至1∶10,再更优选7∶1至1∶5,再更优选5∶1至1∶1,最优选4∶1至1.5∶1,特别是3∶1至2∶1的范围内。在一个优选实施方案中,所述聚环氧烷(C)与所述其它聚合物的相对重量比在10∶1至5∶1,更优选8∶1至5∶1,最优选7∶1至5∶1的范围内。
优选地,所述其它聚合物的含量合计为该药物剂型总重量的0.5至25重量%,更优选1.0至20重量%,再更优选2.0至22.5重量%,再更优选3.0至20重量%,最优选4.0至17.5重量%,特别是5.0至15重量%。
在一个优选实施方案中,所述其它聚合物是纤维素酯或纤维素醚,优选HPMC,含量在该药物剂型总重量的10±8重量%,更优选10±6重量%,再更优选10±5重量%,再更优选10±4重量%,最优选10±3重量%,特别是10±2 重量%的范围内。
在另一优选实施方案中,所述其它聚合物是纤维素酯或纤维素醚,优选HPMC,含量在该药物剂型总重量的14±8重量%,更优选14±6重量%,再更优选14±5重量%,再更优选14±4重量%,最优选14±3重量%,特别是14±2重量%的范围内。
所有聚合物优选以粉末形式使用。它们可溶于水。
除药理活性成分(A)、酸(B)和聚环氧烷(C)外本发明的药物剂型可含有其它成分,如常规药物赋形剂。
在一个优选实施方案中,该药物剂型包含抗氧化剂。合适的抗氧化剂包括抗坏血酸、α-生育酚(维生素E)、丁基羟基苯甲醚、丁基羟基甲苯、抗坏血酸(维生素C)的盐、维生素C棕榈酸酯(ascorbylic palmitate)、单硫代甘油、苯甲酸松柏酯、去甲二氢愈创木酸、没食子酸酯、磷酸和它们的衍生物,如维生素E-丁二酸酯或维生素E-棕榈酸酯和/或亚硫酸氢钠,更优选丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)或丁基羟基苯甲醚(BHA)和/或α-生育酚。
优选地,该抗氧化剂的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.001至5.0重量%,更优选0.002至2.5重量%,更优选0.003至1.5重量%,再更优选0.005至1.0重量%,再更优选0.01至0.5重量%,最优选0.05至0.4重量%,特别是0.1至0.3重量%的范围内。
在一个优选实施方案中,该抗氧化剂的含量为该药物剂型总重量的最多5.0重量%,更优选最多4.0重量%,再更优选最多3.0重量%,再更优选最多2.0重量%,甚至更优选最多1.0重量%,最优选最多0.5重量%,特别是最多0.25重量%。
特别优选的抗氧化剂是α-生育酚。已经令人惊讶地发现,α-生育酚稳定聚环氧烷并同时使某些阿片样物质(A),如羟吗啡酮失稳定。因此,在一个优选实施方案中,α-生育酚的含量在一方面聚环氧烷的充足稳定性和另一方面药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质的充足稳定性之间平衡。
在一个优选实施方案中,α-生育酚的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.2±0.18重量%,更优选0.2±0.15重量%,再更优选0.2±0.12重量%,再更优选0.2±0.09重量%,最优选0.2±0.06重量%,特别是0.2±0.03重量%的范围内。
在一个优选实施方案中,酸(B),优选柠檬酸与抗氧化剂,优选α-生育 酚的相对重量比在10∶1至1∶10,更优选8∶1至1∶8,再更优选6∶1至1∶6,再更优选5∶1至1∶4,最优选4∶1至1∶3,特别是3∶1至1∶2的范围内。
在另一优选实施方案中,该药物剂型不含如上定义的任何抗氧化剂。优选地,该药物剂型既不含丁基羟基甲苯(BHT),也不含丁基羟基苯甲醚(BHA),也不含α-生育酚。
本发明的药物剂型还可以含有天然、半合成或合成蜡。软化点为至少50℃,更优选60℃的蜡是优选的。巴西棕榈蜡和蜂蜡特别优选,尤其是巴西棕榈蜡。
优选地,药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质的释放模式是基质延迟的。优选地,药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质包埋在包含聚环氧烷的基质中,所述基质控制药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质从该药物剂型中的释放。
本领域技术人员已知的生理学可接受的材料可用作辅助基质材料。聚合物,特别优选纤维素醚、纤维素酯和/或丙烯酸树脂优选用作亲水基质材料。乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、聚(甲基)丙烯酸和/或它们的衍生物,如它们的盐、酰胺或酯非常特别优选用作基质材料。由疏水材料,如疏水聚合物、蜡、脂肪、长链脂肪酸、脂肪醇或相应的酯或醚或它们的混合物制成的基质材料也是优选的。C12-C30脂肪酸的单-或二甘油酸酯和/或C12-C30脂肪醇和/或蜡或它们的混合物特别优选用作疏水材料。也可以使用上述亲水和疏水材料的混合物作为基质材料。
优选地,聚环氧烷与药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质的相对重量比为至少0.5∶1,更优选至少1∶1、至少2∶1、至少3∶1、至少4∶1、至少5∶1、至少6∶1、至少7∶1、至少8∶1或至少9∶1;再更优选至少10∶1或至少15∶1,再更优选至少20∶1,最优选至少30∶1,特别是至少40∶1。在一个优选实施方案中,聚环氧烷与药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质的相对重量比在3∶1至50∶1,更优选3∶1至40∶1,特别是3∶1至30∶1的范围内。
本发明的药物剂型优选含有增塑剂。该增塑剂改进聚环氧烷的可加工性。优选增塑剂是聚烷撑二醇,如聚乙二醇、三醋精、脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯、蜡和/或微晶蜡。特别优选的增塑剂是聚乙二醇,如PEG 6000。
优选地,增塑剂含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.1至25重量%,更优选0.5至22.5重量%,再更优选1.0至20重量%,再更优选2.5至17.5重量%,最优选5.0至15重量%,特别是7.5至12.5重量%的范围内。
在一个优选实施方案中,该增塑剂是含量在该药物剂型总重量的10±8重量%,更优选10±6重量%,再更优选10±5重量%,再更优选10±4重量%,最优选10±3重量%,特别是10±2重量%的范围内的聚烷撑二醇。
在另一优选实施方案中,该增塑剂是含量在该药物剂型总重量的15±8重量%,更优选15±6重量%,再更优选15±5重量%,再更优选15±4重量%,最优选15±3重量%,特别是15±2重量%的范围内的聚烷撑二醇。
在一个优选实施方案中,聚环氧烷与聚烷撑二醇的相对重量比在4.2±2∶1,更优选4.2±1.5∶1,再更优选4.2±1∶1,再更优选4.2±0.5∶1,最优选4.2±0.2∶1,特别是4.2±0.1∶1的范围内。这种比率满足相对较高聚环氧烷含量和良好可挤出性的要求。
当由通过切割挤出束而获得的切片制造该剂型时,该切片的重量决定所得剂型的重量。这些切片的显著重量变化造成剂型与目标重量的一致重量偏差。切片的重量变化极大取决于挤出束的表面性质。具有完全光滑表面的束能够产生表现出低重量变化的切片。相反,波纹或鲨鱼皮状的束产生表现出较大重量变化由此增加次品数的切片。
现在已经令人惊讶地发现,可通过聚环氧烷∶聚烷撑二醇重量比触发挤出束的表面性质。
本发明的药物剂型的优选组成X1至X32概括在下表中;
在一个优选实施方案中,该药物剂型具有在100±75毫克,更优选100±50毫克,最优选100±25毫克的范围内的总重量。在另一优选实施方案中,该药物剂型具有在200±75毫克,更优选200±50毫克,最优选200±25毫克的范围内的总重量。在另一优选实施方案中,该药物剂型具有在250±75毫克,更优选250±50毫克,最优选250±25毫克的范围内的总重量。在再一优选实施方案中,该药物剂型具有在300±75毫克,更优选300±50毫克,最优选300±25毫克的范围内的总重量。在又一优选实施方案中,该药物剂型具有在400±75毫克,更优选400±50毫克,最优选400±25毫克的范围内的总重量。
在一个优选实施方案中,该药物剂型具有在500±250毫克,更优选500±200毫克,最优选500±150毫克的范围内的总重量。在另一优选实施方案中,该药物剂型具有在750±250毫克,更优选750±200毫克,最优选750±150毫克的范围内的总重量。在另一优选实施方案中,该药物剂型具有在1000±250毫克,更优选1000±200毫克,最优选1000±150毫克的范围内的总重量。在再一优选实施方案中,该药物剂型具有在1250±250毫克,更优选1250±200毫克,最优选1250±150毫克的范围内的总重量。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的药物剂型具有在1.19±0.30克/立方厘米, 更优选1.19±0.25克/立方厘米,再更优选1.19±0.20克/立方厘米,再更优选1.19±0.15克/立方厘米,最优选1.19±0.10克/立方厘米,特别是1.19±0.05克/立方厘米的范围内的总密度。优选地,本发明的药物剂型的总密度在1.17±0.02克/立方厘米,1.19±0.02或1.21±0.02的范围内。测量剂型密度的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。可以例如借助如Ph.Eur中所述的水银孔率测定法或氦比重计法测定剂型的总密度。
优选地,本发明的药物剂型适合口服给药。但是,该药物剂型也可以通过不同途径给药,因此,该药物剂型可用于经口颊、舌下、直肠或阴道给药。植入物也有可能。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的药物剂型适合每天给药一次。在另一优选实施方案中,本发明的药物剂型适合每天给药两次。在再一优选实施方案中,本发明的药物剂型适合每天给药三次。
对本说明书而言,“每天两次”是指在各次给药之间相等或接近相等的时间间隔,即大约每12小时,或不同时间间隔,例如8和16小时,或10和14小时。
对本说明书而言,“每天三次”是指在各次给药之间相等或接近相等的时间间隔,即大约每8小时,或不同时间间隔,例如6、6和12小时,或7、7和10小时。
优选地,本发明的药物剂型造成药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质(A)的至少部分延迟或延长释放。
控释或延长释放根据本发明被理解为优选是指一种释放模式,其中药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质经相对较长时期释放并具有降低的摄入频率以延长治疗作用。优选地,术语“延长释放”的含义依据药物剂型释放模式命名法欧洲指南(CHMP)。这特别通过口服给药实现。术语“至少部分延迟或延长释放”根据本发明涵盖确保其中所含的药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质的调控释放的任何药物剂型。该药物剂型优选包含包衣或未包衣的药物剂型,其为有意改变释放速率或释放位置而通过特定方法或通过两种可能的选项的组合用具体辅助物质制成。
在本发明的药物剂型中,可以如下改变控释形式的释放时间模式:延缓释放(extended release)、重复作用释放、延长释放(prolonged release)和缓释 (sustained release)。
对本说明书而言,“控释”优选是指通过制剂的类型和组成控制活性化合物随时间释放的产品。对本说明书而言,“延缓释放”优选是指将活性成分的释放延迟限定的滞后时间,此后释放不受阻碍的产品。对本说明书而言,“重复作用释放”优选是指一开始释放第一部分活性化合物接着随后释放至少另一部分的活性化合物的产品。对本说明书而言,“延长释放”优选是指给药后从制剂中释放活性化合物的速率已随时间经过降低,以保持治疗活性、降低毒效或用于其它一些治疗用途。对本说明书而言,“缓释”优选是指配制药物以使其经长时期稳定释放到体内由此降低给药频率的方式。关于进一步细节,可以参考例如K.H.Bauer,Lehrbuch der Pharmazeutischen Technologie,第6版,WVG Stuttgart,1999;和欧洲药典(Eur.Ph.)。
本发明的药物剂型可包含一种或多种药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质,至少部分为进一步控释形式,其中可以借助本领域技术人员已知的常规材料和方法,例如通过将该物质包埋在控释基质中或通过施加一种或多种控释包衣来实现控释。但是,必须控制物质释放以使延迟释放材料的添加不损害必要的破裂强度。优选通过将该物质包埋在基质中来实现从本发明的药物剂型中的控释。优选地,聚环氧烷(C)充当这样的基质。充当基质材料的辅助物质控制释放。基质材料可以例如是亲水的凝胶形成材料,主要通过扩散从中释放,或疏水材料,主要通过从基质中的孔隙中扩散来从中释放。
优选地,释放模式是基本基质控制的,优选通过将药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质(A)包埋在包含聚环氧烷(C)和任选其它基质材料的基质中。优选地,该释放模式不是渗透驱动的。优选地,释放动力学不是零次的。
优选地,在生理学条件下,本发明的药物剂型在30分钟后释放0.1至75%,在240分钟后释放0.5至95%,在480分钟后释放1.0至100%和在720分钟后释放2.5至100%药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质(A)。另一些优选释放模式R1至R6概括在下表中[所有数据以释放的药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质(A)的重量%为单位]:
时间 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 |
60min | 0-30 | 0-50 | 0-50 | 15-25 | 20-30 | 20-50 |
120min | 0-40 | 0-75 | 0-75 | 25-40 | 35-50 | 40-75 |
240min | 3-55 | 3-95 | 10-95 | 40-70 | 55-75 | 60-95 |
480min | 10-65 | 10-100 | 35-100 | 60-90 | 80-95 | 80-100 |
720min | 20-75 | 20-100 | 55-100 | 70-100 | 90-100 | 90-100 |
960min | 30-88 | 30-100 | 70-100 | >80 | 95-100 | |
1440min | 50-100 | 50-100 | >90 | |||
2160min | >80 | >80 |
另一些优选释放模式R1至R6概括在下表中[所有数据以释放的药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质(A)的重量%为单位]:
时间 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 |
30min | 17.5±7.5 | 17.5±6.5 | 17.5±5.5 | 17.5±4.5 | 17.5±3.5 | 17.5±2.5 |
60min | 27.0±8.0 | 27.0±7.0 | 27.0±6.0 | 27.0±5.0 | 27.0±4.0 | 27.0±3.0 |
120min | 41.5±9.5 | 41.5±8.5 | 41.5±7.5 | 41.5±6.5 | 41.5±5.5 | 41.5±4.5 |
240min | 64.5±12.5 | 64.5±11.5 | 64.5±10.5 | 64.5±9.5 | 64.5±8.5 | 64.5±7.5 |
480min | 88.0±12.0 | 88.0±11.0 | 88.0±10.0 | 88.0±9.0 | 88.0±8.0 | 88.0±7.0 |
720min | 96.0±9.0 | 96.0±8.0 | 96.0±7.0 | 96.0±6.0 | 96.0±5.0 | 96.0±4.0 |
840min | 97.5±7.5 | 97.5±6.5 | 97.5±5.5 | 97.5±4.5 | 97.5±3.5 | 97.5±2.5 |
优选地,本发明的药物剂型的释放模式在密封容器中贮存时,优选在升高的温度,例如37℃下贮存3个月时稳定。在这方面,“稳定”是指在将初始释放模式与在任何给定时间点的贮存后释放模式比较时,释放模式相互偏离不大于20%,更优选不大于15%,再更优选不大于10%,再更优选不大于7.5%,最优选不大于5.0%,特别是不大于2.5%。
优选地,在体外条件下,该药物剂型在0.5小时后释放1.0至35重量%,在1小时后释放5.0至45重量%,在2小时后释放10至60重量%,在4小时后释放至少15重量%,在6小时后释放至少20重量%,在8小时后释放至少25重量%和在12小时后释放至少30重量%的药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质,其最初包含在该药物剂型中。
合适的体外条件是技术人员已知的。在这方面可以参考例如Eur.Ph。优选地,在下列条件下测量释放模式:配有排水孔的桨装置,50rpm,37±5℃,900毫升模拟肠液pH 6.8(磷酸盐缓冲液)或pH 4.5。在一个优选实施方案中,将桨的旋转速度提高至100rpm。
在一个优选实施方案中,在本发明的药物剂型的优选口服给药后,在tmax 4.0±2.5h后,更优选在tmax 4.0±2.0h后,再更优选在tmax 4.0±1.5h后,最优选在tmax 4.0±1.0h后,特别是在tmax 4.0±0.5h后平均达到体内平均最大血浆浓度 (Cmax)。在另一优选实施方案中,在本发明的药物剂型的优选口服给药后,在tmax 5.0±2.5h后,更优选在tmax 5.0±2.0h后,再更优选在tmax 5.0±1.5h后,最优选在tmax 5.0±1.0h后,特别是在tmax 5.0±0.5h后平均达到体内平均最大血浆浓度(Cmax)。在再一优选实施方案中,在本发明的药物剂型的优选口服给药后,在tmax 6.0±2.5h后,更优选在tmax 6.0±2.0h后,再更优选在tmax 6.0±1.5h后,最优选在tmax 6.0±1.0h后,特别是在tmax 6.0±0.5h后平均达到体内平均最大血浆浓度(Cmax)。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的药物剂型的优选口服给药后的体内t1/2平均值为4.0±2.5h,更优选4.0±2.0h,再更优选4.0±1.5h,最优选4.0±1.0h,特别是4.0±0.5h。在另一优选实施方案中,本发明的药物剂型的优选口服给药后的体内t1/2平均值优选为5.0±2.5h,更优选5.0±2.0h,再更优选5.0±1.5h,最优选5.0±1.0h,特别是5.0±0.5h。在再一优选实施方案中,本发明的药物剂型的优选口服给药后的体内t1/2平均值优选为6.0±2.5h,更优选6.0±2.0h,再更优选6.0±1.5h,最优选6.0±1.0h,特别是6.0±0.5h。
优选地,本发明的药物剂型含有包衣,优选薄膜包衣。合适的包衣材料是技术人员已知的。合适的包衣材料可购得,例如以商标Opadry和Eudragit。
合适的材料的实例包括纤维素酯和纤维素醚,如甲基纤维素(MC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟基乙基纤维素(HEC)、羧甲基纤维素钠(Na-CMC)、乙基纤维素(EC)、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素(CAP)、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMCP);聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯,如甲基丙烯酸氨基烷基酯共聚物、丙烯酸乙酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物;乙烯基聚合物,如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸邻苯二甲酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯;和天然成膜剂,如虫胶。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,该包衣是水溶性的。在一个优选实施方案中,该包衣基于聚乙烯醇,如部分水解的聚乙烯醇,并可另外含有聚乙二醇,如macrogol 3350,和/或颜料。在另一优选实施方案中,该包衣基于羟丙基甲基-纤维素,优选粘度3至15mPas的羟丙甲纤维素类型2910。
该药物剂型的包衣可提高其贮存稳定性。
该包衣可以抗胃液并随释放环境的pH值变化而溶解。借助这种包衣,可 以确保本发明的药物剂型未溶解地经过胃并仅在肠中释放活性化合物。抗胃液的包衣优选在5至7.5的pH值下溶解。用于延迟活性化合物的释放和用于抗胃液包衣的相应材料和方法是本领域技术人员已知的,例如从“包衣药物剂型-基础、制备技术、生物药剂方面、实验方法和原材料(Coated Pharmaceutical dosage forms-Fundamentals,Manufacturing Techniques,Biopharmaceutical Aspects,Test Methods and Raw Materials)”,Kurt H.Bauer,K.Lehmann,Hermann P.Osterwald,Rothgang,Gerhart,第1版,1998,Medpharm Scientific Publishers中。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的药物剂型不含刺激鼻道和/或咽喉的物质,即在通过鼻道和/或咽喉给药时造成对患者而言如此不愉快以致其不想或不能继续给药的物理反应(例如烧灼)或在生理上阻碍相应活性化合物的摄取(例如由于提高的鼻分泌或喷嚏)的物质。刺激鼻道和/或咽喉的物质的进一步实例是造成烧灼、发痒、打喷嚏的冲动、增加分泌物的形成或至少两种这些刺激的组合的那些。常规使用的相应物质及其量是本领域技术人员已知的。因此,刺激鼻道和/或咽喉的一些物质基于热物质药物的一种或多种成分或一种或多种植物部分。相应的热物质药物本身是本领域技术人员已知的并例如描述在Prof.Dr.Hildebert Wagner著的″Pharmazeutische Biologie-Drogen und ihre Inhaltsstoffe″,第2次修订版,Gustav Fischer Verlag,Stuttgart-New York,1982,第82页及下列各页中。相应的描述经此引用并入本文并被视为本公开的一部分。
本发明的药物剂型还优选不含药理活性成分(A)的拮抗剂,优选不含阿片样物质拮抗剂,更优选不含精神药物拮抗剂,特别是不含阿片样物质(A)的拮抗剂。适合给定药理活性成分(A)的拮抗剂是本领域技术人员已知的并可以原样或以相应衍生物,特别是酯或醚的形式,或在每种情况下以相应的生理学可接受的化合物的形式,特别是以其盐或溶剂合物的形式存在。本发明的药物剂型优选不含选自如下的拮抗剂:纳洛酮、纳曲酮、纳美芬、nalide、纳美酮、烯丙吗啡或naluphine,在每种情况下任选以相应的生理学可接受的化合物的形式,特别为碱、盐或溶剂合物的形式;并且不含安定药,例如选自如下的化合物氟哌啶醇、异丙嗪(promethacine)、氟奋乃静、奋乃静、左美丙嗪、硫利达嗪、甲哌丙嗪、氯丙嗪、氯普噻吨(chlorprothixine)、珠氯噻醇、氟哌噻吨、丙硫喷地、佐替平、苯哌利多、匹泮哌隆、美哌隆和溴哌醇。
本发明的药物剂型还优选不含催吐剂。催吐剂是本领域技术人员已知的并可以原样或以相应衍生物,特别是酯或醚的形式,或在每种情况下以相应的生理学可接受的化合物的形式,特别是以其盐或溶剂合物的形式存在。本发明的药物剂型优选不含基于吐根的根的一种或多种成分,例如基于吐根碱的催吐剂,如例如Prof.Dr.Hildebert Wagner的″Pharmazeutische Biologie-Drogen und ihre Inhaltsstoffe″,第2次修订版,Gustav Fischer Verlag,Stuttgart-New York,1982中所述。相应的文献描述经此引用并入本文并被视为本公开的一部分。本发明的药物剂型优选也不含阿朴吗啡作为催吐剂。
最后,本发明的药物剂型优选也不含苦味物质。苦味物质和有效用量可见于US-2003/0064099A1,其相应的公开内容应视为本申请的公开内容并经此引用并入本文。苦味物质的实例是芳香油,如薄荷油、桉树油、苦杏仁油、薄荷醇、果实芳香物质、来自柠檬、橙子、酸橙、葡萄柚的芳香物质或它们的混合物和/或地那铵苯甲酸盐。
本发明的药物剂型因此优选不含刺激鼻道和/或咽喉的物质,也不含药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质(A)的拮抗剂,也不含催吐剂,也不含苦味物质。
本发明的药物剂型优选适合口服给药。
通常,本发明的药物剂型呈片剂形式。优选地,该药物剂型不是薄膜形式,也不是多颗粒剂形式。
本发明的药物剂型优选抗干扰。优选地,基于该药物剂型的机械性质实现抗干扰性以避免或至少基本阻碍粉碎。根据本发明,术语粉碎是指使用常供滥用者使用的常规方式,例如杵和研钵、锤子、槌或在力作用下粉碎的其它常规方式粉碎药物剂型。因此,抗干扰性优选是指避免或至少基本阻碍使用常规方式粉碎该药物剂型。
优选地,本发明的药物剂型的机械性质,特别是其破裂强度,基本依赖于聚环氧烷(C)的存在和空间分布,尽管其仅仅存在通常是不足以实现所述性质的。通过借助制备药物剂型的常规方法简单加工药理活性成分(A)、酸(B)、聚环氧烷(C)和任选其它赋形剂不能自动实现本发明的药物剂型的有利机械性质。实际上,通常必须为该制备选择合适的装置并且必须调节重要的加工参 数,特别是压力/力、温度和时间。因此,即使使用常规装置,通常还必须调节工艺流程以符合所需标准。
本发明的药物剂型具有至少300N,优选至少400N,更优选至少500N,再更优选至少750N,再更优选至少1000N,最优选至少1250N,特别是至少1500N的破裂强度。
药物剂型的“破裂强度”(抗压碎性)是技术人员已知的。在这方面可以参考例如W.A.Ritschel,Die Tablette,2.Auflage,Edition Cantor Verlag Aulendorf,2002;H Liebermann等人,Pharmaceutical dosages:Tablets,第2卷,Informa Healthcare;第2版,1990;和Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology,Informa Healthcare;第1版。
对本说明书而言,破裂强度优选被定义为使药物剂型破裂(=破裂力)所必需的力的量。因此,对本说明书而言,该药物剂型优选在破裂,即断裂成至少两个相互分离的独立部分时没有表现出所需破裂强度。但是,在另一优选实施方案中,如果力降低了在测量(见下文)过程中测得的最高力的25%(阈值),则该药物剂型被视为破裂。
本发明的药物剂型与传统药物剂型的区别在于,由于它们的破裂强度,它们不能通过用常规工具,例如杵和研钵、锤、槌或其它普通粉碎工具,特别是为此目的开发的装置(片剂压碎机)施加力来粉碎。在这方面“粉碎”是指弄碎成小粒子,它们在合适的介质中立即释放药理活性化合物(A),优选阿片样物质。避免粉碎事实上防止经口或肠胃外,特别是静脉内或经鼻滥用。
传统片剂通常在任何延伸方向上具有远低于200N的破裂强度。可根据下列经验式估测传统圆形片剂的破裂强度:破裂强度[以N计]=10x片剂直径[以毫米计]。因此,根据所述经验式,破裂强度为至少300N的圆形片剂需要至少30mm的直径。但是,这样的片剂无法吞服。上述经验式优选不适用于本发明的药物剂型,其不是传统的而是特殊的。
此外,实际平均咀嚼力为大约220N(参见例如P.A.Proeschel等人,J Dent Res,2002,81(7),464-468)。这意味着破裂强度远低于200N的传统片剂可以在自发咀嚼时破碎,而本发明的药物剂型不能。
此外,当施加大约9.81m/s2的重力加速度时,300N相当于大于30kg的重力,即本发明的药物剂型可优选承受大于30kg的重量而不粉碎。
测量药物剂型的破裂强度的方法是技术人员已知的。合适的装置可购得。
例如,可以根据Eur.Ph.5.0,2.9.8或6.0,2.09.08″Resistance to Crushing of Tablets″测量破裂强度(抗压碎性)。该试验旨在在规定的条件下测定片剂的抗压碎性,这通过经压碎破坏它们所需的力衡量。该装置由相互面对的2个卡爪构成,其中之一朝另一个运动。卡爪的平坦表面垂直于运动方向。卡爪的压碎表面是平坦的并大于与片剂的接触区。使用精确度为1牛顿的系统校准该装置。将片剂置于卡爪之间,如果适用,将形状、刻痕和刻字计入考虑;对每个测量而言,片剂相对于施力方向(和测量破裂强度用的延伸方向)以相同方式取向。对10个片剂进行测量,注意在每次测定之前除去片剂的所有碎片。结果表示为测得的力的平均、最小和最大值,都以牛顿表示。
破裂强度(破裂力)的类似描述可见于USP。或者,可以根据其中所述的方法测量破裂强度,在其中规定,破裂强度是使片剂在具体平面中破坏(即破裂)所需的力。通常将片剂置于两个压板之间,一个压板移动以向该片剂施加足以造成破裂的力。对传统圆形(圆形横截面)片剂而言,穿过它们的直径发生加载(有时被称作直径加载),并在该平面中出现破裂。片剂的破裂力在制药文献中常被称作硬度;但是,这种术语的使用是误导性的。在材料科学中,术语硬度是指表面的抗小探针贯入或压入性。术语压碎强度也常用于描述片剂对压缩载荷的施加的抵抗力。尽管这种术语比硬度更精确地描述该试验的真实性质,但其暗示片剂在试验过程中被实际压碎,但情况常常不是如此。
或者,可以根据WO 2005/016313、WO 2005/016314和WO 2006/082099测量破裂强度(抗压碎性),它们可以被视为Eur.Ph中所述的方法的修改。用于测量的装置优选为″Zwick Z 2.5″材料测试器,在1150毫米的最大拉伸下Fmax=2.5kN,其应该用一个柱和一个心轴装配,间隙低于100毫米,试验速度可以用试验控制软件在0.1和800mm/min之间调节。使用带有拧入式插入物的压力活塞和圆筒(直径10毫米)、力传感器(Fmax.1kN,直径=8mm,根据ISO 7500-1,等级0.5从10N开始,等级1从2N开始,具有依据DIN 55350-18的制造商试验证书M(Zwick毛力Fmax=1.45kN)(所有装置来自Zwick GmbH & Co.KG,Ulm,Germany))进行测量,测试器的订单号BTC-FR 2.5 TH.D09,力传感器的订单号BTC-LC 0050N.P01,定心装置的订单号BO 70000 S06。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,借助破裂强度测试器,例如Sotax,类型HT100或类型HT1(Allschwil,Switzerland)测量破裂强度。 HT100和 HT1都可以根据两种不同的测量原理测量破裂强度:恒速(其中试验卡爪以5-200mm/min的可调恒速移动)或恒力(其中试验卡爪从5-100N/sec可线性调节地提高力)。原则上,这两种测量原理都适合测量本发明的药物剂型的破裂强度。优选地,以恒速,优选以120mm/min的恒速测量破裂强度。
在一个优选实施方案中,该药物剂型如果断裂成至少两个分离的碎片,则被视为破裂。
本发明的药物剂型优选在宽温度范围内表现出机械强度,除破裂强度(抗压碎性)外,任选还具有充足硬度、抗冲击性、冲击弹性、拉伸强度和/或弹性模量,任选还在低温下(例如低于-24℃,低于-40℃或在液氮中),以使其几乎不可能通过自发咀嚼、在研钵中研磨、捣碎等粉碎。因此,优选地,甚至在低或非常低的温度下,例如在最初将该药物剂型冷冻以提高其脆性,例如冷冻至低于-25℃,低于-40℃的温度或甚至在液氮中时也能保持本发明的药物剂型的比较高的破裂强度。
本发明的药物剂型以一定程度的破裂强度为特征。这并非意味着该药物剂型也必须表现出一定程度的硬度。硬度和破裂强度是不同的物理性质。因此,药物剂型的抗干扰性并不必须取决于药物剂型的硬度。例如,分别由于其破裂强度、冲击强度、弹性模量和拉伸强度,该药物剂型在例如使用锤子施加外力时优选可变形,例如塑性变形,但不能粉碎,即碎成大量碎片。换言之,本发明的药物剂型以一定程度的破裂强度为特征,但不必须也以一定程度的形状稳定性为特征。
因此,在本说明书的含义中,暴露在特定延伸方向上的力下时变形但不破裂(塑性变形或塑性流动)的药物剂型优选被视为在所述延伸方向上具有所需破裂强度。
本发明的特别优选的实施方案涉及具有至少300N的破裂强度并通过热熔挤出热成型的抗干扰药物剂型,所述药物剂型包含
-药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质,特别优选选自羟吗啡酮、羟考酮、氢吗啡酮及其生理学可接受的盐的阿片样物质;
-生理学可接受的游离多羧酸(B),优选柠檬酸,其中酸(B)的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.001至5.0重量%的范围内;
-抗氧化剂,其中该抗氧化剂优选α-生育酚的含量在该药物剂型总重量的0.001至5.0重量%的范围内;和
-重均分子量Mw为至少200,000克/摩尔的聚环氧烷(C);
其中
-药理活性成分(A)包埋在包含聚环氧烷(C)的基质中,所述基质控制药理活性成分(A)从该药物剂型中的释放;和
-在40℃和75%相对湿度下贮存4周后,药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质(A)的含量合计为其贮存前的原始含量的至少98.0%。
本发明的药物剂型可通过不同方法制造,下面更详细解释其中特别优选的方法。在现有技术中已经描述了几种合适的方法。在这方面可以参考例如WO 2005/016313、WO 2005/016314、WO 2005/063214、WO 2005/102286、WO 2006/002883、WO 2006/002884、WO 2006/002886、WO 2006/082097和WO 2006/082099。
本发明还涉及可通过下文所述的任何方法获得的药物剂型。
通常,本发明的药物剂型的制造方法优选包括下列步骤:
(a)混合所有成分;
(b)任选预成形获自步骤(a)的混合物,优选通过对获自步骤(a)的混合物施加热和/或力,供应的热量优选不足以将聚环氧烷(C)加热至其软化点;
(c)通过施加热和力,使该混合物硬化,可以在施力过程中和/或之前提供热,供应的热量足以将聚环氧烷(C)至少加热至其软化点;
(d)任选将该硬化混合物切成单片;
(e)任选将该药物剂型成形;和
(f)任选提供薄膜包衣。
可以例如通过接触或借助热气体,如热空气,或借助超声直接供应热。可以施加力和/或可以例如通过直接压片或借助合适的挤出机,特别是借助配有两个螺杆的螺杆挤出机(双螺杆挤出机)或借助行星式齿轮挤出机来将该药物剂型成形。
可以在通过施加热和力的混合物硬化过程中(步骤(c))或在后继步骤(步骤(e))中提供该药物剂型的最终形状。在这两种情况下,所有组分的混合物都优选为塑化状态,即优选在至少高于聚环氧烷(C)的软化点的温度下进行 成形。但是,在较低温度,例如环境温度下挤出也可以并且是优选的。
可以例如借助包含适当形状的模具和冲头的压片机进行成形。
本发明的药物剂型的特别优选的制造方法涉及热熔挤出。在这种方法中,通过借助挤出机热成型来制造本发明的药物剂型,优选没有任何可观察到的挤出物的随之发生的变色。已经令人惊讶地发现,酸(B)能够抑制变色。在不存在酸(B)的情况下,挤出物倾向于产生米色至微黄色,而在酸(B)存在下,挤出物基本无色,即白色。
该方法的特征在于
a)混合所有组分;
b)在挤出机中将所得混合物至少加热至聚环氧烷(C)的软化点并通过施加力经挤出机的出口孔挤出,
c)将仍塑性的挤出物切成单片并成型成药物剂型或
d)将冷却和任选再加热的切成单片的挤出物成型成药物剂型。
根据工艺步骤a)的组分混合也可以在挤出机中进行。
组分也可以在本领域技术人员已知的混合机中混合。该混合机可以例如是辊混合机、摇振混合机、剪切混合机或强制式混合机。
在与其余组分共混之前,优选根据本发明向聚环氧烷(C)提供抗氧化剂,优选α-生育酚。这可以通过混合这两种组分聚环氧烷(C)和抗氧化剂混合来进行,优选通过将抗氧化剂溶解或悬浮在高挥发性溶剂中并将这种溶液或悬浮液与聚环氧烷(C)均匀混合并干燥以除去溶剂,优选在惰性气氛下干燥。
已经在挤出机中至少加热至聚环氧烷(C)的软化点的优选熔融混合物经由具有至少一个钻孔的模具从该挤出机中挤出。
本发明的方法要求使用合适的挤出机,优选螺杆挤出机。配有两个螺杆的螺杆挤出机(双螺杆挤出机)特别优选。
优选进行挤出以使由挤出造成的束膨胀不大于30%,即在使用具有直径例如6毫米的钻孔的模具时,挤出的束应具有不大于8毫米的直径。更优选地,该束的膨胀不大于25%,再更优选不大于20%,最优选不大于15%,特别是不大于10%。
优选地,在不存在水的情况下进行挤出,即不添加水。但是,可存在痕量水(例如由大气湿度造成)。
该挤出机优选包含至少两个温度区,在第一区中将该混合物至少加热至聚环氧烷(C)的软化点,该区域在进料区和任选混合区下游。该混合物的通过量优选为1.0千克至15千克/小时。在一个优选实施方案中,该通过量为1至3.5千克/小时。在另一优选实施方案中,该通过量为4至15千克/小时。
在一个优选实施方案中,模头压力在25至100巴的范围内。尤其可通过模具几何学、温度分布和挤出速度调节模头压力。
模具几何学或钻孔几何学可自由选择。因此模具或钻孔可表现出圆形、长椭圆形或椭圆形横截面,其中圆形横截面优选具有0.1毫米至15毫米的直径,长椭圆形横截面优选具有21毫米的最大纵向长度和10毫米的横向长度。优选地,该模具或钻孔具有圆形横截面。根据本发明使用的挤出机的外壳可以加热或冷却。设置相应的温度控制,即加热或冷却以使待挤出的混合物至少表现出与聚环氧烷(C)的软化温度对应的平均温度(产品温度)并且不会升至可能破坏要加工的药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质的温度以上。优选地,将待挤出的混合物的温度调节至低于180℃,优选低于150℃,但至少调节至聚环氧烷(C)的软化温度。典型挤出温度为120℃和130℃。
在一个优选实施方案中,挤出机转矩在30至95%的范围内。尤其可通过模具几何学、温度分布和挤出速度调节挤出机转矩。
在挤出熔融混合物并任选冷却一束或多束挤出束后,优选将挤出物切成单片。优选通过借助回转或旋转切刀、水射流切割机、线、刀片或借助激光切割机切割挤出物来进行这种切成单片。
该任选切成单片的挤出物或最终形状的本发明的药物剂型的中间或最终贮存优选在可例如借助除氧剂实现的无氧气氛下进行。
可以将切成单片的挤出物压制成型为片剂以赋予该药物剂型最终形状。
通过控制挤出机中的传送装置的旋转速度及其几何学和通过设置出口孔的尺寸以在挤出机中积聚挤出塑化混合物所必需的压力,优选在临挤出之前,从而调节在挤出机中施加到所述至少塑化混合物上的力。可以通过简单的初步测试确定对各特定组合物而言产生具有所需机械性质的药物剂型所必需的挤出参数。
例如但非限制性地,可以借助ZSE 18或ZSE 27类型的双螺杆挤出机(Leistritz,Nürnberg,Germany,螺杆直径18或27毫米)进行挤出。可以使用具有偏心端的螺杆。可以使用具有直径7、8或9毫米的圆形钻孔的可加热模具。可以将挤出参数调节至例如下列值:螺杆旋转速度:120Upm;传输速率ZSE 18为2千克/小时,ZSE 27为8千克/小时;产品温度:模具前125℃和模具后135℃;夹套温度:110℃。
优选地,借助双螺杆挤出机或行星式齿轮挤出机进行挤出,双螺杆挤出机(共转或对转)特别优选。
优选通过借助挤出机热成型来制造本发明的药物剂型,没有任何可观察到的挤出物的随之发生的变色。
本发明的药物剂型的制备方法优选连续进行。优选地,该方法涉及挤出所有组分的均匀混合物。如果由此获得的中间体,例如通过挤出获得的束表现出均匀性质,则特别有利。特别合意的是均匀密度、活性化合物的均匀分布、均匀机械性质、均匀孔隙率、表面的均匀外观等。仅在这些情况下才能确保药理学性质的均匀性,如释放模式的稳定性并可以保持低的次品量。
本发明的另一方面涉及含有本发明的药物剂型和除氧剂的包装。合适的包装包括泡罩包装和瓶子,如玻璃瓶或由热塑性聚合物制成的瓶子。
合适的除氧剂是技术人员已知的。该除氧剂可以是本领域中已知除氧的任何清除剂。有机和无机除氧剂都可以使用。
在一个实施方案中,除氧剂是表现出除氧活性的任何金属络合物。实例包括含有铝、铝硅铁、锑、铍、钙硅、铈、钴、镓、铪、铁、镁合金、镍催化剂、硒、硅、银、锶、钛、锌和/或锆中的一种或多种的络合物。
在另一实施方案中,一种或多种选自周期表第IA族的元素及其合金和化合物可用作除氧剂。第IA族元素的实例包括铯、锂、钾、钠。无机除氧剂的进一步实例包括叠氮化钠(NaN3)、亚硫酸钠(Na2SO3)、肼和羟胺中的一种或多种。
在一个实施方案中,该除氧剂是有机化合物。实例包括多萜烯、抗坏血酸、氨基多羧酸、环己二酮、四甲基哌啶酮和具有N-取代的氨基的杂环化合物中的一种或多种。
除氧剂及其在药物包装中的应用是技术人员已知的。在一个优选实施方案中,除氧剂选自金属催化的可氧化有机聚合物和抗氧化剂。特别优选的是能在低于60%相对湿度,优选低于30%相对湿度的干燥环境中工作并与干燥剂结合 的那些除氧剂。满足这些要求的市售除氧剂的实例包括 KD10和KD20。
已经令人惊讶地发现,当使该包装内的气氛的氧含量保持低时,可以提高该药物剂型的贮存稳定性。包装药物剂型的方法和合适的除氧剂的应用是技术人员已知的。在这方面可以参考例如D.A.Dean,Pharmaceutical Packaging Technology,Taylor & Francis,第1版;F.A.Paine等人,Packaging Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Products,Springer,第1版;和O.G.Piringer等人,Plastic Packaging:Interactions with Food and Pharmaceuticals,Wiley-VCH,第2版。
就包装而言,由聚烯烃,优选由HDPE制成的圆形瓶子是优选的。瓶壁的厚度优选为至少0.25毫米,更优选至少0.5毫米,否则瓶子可能坍塌。
就包装盖而言,该包装优选用铝箔感应或热密封。
已经令人惊讶地发现,通过选择包装和密封的适当形状,可以在不造成包装坍塌的情况下控制由除氧剂的作用产生的真空(大约20,000Pa=2N/cm2的负压)。感应密封(例如3秒能量)是优选的。当用铝箔密封具有直径1英寸的开口的75毫升瓶子时,由除氧造成的20,000Pa的负压产生大约10N的力,这相当于1千克重物施加的力。
可以通过在瓶子中引入适当量的除氧剂、密封其并等待充足时间,例如2天以清除氧并产生大约20,000Pa的负压来测试密封的机械稳定性。或者,可以在其内部没有任何除氧剂的情况下密封该瓶子并在外部在该铝箔上放置1千克重物,由此模拟该力。
本发明的另一方面涉及药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质用于制造如上所述治疗疼痛的药物剂型的用途。
本发明的另一方面涉及如上所述的药物剂型用于避免或阻碍其中所含的药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质的滥用的用途。
本发明的另一方面涉及如上所述的药物剂型用于避免或阻碍其中所含的阿片样物质(A)的无意过量给药的用途。
在这方面,本发明还涉及如上所述的药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质和/或如上所述的聚环氧烷(C)用于制造预防和/或治疗疾病的本发明的药物剂型的用途,由此防止药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质的过量给药,特别由于通过机械作用粉碎该药物剂型的过量给药。
此外,本发明涉及预防和/或治疗疾病的方法,包括施用本发明的药物剂型,由此防止药理活性成分(A),优选阿片样物质的过量给药,特别由于通过机械作用粉碎该药物剂型的过量给药。优选地,所述机械作用选自咀嚼、在研钵中研磨、捣碎和使用粉碎传统药物剂型的装置。
下列实施例进一步例证本发明而不被视为限制其范围。
实施例1
通过各种均匀成分混合物在下列相同挤出条件下的热熔挤出制备片剂:
挤出机类型:配有高剪切螺杆和9毫米直径模具的Leistritz挤出机ZSE18PH 40D
通过量:1.0kg/h
旋转速度:100rpm
机筒温度:100℃
挤出物温度:120℃
将挤出物切成含有大约5毫克羟吗啡酮盐酸盐的325毫克切片。
挤出混合物的各个成分以及在加速贮存条件下贮存之前和之后的分解产物总量概括在下表中:
(A):羟吗啡酮盐酸盐
PEO:聚环氧乙烷Mw 7mio g/mol
PEG:聚乙二醇6000
HPMC:羟丙甲纤维素100,000Pa*s
α-toc.:α-生育酚
oNo:羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物(混合物)
∑:所有杂质的总和
1:挤出后,贮存前
2:贮存后,琥珀色玻璃瓶,塑料盖,4周,40℃,75%相对湿度
通过HPLC-UV分析分解产物。羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物的洗脱峰不能与未知降解产物(所谓“UK 0.83”)的峰充分基线分离。因此,这两个峰都共同积分。从实施例A1至A5的比较显而易见,当抗氧化剂α-生育酚的含量从1.5重量%降至1.0重量%、0.5重量%、0.2重量%和甚至0重量%时,贮存前的羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物含量(oNo1)没有显著改变。但是,在贮存后(oNo2),羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物的含量与α-生育酚的含量成比例。这是最令人惊讶的,因为羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物是氧化产物且本来预计抗氧化剂通常抑制而非支持氧化产物的形成。
但是,完全省略抗氧化剂(α-生育酚)可具有缺点。通过粘度测量(在不存在酸(B)的情况下)显示,高分子聚环氧乙烷在不存在抗氧化剂的情况下挤出和/或贮存时降解。但是,现在已经令人惊讶地发现,在一定程度上,酸(B)又可补偿这种降解,以致在某些实施方案中可以省略抗氧化剂或可以显著降低其含量。
已经令人惊讶地发现,大约0.2重量%α-生育酚足以稳定聚环氧乙烷;更高的α-生育酚含量不会造成聚环氧烷的更高粘度,因此不会更显著地防止PEO 降解。因此,优选平衡抗氧化剂(α-生育酚)的含量以便一方面充分稳定高分子量聚环氧乙烷,另一方面在贮存过程中保持低的羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物的不想要的形成。
此外,从实施例B1至B4和实施例C1至C4的比较明显看出,部分替代高分子量聚环氧乙烷或用其它增塑剂完全替代聚乙二醇不造成不想要的羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物的含量的显著降低。这是令人惊讶的,因为本来预计聚环氧乙烷和聚乙二醇是可能的过氧化物载体且其降低造成氧化过程,如羟吗啡酮至羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物的氧化减少。
再进一步,从实施例D1至D5和E1至E4的比较明显看出,生理学可接受的酸,特别是柠檬酸的添加导致羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物的形成减少。当提高酸的量时,这种作用更显著。在0.1重量%的浓度下,该作用比较弱,但在0.2重量%的浓度下,该作用更强,并在提高柠檬酸浓度时进一步增强。不仅羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物的量降低,分解产物,特别是具有高HPLC停留时间的那些的总量也降低。
实施例2:
将与上述实施例A1、B1、C1、D1和E1类似制成的片剂包装在不同包装材料中并贮存在40℃和75%相对湿度下。在加速贮存条件下贮存之前和之后的分解产物概括在下表中:
已经令人惊讶地发现,在包装中包含除氧剂导致该剂型的进一步稳定,从而将分解产物的形成限制至极低值。
实施例3:
如实施例1中所述制造片剂,与除氧剂以及干燥剂(Pharmakeep 20KD)一起包装到体积75毫升的HDPE瓶中,用具有感应封条的塑料盖封闭。
挤出混合物的各个成分、在加速贮存条件下贮存之前和之后的分解产物总量概括在下表中:
(A):羟吗啡酮盐酸盐
PEO:聚环氧乙烷Mw 7mio g/mol
PEG:聚乙二醇6000
HPMC:羟丙甲纤维素100,000Pa*s
α-toc.:α-生育酚
oNo:羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物(混合物)
∑:所有杂质的总和
1:挤出后,贮存前
2:贮存后,HDPE瓶,具有感应封条的塑料盖,除氧剂,4周,40℃,75%相对湿度
3:贮存后,HDPE瓶,具有感应封条的塑料盖,除氧剂,8周,40℃,75%相对湿度
结果表明在制造后产物纯度极高,该产物在40℃/75%相对湿度的加速条件下贮存8周的过程中表现稳定。
实施例4:
如实施例1中所述制造片剂但切成含有5毫克或40毫克羟吗啡酮HCl的215毫克切片,在片剂成形后用各约6.5毫克的含有聚乙烯醇作为成膜赋形剂的常规Opadry II薄膜包衣包覆,与除氧剂以及干燥剂(Pharmakeep 20KD)一起包 装到体积75毫升的HDPE瓶中,用具有感应封条的塑料盖封闭。
挤出混合物的各个成分、在加速贮存条件下贮存之前和之后的分解产物总量概括在下表中:
(A):羟吗啡酮盐酸盐
PEO:聚环氧乙烷Mw 7mio g/mol
PEG:聚乙二醇6000
HPMC:羟丙甲纤维素100,000Pa*s
α-toc.:α-生育酚
oNo:羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物(混合物)
∑:所有杂质的总和
1:挤出后,贮存前
2:贮存后,HDPE瓶,具有感应封条的塑料盖,除氧剂,1个月,40℃,75%相对湿度
实施例5:
根据实施例3的最优选剂型也适合稳定羟考酮。类似于实施例1制成的含有80毫克羟考酮HCl的制剂可证实这一点,但该挤出物切成400毫克切片:
(A):羟考酮
PEO:聚环氧乙烷Mw 7mio g/mol
PEG:聚乙二醇6000
HPMC:羟丙甲纤维素100,000Pa*s
α-toc.:α-生育酚
oNo:羟考酮-N-氧化物(杂质D+E)
1:挤出后,贮存前
2:贮存后,琥珀色玻璃瓶,塑料盖,除氧剂及干燥剂(Pharmakeep 20KD)1个月,40℃,75%相对湿度
实施例6:
在治疗之间隔1周的单剂(40毫克羟吗啡酮HCl,实施例4的片剂)随机化三向交叉试验中,使对象禁食整夜,并在给药后4和10小时进食。在给药±1小时内不给水。所有片剂都用240毫升水服用(实施例T)。
取给药前和给药后最多至48小时的羟吗啡酮和6-OH-羟吗啡酮的PK样品。
与Opana ER(参照物R)比较生物等效性。
结果概括在下表中:
点估计T/R | 下限90%CI | 上限90%CI | |
Cmax | 79.37 | 71.69 | 87.87 |
AUCT | 101.98 | 95.17 | 109.29 |
AUC | 102.24 | 95.48 | 109.48 |
CI=置信区间
可以明显看出,具有提高的破裂强度的本发明的剂型与传统剂型(Opana ER)生物等效。
实施例7:
通过两种均匀成分混合物I1和I2的热熔挤出在相同条件下制备片剂:
I1 | I2 | |
羟吗啡酮HCl[%] | 11.1 | 11.1 |
PEO[%] | 68.2 | 63.2 |
PEG[%] | 10.0 | 15.0 |
HPMC Shin Etsu[%] | 10.0 | 10.0 |
α-生育酚[%] | 0.2 | 0.2 |
柠檬酸,无水[%] | 0.5 | 0.5 |
片剂重量[mg] | 360 | 360 |
PEO∶PEG | 6.82∶1 | 4.21∶1 |
在下列相同挤出条件下:
挤出机类型:配有中剪切螺杆和8毫米直径模具的Leistritz挤出机类型Micro 27GL 40D
通过量:10kg/h
旋转速度:120rpm
制造时间:30min
最热加热区的温度:100℃
模具温度:130℃。
将挤出物切成含有大约40毫克羟吗啡酮盐酸盐的360毫克切片。
将100个切片逐一称重并计算重量的标准偏差。组合物I1(PEO∶PEG=6.82∶1)的切片表现出2.3%的标准偏差,而组合物I2(PEO∶PEG=4.21∶1)的切片仅表现出1.6%的标准偏差。
从这些对比试验明显看出,令人惊讶地,通过调节PEO/PEG比,可以改进挤出物料的可加工性。
实施例8:
为了研究柠檬酸以外的多羧酸是否也可阻碍羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物的形成,如实施例1中所述制造含有马来酸或富马酸的片剂。为了比较,也制造含有无机盐NaH2PO4的片剂。样品在敞口皿中在40℃和75%相对湿度下贮存4周。
挤出混合物的各个成分以及在加速贮存条件下贮存之前和之后的分解产物总量概括在下表中:
(A):羟吗啡酮盐酸盐
PEO:聚环氧乙烷Mw 7mio g/mol
PEG:聚乙二醇6000
HPMC:羟丙甲纤维素100,000Pa*s
α-toc.:α-生育酚
*NaH2PO4:以1.3%二水合物的形式使用
oNo:羟吗啡酮-N-氧化物(混合物)
∑:所有杂质的总和;从杂质总和中减去马来酸、富马酸和相关化合物
1:挤出后,贮存前
2:贮存后,敞口皿,4周,40℃,75%相对湿度
在纯度试验过程中,作为杂质,在马来酸和富马酸的情况中检测这些化合物,在马来酸的情况中检测其它相关化合物(多达大约40%)。已从杂质总和中减去它们的值。
从实施例J1和J2与A1和B1的比较明显看出马来酸和富马酸的存在完全防止羟吗啡酮氧化成N-氧化物并在很大程度上防止其它降解,尽管样品贮存在敞口皿而非封闭瓶中。这些结果与用柠檬酸获得的那些(实施例1,D4和E2-E4)相当。含有NaH2PO4的样品(J3)与不含任何酸性化合物的制剂(A1和B1)相比表现出防止N-氧化物形成和其它降解,但防护程度低于多羧酸,如柠檬酸、马来酸和富马酸。
实施例9:
为了研究柠檬酸的存在是否也保护羟吗啡酮以外的氧化敏感的阿片样物质免受N-氧化,如实施例1中所述制造含有羟考酮盐酸盐的片剂。
为了比较,也制造含有更少量α-生育酚的片剂。这些样品在敞口皿中在40℃和75%相对湿度下贮存4周。
挤出混合物的各个成分以及在加速贮存条件下贮存之前和之后的分解产物总量概括在下表中:
(A):羟考酮盐酸盐
PEO:聚环氧乙烷Mw 7mio g/mol
PEG:聚乙二醇6000
HPMC:羟丙甲纤维素100,000Pa*s
α-toc.:α-生育酚
oNo:羟考酮-N-氧化物
∑:所有杂质的总和
1:挤出后,贮存前
2:贮存后,敞口皿,4周,40℃,75%相对湿度
这些结果表明柠檬酸完全防止羟考酮氧化成N-氧化物并在很大程度上防止其它降解,尽管样品贮存在敞口皿而非封闭瓶中。当使用不含柠檬酸的制剂时,降低α-生育酚的量造成降解减少。这些结果与用羟吗啡酮获得的那些相当。
实施例10:
根据实施例1,由下列组合物制造含有盐酸曲马多的片剂:
L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | |
盐酸曲马多[%] | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 |
PEO[%] | 61.0 | 61.7 | 61.2 | 61.5 |
PEG[%] | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 |
HPMC[%] | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
α-生育酚[%] | 0.2 | - | - | 0.2 |
柠檬酸,无水[%] | 0.5 | - | 0.5 | - |
片剂重量[mg] | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 |
PEO∶PEG | 4.07∶1 | 4.11∶1 | 4.08∶1 | 4.10∶1 |
在下列条件下研究片剂的溶出模式:配有排水孔的桨装置,75rpm,37℃,600毫升模拟肠液pH 6.8(磷酸盐缓冲液)。在271纳米光谱检测曲马多的释放模式。
结果显示在图1中。
根据实施例L2的片剂表现出最快溶出,其在大约480分钟后比根据实施例L1和L4的缓释片剂快大约20%。根据L3的片剂的释放比这两批快,但在480分钟后仍比根据L2的片剂慢大约6%。
这是令人惊讶的,因为观察到α-生育酚的存在对溶出模式的极大影响。考虑到α-生育酚在该制剂中的作用是充当防止聚合物降解的抗氧化剂,这特 别令人惊讶。
令人惊讶地,柠檬酸的存在补偿一小部分这种作用。
实施例11:
通过根据实施例L1(实施例10)的片剂在适当量的水中的溶胀,获得均匀凝胶。因此,使根据实施例L2至L4的片剂在相同量的水中,即在相同条件下溶胀以获得各自的凝胶。接着测量各凝胶的粘度作为其中所含的环氧乙烷的聚合物链长的间接度量。借助旋转粘度计在40s-1的剪切速率下进行粘度测量。
α-生育酚 | 柠檬酸 | 粘度(mPas) | |
L1 | + | + | 381 |
L2 | - | - | 67 |
L3 | - | + | 154 |
L4 | + | - | 337 |
与实施例10的溶出模式相比,获得相同等级:根据实施例L2的制剂表现出最低粘度,而根据实施例L1和L4的制剂表现出最高粘度。根据实施例L3的制剂表现出明显低于这两个高粘度制剂的粘度,但仍优于制剂L2。
制剂L1和L4的较高粘度指示其中所含的聚环氧乙烷的较高平均聚合物链长。明显地,制剂L1和L4中所含的聚环氧乙烷比制剂L2和L3较少地受剂型制造过程中的氧化降解影响。
概括溶出模式(实施例10)测量和粘度测定的结果,可以得出结论,对不含α-生育酚的批次(实施例L2和L3)而言,溶出速度的提高基于制造过程中更显著的聚合物降解。
这些结果表明酸(B),例如柠檬酸也在制造过程中对聚合物具有保护作用。不含任何α-生育酚但含柠檬酸的制剂L3表现出比既不含α-生育酚又不含柠檬酸的制剂L2更高的粘度和更低的溶出加速度。
Claims (10)
1.抗干扰药物剂型,其是片剂形式的,具有至少300 N的破裂强度,通过包含下列材料的混合物热熔挤出而热成型:
- 通式(I)的阿片样物质(A)
其中
R1是-H、-OH或-OC1-6-烷基;
R2是-H或-C1-6-烷基;
R3是-H或-OH且R4是-H;或R3和R4一起是=O;且
----是任选双键;
或其生理学可接受的盐,
- 药物剂型总重量的0.3±0.18重量%的量的生理学可接受的游离多羧酸(B),其中所述多羧酸选自马来酸、富马酸和柠檬酸,
- 药物剂型总重量的0.003重量%至1.5重量%的量的α-生育酚;和
- 重均分子量Mw为至少200,000克/摩尔的聚环氧烷(C)选自聚亚甲基氧化物、聚环氧乙烷和聚环氧丙烷、它们的共聚物和混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗干扰药物剂型,其中在40°C和75%相对湿度下贮存4周后,阿片样物质(A)的含量合计为其贮存前的原始含量的至少98.0%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗干扰药物剂型,其中在40°C和75%相对湿度下贮存4周后,聚环氧烷(C)的含量合计为其贮存前的原始含量的至少98.0%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗干扰药物剂型,其中阿片样物质(A)包埋在包含聚环氧烷(C)的基质中,所述基质控制阿片样物质(A)从该药物剂型中的释放。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗干扰药物剂型,其中阿片样物质(A)选自羟吗啡酮、羟考酮、氢吗啡酮及其生理学可接受的盐。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗干扰药物剂型,其中聚环氧烷(C)与阿片样物质(A)的相对重量比为至少1:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抗干扰药物剂型,其适合每天一次或每天两次给药。
8.根据权利要求1所述的抗干扰药物剂型,其具有至少500 N的破裂强度。
9.含有根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的抗干扰药物剂型和除氧剂的包装。
10.根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的抗干扰药物剂型的制造方法,包括下列步骤:
a) 混合所有组分;
b) 在挤出机中将所得混合物至少加热至聚环氧烷(C)的软化点并通过施加力经挤出机的出口孔挤出,
c) 将仍塑性的挤出物切成单片并将其成型成药物剂型或
d) 冷却和任选再加热该切成单片的挤出物并将其成型成药物剂型。
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