CN101326882A - Method for comprehensively using fruit, grass and livestock in Jinsha river dry heat river valley degraded mountainous region - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively using fruit, grass and livestock in Jinsha river dry heat river valley degraded mountainous region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a comprehensive method for utilizing fruit trees, pastures and livestock on the deteriorated mountain lands at the dry and hot valley of Jinsha River, pertaining to the field of forestry, pasture and livestock. The method includes 8 steps, i.e. species selection, seedling raising, preparation of interplanting land, interplanting, care and protection, collection of fruits and legumens, cradling column flowers to feed goats and as well as stable-breeding and semi-stable-breeding of goats. The species select tamarind, column flower/grass and goat; by seedling raising, rational thick-planting, bottom dressing, top dressing, dry-season irrigation, feeding goats with column flower and grass, stable-breeding and semi-stable-breeding of goats, the total nitrogen of 0-20cm soil stratum of the planting area with 2 years of interplanting is increased by 0.025 percent, the organic substance is increased by 0.29 percent, the beneficial self-cycle of water and nutrition is achieved, and the cost is reduced; after 2 years of interplanting, the column flower and grass are used to feed goats, the income of the first year increases by RMB 7050-11150/hectare and the income of the second year increases by RMB 17850-26050/hectare; in addition, the harmonious development of the forestry, pasture and livestock and the improvement of deteriorated mountain lands at the dry and hot valley of Jinsha River are ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural synthesis and utilize technical field.Be specifically related to a kind of Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley degraded mountainous region fruit, grass and livestock method of comprehensive utilization.
Background technology
Had many in the prior art about " fruit, grass and livestock comprehensive utilization technique " or " the woods grass holds comprehensive utilization technique ", dry-hot valley area, Jinsha jiang River arid is scorching, vegetation coverage is low, severe water and soil erosion but The present invention be directed to, the special soil climatic ecology condition of soil depletion, and the rural economy level is low, conceding the land to forestry and grass and animal husbandry development are particularly thorny, carried out the research of species apolegamy and related technical measures, the method for comprehensive utilization that the tamarind of proposition and khuskhus composite plant combine with stock keeping.
Dry-hot valley basin, Jinsha jiang River is positioned at 25.5～28 ° of N, and the area between 100.3～103.6 ° of E belongs to the south subtropics weather.Average annual rainfall is 558～801.2mm, and evaporation discharge 2636～3830mm is 3.4～6.0 times of rainfall, dry K value 1.5～2.8.17.9～21.9 ℃ of year-round average temperatures.Year sunshine duration 2179.4～2736h is the whole province district at many sunshines.Rainfall concentrates on for 6～October, high temperature and drought, and soil is barren, and the content of organic matter is low, and is quite outstanding based on the soil degradation problem of water and soil loss, water and soil loss area 13.5 ten thousand hm
2, account for 36.4% of the basin gross area.In order to give full play to land resources, the photo-thermal resource in zone, the present invention plants good tropical pasture khuskhus in the ranks tamarind.
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) is that dark root is evergreen, half evergreen high megaphanerophyte, legume, be the seeds that not only can be used as fruit tree but also can be used as timber, also be the pioneer tree species of deserted mountain barren hill revegetation, afforestation simultaneously, be a kind of perennial economic fruit seeds of drought-resistant, impoverishment tolerant, its pod can be used as and eats raw, preserved fruit, fruit juice and health food, the tender leaf edible, timber can be made top-grade furniture.Be distributed widely in the torrid zone or subtropical zone.Therefore, the plantation tamarind both can be gathered in the crops pod, tender leaf and timber, can be used as control Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley basin water and soil loss and soil degradation again.
Khuskhus (Stylosanthes guianensis) is the torrid zone, important leguminous forage and the forage plant resource in subtropical zone, be mainly used in development of man-made grasslands and improvement of natural pasture, also be used for woods, the careless ecological engineering construction of fruit, in bringing soil erosion under control and conceding the land to forestry (grass), have important function.Its root nodule can fixed nitrogen, can improve the soil, and also can grow on barren acid infertile soil, and it is more extensive to plant planting management.The crude protein content height, the livestock and poultry of both can directly having fed also can be made hay meal and are used for manufactured feed.In recent years, along with the structural readjustment of rural industry, khuskhus is used in kind of careless stock keeping and improvement degenerated soil by extensive exploitation.Tamarind is based on nonoculture in the prior art, and khuskhus is the good forage that this research institute introduces in the recent period.Plant together between the inventive method two plant species that height is different, not only made full use of current period photo-thermal resource, improved land utilization rate, but brought into play again that khuskhus fixed nitrogen is improved the soil and as the effect of feed, mountain region, one's respective area broadness, traditional goat is cultured to put in a suitable place to breed.It is that main breeding way is supported the protection zone ecotope for the stable breeding half-turn that the present invention changes traditional putting in a suitable place to breed.The present invention will plant between two kinds of crops and goat breed comprehensive utilization, make and realized moisture, nutrient oneself benign cycle in the growing area, input reduces cost, add ring by stock keeping, increased the systematic economy output, be fit to Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley area degraded mountainous region and conceding the land to forestry and grass application, impel the metastable productivity of land area of one unit, guaranteed of the mutual coordination of woods fruit, grass and livestock industry with Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley area degraded mountainous region environment.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of suitable tamarind tree kind planting site improvement degenerated soil, improve land utilization rate, increase the method for the output value.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, tamarind is in the ranks by the column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants, because the biological nitrogen fixation of leguminous forage khuskhus improves the total soil nitrogen and the content of organic matter, between planted khuskhus 2 years, total soil nitrogen content 0～20cm soil layer and 20～40 soil layers respectively increasing degree be 0.025% and 0.025%, the content of organic matter 20～40 soil layers and 20～40 soil layers respectively increasing degree be 0.290% and 0.261%, make and realized moisture, nutrient oneself benign cycle in the growing area, reduced the cost input.
2,4 years examination flowers of tamarind plantation examination fruit, the 5th year is just profitable, if the nonoculture in the ranks of children fruit tree in age, the unit are benefit is zero.If a kind khuskhus can improve soil unit are productivity ratio, khuskhus is planted in the ranks in tamarind ground, cooperates 60% grass family forage grass by 40% khuskhus in 1 year, and per hectare only can be cultured goat 30-40, increases pure economic benefit 7050-11150 unit/hectare; Cooperated 60% grass family forage grass by 40% khuskhus in 1 year, per hectare only can be cultured goat 60-80, increases pure economic benefit 17850-26050 unit/hectare; Cooperate 60% grass family forage grass per hectare can culture goat 40-50 only by 40% khuskhus on the 3rd year, and increased pure economic benefit 11150-15250 unit/hectare (increase pure economic benefit=sell sheepshead number * 600 yuan/every to support-plant between per hectare input cost-buy sheep and the cost of labor of feeding-the 60%th, the expense of other feeds).
3, goat is carried out the stable breeding half-turn and supports, and has reduced goat and has gone up a hill and gnaw the meadow, prevents that natural meadow from degenerating, and has guaranteed the mutual coordinated development of woods fruit, grass and livestock industry with the degraded mountainous region enhancement of environment of Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley area.
The technical scheme of the inventive method by option of species, grow seedlings, kind ground preparations, a kind, manage and protect, the fruit pod gathers, cradles feed goat, foster eight steps of goat stable breeding half-turn of khuskhus and form, carry out according to the following steps:
1, option of species
The local Yunling goat that degenerates and select on serious etc. characteristics, the crop selection goat on drought-enduring, legume tamarind and leguminous forage khuskhus, the livestock or people to like according to dry-hot valley basin, Jinsha jiang River high temperature and drought, water and soil loss and mountain soil.
2, grow seedlings
Tamarind was grown seedlings before a kind in 1 year, and packed growing seedlings grown seedlings in the 4-5 month in every year.Select the plastic sack in wide 12-14cm, high 18-20cm, thick 0.03cm, with holes or hole for use, fill nutrition soil, nutrition soil is by soil: farmyard manure is to form at 4: 1.Seed is directly broadcast into allowing it cool off naturally with 65 ℃ of hot water bubble kinds before the plastic sack of filling nutrition soil, changes cold water soak 36 hours after washing seed by rubbing with the hands, pulls seed out, the vernalization of husky bed, husky 5-10cm is thick for bottom, evenly sprinkles kind, cover 3-5cm sand again, lid is careless then, and trickle is warming; The humidity of husky bed is wanted the feel humidity, keep hand to wet and do not drip, after urging seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, take out seed, directly broadcast in the plastic sack of filling nutrition soil then, the seed dark 1-2cm that buries, kind of bud exposes, and waters permeablely, and the moisture in the soil face keeps moistening in order to emerging between nursery stage, remove weeds, prevent the generation of disease damping off and powdery mildew with the spraying of 800 times of liquid of 50-70% methyl holder Tianjin wetting powder, root system is worn bag should change bag, to transplanting the 6-8 month in 1 year rainy season.
The khuskhus seed seedling-raising was grown seedlings in the 4-5 month in every year.Directly sow at railway carriage or compartment, the ground face of putting in order of growing seedlings, press 37.5-49.5kg/hm
2Grain weight is broadcasted sowing, the dark 1-2cm of earthing, and soil is higher than railway carriage or compartment face 5-10cm all around, after planting covers with straw, waters permeablely, and the moisture in the soil face keeps moistening and removes weeds in order to emerging between nursery stage, grows to the 15-20cm height when growing seedlings, and transplants in 50-60 days.
3, a kind ground is prepared
Between plant ground in advance in plantation the previous year, finish the back rainy season and prepare the 10-12 month.Be split into the wide ribbon level land of 70cm along plantation plot contour, 600cm is as line-spacing for the band center distance, by spacing in the rows 600cm dig length and width, deeply by the tamarind kind plant hole of 140 * 70 * 100cm, require press the 0-40cm topsoil and stack the top, 40-100cm subsoil stacking both sides and below.After the February in 1 year, farmyard manure 50kg and 3kg peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers are executed in every pool, or 30-40kg stable dung and 3kg peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, mix native back-filling in layers, table soil returns in lower floor, lower floor in farmyard manure and the phosphate fertilizer backfill, organic stable dung backfill at the middle and upper levels, carry out retaining circle (being the fish scale pit) after the backfill, Ying Po upper edge opening to be to tackle along the slope runoff water down, treats the rainwater field planting afterwards of soaking.Deep ploughing native 30cm ± 5 are dark between tamarind tree spacing in the rows 100-150cm, execute farmyard manure 10500-15000kg/hm
2With peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 400-600kg/hm
2Base fertilizer as the column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants.
4, a kind
The 6-8 month in rainy season plant tamarind and khuskhus in annual.Dig the dark plantation pool of 10-15cm at column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants band by seeding row spacing 50 * 50cm specification earlier before the plantation.Khuskhus is planted in the plantation pool, waters sufficient normal root water.Tamarind tree is planted in the plantation pool of 140 * 70 * 100cm, arranges planting depth according to the size of seedling, is lower than pool face 5-10cm with the shoot root base portion, long root system excision; Seedling is stood on pool central authorities, a hand steered straight seedling, proficiency backfill clay fertilizer, the soil of backfill is wanted no-sundries in small, broken bits; Backfill soil with foot-operated real, is watered sufficient normal root water to the pool at ordinary times.
5, manage and protect
(1) removal of impurities: fill the gaps with seedlings and weeding after field planting 20-40 days, the weeds at the cleaning side of a pond cover the little weeds in the side of a pond or other place around the tamarind tree of field planting.The later annual 7-8 month is cleared up the weeds of the tamarind side of a pond and khuskhus moisture in the soil face.
(2) topdress: topdress after field planting 20-30 days, described topdressing is to open the dark ditch of 10-15cm around distance tamarind sapling 7-10cm, applies and topdresses, and topdresses by N: P
2O
5: K
2O=11: 4: 13 28% composite fertilizer and 46.4% urea, composite fertilizer: urea is to form at 1: 1, every pool sowing amount that topdresses is 30-40g.Dig the dark pool of 5-10cm around khuskhus seedling 5-10cm, apply and topdress, topdressing is 46.4% urea, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is 4-8g.
1 year 7-8 month to tamarind intertill comprehensively, expand the pool, the arc ditch topdresses, the arc ditch is positioned at the inboard 50-100cm of end waterline and absorbs the root enrichment region, and ditch is long to be 1/3 of girth, dark 40cm, wide 30cm, fertilizing amount: non-operation tree is 46.4% urea 100-200g and N: P
2O
5: K
2O=11: 4: 13 28% composite fertilizer 200g; The tree of going into operation is 46.4% urea 300-400g and N: P
2O
5: K
2O=11: 4: 13 28% composite fertilizer 600g, winter, weeds extremely covered measure.Khuskhus whenever cradles and once topdresses once, digs the dark pool of 5-10cm around khuskhus seedling 5-10cm, applies and topdresses, and topdressing is 46.4% urea, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is 5-10g.
(3) irrigate: tamarind is dark root perennial plant, mainly adopts and expands the pool collection rain that dams rainy season.In view of Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley reaches 6-7 month dry season, at man-made irrigation 1-2 time in dry season.
(4) pruning: the 1-3 month in 1 year of tamarind field planting, wipe out the following weak branch of tamarind 50cm, the 1-3 month in the 3rd year is determined trunk 1-3 branch.Take to go alone according to setting, two dry type is main by body for one-tenth tree root in age; Cut weak branch, the branch of hanging down loosely, intensive branch, interior thorax branch, the branch height is 100-200cm.
(5) damage by disease and insect monitoring and control: find that damage by disease and insect notifies at once or handles; Report will be set forth the damage by disease and insect occurrence characteristic and the extent of injury, gathers representative sample, send the relevant expert to identify, prevents and treats according to the scheme of preventing and treating that the expert proposes.The tamarind damage by disease and insect is less, but generation is also arranged, and is subject to harm such as Lan Lvxiang, green chafer, poison moth, and with chrysanthemum fat, Rogor control, sick harm with powdery mildew attached most importance to, with carbendazim, powder rust spirit control.
6, the fruit pod is gathered
At tamarind tree fruit pod ripening period, to gather in good time, selected back is with the carton vanning or directly leave the indoor of ventilation, drying in.
7, cradle the khuskhus goat of feeding
Plant 1 year by the end of August-October, when khuskhus height of seedling 60-80cm, can cradle, more than the high 30cm of toothing.When khuskhus height of seedling 60-80cm, cradled in 1 year, more than the high 30cm of toothing.The khuskhus green grass that cradles cooperates the gramineous forage grass goat of directly feeding, and also can modulate hay or produce grass meal, cooperates with millet straw etc. when lack fine fodder and green grass dry season and feeds.
8, goat stable breeding half-turn is supported
(1) sheep hurdle construction: the goat colony house should possess dry nice and cool, ventilated, spacious and well-lighted, cool in summer and warm in winter, clean hygiene, characteristics such as with low cost, durable.
(2) goat is taken exercise by the transition of herding stable breeding: 1. timely supplementary feeding, adequate nutrition improves resistance.2. enough big playground is arranged, sheep is carried out positive motion, activity every day was built up health more than 8 hours, and conditions permit can suitably be emitted and be strolled.3. sufficient sunbath, particularly sunshine in winter will be noted strengthening in short-term more.
(3) goat stable breeding half-turn is supported feed formula: technical measures: 1. feeding regularly, make the reflection of sheep formation condition, and be beneficial to digestion and absorb.Every day four times, each every Zhi Yang Celadon feed 1.2-1.5kg.2. guarantee feeding quality and variety, adequate nutrition.Feed has a kind of khuskhus and a kind of gramineous forage grass mixed feeding at least in the De Celadon feed at every turn, has the herbage mixed feeding more than two kinds that comprises khuskhus in one day at least.3. the weight feed feed is formulated ration formulation according to different sheep feeding standards, repeatedly feeds less, can have enough, and does not waste again.Every day every adult sheep green fodder 4.0-5.0kg.4. mend in good time feed fine fodder and ore deposit calcium material.The keeping of fine fodder is according to the different needs phase of sheep growth, and the nutrition condition of sheep feed was replenished at that time, and the ore deposit available salt of calcium material is licked brick and mended and feed, and allows sheep freely absorb.5. winter, grass was raised when in short supply, can make ammonification material, green fodder, grass meal etc., supplied with the khuskhus grass meal in 20% ± 2 ratio every day and passed the winter.
(4) the foster disease prevention and cure of goat stable breeding half-turn
In the sheep process of growth, disease is diversified, generally is divided into by the character of falling ill: infectious disease, parasitosis and common sick 3 big classes.Preventing and treating in the process of disease, it is crucial that good sanitary condition and sufficient preventive measure are arranged.
Embodiment
Below further specify the present invention by specific embodiment, but embodiment only be used for the explanation, can not limit the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment:
Experimental field carry out (Hot Area Ecological Agriculture Institute of Yunnan Agricultural Academy base) in degraded land revegetation study base, dry-hot valley basin, Yuanmou County Jinsha jiang River, Yunnan Province, be positioned at No. 150 side suburb grass in Yuanmou County southern city street and irritate plant comprehensive study district, cultivated area 2hm
2, select local Yunling goat on crop selection tamarind and khuskhus, the livestock.
Carry out according to the following steps
1, option of species
Select local Yunling goat on crop selection tamarind and khuskhus, the livestock.
2, grow seedlings
Tamarind was grown seedlings before a kind in 1 year, and packed growing seedlings grown seedlings in the 4-5 month in every year.Select the plastic sack in wide 12-14cm, high 18-20cm, thick 0.03cm, (hole) with holes for use, fill nutrition soil, nutrition soil is by soil: farmyard manure is to form at 4: 1.Seed is directly broadcast into allowing it cool off naturally with 65 ℃ of hot water bubble kinds before the plastic sack of filling nutrition soil, changes cold water soak 36 hours after washing seed by rubbing with the hands, pulls seed out, the vernalization of husky bed, husky 5-10cm is thick for bottom, evenly sprinkles kind, cover 3-5cm sand again, lid is careless then, and trickle is warming; The humidity of husky bed is wanted the feel humidity, keep hand to wet and do not drip, after urging seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, take out seed, directly broadcast in the plastic sack of filling nutrition soil then, the seed dark 1-2cm that buries, kind of bud exposes, and waters permeablely, and the moisture in the soil face keeps moistening in order to emerging between nursery stage, remove weeds, prevent the generation of disease damping off and powdery mildew with the spraying of 800 times of liquid of 50-70% methyl holder Tianjin wetting powder, root system is worn bag should change bag, to transplanting the 6-8 month in 1 year rainy season.
The khuskhus seed seedling-raising was grown seedlings in the 4-5 month in every year.Directly sow at railway carriage or compartment, the ground face of putting in order of growing seedlings, press 37.5-49.5kg/hm
2Grain weight is broadcasted sowing, the dark 1-2cm of earthing, and soil is higher than railway carriage or compartment face 5-10cm all around, after planting covers with straw, waters permeablely, and the moisture in the soil face keeps moistening and removes weeds in order to emerging between nursery stage, grows to the 15-20cm height when growing seedlings, and transplants in 50-60 days.
3, a kind ground is prepared
Between plant ground in advance in plantation the previous year, finish the back rainy season and prepare the 10-12 month.Be split into the wide ribbon level land of 70cm along plantation plot contour, 600cm is as line-spacing for the band center distance, by spacing in the rows 600cm dig length and width, deeply by the tamarind kind plant hole of 140 * 70 * 100cm, require press the 0-40cm topsoil and stack the top, 40-100cm subsoil stacking both sides and below.Farmyard manure 50kg and 3kg peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers are executed in every pool after the February in 1 year, or 30-40kg stable dung and 3kg peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, mix native back-filling in layers, table soil returns in lower floor, lower floor in farmyard manure and the phosphate fertilizer backfill, organic stable dung backfill is carried out retaining circle (being the fish scale pit) at the middle and upper levels after the backfill, Ying Po upper edge opening to be to tackle along the slope runoff water down, treats the rainwater field planting afterwards of soaking.
Deep ploughing native 30cm ± 5 are dark between tamarind tree spacing in the rows 100-150cm, execute farmyard manure 10500-15000kg/hm
2With peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 400-600kg/hm
2Base fertilizer as the column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants.
4, a kind
The 6-8 month in rainy season plant tamarind and khuskhus in annual.Dig the dark plantation pool of 10-15cm at column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants band by seeding row spacing 50 * 50cm specification earlier before the plantation.Khuskhus is planted in the plantation pool, waters sufficient normal root water.Tamarind tree is planted in the plantation pool of 140 * 70 * 100cm, arranges planting depth according to the size of seedling, is lower than pool face 5-10cm with the shoot root base portion, long root system excision; Seedling is stood on pool central authorities, a hand steered straight seedling, proficiency backfill clay fertilizer, the soil of backfill is wanted no-sundries in small, broken bits; Backfill soil with foot-operated real, is watered sufficient normal root water to the pool at ordinary times.
5, manage and protect
(1) removal of impurities: fill the gaps with seedlings and weeding after the about 20-40 of field planting days, the weeds at the cleaning side of a pond cover the little weeds in the side of a pond or other place around the tamarind tree of field planting.The later annual 7-8 month is cleared up the weeds of the tamarind side of a pond and khuskhus moisture in the soil face.
(2) topdress: topdress after field planting 20-30 days, described topdressing is to open the dark ditch of 10-15cm around distance tamarind sapling 7-10cm, applies and topdresses, and topdresses by N: P
2O
5: K
2O=11: 4: 13 28% composite fertilizer and 46.4% urea, composite fertilizer: urea is to form at 1: 1, every pool sowing amount that topdresses is 30-40g.Dig the dark pool of 5-10cm around khuskhus seedling 5-10cm, apply and topdress, topdressing is 46.4% urea, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is 4-8g.
1 year 7-8 month to tamarind intertill comprehensively, expand the pool, the arc ditch topdresses, the arc ditch is positioned at the inboard 50-100cm of end waterline and absorbs the root enrichment region, ditch is long to be 1/3 of girth, dark 40cm, wide 30cm, fertilizing amount: non-operation tree is 46.4% urea 100-200g and N: P: K=11: 4: 13 28% composite fertilizer 200g; The tree of going into operation is 46.4% urea 300-400g and N: P
2O
5: K
2O=11: 4: 13 28% composite fertilizer 600g, winter, weeds such as extremely covered at measure.Khuskhus whenever cradles and once topdresses once, digs the dark pool of 5-10cm around khuskhus seedling 5-10cm, applies and topdresses, and topdressing is 46.4% urea, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is 5-10g.
(3) irrigate: tamarind is dark root perennial plant, mainly adopts and expands the pool collection rain that dams rainy season.In view of Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley reaches 6-7 month dry season, at man-made irrigation 1-2 time in dry season.
(4) pruning: the 1-3 month in 1 year of tamarind field planting, wipe out the following weak branch of tamarind 50cm, the 1-3 month in the 3rd year is determined trunk 1-3 branch.Take to go alone according to setting, two dry type is main by body for one-tenth tree root in age; Cut weak branch, the branch of hanging down loosely, intensive branch, interior thorax branch, the branch height is 100-200cm.
(5) damage by disease and insect monitoring and control: find that damage by disease and insect notifies at once or handles; Report will be set forth the damage by disease and insect occurrence characteristic and the extent of injury, gathers representative sample, send the relevant expert to identify, prevents and treats according to the scheme of preventing and treating that the expert proposes.The tamarind damage by disease and insect is less, but generation is also arranged, and is subject to harm such as Lan Lvxiang, green chafer, poison moth, and with chrysanthemum fat, Rogor control, sick harm with powdery mildew attached most importance to, with carbendazim, powder rust spirit control.
6, the fruit pod is gathered
At tamarind tree fruit pod ripening period, to gather in good time, selected back is with the carton vanning or directly leave the indoor of ventilation, drying in.
7, cradle the khuskhus goat of feeding
Plant 1 year by the end of August-October, when khuskhus height of seedling 60-80cm, can cradle, more than the high 30cm of toothing.When khuskhus height of seedling 60-80cm, cradled in 1 year, more than the high 30cm of toothing.The khuskhus green grass that cradles cooperates the gramineous forage grass goat of directly feeding, and also can modulate hay or produce grass meal, cooperates with millet straw etc. when lack fine fodder and green grass dry season and feeds.
8, goat stable breeding half-turn is supported
(1) sheep hurdle construction: the goat colony house should possess dry nice and cool, ventilated, spacious and well-lighted, cool in summer and warm in winter, clean hygiene, characteristics such as with low cost, durable.
(2) goat is taken exercise by the transition of herding stable breeding: 1. timely supplementary feeding, adequate nutrition improves resistance.2. enough big playground is arranged, sheep is carried out positive motion, activity every day was built up health more than 8 hours, and conditions permit can suitably be emitted and be strolled.3. sufficient sunbath, particularly sunshine in winter will be noted strengthening in short-term more.
(3) goat stable breeding half-turn is supported feed formula: technical measures: 1. feeding regularly, make the reflection of sheep formation condition, and be beneficial to digestion and absorb.Every day four times, each every Zhi Yang Celadon feed 1.2-1.5kg.2. guarantee feeding quality and variety, adequate nutrition.Feed has a kind of khuskhus and a kind of gramineous forage grass mixed feeding at least in the De Celadon feed at every turn, has the herbage mixed feeding more than two kinds that comprises khuskhus in one day at least.3. the weight feed feed is formulated ration formulation according to different sheep feeding standards, repeatedly feeds less, can have enough, and does not waste again.Every day every adult sheep green fodder 5.0-6.0kg.4. mend in good time feed fine fodder and ore deposit calcium material.The keeping of fine fodder is according to the different needs phase of sheep growth, and the nutrition condition of sheep feed was replenished at that time, and the ore deposit available salt of calcium material is licked brick and mended and feed, and allows sheep freely absorb.5. winter, grass was raised when in short supply, can make ammonification material, green fodder, grass meal etc., supplied with the khuskhus grass meal in 20% ± 2 ratio every day and passed the winter.
(4) the foster disease prevention and cure of goat stable breeding half-turn
In the sheep process of growth, disease is diversified, generally is divided into by the character of falling ill: infectious disease, parasitosis and common sick 3 big classes.Preventing and treating in the process of disease, it is crucial that good sanitary condition and sufficient preventive measure are arranged.
9, effect: see Table 1, table 2.
(1) tamarind is in the ranks by the column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants, because the biological nitrogen fixation of leguminous forage khuskhus improves the total soil nitrogen and the content of organic matter, between planted khuskhus 2 years, total soil nitrogen content 0～20cm soil layer and 20～40 soil layers respectively increasing degree be 0.025% and 0.025%, the content of organic matter 20～40 soil layers and 20～40 soil layers respectively increasing degree be 0.290% and 0.261%, make and realized moisture, nutrient oneself benign cycle in the growing area, reduce the cost input of tamarind planting site, seen Table 1.
(2) 4 years examination flowers of tamarind plantation examination fruit, the 5th year is just profitable, if the nonoculture in the ranks of children fruit tree in age, the unit are benefit is zero.If a kind khuskhus can improve soil unit are productivity ratio, economic benefit is as follows in the period of the column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants three:
The bright careless output of khuskhus per hectare was 20391.0kg (seeing Table 2) in 1 year, cooperated 60% grass family forage grass by 40% khuskhus in 1 year, per hectare only can be cultured goat 30-40, khuskhus is as forage grass, increases pure economic benefit 7050.00-11150.00 unit/hectare (increase pure economic benefit=sell sheep number of elements * 600 yuan/every sheep-per hectare planting site input cost-buy the expense of sheep cost-other feeds of the cost of labor of feeding-60%).
Increase feed 1500 yuan the-the 60%th of costs of labor of 5250 yuan of 30 sheep * 600 of pure economic benefit=sell yuan/every sheep-per hectare planting site input cost-buy sheep cost 1500-, the expense 2700=7050.00 unit of other feeds;
Increase by 50 yuan of-40 sheep in 40 sheep * 50,5250 yuan of 40 sheep * 600 of pure economic benefit=sell yuan-per hectare planting site input cost-the buy yuan/only * cost of labor of feeding/only the-the 60%th, the expense 3600=11150.00 unit of other feeds;
The bright careless output of khuskhus per hectare was 50467.5kg (seeing Table 2) in 1 year, cooperated 60% grass family forage grass by 40% khuskhus in 1 year, per hectare can be cultured goat 60-80 only, pure economic benefit 17850.00-26050.00 unit/hectare that khuskhus increases as forage grass.(computing formula is identical with 1 year).It is calculated as follows:
Increase by 3000 yuan the-the 60%th of 3000 yuan of 60 sheep costs in 6750 yuan of 60 sheep * 600 of pure economic benefit=the sell yuan-per hectare planting site input cost-buy-cost of labor of feeding, the expense 5400=17850.00 unit of other feeds;
Increase by 4000 yuan the-the 60%th of 4000 yuan of 80 sheep costs in 6750 yuan of 80 sheep * 600 of pure economic benefit=the sell yuan-per hectare planting site input cost-buy-cost of labor of feeding, the expense 7200=26050.00 unit of other feeds;
The bright careless output per hectare 28778.8kg (seeing Table 2) of the 3rd year khuskhus cooperated 60% grass family forage grass per hectare only can culture goat 40-50 by 40% khuskhus on the 3rd year, and khuskhus is as forage grass, increased pure economic benefit 11150.00-15250.00 unit/hectare.(computing formula is identical with 1 year).It is calculated as follows:
Increase by 2000 yuan the-the 60%th of 2000 yuan of 40 sheep costs in 5250 yuan of 40 sheep * 600 of pure economic benefit=the sell yuan-per hectare planting site input cost-buy-cost of labor of feeding, the expense 3600=11150.00 unit of other feeds;
Increase by 2500 yuan the-the 60%th of 2500 yuan of 50 sheep costs in 5250 yuan of 50 sheep * 600 of pure economic benefit=the sell yuan-per hectare planting site input cost-buy-cost of labor of feeding, the 4500=15250.00 unit of other feeds;
(3) goat is carried out stable breeding or half-turn is supported, and has reduced goat and has gone up a hill and gnaw the meadow, prevents that natural meadow from degenerating, and has guaranteed the mutual coordinated development of woods fruit, grass and livestock industry with the degraded mountainous region enhancement of environment of Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley area.
In sum, use the technical scheme of the inventive method, khuskhus is planted in the ranks in tamarind ground, khuskhus is as forage grass, between planted khuskhus 1 year, increase income 7050.00-11150.00 unit/hectare than nonoculture, between planted khuskhus 1 year, increase income 17850.00-26050.00 unit/hectare than nonoculture, between planted khuskhus the 3rd year, increase income 11150.00-15250.00 unit/hectare than nonoculture, reached simultaneously and improved total soil nitrogen and organic matter in the tamarind growing area, make and realized moisture in the growing area, nutrient oneself benign cycle has reduced the cost input of tamarind planting site, and has guaranteed the mutual coordinated development of woods fruit, grass and livestock industry with the degraded mountainous region enhancement of environment of Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley area.This suitable Jinsha jiang River of invention dry-hot valley area degraded mountainous region and conceding the land to forestry and grass and herding development and application are promoted.
Table 1 a kind khuskhus is experimental field total soil nitrogen and organic variation after 2 years
Khuskhus output after table 2 kind
| Project | Repeat 1 | Repeat 2 | Repeat 3 | Repeat 4 | On average |
| Between plant the 1st year (bright careless output kg/hm 2) | 16044.0 | 23380.0 | 18970.0 | 23170 | 20391.0 |
| Between plant the 2nd year (bright careless output kg/hm 2) | 49647.5 | 43008.2 | 49152.2 | 60061.0 | 50467.5 |
| Between plant the 3rd year (bright careless output kg/hm 2) | 26180.0 | 24290.0 | 33250.0 | 31395.0 | 28778.8 |
Claims (4)
1, a kind of Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley degraded mountainous region fruit, grass and livestock method of comprehensive utilization, by option of species, grow seedlings, kind ground preparations, a kind, manage and protect, the fruit pod gathers, cradles feed goat, foster eight steps of goat stable breeding half-turn of khuskhus and form, it is characterized in that:
(1) in option of species, selects goat on crop selection tamarind and khuskhus, the livestock;
(2) in growing seedlings, have 1. tamarind grow seedlings, tamarind is 1 year packed growing seedlings before a kind, grows seedlings in the 4-5 month in every year, select the plastic sack in wide 12-14cm, high 18-20cm, thick 0.03cm, with holes or hole for use, nutrition soil is by soil in the bag: farmyard manure is to form at 4: 1; Seed is directly broadcast into allowing it cool off naturally with 65 ℃ of hot water bubble kinds before the plastic sack of filling nutrition soil, changes cold water soak 36 hours after washing seed by rubbing with the hands, pulls seed out, the vernalization of husky bed, husky 5-10cm is thick for bottom, evenly sprinkles kind, cover 3-5cm sand again, lid is careless then, and trickle is warming; The humidity of husky bed is wanted the feel humidity, keep hand to wet and do not drip, after urging seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, take out seed, directly broadcast in the plastic sack of filling nutrition soil then, the seed dark 1-2cm that buries, kind of bud exposes, and waters permeablely, and the moisture in the soil face keeps moistening between nursery stage, remove weeds, prevent the generation of disease damping off and powdery mildew with the spraying of 800 times of liquid of 50-70% methyl holder Tianjin wetting powder, root system is worn bag should change bag, to transplanting the 6-8 month in 1 year rainy season; 2. the khuskhus seed seedling-raising was grown seedlings in the 4-5 month in every year.Directly sow at railway carriage or compartment, the ground face of putting in order of growing seedlings, press 37.5-49.5kg/hm
2Grain weight is broadcasted sowing, the dark 1-2cm of earthing, and soil is higher than railway carriage or compartment face 5-10cm all around, after planting covers with straw, waters permeablely, and the moisture in the soil face keeps moistening between nursery stage, removes weeds, grows to the 15-20cm height when growing seedlings, and transplants in 50-60 days;
(3) in a kind ground is prepared, is planting the previous year in advance on a kind ground, finishes the back rainy season and prepare the 10-12 month.Be split into the wide ribbon level land of 70cm along plantation plot contour, 600cm is as line-spacing for the band center distance, by spacing in the rows 600cm dig length and width, deeply by the tamarind kind plant hole of 140 * 70 * 100cm, the 0-40cm topsoil is stacked the top, the 40-100cm subsoil is stacked both sides and below; After the February in 1 year, farmyard manure 50kg and 3kg peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers are executed in every pool, or 30-40kg stable dung and 3kg peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, mix native back-filling in layers, table soil returns in lower floor, lower floor in farmyard manure and the phosphate fertilizer backfill, organic stable dung backfill at the middle and upper levels, carry out the retaining circle after the backfill, Ying Po upper edge opening to be to tackle along the slope runoff water down, treats the rainwater field planting afterwards of soaking; 30cm ± 5 of deep ploughing between tamarind tree spacing in the rows 100-150cm are dark, execute farmyard manure 10500-15000kg/hm
2With peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 400-600kg/hm
2Base fertilizer as the column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants;
(4) in a kind, the 6-8 month in rainy season plant tamarind and khuskhus in annual.Dig the dark plantation pool of 10-15cm at column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants band by seeding row spacing 50 * 50cm specification earlier before the plantation; Khuskhus is planted in the plantation pool; Tamarind tree is planted in the plantation pool of 140 * 70 * 100cm, is lower than pool face 5-10cm with the shoot root base portion, long root system excision;
(5) in managing and protecting, have,
1. removal of impurities: fill the gaps with seedlings and weeding after field planting 20-40 days, the weeds at the cleaning side of a pond cover the little weeds in the side of a pond or other place around the tamarind tree of field planting; The later annual 7-8 month is cleared up the weeds of the tamarind side of a pond and khuskhus moisture in the soil face;
2. topdress: topdress after field planting 20-30 days, described topdressing is to open the dark ditch of 10-15cm to apply and topdress around distance tamarind sapling 7-10cm, topdresses by N: P
2O
5: K
2O=11: 4: 13 28% composite fertilizer and 46.4% urea, its composite fertilizer: urea is to form at 1: 1, every pool sowing amount that topdresses is 30-40g; Dig the dark pool of 5-10cm around khuskhus seedling 5-10cm, apply and topdress, topdressing is 46.4% urea, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is 4-8g; 1 year 7-8 month, to tamarind expand the pool, the arc ditch topdresses, the arc ditch is positioned at the inboard 50-100cm of end waterline and absorbs the root enrichment region, ditch is long to be 1/3 of girth, dark 40cm, wide 30cm, fertilizing amount: non-operation tree is 46.4% urea 100-200g and N: P
2O
5: K
2O=11: 4: 13 28% composite fertilizer 200g; The tree of going into operation is 46.4% urea 300-400g and N: P
2O
5: K
2O=11: 4: 13 28% composite fertilizer 600g; Khuskhus whenever cradles and once topdresses once, digs the dark pool of 5-10cm around khuskhus seedling 5-10cm, applies and topdresses, and topdressing is 46.4% urea, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is 5-10g;
3. irrigate: dry season to tamarind man-made irrigation 1-2 time;
4. pruning: the 1-3 month in 1 year of tamarind field planting, wipe out the following weak branch of tamarind 50cm, the 1-3 month in the 3rd year is determined trunk 1-3 branch; Take to go alone according to setting, two dry type is main by body for one-tenth tree root in age, and the branch height is 100-200cm;
(6) feed in the goat cradling khuskhus, plant 1 year by the end of August-October, when khuskhus height of seedling 60-80cm, cradle, more than the high 30cm of toothing; When khuskhus height of seedling 60-80cm, cradled in 1 year, more than the high 30cm of toothing; The khuskhus green grass that cradles cooperates the gramineous forage grass goat of directly feeding, and also can modulate hay or produce grass meal, cooperates with millet straw etc. when lack fine fodder and green grass dry season and feeds.
(7) in goat stable breeding half-turn is supported, have 1. goat to take exercise by herding the transition that the stable breeding half-turn supports: every day is movable more than 8 hours, suitably emits and strolls; Shower daylight; 2. goat stable breeding half-turn is supported feed formula: timing feeding, every day four times, each every sheep green fodder 1.2-1.5kg; Have a kind of khuskhus and a kind of gramineous forage grass mixed feeding in the green fodder of at every turn feeding at least, have the herbage mixed feeding more than two kinds that comprises khuskhus in one day at least; The weight feed feed is repeatedly fed less, every day every adult sheep green fodder 4.0-5.0kg; Supply with khuskhus grass meal in 20% ± 2 ratio every day in winter.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: winter, weeds extremely covered tamarind pool face.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in rainy season, tamarind is expanded the pool collection rain that dams irrigate.
4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in option of species, select local Yunling goat on the livestock.
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