CN107258300A - A kind of green manure and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting - Google Patents
A kind of green manure and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting Download PDFInfo
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- 229920002752 Konjac Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 63
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 23
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
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- PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC(=O)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3O)=CC=C21 PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
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- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229930003270 Vitamin B Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003448 Vitamin K Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenous acid Chemical compound O[Se](O)=O MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of green manure and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting, make using between green manure and konjaku, volatile materials secreted by green manure crop can also kill bacterium, and the secretion of its rhizosphere and microorganism has inhibitory action to soft rot opportunistic pathogen, and reduction konjak soft rot evil is played an important role；Suppress weed growth using the biological competition advantage of green manure, make full use of soil space, improved soil culture fertility improves the yield and quality of konjaku, be planting household increase economic benefit；Simultaneously by special selenium branch mode, the Se content of konjaku is improved, every kilogram of fresh taro selenium content can reach more than 1.6mg/kg, and not only effect is good, and cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting technical field, more particularly to a kind of green manure and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting.
Background technology
Konjaku (Amorphophallus konjac) is Araeceae (Araceae) Amorphophallus
The general name of (Amorphophophallus blume).Konjak cultivation have hygrophilous profit, be afraid of that ponding, happiness are nice and cool, be afraid of high temperature, like it is weak
It is light, resistance to the characteristics of shelter from heat or light.Konjac tuber is rich in Glucomannan, pectin, alkaloid, starch and 17 kinds of amino acid and lot of trace member
Element, is the unique a large amount of plants containing Glucomannan having now been found that, is widely used in food, medicine, weaving, cosmetics, stone
The multiple fields such as oil.Due to the extensive use and all over the world understanding to konjaku, the market demand is increasing, outside konjaku powder
The states such as Japan, the U.S., Canada are found a good sale in trade outlet.Due to the limitation of raw material, the annual production of China's konjaku powder is only 1.5 ten thousand
Ton or so, it is difficult to meet the demand of domestic and international market.National konjaku deep processing enterprise has pulled planting industry to the demand of raw material
Development, per kilogram fresh Amorphophallus rivieri 3.5-4.5 members, every kilogram of dry plate 25-30 member；Every kilogram of fine powder price 50-60 member.Plant konjaku mu
The output value is in 5000-8000 members, and konjaku has turned into the Main Cultivation crop that local farmers are developed the economy.End the end of the year 2016, natural resources
County's cultivated area reaches 120,000 mu, 177,500,000 kilograms of annual production, 4.7 hundred million yuan of the output value.Cultivated area accounts for the 1/10 of the whole nation, accounts for cloud
The 1/3 of Nan Sheng, accounts for the 2/3 of Qujing.
Green manure (green manure) is used as the general name of the green plants body of fertilizer, and this paper green manure refers exclusively to cover in the autumn and winter
Make the harvesting of Second Year spring and summer, belong to the sweet potato of legume.Its root rhizobium plays the role of nitrogen in fixed air, is both excellent
Matter feed, is excellent green manure crop again.It is a kind of complete biological source of manure of nutrient, and abundant nutrient can be provided for soil,
Convert difficultly soluble nutrient in soil, so that crop absorbs；The physical and chemical character of energy improved soil, promotes in soil
The activity of microorganism.
The young young stem and leaf of green manure, containing abundant nutrient, once the decomposition in soil, can roll up organic in soil
Matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and various trace elements.Green manure fresh grass per ton can typically provide 6.3 kilograms of nitrogen, and phosphorus element 1.3 is public
Jin, 5 kilograms of potassium, equivalent to 13.7 kilograms urea, 6 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 10 kilograms of potassium sulfates.The root system hair of green manure crop
Reach, if 1000 kilograms of aerial part fresh grass, underground root system just there are 150 kilograms, the soil organism can be rolled up, improve soil
Earth structure, increases soil fertility.Leguminous greenmanuring crop can also increase the nitrogen in soil, according to measuring and calculating, and the nitrogen in leguminous green manure has
2/3rds be from air.Green manure is ploughed under after soil, in the presence of microorganism, is constantly decomposed, and is discharged a large amount of
Outside available nutrient, humus is formed, humus is combined with calcium soil colloid is formed crumb structure, the soil for having crumb structure
Loose, ventilative, retain water and nutrients ability is strong, regulation water, fertilizer, air and heat performance it is good, be conducive to second stubble crop to grow.For plant and
Increase soil fertility and be combined, increase animal and fowl fodder supply, hill farmer always just has the custom of green manuring, and Fuyuan County is every year in wheel public land
About 250,000 mu of green manuring, but also only account for the 35% of winter wheel public land.
Green manuring technology：Planting patterns has nonoculture, interplanting, miscegenation, a variety of plantation forms such as slotting kind, and implantation methods are optional
Program request, drilling are broadcasted sowing.Main step has site preparation, seed selection, seed treatment, sowing, tillage and weeding, disease pest and weed to prevent and treat, cut
Careless stock keeping, root stubble fertilize the soil, seed harvest.
Konjaku planting technology：Two-year system no-tillage ridge culture (net to plant) is cultivated, and the bio-diversity such as orchard interplanting, corn intercrop is planted
Training.Main step has seed selection, site preparation, sowing, fertilising, field management, disease pest and weed integrated control, digging to receive.
The shortcoming that konjak cultivation is present
Requirement of the konjaku plantation to soil and blockclimate environment is higher, it is desirable to appropriate the moon covers, it is warm, moisten, avoid height
Temperature, Qiang Guang, the climatic environment of frost and bulky are fertile, quality is loose, draining is ventilative good, organic matter is abundant and preceding stubble is not planted
Planted the soil environment of the crops such as konjaku, vegetables, flue-cured tobacco, potato, radish.Only plant or the biology of (set) is more between other crops
Sample is cultivated, and soft rot evil is all more serious, and this is that per unit area yield is low, the main cause that total yield supply is not asked.Generally use at this stage
Two-year system no-tillage ridge culture cultivation technique, there is following shortcoming：
1st, it is the rational density of guarantee konjaku next year, plantation then must keep relatively low density, cause soil and illumination
The waste of resource；
2nd, too low density and preferable soil fertility and illumination condition, cause weed growth vigorous, and next year weeding produces big
The working hour expense of amount；
3rd, the konjaku planted then, which will arrive Second Year winter, could dig receipts, and planting household does not have economic benefit then；
4th, the winter konjaku plot of the falling after seedling free time is exposed, and ice and snow sleet weather causes serious damage to the ganoid konjaku taro in buried soil
Wound, rapidly reduces emergence rate, and increase soft rot evil incidence causes the konjaku underproduction；
5th, to keep winter dormancy of the konjaku seed of two-year system no-tillage cultivation in soil, cause soil winter wheel not busy,
Not only let a piece of farmland go to waste soil, also rapidly reduce feed resource；
7th, Amorphophallus happiness potassium crop, often applies the potassium ion displacement property in the high chemical fertilizer of potassium content, potash fertilizer in plantation
It is especially strong, the polyvalent cation for forming soil granular structure can be cemented out, and the potassium ion of monovalence is acted on without key bridge,
The key bridge of soil granular structure is destroyed, and also just destroys crumb structure, causes soil hardening, influences the konjaku of no-tillage cultivation
Absorption to soil nutrient.
The shortcoming of nonoculture green manure (sweet potato) cultivation
1st, as net kind, the makeshift letted a piece of farmland go to waste simply is avoided, peasant planting is ready not high；It is used as culture fertility and part
The supplement of feed, economic value is low, and land utilization ratio is not high；
2nd, fertilizer is robbed in various degree with other crop interplantings, interplanting presence to win honour for, and unfavorable field intertillage management, due to life
The dislocation of phase is educated, there is crops for rotation contradiction.
In the konjaku planting process that developed recently gets up, soft rot evil is adjoint in whole konjaku crop cycle, causes to plant
The heavy losses of son and yield.According to investigations, konjaku is planted only, and the loss of seeds caused annual about 1220 is infected due to what soft rot did harm to
Ten thousand kilograms, about 70,000,000 kilograms of production loss.
The purpose of the present invention is the several shortcomings being directed in konjaku two-year system no-tillage ridge culture cultivation technique, a kind of energy-conservation of research and development
Put forward effect, economically viable konjaku bio-diversity cultural method.
The content of the invention
The technical problem existed based on background technology, the present invention proposes the cultural method of a kind of green manure and konjaku interplanting.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of green manure and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting, comprise the following steps：
A, konjaku plantation：
A-1 chooses seeds：The improved seeds of selected suitable local cultivation, its mode of appearance is that bulb is full, and terminal bud is scarlet sturdy,
And seed taro disease-free, without wound；
A-2 site preparations：Pre- plantation plot is deep ploughed at the beginning of 3 months by the end of February, soil, thin upturned soil is shone, it is wide with 1.3-1.6m moisture in the soil face
Ridging, the high 22-27cm in ridge, furrow width 28-32cm or so, in favor of draining, reduce konjaku disease；
A-3 is sowed：By 25cm × 30cm seeding row spacing water furrow planting, note handling with care when putting taro kind, never squeeze and press
Bulb, eye is put upward, then shallow soil covering, thickness of earth covering 5-10cm；
A-4 applies fertilizer：Based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by high potassium compound fertilizer, heavy base fertilizer application is added and topdressed；
A-5 field management：Weeding carries out ridging of topdressing, never rainy day or morning simultaneously based on artificial pull out with reference to weeding
Dew enters field when not dry；
A-6 integrated pest prevention and controls：The disease of konjaku mainly has soft rot, southern blight etc., can be with rich taro No. two in sowing
When spread fertilizer over the fields with ditch or rhizosphere spreads fertilizer over the fields and prevented and treated during plant morbidity；7-8 month rainwater is more, is the peak period of konjaku morbidity, during which
It is noted that dredging ditch water discharge, it is ensured that water route is unimpeded, while removing diseased plant and disinfecting；
A-7, which is dug, to be received：Mid-November next year, konjaku plant started down seedling, and seedling chooses fine day and starts to dig receipts, harvesting after 10 days
Stem tuber sorted by size, with large bamboo or wicker basket or mesh bag packed and transported；
B Green manurings：
B-1 chooses seeds：From the Hairy vetch seed harvested then, it is desirable to which maturity is consistent, full seed, no soil block,
Stone and broken grain seed；
B-2 seed treatments：Hairy vetch seed is soaked into more than 8 hours, Ran Houyang in sodium selenite solution before broadcasting
Dried 1-3 days under light；
B-3 is sowed：The mid or late August (Limit of Heat climate and other natural phenomena of a season) for selecting rainfall abundant, at this moment konjaku is substantial in bulb dry
Phase and rhizome (taro whip) growth period, weed growth are vigorous, and with reference to last time weeding, every mu with 2.5-3 kilograms of Hairy vetch
Broadcast sowing or shallow ridges drilling, after planting with reference to artificial weeding, original place shake off weeds root system with soil and be attached to green on soil
Fertile seed, is fully contacted and is evenly distributed with soil with sharp green manure seed, accelerates weeds dead, it is ensured that is emerged neat and is improved out
Seedling rate；
B-4 field management：Winter-Spring weeds are excessive when winning honour for, and should make and pull out processing,
The B-5 prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：When aphid damage is serious, uniformly sprayed with 1.5-2.0% Chongmankes 4000-6000 times of liquid of missible oil
Mist is prevented and treated；
B-6 mowing stock keepings：The green manure grown, can gather in before the winter and once be used as greenfeed, cane should stay 10- when cutting green grass or young crops
15cm, is sprouted with sharp regrowth hair；
B-7 turns over infertile field：April next year, green manure is in full-bloom stage, is at this moment also biological yield maximum phase, konjaku is not yet
Emerge (cone), green manure is cradled, used as fodder way then removes field and dries pulverization process；Make fertilizer purposes, then by green manure
Grassy marshland uniformly lays moisture in the soil face, is suitably earthed up with reference to applying for phosphorus potash fertilizer, ridging covers tightly and is compacted green manure grassy marshland and is advisable, with profit
Fully become thoroughly decomposed in green manure, quick-acting nutrients and good environment are provided for the growth of later stage konjaku.
It is preferred that, in described step A-1, described seed taro is the single breeding for focusing on 10-20g.
It is preferred that, in described step A-4, mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 1800-2200kg, NPK 30-50kg work
For base fertilizer；Topdress in two times, topdress for the first time in late June, Mu Shi composite fertilizers 15-22kg；Topdress for the second time in 5 months next years
Ten days, Mu Shi composite fertilizers 18-25kg.
It is preferred that, in described step B-2, the concentration of sodium selenite is 500-800ppm.
It is preferred that, in described step B-7, after being cradled to green manure, 5-15ppm selenous acid is sprayed to green manure blade
Sodium solution.
The implantation methods of traditional selenium-enriched konjac, are usually sprayed using selenium-rich solution seed soaking mode or directly to blade
The mode of nanometer selenium, the product Se content that the former obtains is relatively low, and economic value is not high, and the latter's cost is too high, there is certain economy
Risk；Using the interplanting addition selenium of green manure in the present invention, cardinal principle is：(Hairy vetch seed is to selenium concentration for green manure seed
Tolerance it is very strong) after the substantial amounts of inorganic selenium of absorption,, can be enduringly by a part of nothing because selenium is excessive in growth course
Organic Selenium after machine selenium and a small amount of conversion is discharged into soil by root, so that the root system of konjaku can be constantly from soil
Absorb selenium element and be converted into Organic Selenium；When later stage green manure is in full-bloom stage, sodium selenite solution, supplement one are sprayed to green manure blade
Quantitative selenium element, it is better.
Find that, by green manure and konjaku interplanting, the volatile materials secreted by green manure crop can also be killed by research
The secretion of bacterium, its rhizosphere and microorganism has inhibitory action to soft rot opportunistic pathogen, plays important to reduction konjak soft rot evil
Effect.Green manure and konjaku interplanting, do not fight for illumination and liquid manure resource mutually, take full advantage of soil space, increased income animal and fowl fodder；
Soil texture and lifting land fertility can also be improved, fertilizer amount is reduced, Amorphophallus Yield and quality is improved.With green manure in konjaku
Plot robs stubble and fills out not busy plantation, and easy to operate, extensive management, saving of work and time, peasant are easy to receive and promoted, and can be effectively increased plantation
Family income.
The present invention is advantageous in that：
Economic benefit：Green manure and konjaku interplanting have been fostered and apply fertilizer soil fertility, are improved soil texture, are provided for konjaku growth
Full price fertilizer and soil environment, can reduce the amount of application of next year chemical fertilizer, reduce the input cost of fertilizer.The two of interplanting green manure
Konjak cultivation year processed, because green manure improves farmland blockclimate, soil environment, greatly reduces the konjaku incidence of disease, so as to carry
High Amorphophallus Yield more than 30%.Flourishing green manure inhibits the growth and breeding of other weeds, reduces the group of next year weeds
Body quantity, so as to reduce the working hour expense that next year konjaku is cut weeds.
Green manuring is easy to operate, extensive management, and every mu of green forage yield cultivates one at 1.5-1.8 tons equivalent to meeting
The feed of 75 kilograms of big porker needs.The Vicia sativa nitrogen content of bud green feed is 0.47%, and folding protein is 2.9%, feeds one
75 kilograms of big porker, can be provided by taking around kilogram bud green Vicia sativa of 45 kilogram proteins, i.e., 1550 according to rough calculation by 45 kilograms
Protein, that is, 0.07 hectare production green manure can meet cultivation one first 75 kilograms big porker feed needs, equivalent to section
About 500 kilograms of corns (protein content of corn kernel is 8.0%), and in bud green forage grass, vitamin E, K and B races it
Abundant, even more cereal fine fodder is incomparable.
Ecological benefits：Green manuring crop provides nutrient for second stubble crop, and forage grass source is provided for animal husbandry in agricultural area.It is carried
The soil organism of confession, can effectively improve soil fertility, improve soil environment quality.Make between green manure crop and konjaku, to protection
Konjaku seed safety is survived the winter, and reduction konjak soft rot evil, greatly raising Amorphophallus Yield play an important role.Green manure contains 15-
25% organic matter and 0.3-0.6% nitrogens, green manuring crop can increase the quantity of soil with organic matter and available nutrient.According to
Nanjing Soil Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences determines, and every mu applies 2500-3000 kilograms of the green manure such as Chinese milk vetch, sweet potato in farmland,
Organic matter increase by 0.15% in topsoil, total nitrogen content increase by 0.01%.Green manure crop absorbs very capable, the pulse family of difficultly soluble nutrient
Class green manure crop all has powerful root system, and main root buries relatively deeply, the general long 2-3m of root, can absorb and be difficult to make to be other in deep soil
The nutrient that thing is absorbed.After after green manure decomposition, major part is stored in arable layer to these nutrients with effective form again again, the stubble for after
Crop absorbs.
Green manure is ploughed under after soil, in the presence of microorganism, constantly decomposed, is discharged outside mass efficient nutrient, evil
Humus is formed, humus is combined with calcium can make soil cementation into crumb structure, there is the loosing soil of crumb structure, ventilative, guarantor
Water fertilizer-preserving ability is strong, regulation water, fertilizer, air and heat performance it is good, be conducive to plant growth.
Green manure and konjaku interplanting, take full advantage of soil space and illumination, and weeds are driven away using biological competition advantage.Green manure
Root rhizosphere secreta is natural bactericide, can effectively be killed except to the unfavorable harmful pathogen of konjaku growth.Green manure stalk may be used also
To be grown as organic fertilizer resource beneficial to konjaku, Amorphophallus Yield is improved.
The present invention makees in production practices using between green manure and konjaku, and the volatile materials secreted by green manure crop may be used also
To kill bacterium, the secretion of its rhizosphere and microorganism has inhibitory action to soft rot opportunistic pathogen, and reduction konjak soft rot is done harm to
To important function.Suppress weed growth using the biological competition advantage of green manure, make full use of soil space, improved soil fosters and apply fertilizer ground
Power, improves the yield and quality of konjaku, is planting household increase economic benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
A kind of green manure and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting, comprise the following steps：
A, konjaku plantation：
A-1 chooses seeds：The improved seeds of selected suitable local cultivation, its mode of appearance is that bulb is full, and terminal bud is scarlet sturdy,
And seed taro disease-free, without wound；
A-2 site preparations：Pre- plantation plot is deep ploughed at the beginning of 3 months by the end of February, soil, thin upturned soil is shone, it is wide with 1.3-1.6m moisture in the soil face
Ridging, the high 22-27cm in ridge, furrow width 28-32cm or so, in favor of draining, reduce konjaku disease；
A-3 is sowed：By 25cm × 30cm seeding row spacing water furrow planting, note handling with care when putting taro kind, never squeeze and press
Bulb, eye is put upward, then shallow soil covering, thickness of earth covering 5-10cm；
A-4 applies fertilizer：Based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by high potassium compound fertilizer, heavy base fertilizer application is added and topdressed；
A-5 field management：Weeding carries out ridging of topdressing, never rainy day or morning simultaneously based on artificial pull out with reference to weeding
Dew enters field when not dry；
A-6 integrated pest prevention and controls：The disease of konjaku mainly has soft rot, southern blight etc., can be with rich taro No. two in sowing
When spread fertilizer over the fields with ditch or rhizosphere spreads fertilizer over the fields and prevented and treated during plant morbidity；7-8 month rainwater is more, is the peak period of konjaku morbidity, during which
It is noted that dredging ditch water discharge, it is ensured that water route is unimpeded, while removing diseased plant and disinfecting；
A-7, which is dug, to be received：Mid-November next year, konjaku plant started down seedling, and seedling chooses fine day and starts to dig receipts, harvesting after 10 days
Stem tuber sorted by size, with large bamboo or wicker basket or mesh bag packed and transported；
B Green manurings：
B-1 chooses seeds：From the Hairy vetch seed harvested then, it is desirable to which maturity is consistent, full seed, no soil block,
Stone and broken grain seed；
B-2 seed treatments：Hairy vetch seed is soaked 12 hours in sodium selenite solution before broadcasting, then under sunlight
Dry 1-3 days；
B-3 is sowed：The mid or late August (Limit of Heat climate and other natural phenomena of a season) for selecting rainfall abundant, at this moment konjaku is substantial in bulb dry
Phase and rhizome (taro whip) growth period, weed growth are vigorous, and with reference to last time weeding, every mu with 2.5-3 kilograms of Hairy vetch
Broadcast sowing or shallow ridges drilling, after planting with reference to artificial weeding, original place shake off weeds root system with soil and be attached to green on soil
Fertile seed, is fully contacted and is evenly distributed with soil with sharp green manure seed, accelerates weeds dead, it is ensured that is emerged neat and is improved out
Seedling rate；
B-4 field management：Winter-Spring weeds are excessive when winning honour for, and should make and pull out processing,
The B-5 prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：When aphid damage is serious, uniformly sprayed with 1.5-2.0% Chongmankes 4000-6000 times of liquid of missible oil
Mist is prevented and treated；
B-6 mowing stock keepings：The green manure grown, can gather in before the winter and once be used as greenfeed, cane should stay 10- when cutting green grass or young crops
15cm, is sprouted with sharp regrowth hair；
B-7 turns over infertile field：April next year, green manure is in full-bloom stage, is at this moment also biological yield maximum phase, konjaku is not yet
Emerge (cone), green manure is cradled, used as fodder way then removes field and dries pulverization process；Make fertilizer purposes, then by green manure
Grassy marshland uniformly lays moisture in the soil face, is suitably earthed up with reference to applying for phosphorus potash fertilizer, ridging covers tightly and is compacted green manure grassy marshland and is advisable, with profit
Fully become thoroughly decomposed in green manure, quick-acting nutrients and good environment are provided for the growth of later stage konjaku.
In described step A-1, described seed taro is the single breeding for focusing on 10-20g.
In described step A-4, mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2050kg, NPK 35kg as base fertilizer；Topdress and be divided to two
It is secondary, topdress for the first time in late June, Mu Shi composite fertilizers 18kg；Topdress for the second time in mid-May next year, Mu Shi composite fertilizers 20kg.
In described step B-2, the concentration of sodium selenite is 650ppm.
In described step B-7, after being cradled to green manure, 10ppm sodium selenite solution is sprayed to green manure blade.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of green manure and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting, comprise the following steps：
A, konjaku plantation：
A-1 chooses seeds：The improved seeds of selected suitable local cultivation, its mode of appearance is that bulb is full, and terminal bud is scarlet sturdy,
And seed taro disease-free, without wound；
A-2 site preparations：Pre- plantation plot is deep ploughed at the beginning of 3 months by the end of February, soil, thin upturned soil is shone, it is wide with 1.3-1.6m moisture in the soil face
Ridging, the high 22-27cm in ridge, furrow width 28-32cm or so, in favor of draining, reduce konjaku disease；
A-3 is sowed：By 25cm × 30cm seeding row spacing water furrow planting, note handling with care when putting taro kind, never squeeze and press
Bulb, eye is put upward, then shallow soil covering, thickness of earth covering 5-10cm；
A-4 applies fertilizer：Based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by high potassium compound fertilizer, heavy base fertilizer application is added and topdressed；
A-5 field management：Weeding carries out ridging of topdressing, never rainy day or morning simultaneously based on artificial pull out with reference to weeding
Dew enters field when not dry；
A-6 integrated pest prevention and controls：The disease of konjaku mainly has soft rot, southern blight etc., can be with rich taro No. two in sowing
When spread fertilizer over the fields with ditch or rhizosphere spreads fertilizer over the fields and prevented and treated during plant morbidity；7-8 month rainwater is more, is the peak period of konjaku morbidity, during which
It is noted that dredging ditch water discharge, it is ensured that water route is unimpeded, while removing diseased plant and disinfecting；
A-7, which is dug, to be received：Mid-November next year, konjaku plant started down seedling, and seedling chooses fine day and starts to dig receipts, harvesting after 10 days
Stem tuber sorted by size, with large bamboo or wicker basket or mesh bag packed and transported；
B Green manurings：
B-1 chooses seeds：From the Hairy vetch seed harvested then, it is desirable to which maturity is consistent, full seed, no soil block,
Stone and broken grain seed；
B-2 seed treatments：Hairy vetch seed is soaked 16 hours in sodium selenite solution before broadcasting, then under sunlight
Dry 1-3 days；
B-3 is sowed：The mid or late August (Limit of Heat climate and other natural phenomena of a season) for selecting rainfall abundant, at this moment konjaku is substantial in bulb dry
Phase and rhizome (taro whip) growth period, weed growth are vigorous, and with reference to last time weeding, every mu with 2.5-3 kilograms of Hairy vetch
Broadcast sowing or shallow ridges drilling, after planting with reference to artificial weeding, original place shake off weeds root system with soil and be attached to green on soil
Fertile seed, is fully contacted and is evenly distributed with soil with sharp green manure seed, accelerates weeds dead, it is ensured that is emerged neat and is improved out
Seedling rate；
B-4 field management：Winter-Spring weeds are excessive when winning honour for, and should make and pull out processing,
The B-5 prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：When aphid damage is serious, uniformly sprayed with 1.5-2.0% Chongmankes 4000-6000 times of liquid of missible oil
Mist is prevented and treated；
B-6 mowing stock keepings：The green manure grown, can gather in before the winter and once be used as greenfeed, cane should stay 10- when cutting green grass or young crops
15cm, is sprouted with sharp regrowth hair；
B-7 turns over infertile field：April next year, green manure is in full-bloom stage, is at this moment also biological yield maximum phase, konjaku is not yet
Emerge (cone), green manure is cradled, used as fodder way then removes field and dries pulverization process；Make fertilizer purposes, then by green manure
Grassy marshland uniformly lays moisture in the soil face, is suitably earthed up with reference to applying for phosphorus potash fertilizer, ridging covers tightly and is compacted green manure grassy marshland and is advisable, with profit
Fully become thoroughly decomposed in green manure, quick-acting nutrients and good environment are provided for the growth of later stage konjaku.
In described step A-1, described seed taro is the single breeding for focusing on 10-20g.
In described step A-4, mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2200kg, NPK 30kg as base fertilizer；Topdress and be divided to two
It is secondary, topdress for the first time in late June, Mu Shi composite fertilizers 22kg；Topdress for the second time in mid-May next year, Mu Shi composite fertilizers 18kg.
In described step B-2, the concentration of sodium selenite is 800ppm.
In described step B-7, after being cradled to green manure, 5ppm sodium selenite solution is sprayed to green manure blade.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of green manure and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting, comprise the following steps：
A, konjaku plantation：
A-1 chooses seeds：The improved seeds of selected suitable local cultivation, its mode of appearance is that bulb is full, and terminal bud is scarlet sturdy,
And seed taro disease-free, without wound；
A-2 site preparations：Pre- plantation plot is deep ploughed at the beginning of 3 months by the end of February, soil, thin upturned soil is shone, it is wide with 1.3-1.6m moisture in the soil face
Ridging, the high 22-27cm in ridge, furrow width 28-32cm or so, in favor of draining, reduce konjaku disease；
A-3 is sowed：By 25cm × 30cm seeding row spacing water furrow planting, note handling with care when putting taro kind, never squeeze and press
Bulb, eye is put upward, then shallow soil covering, thickness of earth covering 5-10cm；
A-4 applies fertilizer：Based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by high potassium compound fertilizer, heavy base fertilizer application is added and topdressed；
A-5 field management：Weeding carries out ridging of topdressing, never rainy day or morning simultaneously based on artificial pull out with reference to weeding
Dew enters field when not dry；
A-6 integrated pest prevention and controls：The disease of konjaku mainly has soft rot, southern blight etc., can be with rich taro No. two in sowing
When spread fertilizer over the fields with ditch or rhizosphere spreads fertilizer over the fields and prevented and treated during plant morbidity；7-8 month rainwater is more, is the peak period of konjaku morbidity, during which
It is noted that dredging ditch water discharge, it is ensured that water route is unimpeded, while removing diseased plant and disinfecting；
A-7, which is dug, to be received：Mid-November next year, konjaku plant started down seedling, and seedling chooses fine day and starts to dig receipts, harvesting after 10 days
Stem tuber sorted by size, with large bamboo or wicker basket or mesh bag packed and transported；
B Green manurings：
B-1 chooses seeds：From the Hairy vetch seed harvested then, it is desirable to which maturity is consistent, full seed, no soil block,
Stone and broken grain seed；
B-2 seed treatments：Hairy vetch seed is soaked 10 hours in sodium selenite solution before broadcasting, then under sunlight
Dry 1-3 days；
B-3 is sowed：The mid or late August (Limit of Heat climate and other natural phenomena of a season) for selecting rainfall abundant, at this moment konjaku is substantial in bulb dry
Phase and rhizome (taro whip) growth period, weed growth are vigorous, and with reference to last time weeding, every mu with 2.5-3 kilograms of Hairy vetch
Broadcast sowing or shallow ridges drilling, after planting with reference to artificial weeding, original place shake off weeds root system with soil and be attached to green on soil
Fertile seed, is fully contacted and is evenly distributed with soil with sharp green manure seed, accelerates weeds dead, it is ensured that is emerged neat and is improved out
Seedling rate；
B-4 field management：Winter-Spring weeds are excessive when winning honour for, and should make and pull out processing,
The B-5 prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：When aphid damage is serious, uniformly sprayed with 1.5-2.0% Chongmankes 4000-6000 times of liquid of missible oil
Mist is prevented and treated；
B-6 mowing stock keepings：The green manure grown, can gather in before the winter and once be used as greenfeed, cane should stay 10- when cutting green grass or young crops
15cm, is sprouted with sharp regrowth hair；
B-7 turns over infertile field：April next year, green manure is in full-bloom stage, is at this moment also biological yield maximum phase, konjaku is not yet
Emerge (cone), green manure is cradled, used as fodder way then removes field and dries pulverization process；Make fertilizer purposes, then by green manure
Grassy marshland uniformly lays moisture in the soil face, is suitably earthed up with reference to applying for phosphorus potash fertilizer, ridging covers tightly and is compacted green manure grassy marshland and is advisable, with profit
Fully become thoroughly decomposed in green manure, quick-acting nutrients and good environment are provided for the growth of later stage konjaku.
In described step A-1, described seed taro is the single breeding for focusing on 10-20g.
In described step A-4, mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 1800kg, NPK 50kg as base fertilizer；Topdress and be divided to two
It is secondary, topdress for the first time in late June, Mu Shi composite fertilizers 15kg；Topdress for the second time in mid-May next year, Mu Shi composite fertilizers 25kg.
In described step B-2, the concentration of sodium selenite is 500ppm.
In described step B-7, after being cradled to green manure, 15ppm sodium selenite solution is sprayed to green manure blade.
Comparative example 1
Konjaku seed is soaked in 80ppm sodium selenite solution 12 hours (more than 80ppm, can influence seed into
Motility rate), immersion and blade in sodium selenite solution are no longer carried out to Hairy vetch seed and is sprayed.
Comparative example 2
After after the complete lamina of konjaku, nanometer selenium is added water and sprayed on konjaku blade, no longer Hairy vetch seed is entered
Immersion and blade sprinkling in row sodium selenite solution.
Comparative example 3
Sodium selenite solution blade sprinkling no longer is carried out to Hairy vetch seed.
It is each embodiment of detection data of the embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-3 fresh taro selenium content of every kilogram of sample below
3 mu are planted with comparative example, during detection, is averaged.
Table 1：The detection data of every kilogram of fresh taro selenium content：
| Every kilogram of fresh taro selenium content mg/kg | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1.66 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1.69 |
| Embodiment 3 | 1.61 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.42 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.25 |
| Comparative example 3 | 1.41 |
By above test data it is recognised that the green manure of the present invention and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting, can be significantly improved
The selenium content of konjaku, economic value highly significant.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, technique according to the invention scheme and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of green manure and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, konjaku plantation：
A-1 chooses seeds：The improved seeds of selected suitable local cultivation, its mode of appearance is that bulb is full, and terminal bud is scarlet sturdy, and nothing
Disease, the seed taro without wound；
A-2 site preparations：Pre- plantation plot is deep ploughed at the beginning of 3 months by the end of February, soil, thin upturned soil are shone, with 1.3-1.6m wide of moisture in the soil face
Ridge, the high 22-27cm in ridge, furrow width 28-32cm or so, in favor of draining, reduce konjaku disease；
A-3 is sowed：By 25cm × 30cm seeding row spacing water furrow planting, note handling with care when putting taro kind, never squeeze and press bulb,
Eye is put upward, then shallow soil covering, thickness of earth covering 5-10cm；
A-4 applies fertilizer：Based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by high potassium compound fertilizer, heavy base fertilizer application is added and topdressed；
A-5 field management：Weeding carries out ridging of topdressing simultaneously based on artificial pull out with reference to weeding, never rainy day or morning reveal not
Enter field when dry；
A-6 integrated pest prevention and controls：The disease of konjaku mainly has soft rot, southern blight etc., can with rich taro No. two when sowing with
Rhizosphere, which spreads fertilizer over the fields, when ditch spreads fertilizer over the fields or plant falls ill is prevented and treated；7-8 month rainwater is more, is the peak period of konjaku morbidity, during which to note
Meaning dredges ditch water discharge, it is ensured that water route is unimpeded, while removing diseased plant and disinfecting；
A-7, which is dug, to be received：Mid-November next year, konjaku plant started down seedling, and seedling chooses fine day and starts to dig receipts, the block of harvesting after 10 days
Stem is sorted by size, with large bamboo or wicker basket or mesh bag packed and transported；
B Green manurings：
B-1 chooses seeds：From the Hairy vetch seed harvested then, it is desirable to which maturity is consistent, full seed, no soil block, stone
And broken grain seed；
B-2 seed treatments：Hairy vetch seed is soaked more than 8 hours in sodium selenite solution before broadcasting, then under sunlight
Dry 1-3 days；
B-3 is sowed：Select rainfall abundant mid or late August (Limit of Heat climate and other natural phenomena of a season), at this moment konjaku be in bulb dry influx time and
Rhizome (taro whip) growth period, weed growth is vigorous, with reference to last time weeding, and every mu is broadcasted sowing with 2.5-3 kilograms of Hairy vetch
Or shallow ridges drilling, after planting with reference to artificial weeding, original place shake off weeds root system with soil and the green manure kind being attached on soil
Seed, is fully contacted and is evenly distributed with soil with sharp green manure seed, accelerates weeds dead, it is ensured that neat and raising of emerging is emerged
Rate；
B-4 field management：Winter-Spring weeds are excessive when winning honour for, and should make and pull out processing,
The B-5 prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：It is anti-with 4000-6000 times of liquid even spraying of 1.5-2.0% Chongmankes missible oil when aphid damage is serious
Control；
B-6 mowing stock keepings：The green manure grown, can gather in before the winter and once be used as greenfeed, cane should stay 10-15cm when cutting green grass or young crops,
Sprouted with sharp regrowth hair；
B-7 turns over infertile field：April next year, green manure is in full-bloom stage, is at this moment also biological yield maximum phase, konjaku no seedlings
(cone), is cradled to green manure, and used as fodder way then removes field and dries pulverization process；Make fertilizer purposes, then by green manure grassy marshland
It is uniform to lay moisture in the soil face, suitably earthed up with reference to applying for phosphorus potash fertilizer, ridging covers tightly and is compacted green manure grassy marshland and is advisable, in favor of green
Fertilizer is fully become thoroughly decomposed, and quick-acting nutrients and good environment are provided for the growth of later stage konjaku.
2. green manure as claimed in claim 1 and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting, it is characterised in that in described step A-1, institute
The seed taro stated is the single breeding for focusing on 10-20g.
3. green manure as claimed in claim 1 and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting, it is characterised in that in described step A-4, mu
Well-rotted farmyard manure 1800-2200kg, NPK 30-50kg are applied as base fertilizer；Topdress in two times, topdress for the first time in June
The last ten-days period, Mu Shi composite fertilizers 15-22kg；Topdress for the second time in mid-May next year, Mu Shi composite fertilizers 18-25kg.
4. green manure as claimed in claim 1 and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting, it is characterised in that in described step B-2, sub-
The concentration of sodium selenate is 500-800ppm.
5. green manure as claimed in claim 1 and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting, it is characterised in that right in described step B-7
After green manure is cradled, 5-15ppm sodium selenite solution is sprayed to green manure blade.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710621633.8A CN107258300A (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2017-07-27 | A kind of green manure and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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| CN108207506A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-06-29 | 威宁县金种魔芋专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method made between konjaku and cordate houttuynia |
| CN108522185A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-09-14 | 威宁县金种魔芋专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method made between konjaku and potato |
| CN108575641A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-09-28 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | A kind of technical method of the fertile synergy of seasonal drought region apple orchard water conservation section |
| CN108834775A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-20 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Interplanting Hairy Vetch and peppermint and the method for carrying out liquid manure circulation decontrol vineyard pollution of area source |
| CN109907352A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-06-21 | 广西大学 | A kind of production method of selenium-enriched tobacco leaf |
| CN110583405A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-20 | 贵州吉丰种业有限责任公司 | Cultivation method for planting smooth-leaf sweet potatoes on konjak compartment surface |
| CN111194671A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-26 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | A mulching plant combination and application for the prevention and control of konjac white silk disease |
| CN111201976A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Covering plant combination for preventing and controlling soft rot of konjak and application |
| CN111771649A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-16 | 安康市农业科学研究院 | One-year-made low-medium-altitude konjak simplified cultivation method |
| CN112640637A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-13 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Red-soil honey pomelo garden annual ecological interplanting green manure cultivation method |
| CN112772313A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-11 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and selfheal |
| CN113519353A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-10-22 | 湖北理工学院 | Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure rotation method |
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| CN108522185A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-09-14 | 威宁县金种魔芋专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method made between konjaku and potato |
| CN108207506A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-06-29 | 威宁县金种魔芋专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method made between konjaku and cordate houttuynia |
| CN108575641A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-09-28 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | A kind of technical method of the fertile synergy of seasonal drought region apple orchard water conservation section |
| CN108834775A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-20 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Interplanting Hairy Vetch and peppermint and the method for carrying out liquid manure circulation decontrol vineyard pollution of area source |
| CN109907352A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-06-21 | 广西大学 | A kind of production method of selenium-enriched tobacco leaf |
| CN110583405B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2023-11-07 | 贵州吉丰种业有限责任公司 | Cultivation method for planting sweet potatoes with photinia serrulata leaves on compartment surface of konjak |
| CN110583405A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-20 | 贵州吉丰种业有限责任公司 | Cultivation method for planting smooth-leaf sweet potatoes on konjak compartment surface |
| CN111194671A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-26 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | A mulching plant combination and application for the prevention and control of konjac white silk disease |
| CN111201976A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Covering plant combination for preventing and controlling soft rot of konjak and application |
| CN111771649A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-16 | 安康市农业科学研究院 | One-year-made low-medium-altitude konjak simplified cultivation method |
| CN113519353A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-10-22 | 湖北理工学院 | Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure rotation method |
| CN112640637A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-13 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Red-soil honey pomelo garden annual ecological interplanting green manure cultivation method |
| CN112772313A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-11 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and selfheal |
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